EP2788149A1 - Method for switching between striking stroke lengths of a percussive tool striking piston - Google Patents

Method for switching between striking stroke lengths of a percussive tool striking piston

Info

Publication number
EP2788149A1
EP2788149A1 EP12816695.6A EP12816695A EP2788149A1 EP 2788149 A1 EP2788149 A1 EP 2788149A1 EP 12816695 A EP12816695 A EP 12816695A EP 2788149 A1 EP2788149 A1 EP 2788149A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control device
chamber
striking
channel
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12816695.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2788149B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Sylvain Comarmond
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montabert SAS
Original Assignee
Montabert SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montabert SAS filed Critical Montabert SAS
Publication of EP2788149A1 publication Critical patent/EP2788149A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2788149B1 publication Critical patent/EP2788149B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/26—Control devices for adjusting the stroke of the piston or the force or frequency of impact thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/145—Control devices for the reciprocating piston for hydraulically actuated hammers having an accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/16—Valve arrangements therefor
    • B25D9/18—Valve arrangements therefor involving a piston-type slide valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of switching the striking stroke of a striking piston of a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, and a percussion apparatus for carrying out this method.
  • Percussion devices driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure are supplied with fluid, so that the resultant hydraulic forces successively applied to the striking piston, moves it alternately in one direction and then in the other.
  • the striking piston moves alternately inside a cylinder in which are arranged at least two opposing chambers of different sections.
  • One, constantly supplied with pressurized fluid, called the lower chamber ensures the recovery of the striking piston and another antagonist of larger section, called upper chamber, is alternately fed with fluid under pressure during the stroke stroke of the piston. and connected to the low pressure return circuit of the device during the recovery of the striking piston.
  • the lower chamber ensures the recovery of the striking piston
  • another antagonist of larger section called upper chamber
  • the percussion devices are thus generally also provided with a chamber, called a braking chamber, which serves to hydraulically stop the striking stroke of the striking piston when the tool is not resting on the material to be destroyed.
  • a braking chamber which serves to hydraulically stop the striking stroke of the striking piston when the tool is not resting on the material to be destroyed.
  • This braking chamber can be advantageously formed in the extension of the lower chamber.
  • the energy per shot is the kinetic energy given to the striking piston, and depends on the striking stroke and the supply pressure.
  • the document EP 0 214 064 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain an automatic adaptation of the percussion parameters, thanks to the presence in the cylinder of the apparatus of a channel supplied with fluid according to the position of the striking piston after the impact and the eventual rebound of the latter on the tool.
  • the document EP 0 256 955 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain the same result, as a function of the pressure variations in the upper chamber or the lower chamber, consecutive to the rebound effect of the striking piston on the tool, thanks to the presence of a hydraulic element sensitive to these variations.
  • EP 0 715 932 describes a simplified system that can equip small and medium power devices. This system consists, during the rebound phase of the impact piston after the impact, to determine the possible existence of an instantaneous flow of fluid flowing from the upper chamber to the feed circuit, and to use this signal to control the percussion parameters, such as typing pressure or frequency of the device.
  • the document FR 2 902 684 describes a percussion apparatus in which, when the striking piston enters the braking chamber, the pressurization of the fluid contained in the braking chamber makes it possible, thanks to a channel opening in the chamber of braking, to drive a drawer acting on the stroke of the striking piston.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
  • the technical problem at the basis of the invention therefore consists in providing a method and an apparatus for implementing it, making it possible to preserve the integrity of the appliance, especially the tool and the keys holding it.
  • the present invention relates to a method for switching the striking stroke of a striking piston of a percussion apparatus, driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke. and vice versa, the striking piston being alternatively movable inside a cylinder of a body of the percussion apparatus and being arranged to come, during each operating cycle, to strike a tool, percussion apparatus comprising a driving device arranged to vary the striking stroke of the striking piston between the short and long striking strokes, the switching method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
  • the method according to the invention ensures a starting of the percussion apparatus according to a mode of operation with a small impact energy so as to limit the empty strikes on the tool, then, after a predetermined duration, for example a few seconds, allows a mode of operation with maximum impact energy.
  • the method according to the invention thus preserves the integrity of the tool and the keys that hold it, and generally the integrity of the percussion apparatus.
  • the striking piston and the cylinder delimit at least one low chamber permanently connected to a high pressure fluid supply circuit and an upper chamber alternately connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit and a circuit low pressure return by action of a dispatcher connected to the control device
  • the control device comprises a first control channel connected to the distributor, and a second control channel opening into the cylinder of the striking piston and arranged to be put in communication with the In the lower chamber during the raising stroke of the striking piston, the acting step on the steering device is carried out for the predetermined duration of acting on the steering device so as to maintain the communication between the first and the second piston. and second control channels, and the step of operating on the control device performed at the expiration of the predetermined duration of ag ir on the control device so as to isolate the first and second control channels.
  • the step of operating on the control device carried out after the expiration of the predetermined duration comprises a step of supplying the control device with high pressure fluid by means of a connecting channel provided with a calibrated orifice, so as to move a drawer that includes the control device.
  • the connecting channel is for example connected to the lower chamber.
  • the present invention further relates to a percussion apparatus powered by an incompressible fluid under pressure, comprising:
  • an alternately displaceable plunger located inside a cylinder formed in a body of the percussion apparatus, and arranged to strike a tool during each cycle of operation of the apparatus; percussion, the striking piston and the cylinder delimiting a lower chamber permanently connected to a high-pressure fluid supply circuit and an upper chamber,
  • a distributor arranged to put the upper chamber in alternating relation with the high pressure fluid supply circuit and a low pressure return circuit
  • a control device arranged to vary the strike stroke of the striking piston between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke, and vice versa
  • the steering device comprising a cylinder, a first control channel opening into the cylinder; of the control device and connected to the distributor, and a second control channel opening into the cylinder of the control device and into the cylinder of the striking piston, the second control channel being arranged to be placed in communication with the lower chamber during the raising stroke of the striking piston
  • the control device further comprising a slide mounted movably in the cylinder of the control device between a first position in which the slide communicates the first and second control channels, and a second position in which the drawer isolates the first and second control channels
  • the drawer and the cylinder of the driving device defining at least a first chamber in which is located a first face of the drawer, and a second chamber in which is located a second side of the drawer opposite to the first face
  • the percussion apparatus comprises:
  • a first channel iaison arranged to connect the second chamber of the control device to the high pressure fluid supply circuit, the first connecting channel being provided with a calibrated orifice.
