EP2791422B1 - Rail vehicle with guiding device for the machining tools - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rail vehicle in which the machining tools are tracked as accurately as possible to the rail profile in order to achieve an optimal result in the post-processing.

Such a rail vehicle is described in claim 1 and the other dependent claims.

The rail processing for laid railway or subway tracks is as in the patents EP 0952255 A1 mentioned known. In general, the objectives are defined in all rail machining so that at the same time a maximum removal of flaws or cracks depending on the rail condition at the lowest possible material removal, and the best possible surface quality or dimensional accuracy in relation to the longitudinal or transverse profile can be achieved. Grinding applications here are more in the range of low removal rates, milling more in the range of larger delivery depths represented. The requirements in terms of machining accuracy and surface quality are always higher, especially in view of the low noise of the moving train due to the rolling noise to be minimized. This presents advanced and new challenges for the machining methods, especially with regard to the track tracking of the machining tools, in order to meet the above requirements.

From the side of the milling technology was among other things a face milling technology, as in the patent AT508756B1 described as a solution for increasing the surface quality, especially in the range of the driving mirror proposed. As explained in this patent, although the use of multiple end mills, although an improvement in the surface finish, but is due to the supported on the opposite side of the rail head guide rollers, such as in Patent US 4583893 A described, consuming or even uneven with respect to the successively arranged cutter and their Fräsbilder. In general, the exact positioning and orientation of the milling tool to the rail both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction of the rail to adjust exactly to avoid a processing offset in relation to the longitudinal or transverse profile of the rail due to the low feed depths in finishing applications. The spatial orientation of the rail on the one hand and the necessary lane play of the towing vehicles and torsion of the vehicle frame and different deflections of the rail depending on the substructure or axle loads on the other hand pose as problems to be solved.

The state of the art is that the milling devices on the rail vehicle as in the patent DE 32222208 A1 described attached via a pivot bar with pivot pin on the chassis, tracked laterally over guide rollers of the rail and vertically supported by a lift and pivot slide shoe associated with the rail. The tracking takes place here with a rotational movement about the pivot in the longitudinal direction and vertically arranged pivot points in the transverse direction of the rail - ie in two mutually perpendicular planes.

Furthermore, the state of the art is that, as in the patent EP 0952255 A1 described, via a cross slide, consisting of a vertically guided carriage for the height adjustment of the milling housing and a horizontally guided carriage for the lateral displacement of the milling housing, the adjustment is released.

Further, the prior art in these patents is described in that the milling units are rail independent, i. in each case based on the position of the individual rails copying, that is on leadership roles, are forced.

Furthermore, in the patent EP 0952255 A1 proposed that via a coaxial with the Fräsmesserkopf pivotally mounted side cheek the housing is supported to the rail.

In total, according to the current state of the art usually two to max. three degrees of freedom in the spatial positioning or orientation to the rail covered. Due to the position of the processing tools in relation to the rail vehicle, in particular to the bogies or rigid axles, it comes just when cornering to incorrect positions compared to the laid tracks, especially for small curve radii.

An amplification of this effect occurs especially in milling units, which are not located centrally between the bogies or axles, since according to the state of the art, the milling units can perform neither an angular compensation in the vertical direction and an angular compensation in the transverse direction.

This also applies to the patent DE 3222208 A1 described device which is indeed rotatable about the pivot pin and pivot bar, but can not be rotated back to the rail position by missing pivot points on the milling unit. A missing angular compensation in the transverse direction is accepted because of the currently often in use radial milling, since the error is considered low, but must not be neglected by a given cross-section of the rail head. Even more important is this angle compensation in one Face milling technology, especially in relation to two interlocking face milling cutters on the right and left side of the rail, in particular if several milling units are to be arranged one behind the other to perform rail machining.

Furthermore, it comes in the so-called sinusoidal run of the vehicle by the game between the wheel flanges and the rail head side surfaces of at least 20 mm and the conical wheels to different positions with respect to the altitude and lateral position of the vehicle. When driving in elevations and not exactly laid tracks it comes in addition also to torsions of the vehicle frame. This leads to a further undefined starting situation between the vehicle frame, which represents the starting positions of the processing units, and the rail to be processed.