  • the amount of fluid passing through the calibrated orifice is sufficient to move the drawer in its second position against the action of the return means.
  • This movement of the drawer causes the isolation of the first and second control channels, and thus the control of the operation of the percussion apparatus according to a long strike stroke of the striking piston.
  • the percussion apparatus according to the invention thus makes it possible to ensure, at start-up, a mode of operation with a small impact energy, which limits the empty strikes on the tool, and thus preserves the integrity of the latter. .
  • the return means are advantageously housed in the first chamber of the control device.
  • the first connecting channel is arranged to connect the second chamber of the control device to the lower chamber.
  • the first connecting channel opens on the one hand into the lower chamber and on the other hand into the second chamber of the control device.
  • the first connecting channel opens for example into a first end wall of the cylinder of the control device.
  • the drawer of the control device advantageously comprises an annular groove arranged to put in communication the first and second channels when the drawer is in its first position.
  • the first control channel also opens into the cylinder of the striking piston
  • the second control channel opens into the cylinder of the striking piston between the first control channel and the lower chamber
  • the first connecting channel is permanently connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises a second connecting channel provided with a calibrated orifice, the second connecting channel being permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit and opening into the first chamber. of the steering device.
  • the percussion apparatus advantageously comprises a filling channel permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit and opening into the first chamber of the control device.
  • the end of the filling channel opening into the first chamber of the control device may for example be arranged to be closed by the drawer of the control device when the drawer is in its second position.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises a second connecting channel opening on the one hand into the first chamber of the control device and on the other hand outside the percussion apparatus.
  • the drawer and the cylinder of the control device preferably further define an annular chamber connected to the low pressure return circuit.
  • the drawer may comprise a passage opening respectively into the first and second chambers of the control device.
  • control device further comprises a first connection channel connected to the first control channel, a second connection channel connected to the second control channel, and a mobile distribution member between a first position wherein the dispensing member communicates the first and second connecting channels, and a second position in which the dispensing member isolates the first and second connecting channels.
  • At least one of the calibrated orifices of the percussion apparatus is formed by a nozzle.
  • the calibrated orifice of the first connecting channel is formed by a nozzle.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises a braking chamber arranged in the extension of the lower chamber, and capable of being closed by a shoulder of the piston when the striking piston exceeds its theoretical position of hit.
  • Figures 1 to 3 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
  • Figures 4 to 6 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
  • Figures 7 to 9 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
  • Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the hydraulic percussion apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a stepped striking piston 1 slidably mounted alternately within a cylinder 2 formed in a body 3 of the apparatus. During each operating cycle, the striking piston 1 is intended to strike against the upper end of a tool 4 slidably mounted in a bore 5 formed in the body 3 coaxially with the cylinder 2.
  • the striking piston 1 and the cylinder 2 define an annular lower chamber 6 and an upper chamber 7 of larger section formed above the striking piston 1.
  • the percussion apparatus further comprises a main distributor 8 mounted in the body 3 arranged to put the upper chamber 7, alternatively in connection with a high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9 during the strike stroke of the striking piston 1, or with a low-pressure return circuit 11 during the up stroke of the striking piston 1, as shown in fig 1.
  • the lower chamber 6 is continuously supplied with fluid under high pressure by a channel 12, so that each position of the distributor 8 causes the strike stroke of the striking piston 1, then the lift stroke.
  • the channel 12 can be connected to an accumulator 13.
  • the striking piston 1 also defines, with the cylinder 2, an annular chamber 14, called the braking chamber, formed in the extension of the lower chamber 6 and supplied with fluid under high pressure by the latter.
  • the braking chamber allows, by the principle of the DASH POT, to dissipate the striking energy of the striking piston 1 when the tool 4 is not close to its theoretical operating position, that is to say resting on the conical portion 15 of the body 3.
  • the percussion apparatus also comprises a control device 16 arranged to vary the strike stroke of the striking piston 1 between a neck stroke stroke and a long neck stroke and vice versa.
  • the control device 16 comprises a slide 17 mounted in a cylinder 18 formed in the body 3 and into which, axially offset, two control channels 19 and 21 open out into the cylinder 2 of the striking piston 1.
  • the control channel 19 is connected to a control section of the main distributor 8 via an annular groove 22 and a channel 23.
  • the control channel 21 opens into the cylinder 2 between the lower chamber 6 and the control channel 1 9, and serves to control the short strike stroke of the striking piston 1.
  • the control channel 21 is more particularly suitable for being placed in communication with the lower chamber 6 during the raising stroke of the striking piston 1, as shown in FIG. figure 2.
  • the slide 17 comprises a groove 24 and is movable between a first position (shown in FIG. 1) in which the groove 24 puts the control channels 1 9, 21 into communication with a second position (shown in FIG. 3). ) in which the groove 24 isolates the control channels 19, 21.
  • the drawer 17 and the cylinder 1 8 of the control device 1 6 delimit a first chamber 25 in which is located a first side of the drawer 17, and a second chamber 26 in which is located a second face of the drawer 17 opposite the first face.
  • the first chamber 25 houses a return spring 27 arranged to cooperate with the first face of the slide 17 so as to bias the latter towards its first position.
  • the first chamber 25 is permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1 by a first channel of the season 28 provided with a calibrated orifice 29, and a second connecting channel 31 also opening into the cylinder 2 of the striking piston.
  • the first connecting channel 28 advantageously opens into a first end wall of the cylinder 18.
  • the percussion apparatus preferably also comprises a filling channel 32 permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1 via connecting channel 31 and opening into the first chamber 25 of the control device. As shown in Figure 3, the end of the filling channel 32 opening into the first chamber 25 of the control device is arranged to be closed by the drawer 17 when the latter is in its second position, and to be released when the drawer is in his first position.