A readjustment in 4 axes is from the WO 0058559 A known, the machining units shows, which can be readjusted relative to the rail profile in a first axis of rotation and in two linear axes, wherein in the plane of the laid rails and normal to these extending Y-axis and a normal extending in height Z-axis, the linear axes and an X-axis extending in the direction of travel forms an axis of rotation. Even with these measures, however, misalignments of the processing units with respect to the routed tracks can not be sufficiently avoided.

Another contradictory point in rail tracking is the need for accurate rail tracking while compensating for flaws. Thus, on the one hand, the laid track should be precisely tracked, on the other hand, flaws such. Flattening points (wave-shaped depressions on the rail running surface), rail joints or deformations are to be leveled out. In the already mentioned patents, forced guides, i. Guide rollers used for track management, which translate the error points copying into the milling result, which is not desirable.

The aim of the present invention is to solve these stated disadvantages of the existing systems and the associated problems in the rail processing and to provide a device that can ensure optimum rail processing with at least four degrees of freedom by a controlled tracking of the processing tools.

The device according to the invention is described below with reference to several examples and is characterized by claim 1 and the following claims.

The invention achieves the stated object in that the processing unit is rotatable in a normal to the rails extending y-axis, in a normal z-axis extending in height, about the x-axis extending in the direction of travel and about the z-axis in that a first attachment plate is rotatably mounted about the z-axis in a mount mounted in the vehicle frame, a second attachment plate is rotatably mounted about the x-axis on the first attachment plate, that the processing unit via a cross slide for the linear movement in y- and Z-axis, which is arranged on the second mounting plate, that the measuring systems offset in the direction of the x-axis but are each symmetrical to the actual processing point that on the measuring systems (20, 22) a cross-sectional analysis of the rail head with respect to actual and target geometry can be performed and that the deflection of the individual degrees of freedom over Messsy be readjusted until the measurement results of the measuring systems in a predefined tolerance range are the same.

Advantageous conditions arise when the measuring system is scanned, preferably carried out by means of sliding element. The measuring system can also detect the rail position optically, preferably by means of laser or camera. Finally, the measuring system can detect the rail position acoustically, preferably by means of ultrasound or electrically, preferably capacitively.

The processing unit may represent at least one milling unit, preferably a Frässchlichteinheit with a few tenths of mm delivery. Advantageously, the processing unit can be designed as Stirnfräseinheit.

Also, a plurality of cutters can be arranged one behind the other, wherein in each case different rail head areas can be processed across.

Furthermore, in accordance with the roughing contour of a radial milling cutter, a face finishing cutter can be arranged such that the milling cutter axis is arranged obliquely in such a way that it can be milled across the rail profile center over the front side.

In addition, paired end mills can be arranged on the right and left sides of the rail to be processed. The cutter axes of the paired end mills can be set in a manner that can be fixed analogously to the rail inclination.

The milling cutters can be equipped with profiled inserts corresponding to the rail head. Particularly advantageous conditions arise when the cutter the rail head corresponding profile tolerance area in faceted tracks each have a straight indexable insert assigned.

The processing unit can also be designed as a grinding unit.

The adjustment of the processing unit can be done at least for certain movements by means of hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, electric motor, spindle drive or racks. Advantageous conditions arise when the drives at least partially against each other in the adjustment, so that backlash is given.

In addition, security measures such as controlled withdrawal or program smoothing of the error contour can be initiated by the information of another measuring system.

The processing unit can additionally be controlled by an external controller, preferably an operator.

Advantageously, the processing unit can be moved between a retraction height to the maximum infeed depth in the Z direction without losing the positioning or orientation to the rail position.

The processing unit and the measuring systems can be moved over the cross slide into a securable transfer position.

Several machining tools can be alternately in rest position and machining position.

A large and a small machining tool can be used alternately.

In a preferred embodiment of the processing device according to the invention, a combined rail height and side pivoting each with two offset in the longitudinal direction of measuring points via hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic or electric rotary drive about a pivot point a first mounting plate to the effect until the two consecutively arranged measuring points of the page in a predetermined tolerance range, the same measurement results for rail inner edge have. The measuring points are to the processing unit arranged symmetrically and thus rotate the orientation of the machining tool to the necessary symmetrical orientation with respect to the rail profile. The lateral adjustment to the rail and the vertical adjustment to the rail head are realized here per rail via a cross slide.