  • the second chamber 26 is connected to the lower chamber 6 by a channel 33 connected with a calibrated orifice 34.
  • the connecting channel 33 opens on the one hand into the second chamber 26, and secondly into a second end wall of the cylinder 18 of the steering device.
  • the striking piston 1 comprises an annular groove 35 in its upper part, and makes it possible to establish, when it is resting on the tool 4, a communication between the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 and the channel 23 by through the channel 31 and the annular groove 35.
  • the distributor 8 is driven by a rising movement when the channel 23 is connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1, and a movement of downstream when the channel 23 is connected to the high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9.
  • the channel 23 makes it possible to control the movements of the distributor 8.
  • pressurized fluid circulates in the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9, and feeds the lower chamber 6 and the second chamber 26 via the connecting channel 33.
  • the resultant forces applied to the striking piston 1 then causes the latter, since the upper chamber 7 is connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1.
  • the drawer 1 7 is however maintained in its first position shown in Figure 1, by the action of the spring 27 and due to the presence of the calibrated orifice 34.
  • the quantity of fluid passing through the calibrated orifice 34 is sufficient to move the slide 17 in its second position against the action of the spring 27.
  • the oil present in the first chamber 25 is discharged towards the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 via the connecting channel 28 and the calibrated orifice 29.
  • This movement of the slide 1 7 also causes the isolation of the control channels 19, 21, as shown in FIG.
  • the striking piston 1 must then go up until the edge 36 reaches the position of the annular groove 22 so that the high pressure, present in the lower chamber 6, is also established in the channel 23, and causes the distributor 8 to move towards its lower position so as to relate the upper chamber 7 to the circu it 9.
  • the accumulator 12 maintains a high pressure in the upper chamber 7 during the sudden acceleration of the striking piston 1.
  • the predetermined time to allow a movement of the drawer 1 7 from its first position to its second position can be adjusted for example by adjusting the diameters of the calibrated orifices 29, 34.
  • the lower chamber 6, the air chamber 33, and the air chamber 26 in particular are decompressed.
  • the drawer 17 is then biased towards its first position by the spring 27, which ensures communication between the control channels 1 9, 21 at the next start of the percussion apparatus, and therefore an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a short stroking stroke dupi sto nde fra ppe 1 during the predetermined period.
  • the filling channel 32 provides a fluid filling of the first chamber 25 in which the spring 27 is located.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show a percussion apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the first chamber 25 is connected to the open air by a channel of FIG. link 41 opening on the one hand in the first chamber 25 and on the other hand outside the body 3 of the percussion apparatus.
  • the percussion apparatus operates in substantially the same manner as that shown in Figures 1 to 3.
  • the drawer 17, pushed by the spring 27, is in its first position in which the annular groove 24 connects the control channels 1 9, 21.
  • the percussion apparatus then operates in a short stroke, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the fluid under pressure in the connecting channel 33 passes through the calibrated orifice 34, and progressively pushes the drawer 17, against the action of the spring 27.
  • this causes a long stroke operation of the striking piston 1 until the power supply of the percussion apparatus is interrupted.
  • the emptying and filling of the first chamber 25, allowing the last drawer 17 to move between its first and second positions is made via the connecting channel 41.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show a percussion apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the slide 17 and the cylinder 18 of the piloting device further delimit a annular chamber 42 connected to the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 via a connecting channel 43 and ca na ldel ia ison 31, and in that the t ir ro com includes a longitudinal passage 44 opening respectively in the first and second chambers 25, 26 of the control device.
  • the percussion apparatus operates in essentially the same manner as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the drawer 17 remains for a predetermined duration in its first position in which the The annular groove 24 of the rotor 17 connects the control channels 19, 21 for operation in short strike stroke of the striking piston 1.
  • the fluid under pressure in the connecting channel 33 passes through the calibrated orifice 34, and progressively pushes the slide 17 to its second position, against the action of the spring 27.
  • the annular chamber 42 remains connected to the low pressure retur r 11 1, and the fluid contained in the first chamber 25 flows, through the longitudinal passage 44, to the second chamber 26.
  • FIG. 10 shows a percussion apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the control device further comprises a connection channel 51 connected to the control channel 1 9, a connecting channel 52 connected to the control channel 21, and a dispensing member 53 movable between a first position in which the dispenser member 53 communicates the connection channels 51, 52, and a second position in which the allocator 53 isolates the connecting channels 51, 52.
  • the dispensing member 53 is more particularly arranged to be moved between its first and second positions depending on the hardness of the material to be demolished.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises for example control means arranged to control the movements of the dispensing member 53 between its first and second positions.
  • the drawer 17 is, as previously, in its first position in which the annular groove 24 of the slide 17 connects the control channels 19, 21 for operation in short striking stroke of the striking piston 1. Then, at the expiration of a predetermined time by adjusting the calibrated orifice 34, the slide 17 moves to its second position and cuts the communication between the control channels 19, 21.
  • the percussion apparatus can then operate in short or long stroke depending on the hardness of the material to be demolished, and more particularly the position of the dispenser member.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this percussion apparatus, described above as examples, it encompasses all the variants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

This switching method consists in switching the percussive tool on, operating a control device (16) designed to vary the striking stroke of the striking piston (1) between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke so as to cause the percussive tool to operate with a short striking stroke for a predetermined length of time following implement switch-on, and in acting on the control device (16) so as to allow the percussive tool, after the predetermined length of time has elapsed, to operate on a long striking stroke.

Description

Procédé de commutation de la course de frappe d'un piston de frappe d'un appareil à percussions  Method of switching the strike stroke of a striking piston of a percussion apparatus
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de commutation de la course de frappe d'un piston de frappe d'un appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, et un appareil à percussions pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé.  The present invention relates to a method of switching the striking stroke of a striking piston of a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, and a percussion apparatus for carrying out this method.