The machining tools are preferably mechanical, abrasive tools, such as milling tools or grinding tools, preferably milling tools. Furthermore, the orientation relative to the height position of the rails is readjusted to each other via the average measurement results of the respective height adjustment associated with the two rails via a second mounting plate which is rotatably mounted on the already twisted mounting plate until the measurement results of the vertical copy between the left and the right rail again in a predetermined tolerance range are the same. Through these two new rotational movements, the processing units are now oriented towards the rail and are employed on the linear axes of the cross slide for rail head side surface or rail head surface, wherein the damping shoe rests and the actual processing unit to the rail of height in each case based on the diameter of the Machining tool coordinated retreat altitude is located. This return height position is chosen so that in normal operation no collisions with a defined clearance gauge is given. In order to enable the mountain or trough travel as well as a track deflection compensation, the processing unit is arranged via a further pivot point so that the alignment takes place in the longitudinal direction of the rail by the overlying damping shoe or support shoe. The feed movement and thus Abtragstiefeneinstellung via an additional vertical linear axis between the actual processing unit and the damping or support shoe. Through this feed movement, the processing depth is infinitely adjustable and can thus be used for roughing or finishing applications or targeted removal. The actual processing unit can thus, based on the damping or support shoe, from the withdrawal height to the max. Move the feed depth vertically. As a result of this possibility, a maximum milling cutter geometry, depending on the clearance profile, can be used in the case of several processing tools arranged one behind the other. Depending on the interference geometry, the respective machining tool is lowered for machining or raised in the retracted position. This makes it possible to use larger machining tools for machining without interference contour and thus to achieve longer tool life and at the same time perform machining in tight spaces with small machining tools. This is special to point out that according to the invention, only the processing units depending on the circumstances hire or withdraw, but the measuring systems or the shoe remains employed on the rail. The retraction movement or adjusting movement can be controlled between, for example, two milling units in such a way that the new milling unit to be started starts machining via a flat ramp and, after a short simultaneous, overlapping machining, the returning milling unit ends the machining by a return movement with a likewise flat ramp.

Abb. 1:

Ein Schienenfahrzeug mit zwei erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen zum Fräsen der befahrenen Schienen, ausgeprägt als Radial- bzw. Stirnfrästechnologie, in einem schematischen Aufriss.

Abb. 2:

Das in Abb. 1 dargestellte Schienenfahrzeug in einem schematischen Grundriss bei Fahrt auf einer geraden Strecke.

Abb. 3:

Das in Abb. 1 dargestellte Schienenfahrzeug in einem schematischen Grundriss bei Fahrt in einer Kurve.

Abb. 4:

Ein Schienenfahrzeug mit drei unterschiedlichen Montagepositionen 1, 2 und 3 in einem schematischen Grundriss bei Fahrt auf einer geraden Strecke.

Abb. 5:

Ein Schienenfahrzeug mit drei unterschiedlichen Montagepositionen 1, 2 und 3 in einem schematischen Grundriss bei Fahrt in einer Kurve mit unterschiedlichen Drehwinkeln um die Z-Achse.

Abb. 6:

Ein Schienenfahrzeug mit drei unterschiedlichen Montagepositionen in einem schematischen Grundriss bei Fahrt in einer Kurve mit unterschiedlichen Drehwinkeln und Drehrichtungen um die Z-Achse.

Abb. 7:

Schematischer Grundriss der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der ersten Befestigungsplatte in Ausgangstellung. Abbildung a zeigt eine schematische Darstellung mit 2 -, Abbildung b eine schematische Darstellung mit 3 Messsystemen.

Abb. 8:

Schematischer Grundriss der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der ersten Befestigungsplatte bei Kurveneinfahrt mit Drehbewegung um die Z-Achse sowie Nachstellung entlang der Y-Achse. Abbildung a zeigt eine schematische Darstellung mit 2 -, Abbildung b eine schematische Darstellung mit 3 Messsystemen.

Abb. 9:

Schematischer Grundriss der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der ersten Befestigungsplatte bei Kurvenfahrt mit Drehbewegung um die Z-Achse sowie Nachstellung entlang der Y-Achse. Abbildung a zeigt eine schematische Darstellung mit 2 -, Abbildung b eine schematische Darstellung mit 3 Messsystemen.

Abb. 10:

Schematische Seitenansicht der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der zweiten Befestigungsplatte bei Fahrt auf einer geraden Strecke.