Les appareils à percussion mus par un fluide incompressible sous pression sont alimentés en fluide, de telle manière que la résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant successivement sur le piston de frappe, déplace celui-ci alternativement dans un sens puis dans l'autre.  Percussion devices driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure are supplied with fluid, so that the resultant hydraulic forces successively applied to the striking piston, moves it alternately in one direction and then in the other.
Dans les appareils de ce type, le piston de frappe se déplace alternativement à l'intérieur d'un cylindre dans lequel sont aménagées au moins deux chambres antagonistes de sections différentes. L'une, alimentée constamment en fluide sous pression, appelée chambre basse, assure la remontée du piston de frappe et une autre antagoniste de section plus importante, appelée chambre haute, est alternativement alimentée en fluide sous pression lors de la course de frappe du piston de frappe et reliée au circuit de retour basse pression de l'appareil lors de la remontée du piston de frappe. Il est aussi connu que si l'outil n'est pas correctement appuyé sur le matériau à détruire ou si le matériau est trop tendre, l'appareil aura tendance à frapper des « coups à vide » sur l'outil, ces coups sont très destructeurs pour l 'outil et l 'appareil lui-même. Les appareils à percussion sont ainsi généralement également munis d'une chambre, appelée chambre de freinage, qui sert à stopper hydrauliquement la course de frappe du piston de frappe lorsque l'outil n'est pas en appui sur le matériau à détruire. La présence d'une telle chambre de freinage permet d'éviter des chocs directs entre le piston de frappe et le cylindre. Cette chambre de freinage peut être avantageusement ménagée dans le prolongement de la chambre basse.  In devices of this type, the striking piston moves alternately inside a cylinder in which are arranged at least two opposing chambers of different sections. One, constantly supplied with pressurized fluid, called the lower chamber, ensures the recovery of the striking piston and another antagonist of larger section, called upper chamber, is alternately fed with fluid under pressure during the stroke stroke of the piston. and connected to the low pressure return circuit of the device during the recovery of the striking piston. It is also known that if the tool is not properly pressed on the material to be destroyed or if the material is too soft, the device will tend to hit the tool with "empty shots", these shots are very destroyers for the tool and the device itself. The percussion devices are thus generally also provided with a chamber, called a braking chamber, which serves to hydraulically stop the striking stroke of the striking piston when the tool is not resting on the material to be destroyed. The presence of such a braking chamber makes it possible to avoid direct impacts between the striking piston and the cylinder. This braking chamber can be advantageously formed in the extension of the lower chamber.
I l est con n u q u e po u r u n e puissance de l'appareil donnée, exprimée par le produit de la valeur de la fréquence de frappe et de la valeur de l'énergie par coup, lorsque l'appareil travaille dans un terrain dur homogène, il est préférable de privilégier l'énergie par coup par rapport à la fréquence afin d'obtenir une productivité optimale.  It is a con nuque for a given power of the apparatus, expressed by the product of the value of the striking frequency and the value of the energy per shot, when the apparatus is working in a homogeneous hard ground, it is it is preferable to favor energy per shot over frequency in order to obtain optimal productivity.
Au contraire, pour un travail de l'appareil sur un terrain tendre, il est avantageux de réduire l'énergie par coup, et par voie de conséquence, d'augmenter la fréquence de frappe. L'énergie par coup est l'énerg ie cinétique donnée au piston de frappe, et dépend de la course de frappe et de la pression d'alimentation. Pour ajuster la fréquence de frappe et l'énergie par coup convenant à la dureté d'un terra in don né , i l existe pl us ieu rs sol utions con n u es décrites dans les documents EP 0 214 064, EP 0 256 955, EP 0 715 932, et FR 2 902 684 au nom de la Demanderesse. On the contrary, for a work of the apparatus on a soft ground, it is advantageous to reduce the energy per stroke, and consequently, to increase the frequency of strikes. The energy per shot is the kinetic energy given to the striking piston, and depends on the striking stroke and the supply pressure. In order to adjust the striking frequency and the energy per stroke suitable for the hardness of a terra in don ne, there are more con tained solu tions described in the documents EP 0 214 064, EP 0 256 955, EP 0 715 932 and FR 2 902 684 in the name of the Applicant.
Le document EP 0 214 064 décrit un appareil qui permet d'obtenir une adaptation automatique des paramètres de percussion, grâce à la présence dans le cylindre de l'appareil d'un canal alimenté en fluide selon la position du piston de frappe après l'impact et le rebond éventuel de ce dernier sur l'outil.  The document EP 0 214 064 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain an automatic adaptation of the percussion parameters, thanks to the presence in the cylinder of the apparatus of a channel supplied with fluid according to the position of the striking piston after the impact and the eventual rebound of the latter on the tool.
Le document EP 0 256 955 décrit un appareil qui permet d'obtenir le même résultat, en fonction des variations de pression dans la chambre haute ou la chambre basse, consécutives à l'effet de rebond du piston de frappe sur l'outil, grâce à la présence d'un élément hydraulique sensible à ces variations.  The document EP 0 256 955 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain the same result, as a function of the pressure variations in the upper chamber or the lower chamber, consecutive to the rebound effect of the striking piston on the tool, thanks to the presence of a hydraulic element sensitive to these variations.
Le document EP 0 715 932 décrit un système simplifié pouvant équiper les appareils de petite et moyenne puissances. Ce système consiste, lors de la phase de rebond du piston de frappe consécutive à l'impact, à déterminer l'existence éventuelle d'un débit instantané de fluide s'écoulant de la chambre haute vers le circuit d'alimentation, et à se servir de ce signal pour piloter les paramètres de percussions, tels que la pression de frappe ou la fréquence de l'appareil.  EP 0 715 932 describes a simplified system that can equip small and medium power devices. This system consists, during the rebound phase of the impact piston after the impact, to determine the possible existence of an instantaneous flow of fluid flowing from the upper chamber to the feed circuit, and to use this signal to control the percussion parameters, such as typing pressure or frequency of the device.
Le document FR 2 902 684 décrit un appareil à percussions dans lequel, lorsque le piston de frappe pénètre dans la chambre de freinage, la mise en pression du fluide contenu dans la chambre de freinage permet, grâce à u n ca nal débouchant dans la chambre de freinage, de piloter un tiroir agissant sur la course du piston de frappe.  The document FR 2 902 684 describes a percussion apparatus in which, when the striking piston enters the braking chamber, the pressurization of the fluid contained in the braking chamber makes it possible, thanks to a channel opening in the chamber of braking, to drive a drawer acting on the stroke of the striking piston.
Lorsque les appareils décrits dans les documents précités sont utilisés avec des séquences de fonctionnement présentant des interruptions de fonctionnement très cou rtes et en terra in d u r, i l n ' est pas ra re q u e, au démarrage de l'appareil, l'énergie d'impact appliquée au piston de frappe soit élevée, ce qui peut provoquer des « coups à vide » sur l'outil, et une fatigue excessive de ce dernier et des clavettes qui le retiennent.  When the apparatuses described in the above-mentioned documents are used with operating sequences having very short and hard-running interruptions of operation, it is not surprising that, at the start of the apparatus, the impact energy applied to the striking piston is high, which can cause "strokes" on the tool, and excessive fatigue of the latter and the keys that hold it.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients.  The present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
Le problème technique à la base de l'invention consiste donc à fourn ir un procédé et un appareil pour sa m ise en œuvre, permettant de préserver l'intégrité de l'appareil, et plus particulièrement de l'outil et des clavettes qui le retiennent. The technical problem at the basis of the invention therefore consists in providing a method and an apparatus for implementing it, making it possible to preserve the integrity of the appliance, especially the tool and the keys holding it.
A cet effet , la présente invention concerne un procédé de commutation de la course de frappe d'un piston de frappe d'un appareil à percussions, mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, entre une courte course de frappe et une longue course de frappe, et inversement, le piston de frappe étant déplaçable de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un cylindre d'un corps de l'appareil à percussions et étant agencé pour venir, au cours de chaque cycle de fonctionnement, percuter un outil, l'appareil à percussions comprenant un dispositif de pilotage agencé pour faire varier la course de frappe du piston de frappe entre les courte et longue courses de frappe, le procédé de commutation étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à :  To this end, the present invention relates to a method for switching the striking stroke of a striking piston of a percussion apparatus, driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke. and vice versa, the striking piston being alternatively movable inside a cylinder of a body of the percussion apparatus and being arranged to come, during each operating cycle, to strike a tool, percussion apparatus comprising a driving device arranged to vary the striking stroke of the striking piston between the short and long striking strokes, the switching method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- mettre en marche l'appareil à percussions,  - start the percussion apparatus,
- ag ir sur le dispositif de pilotage de manière à imposer un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une courte course de frappe pendant une durée prédéterminée à partir de la mise en marche de l'appareil, et  acting on the control device so as to impose an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a short striking stroke for a predetermined duration from the start of the apparatus, and
- agir sur le dispositif de pilotage de manière à autoriser, après l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée, un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une longue course de frappe.  - act on the control device so as to allow, after the expiration of the predetermined duration, an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a long stroke stroke.
Ainsi, le procédé selon l'invention assure un démarrage de l'appareil à percussion selon un mode de fonctionnement à petite énergie d'impact de façon à limiter les frappes à vide sur l'outil, puis, après une durée prédéterminée, par exemple de quelques secondes, autorise un mode de fonctionnement à énergie d'impact maximum. Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc de préserver l'intégrité de l'outil et des clavettes qui le retiennent, et de manière générale l'intégrité de l'appareil à percussions.  Thus, the method according to the invention ensures a starting of the percussion apparatus according to a mode of operation with a small impact energy so as to limit the empty strikes on the tool, then, after a predetermined duration, for example a few seconds, allows a mode of operation with maximum impact energy. The method according to the invention thus preserves the integrity of the tool and the keys that hold it, and generally the integrity of the percussion apparatus.
De préférence, le piston de frappe et le cylindre délimitent au moins une chambre basse reliée en permanence à un circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression et une chambre haute mise en relation alternativement avec le circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression et un circuit de retour basse pression par action d'un d istributeur rel ié au dispositif de pilotage, et le dispositif de pilotage comprend un premier canal de commande relié au distributeur, et un deuxième canal de commande débouchant dans le cylindre du piston de frappe et agencé pour être mis en communication avec la chambre basse au cours de la course de remontée du piston de frappe, l'étape d 'ag issement sur le d ispositif de pilotage réal isée pendant la durée prédéterminée consistant à agir sur le dispositif de pilotage de manière à maintenir la communication entre les premier et deuxième canaux de commande, et l'étape d'agissement sur le dispositif de pilotage réalisée à l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée consistant à ag ir sur le dispositif de pilotage de manière à isoler les premier et deuxième canaux de commande. Preferably, the striking piston and the cylinder delimit at least one low chamber permanently connected to a high pressure fluid supply circuit and an upper chamber alternately connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit and a circuit low pressure return by action of a dispatcher connected to the control device, and the control device comprises a first control channel connected to the distributor, and a second control channel opening into the cylinder of the striking piston and arranged to be put in communication with the In the lower chamber during the raising stroke of the striking piston, the acting step on the steering device is carried out for the predetermined duration of acting on the steering device so as to maintain the communication between the first and the second piston. and second control channels, and the step of operating on the control device performed at the expiration of the predetermined duration of ag ir on the control device so as to isolate the first and second control channels.
Sel on u n mod e d e m ise en œ uvre d e l ' i nvention , l'étape d'agissement sur le dispositif de pilotage réalisée après l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée comprend une étape consistant à alimenter le dispositif de pilotage en fluide haute pression par un canal de liaison pourvu d'un orifice calibré, de manière à déplacer un tiroir que comporte le dispositif de pilotage. Le canal de liaison est par exemple relié à la chambre basse.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of operating on the control device carried out after the expiration of the predetermined duration comprises a step of supplying the control device with high pressure fluid by means of a connecting channel provided with a calibrated orifice, so as to move a drawer that includes the control device. The connecting channel is for example connected to the lower chamber.