Abb. 11:

Schematische Seitenansicht der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der zweiten Befestigungsplatte bei Fahrt in einer Kurve, mit gegenüber der Fahrzeugmitte bzw. ursprünglichen Lage auf einer geraden Strecke in Y-Richtung versetzten Gleisen, ohne Überhöhung.

Abb. 12:

Schematische Seitenansicht der Messsysteme für die Drehbewegung der zweiten Befestigungsplatte bei Fahrt in einer Kurve, mit gegenüber der Fahrzeugmitte bzw. ursprünglichen Lage auf einer geraden Strecke in Y-Richtung versetzten Gleisen, mit Überhöhung.

Abb. 13:

Schematische Darstellung einer Auswahl verschiedener realisierbarer Anordnungen von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen.

1. a: Mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Bearbeitungseinheiten mit unterschiedlichen Bearbeitungsteilbereichen des Schienenkopfs
2. b: Bearbeitungseinheit als Radialbearbeitungseinheit mit schräg angestellter Bearbeitungsachse
3. c: Radialfrästechnologie mit Wendeschneidplatten
4. d: Stirnfrästechnologie mit schräg angestellter Bearbeitungsachse
5. e: Stirnfrästechnologie mit Fräser links und rechts von der Schiene
6. f: Fräser mit Profilwendeschneidplatte

In the schematic figures, various embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown and subsequently described:

Fig. 1:

A rail vehicle with two devices according to the invention for milling the traveled rails, pronounced as radial or face milling technology, in a schematic elevation.

Fig. 2:

This in Fig. 1 illustrated rail vehicle in a schematic plan view when driving on a straight line.

Fig. 3:

This in Fig. 1 illustrated rail vehicle in a schematic plan view when driving in a curve.

Fig. 4:

A rail vehicle with three different mounting positions 1, 2 and 3 in a schematic plan view when driving on a straight line.

Fig. 5:

A rail vehicle with three different mounting positions 1, 2 and 3 in a schematic plan view when driving in a curve with different angles of rotation about the Z-axis.

Fig. 6:

A rail vehicle with three different mounting positions in a schematic plan view when driving in a curve with different angles of rotation and directions of rotation about the Z-axis.

Fig. 7:

Schematic outline of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the first mounting plate in the starting position. Figure a shows a schematic representation with 2 -, Figure b is a schematic representation with 3 measuring systems.

Fig. 8:

Schematic outline of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the first mounting plate when cornering with rotation about the Z-axis and adjustment along the Y-axis. Figure a shows a schematic representation with 2 -, Figure b is a schematic representation with 3 measuring systems.

Fig. 9:

Schematic outline of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the first mounting plate when cornering with rotation about the Z-axis and adjustment along the Y-axis. Figure a shows a schematic representation with 2 -, Figure b is a schematic representation with 3 measuring systems.

Fig. 10:

Schematic side view of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the second mounting plate when driving on a straight line.

Fig. 11:

Schematic side view of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the second mounting plate when driving in a curve, with respect to the vehicle center or original location on a straight line in the Y direction offset tracks, without elevation.

Fig. 12:

Schematic side view of the measuring systems for the rotational movement of the second mounting plate when driving in a curve, with respect to the vehicle center or original location on a straight line in the Y direction offset tracks, with elevation.

Fig. 13:

Schematic representation of a selection of different realizable arrangements of machining tools.

1. a: Several successively arranged processing units with different processing sections of the rail head
2. b: machining unit as a radial machining unit with angled working axis
3. c: Radial milling technology with indexable inserts
4. d: Face milling technology with angled working axis
5. e: Face milling technology with milling cutter left and right of the rail
6. f: Milling cutter with profile insert

Used reference signs:

1

1a Machining unit with face milling cutter
1b Machining unit with radial milling cutter

2

Railroad or subway rail

3

railhead

4

track vehicle

10

first mounting plate

11

hydraulic cylinders

12

Rotary actuator

13

vehicle frame

14

bracket

15

second mounting plate

16

cross slide

17

shoe

18

height adjustment

20

Measuring systems page copying

22

Measuring Systems Height-Indexing

24

vertical, linear infeed axis

30

Fulcrum or rotation axis about X

31

Fulcrum or rotation axis around Y

32

Fulcrum or rotation axis around Z

As a coordinate system, an X, Y, Z coordinate system is set up, wherein X along the rails, Y perpendicular to the plane of the laid rails normal to these and Z normally rises in height. Rotation about X (30) thus means a rotation about a parallel to the rail, rotation about Y (31) a rotation parallel to the axis of a rail vehicle and rotation about Z (32) means a turning from the direction of travel, or normal thereto.