La présente invention concerne en outre un appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, comportant :  The present invention further relates to a percussion apparatus powered by an incompressible fluid under pressure, comprising:
- un piston de frappe monté déplaçable de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un cylindre ménagé dans un corps de l'appareil à percussions, et agencé pou r ven ir percuter un outil au cours de chaque cycle de fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions, le piston de frappe et le cylindre délimitant une chambre basse reliée en permanence à un circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression et une chambre haute,  an alternately displaceable plunger located inside a cylinder formed in a body of the percussion apparatus, and arranged to strike a tool during each cycle of operation of the apparatus; percussion, the striking piston and the cylinder delimiting a lower chamber permanently connected to a high-pressure fluid supply circuit and an upper chamber,
- un distributeur agencé pour mettre la chambre haute en relation alternativement avec le circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression et un circuit de retour basse pression,  a distributor arranged to put the upper chamber in alternating relation with the high pressure fluid supply circuit and a low pressure return circuit,
- un dispositif de pilotage agencé pour faire varier la course de frappe du piston de frappe entre une courte course de frappe et une longue course de frappe, et inversement, le dispositif de pilotage comprenant un cylindre, un premier canal de commande débouchant dans le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage et relié au distributeur, et un deuxième canal de commande débouchant dans le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage et dans le cylindre du piston de frappe, le deuxième canal de commande étant agencé pour être mis en communication avec la chambre basse au cours de la course de remontée du piston de frappe, le dispositif de pilotage comprenant en outre un tiroir monté mobile dans le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage entre une première position dans laquelle le tiroir met en communication les premier et deuxième canaux de commande, et une deuxième position dans laquelle le tiroir isole les premier et deuxième canaux de commande, le tiroir et le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage délimitant au moins une première chambre dans laquelle est située une première face du tiroir, et une deuxième chambre dans laquelle est située une deuxième face du tiroir opposée à la première face, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil à percussions comprend :a control device arranged to vary the strike stroke of the striking piston between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke, and vice versa, the steering device comprising a cylinder, a first control channel opening into the cylinder; of the control device and connected to the distributor, and a second control channel opening into the cylinder of the control device and into the cylinder of the striking piston, the second control channel being arranged to be placed in communication with the lower chamber during the raising stroke of the striking piston, the control device further comprising a slide mounted movably in the cylinder of the control device between a first position in which the slide communicates the first and second control channels, and a second position in which the drawer isolates the first and second control channels, the drawer and the cylinder of the driving device defining at least a first chamber in which is located a first face of the drawer, and a second chamber in which is located a second side of the drawer opposite to the first face, characterized in that the percussion apparatus comprises:
- des moyens de rappel agencés pour coopérer avec la première face du tiroir du dispositif de pilotage de manière à solliciter le tiroir vers sa première position, et - return means arranged to cooperate with the first face of the drawer of the control device so as to urge the drawer to its first position, and
- un premier canal de l iaison agencé pour relier la deuxième chambre du dispositif de pilotage au circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression, le premier canal de liaison étant pourvu d'un orifice calibré.  - A first channel iaison arranged to connect the second chamber of the control device to the high pressure fluid supply circuit, the first connecting channel being provided with a calibrated orifice.
Ainsi, lors du démarrage de l'appareil à percussions, la quantité de fluide provenant du circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression et passant par l'orifice calibré est insuffisante pour déplacer le tiroir dans sa deuxième position contre l'action des moyens de rappel. Par conséquent, le tiroir est maintenu dans sa première position, et les premier et deuxième canaux de commande sont rel iés l'un à l'autre. Il en résulte un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une courte course de frappe du piston de frappe.  Thus, when starting the percussion apparatus, the amount of fluid from the high pressure fluid supply circuit and passing through the calibrated orifice is insufficient to move the drawer in its second position against the action of the means of recall. Therefore, the drawer is held in its first position, and the first and second control channels are connected to each other. This results in operation of the percussion apparatus according to a short striking stroke of the striking piston.
A l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée, par exemple de l'ordre de quelques secondes, la quantité de fluide passant par l'orifice calibré est suffisante pour déplacer le tiroir dans sa deuxième position contre l'action des moyens de rappel. Ce déplacement du tiroir provoque l'isolation des premier et deuxième canaux de commande, et de ce fait la commande du fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une longue course de frappe du piston de frappe.  At the expiration of the predetermined time, for example of the order of a few seconds, the amount of fluid passing through the calibrated orifice is sufficient to move the drawer in its second position against the action of the return means. This movement of the drawer causes the isolation of the first and second control channels, and thus the control of the operation of the percussion apparatus according to a long strike stroke of the striking piston.
L'appareil à percussions selon l'invention permet donc d'assurer, au démarrage, un mode de fonctionnement à petite énergie d'impact, ce qui limite les frappes à vide sur l'outil, et donc préserve l'intégrité de ce dernier.  The percussion apparatus according to the invention thus makes it possible to ensure, at start-up, a mode of operation with a small impact energy, which limits the empty strikes on the tool, and thus preserves the integrity of the latter. .
Les moyens de rappel sont avantageusement logés dans la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage.  The return means are advantageously housed in the first chamber of the control device.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier canal de liaison est agencé pour relier la deuxième chambre du dispositif de pilotage à la chambre basse. De préférence, le premier canal de liaison débouche d'une part dans la chambre basse et d'autre part dans la deuxième chambre du dispositif de pilotage. Le premier canal de liaison débouche par exemple dans une première paroi d'extrémité du cylindre du dispositif de pilotage. Le tiroir du dispositif de pilotage comprend avantageusement une gorge annulaire agencée pour mettre en communication les premier et deuxième canaux lorsque le tiroir est dans sa première position. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first connecting channel is arranged to connect the second chamber of the control device to the lower chamber. Preferably, the first connecting channel opens on the one hand into the lower chamber and on the other hand into the second chamber of the control device. The first connecting channel opens for example into a first end wall of the cylinder of the control device. The drawer of the control device advantageously comprises an annular groove arranged to put in communication the first and second channels when the drawer is in its first position.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier canal de commande débouche également dans le cylindre du piston de frappe, et le deuxième canal de commande débouche dans le cylindre du piston de frappe entre le premier canal de commande et la chambre basse.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first control channel also opens into the cylinder of the striking piston, and the second control channel opens into the cylinder of the striking piston between the first control channel and the lower chamber.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier canal de liaison est relié en permanence au circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first connecting channel is permanently connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit.