This coordinate system is used for ease of understanding and refers to the axes as described, with each deviation of the axes by +/- 10 ° can result from the combination of movement in multiple axes. Thus, for example, a movement along Z means that the movement is from top to bottom or bottom to top in a cone with 10 ° opening angle; thus not strictly normal, but each can be done at an angle between 80 and 100 °. This deviation of 10 ° results from the curve and angle of the rails (2) and will not be mentioned separately in the following to ensure better readability of the description.

By means of the device according to the invention, a plurality of degrees of freedom can each be covered and utilized for tracking along the individual rail (2), that is to say each rail (2) can be followed independently of the other one. At least 4 degrees of freedom, preferably the two axes of rotation about the X (30) and the Z axis (32) and the two linear axes Y and the Z axis are covered. Furthermore, with the device according to the invention in further embodiments, the rotation about the Y-axis (31) and also an additional linear movement in X can be controlled.

This succession can be done on the one hand on the principle of an industrial robot, preferably a articulated robot, on the other hand, by other suitable combinations of linear and rotary movements.

The movements for the two rail tracks (2) can also be combined via a mounting plate (10, 15), in particular if the general rail quality can be improved in the interaction of the left and right rails (2).

In the further embodiment, the background of the necessary tracking of the rail (2) leads mentioned and described solutions with coupling of two movements respectively for the right and left rail (2).

As can be seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3, due to the under a rail vehicle (4) in spatially undefined position rail tracks (2) accurate readjustment to the rail (2) only over 6 degrees of freedom possible. The first degree of freedom is often covered by the vehicle movement along the X direction.

As in illustration 1 represented by the contact forces of the rail vehicle (4) for deflection of the track (2) and in trough or Kuppenfahrten due to the terrain to a vertical displacement of the track strand (2) in the Z direction, thus shifting the upper rail edge (3) under the rail vehicle (4). This vertical displacement is traced by the vertical linear movement in the cross slide (16). Like also in illustration 1 It must be realized depending on the positioning of the processing unit (1) in the longitudinal direction with respect to the rail vehicle (4) rotational movement according to the invention about the Y-axis (31) to the machining tools (1), especially in Stirnfrästechnologien (1 a), the exact Adjust the position of the rail (2) in the XZ plane. By the Z-axis of the cross slide (16) the support of the slide shoe (17) on the upper rail edge (3) is possible, wherein the slide shoe (17) can rotate about the pivot point (31) about the Y-axis. By this rotational movement (31) it comes to the angle compensation in the XZ plane.

In order to be braced against the cross slide (16) during processing, e.g. a hydraulic cylinder (11) proposed. Another possibility are appropriately dimensioned pneumatic cylinders, but also electric drives. The actual feed movement of the processing unit (1 a, 1 b) is made possible by an additional adjustment in the Z direction via a further linear axis (24). This linear axis (24) can in turn be moved or set up via a hydraulic cylinder (11), pneumatic cylinder, electrically, or by means of mechanical translation by a spindle drive, or a rack.

Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view when driving on a straight line. The processing units (1 a, 1 b) are in their orientation parallel to the rail vehicle (4). As in Figure 3 can be seen, it comes when driving in a curve for rotating the processing units (1 a, 1 b) about the Z-axis (32). In Figures 4, 5 several assembly or processing positions in the longitudinal direction (position 1, 2, 3) are given. Depending on the position in the longitudinal direction, in particular to the wheel axles or bogies, there are different deflections required (rotation about Z-axis (32)) opposite the rail vehicle (4). The closer the mounting or machining position is to one of the wheel axles or bogies, the greater the necessary angle of rotation about the Z axis (32). This movement is achieved by a rotational movement according to the invention about the Z-axis (32) by means of hydraulic cylinders (11) or via a pivot drive (12), said movement being coupled by the common mounting plate (10) for the left and right rails. The pivot drive (12) can in turn be driven electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically.