Selon une première variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'appareil à percussions comprend un deuxième canal de liaison pourvu d'un orifice calibré, le deuxième canal de liaison étant relié en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression et débouchant dans la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage.  According to a first variant embodiment of the invention, the percussion apparatus comprises a second connecting channel provided with a calibrated orifice, the second connecting channel being permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit and opening into the first chamber. of the steering device.
Selon cette première variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'appareil à percussions comprend de façon avantageuse un canal de remplissage relié en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression et débouchant dans la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage. L'extrémité du canal de remplissage débouchant dans la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage peut par exemple être agencée pour être obturée par le tiroir du dispositif de pilotage lorsque le tiroir est dans sa deuxième position.  According to this first embodiment of the invention, the percussion apparatus advantageously comprises a filling channel permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit and opening into the first chamber of the control device. The end of the filling channel opening into the first chamber of the control device may for example be arranged to be closed by the drawer of the control device when the drawer is in its second position.
Selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'appareil à percussions comprend un deuxième canal de liaison débouchant d'une part dans la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage et d'autre part à l'extérieur de l'appareil à percussions.  According to a second variant embodiment of the invention, the percussion apparatus comprises a second connecting channel opening on the one hand into the first chamber of the control device and on the other hand outside the percussion apparatus. .
Selon cette deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention, le tiroir et le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage délimitent préférentiellement en outre une chambre annulaire reliée au circuit de retour basse pression.  According to this second embodiment of the invention, the drawer and the cylinder of the control device preferably further define an annular chamber connected to the low pressure return circuit.
Selon cette deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention, le tiroir peut comprendre un passage débouchant respectivement dans les première et deuxième chambres du dispositif de pilotage.  According to this second embodiment of the invention, the drawer may comprise a passage opening respectively into the first and second chambers of the control device.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de pilotage comprend en outre un premier canal de raccordement relié au premier canal de commande, un deuxième canal de raccordement relié au deuxième canal de commande, et un organe de distribution mobile entre une première position dans laquelle l'organe de distribution met en communication les premier et deuxième canaux de raccordement, et une deuxième position dans laquelle l'organe de distribution isole les premier et deuxième canaux de raccordement. According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device further comprises a first connection channel connected to the first control channel, a second connection channel connected to the second control channel, and a mobile distribution member between a first position wherein the dispensing member communicates the first and second connecting channels, and a second position in which the dispensing member isolates the first and second connecting channels.
Avantageusement, au moins l'un des orifices calibré de l'appareil à percussions est formé par un gicleur. De préférence, l'orifice calibré du premier canal de liaison est formé par un gicleur.  Advantageously, at least one of the calibrated orifices of the percussion apparatus is formed by a nozzle. Preferably, the calibrated orifice of the first connecting channel is formed by a nozzle.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'appareil à percussion comprend une chambre de freinage disposée dans le prolongement de la chambre basse, et susceptible d'être fermée par un épaulement du piston lorsque le piston de frappe dépasse sa position théorique de frappe.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the percussion apparatus comprises a braking chamber arranged in the extension of the lower chamber, and capable of being closed by a shoulder of the piston when the striking piston exceeds its theoretical position of hit.
De toute façon l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, plusieurs formes d'exécution de cet appareil à percussions.  In any case the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the attached schematic drawing showing, by way of non-limiting examples, several embodiments of this percussion apparatus.
Figures 1 à 3 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'un appareil hydraulique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention dans différentes positions d'utilisation.  Figures 1 to 3 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
Figures 4 à 6 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'un appareil hydraul ique selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention dans différentes positions d'utilisation.  Figures 4 to 6 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
Figures 7 à 9 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'un appareil hydraulique selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention dans différentes positions d'utilisation.  Figures 7 to 9 are longitudinal sectional views of a hydraulic apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention in different positions of use.
F igu re 1 0 est u ne vue en coupe longitudinale d'un appareil hydraulique selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
L'appareil hydraulique à percussions représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 comprend un piston de frappe 1 étagé monté coulissant de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un cylindre 2 ménagé dans un corps 3 de l'appareil. Au cours de chaque cycle de fonctionnement, le piston de frappe 1 est destiné à venir frapper contre l'extrémité supérieure d'un outil 4 monté coulissant dans un alésage 5 ménagé dans le corps 3 coaxialement au cylindre 2.  The hydraulic percussion apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a stepped striking piston 1 slidably mounted alternately within a cylinder 2 formed in a body 3 of the apparatus. During each operating cycle, the striking piston 1 is intended to strike against the upper end of a tool 4 slidably mounted in a bore 5 formed in the body 3 coaxially with the cylinder 2.
Le piston de frappe 1 et le cylindre 2 délimitent une chambre basse 6 annulaire et une chambre haute 7 de section plus importante ménagée au dessus du piston de frappe 1 .  The striking piston 1 and the cylinder 2 define an annular lower chamber 6 and an upper chamber 7 of larger section formed above the striking piston 1.
L'appareil à percussions comprend en outre un distributeur principal 8 monté dans le corps 3 agencé pour mettre la chambre haute 7, alternativement en relation avec un circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression 9 lors de la course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 , ou avec un circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 lors de la course de remontée du piston de frappe 1 , com me montré à l a fig u re 1 . La chambre basse 6 est alimentée en permanence en fluide sous haute pression par un canal 12, de manière à ce que chaque position du distributeur 8 provoque la course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 , puis la course de remontée. Avantageusement, le canal 12 peut être relié à un accumulateur 13. The percussion apparatus further comprises a main distributor 8 mounted in the body 3 arranged to put the upper chamber 7, alternatively in connection with a high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9 during the strike stroke of the striking piston 1, or with a low-pressure return circuit 11 during the up stroke of the striking piston 1, as shown in fig 1. The lower chamber 6 is continuously supplied with fluid under high pressure by a channel 12, so that each position of the distributor 8 causes the strike stroke of the striking piston 1, then the lift stroke. Advantageously, the channel 12 can be connected to an accumulator 13.