In Figure 6 is a rail vehicle (4) with three different mounting positions shown in a schematic plan view when driving in a curve, in which case clearly the different rotation of the processing units (1) to the rail vehicle (4) can be seen. Of course, this effect occurs the greater the smaller the radius of curvature of the track strands (2) to be traveled.

The control principle or measuring system principle for readjusting the rotational movement about the Z-axis (32) is shown schematically in Figures 7, 8 and 9. Basically, after a transfer travel of the rail vehicle (4), in which the processing units (1 a, 1 b) were moved in a safe retreat position, the rail positions below the rail vehicle (4) determined by a mechanical or optical rail search device. The axes of the cross slide (16) are moved analogously to these determined positions and the measuring systems (20, 22) applied to the rail head (2). The processing units (1 a, 1 b) are in this case opposite the shoe (17) in the vertical retraction position. About the measurement results of the lateral measuring systems (20), which are offset in the longitudinal direction but each symmetrical to the actual processing point, a rotational movement about the vertical Z-axis (32) is initiated until the measurement results (20) are equal in a predefined tolerance range. The measuring systems (20, 22) can be designed to be scanned so that, for example, with a sliding block (17), the actual position is determined. But it is also possible to perform the measuring systems (20, 22) optically by means of camera detection or laser. Other possibilities for detecting the positions are ultrasonic sensors or capacitive sensors. Since the measuring systems (20, 22) have a retracted lowering position, for example, for a mechanically scanning system, for protecting or lowering the systems in an orientation of the rail (2) that is still unknown at that time, and a fixed measuring range, then Rotary movement (32) also carried out analogous adjustment of the cross slide (16) in the Y direction. The average value is calculated as the control value Traversing speed indicator used between the front and rear measuring system (20), as well as the measured value of the nearer to the pivot point (32) located page copy used as an adjustment. The rotational movement (32) is realized for example via hydraulic cylinder (11) or a rotary actuator (12).

In Figure 7 this initial position is reached.

Figure 8 shows a first minimum rotational movement about the Z-axis (32) when entering a curve. Since the measurement results deviate upon reaching the first curvature in a predetermined tolerance range, there is a rotational movement about the Z axis (32) and simultaneously by the changed average values of the measurement results of the rear and front scanning position and a different value closer to the pivot point ( 32) located to a rotation and a shift until the measurement results of the front and rear measurement points (20) in a predefined tolerance range are the same again and the average value of the measurement results or the closer to the fulcrum (32) located page copy back to the default Normal value. Again, in the illustrated variant, the movement of the right and left sides is coupled via a common attachment plate (10). In order to obtain a more accurate copy position for the point of engagement of the machining tool (1), the introduction of an additional measuring system (20, 22) as close as possible to the machining tool engagement point for adjustment of the cross slide (16) is possible. Here, the rotational movement about the Z-axis (32) is further controlled via the front and rear measuring points as described above. The traversing movement in the Y direction takes place purely via the control value or the measurement result of the additional central measuring device (20, 22).

A further measuring system (20, 22) may also be connected upstream of the processing unit (1) in order to detect large rail defects or jolts etc. at an early stage. This upstream measuring system (20, 22) can be used for various measures of the processing unit (1). This can be a controlled withdrawal of the processing unit (1), information to the operator, who of course can also control the processing system (1) externally, or an error correction stored in the controller.

In Figures 10, 11 and 12 is the interaction of the displacement in the Y direction and the rotation about the X-axis (30) shown in a ride with a curve elevation. Figure 10 represents the initial situation on the straight track (2). Via the measurement results of the height adjustment (18) the distance values between cross slide (16) and rail top edge (3) for the right and the left rail side (2) determined. On the other hand, it is ascertained via the side coverings (20) whether the cross slide (16) is still in the correct position relative to the rail inner edge. If a deviation is detected here, the process in the Y direction occurs. As a result, it can be ensured that the scanning of the vertical copy (22) is in the correct position with respect to the rail top edge. If the measured values of the height adjustment (18) between the right and left rail side (2) are different, the rail vehicle (4) is retracted into an elevation or twisting or twisting of the rail vehicle (4) with respect to the track strands (2). According to the invention, this state is achieved via a pivoting movement about the X-axis about the pivot point (30) by an adjustment of the second attachment plate (15) relative to the first attachment plate (10). Here, a coupling between right and left side is again given by a common mounting plate (15). The subsequent rotation about the horizontal axis (30) in the X-direction takes place until the measurement results of the height adjustment (18) are equal again in a predefined tolerance range. The rotational movement (30) can in turn be effected, for example, by hydraulic cylinders (11) or a swivel drive (12).

Figure 13a shows, by the inventive device and associated accurate tracking of multiple processing units (1), in particular milling units along the laid track (2), the ability to make several milling units (1a, 1b) so that a plurality of milling cutters arranged one behind the other, different subregions of Edit rail head (2) so that as far as possible per router (1a) of the cutter axis normal standing rail head area is processed and thus a Stirnfrästechnologie is used, which has a great advantage in terms of ripple of the machined rail (2).

Figure 13b shows a processing unit (1b) as a radial processing unit with obliquely working machining axis.

Figure 13c shows a Radialfrästechnologie (1b) with indexable inserts in several the rail head profile (2) associated tracks. By means of the device according to the invention, it is also possible with this milling technology to compensate for the misalignment to the track (2) that is not currently taken into account and to pass on a more precise roughing contour to the subsequent processing step.

Figure 13d shows an analogous to the milling profile of Figure 13b executed face milling cutter (1 a), which is designed so that the cutter axis is rotated to the rail center, that with only one end mill (1 a), the entire pre-machined contour can be smoothed. Especially in front milling technologies, the positioning and orientation of the milling cutter (1 a) to the rail profile (2) due to the longer cutter engagement of great importance which are solved by the device according to the invention.

Figure 13e also shows a Stirnfrästechnologie, with right and left of the rail (2) two end mill (1 a) are employed. This application can be used especially in confined spaces.

Figure 13f shows again a router as in Figure 13c in the embodiment with profiled cutting inserts.

Thus, it is possible with the present invention with at least four degrees of freedom optimal rail tracking of the machining tool (1), thus ensuring optimum rail machining.

The device according to the invention is described in claim 1 and the following claims.

Claims (8)

1. Rail vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame (13), a machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) and an apparatus for tracking the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) along laid railway lines or underground railway lines (2) for machining rails, in particular mechanical reworking of the rail profile, wherein the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) can be adjusted in relation to the rail profile in at least 4 axes and can be advanced in at least one axis, wherein the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) is readjusted in relation to the rail profile in a first axis of rotation and in two linear axes, wherein a Y-axis (31) extending in the plane of the laid rails and normally thereto and a Z-axis (32) extending normally vertically form the linear axes and an X-axis (30) extending in the direction of travel forms the first axis of rotation, characterised in that the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) is readjusted in relation to the rail profile in a second axis of rotation which is formed by the Z-axis (32), in that a first fastening plate (10) is arranged in a holder (14), which is mounted in the vehicle frame (13), so as to be able to rotate about the Z-axis (32), in that a second fastening plate (15) is arranged on the first fastening plate (10) so as to be able to rotate about the X-axis (30), in that the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) has a compound slide rest (16) for the linear movement in the Y-axis and Z-axis (31, 32), which rest is arranged on the second fastening plate (15), in that measurement systems (20, 22) are located offset in the direction of the X-axis (30) but in each case symmetrically with respect to the actual machining point, in that a cross-section analysis of the rail head in relation to actual and desired geometry can be performed by the measurement systems (20, 22) and in that the deflection of the individual degrees of freedom can be readjusted by the measurement systems (20, 22) in such a manner until the measurement results of the measurement systems (20, 22) of the front and rear measurement points (20) are identical within a predefined tolerance range.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that an additional axis about the Y-direction is configured as an axis of rotation (31).
3. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that an additional displacement axis is configured for movement of the milling unit in the X-axis (30).
4. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the movement of the left and right machining tool (1, 1a, 1b) is coupled at least in one degree of freedom.
5. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) is arranged on the compound slide rest (16) so as to be rotatable about the Y-axis (31).
6. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one further measuring unit (20, 22) is connected upstream of the machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) in order to be able to identify a relatively large rail defect at an early stage.
7. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the advancing movement is effected via an additional adjustable linear axis in the Z-direction (24) between the actual machining unit (1, 1a, 1b) and the measurement system (20, 22).
8. Apparatus as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the machining tool (1, 1a, 1b) is tracked to the rail (1, 1a, 1b) by means of an articulated robot fastened to the rail vehicle (4).

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