Le piston de frappe 1 délimite également avec le cylindre 2, une chambre annu laire 14, appelée chambre de freinage, ménagée dans le prolongement de la chambre basse 6 et alimentée en fluide sous haute pression par cette dernière. La chambre de freinage permet, par le principe du DASH POT, de dissiper l'énergie de frappe du piston de frappe 1 lorsque l'outil 4 n'est pas à proximité de sa position théorique de fonctionnement, c'est-à-dire en appui sur la partie conique 15 du corps 3.  The striking piston 1 also defines, with the cylinder 2, an annular chamber 14, called the braking chamber, formed in the extension of the lower chamber 6 and supplied with fluid under high pressure by the latter. The braking chamber allows, by the principle of the DASH POT, to dissipate the striking energy of the striking piston 1 when the tool 4 is not close to its theoretical operating position, that is to say resting on the conical portion 15 of the body 3.
L'appareil à percussions comprend également un dispositif de pilotage 16 agencé pour faire varier la course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 entre u n e cou rte cou rse d e frappe et u n e long ue cou rse de fra ppe et inversement. Le dispositif de pilotage 16 comprend un tiroir 17 monté dans un cylindre 18 ménagé dans le corps 3 et dans lequel débouchent, décalés axialement, deux canaux de commande 19 et 21 débouchant également dans le cylindre 2 du piston de frappe 1 . Le canal de commande 19 est relié à une section de pilotage du distributeur principal 8 par l'intermédiaire d'une gorge annulaire 22 et d'un canal 23. Le canal de commande 21 débouche dans le cylindre 2 entre la chambre basse 6 et le canal de commande 1 9, et sert à commander la courte course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 . Le canal de commande 2 1 est pl u s pa rti cu l i è re m e nt ag en cé po u r être mis en communication avec la chambre basse 6 au cours de la course de remontée du piston de frappe 1 , comme cela est montré sur la figure 2.  The percussion apparatus also comprises a control device 16 arranged to vary the strike stroke of the striking piston 1 between a neck stroke stroke and a long neck stroke and vice versa. The control device 16 comprises a slide 17 mounted in a cylinder 18 formed in the body 3 and into which, axially offset, two control channels 19 and 21 open out into the cylinder 2 of the striking piston 1. The control channel 19 is connected to a control section of the main distributor 8 via an annular groove 22 and a channel 23. The control channel 21 opens into the cylinder 2 between the lower chamber 6 and the control channel 1 9, and serves to control the short strike stroke of the striking piston 1. The control channel 21 is more particularly suitable for being placed in communication with the lower chamber 6 during the raising stroke of the striking piston 1, as shown in FIG. figure 2.
Le tiroir 17 comprend une gorge 24 et est mobile entre une première position (montrée sur la figure 1 ) dans laquelle la gorge 24 met en communication les canaux de commande 1 9, 21 , et une deuxième position (montrée su r la figu re 3) dans laquelle la gorge 24 isole les canaux de commande 19, 21 .  The slide 17 comprises a groove 24 and is movable between a first position (shown in FIG. 1) in which the groove 24 puts the control channels 1 9, 21 into communication with a second position (shown in FIG. 3). ) in which the groove 24 isolates the control channels 19, 21.
Le tiroir 17 et le cylindre 1 8 du dispositif de pilotage 1 6 délimitent une première chambre 25 dans laquelle est située une première face du tiroir 17, et une deuxième chambre 26 dans laquelle est située une deuxième face du tiroir 17 opposée à la première face. The drawer 17 and the cylinder 1 8 of the control device 1 6 delimit a first chamber 25 in which is located a first side of the drawer 17, and a second chamber 26 in which is located a second face of the drawer 17 opposite the first face.
La première chambre 25 loge un ressort de rappel 27 agencé pour coopérer avec la première face du tiroir 17 de manière à solliciter ce dernier vers sa première position. La première chambre 25 est reliée en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 par un premier canal de l iaison 28 pourvu d'un orifice calibré 29, et un deuxième canal de liaison 31 débouchant également dans le cylindre 2 du piston de frappe. Le premier canal de liaison 28 débouche avantageusement dans une première paroi d'extrémité du cylindre 18. L'appareil à percussions comprend de préférence également un canal de rempl issage 32 rel ié en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 par l'intermédiaire du canal de liaison 31 et débouchant dans la première chambre 25 du dispositif de pilotage. Comme montré sur la figure 3, l'extrémité du canal de remplissage 32 débouchant dans la première chambre 25 du dispositif de pilotage est agencée pour être obturée par le tiroir 17 lorsque ce dernier est dans sa deuxième position, et pour être libérée lorsque le tiroir est dans sa première position.  The first chamber 25 houses a return spring 27 arranged to cooperate with the first face of the slide 17 so as to bias the latter towards its first position. The first chamber 25 is permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1 by a first channel of the season 28 provided with a calibrated orifice 29, and a second connecting channel 31 also opening into the cylinder 2 of the striking piston. The first connecting channel 28 advantageously opens into a first end wall of the cylinder 18. The percussion apparatus preferably also comprises a filling channel 32 permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1 via connecting channel 31 and opening into the first chamber 25 of the control device. As shown in Figure 3, the end of the filling channel 32 opening into the first chamber 25 of the control device is arranged to be closed by the drawer 17 when the latter is in its second position, and to be released when the drawer is in his first position.
La deuxième chambre 26 est reliée à la chambre basse 6 par un canal de l iaison 33 pourvu d'un orifice calibré 34. Le canal de liaison 33 débouche d'une part dans la deuxième chambre 26, et d'autre part dans une deuxième paroi d'extrémité du cylindre 18 du dispositif de pilotage.  The second chamber 26 is connected to the lower chamber 6 by a channel 33 connected with a calibrated orifice 34. The connecting channel 33 opens on the one hand into the second chamber 26, and secondly into a second end wall of the cylinder 18 of the steering device.
Le piston de frappe 1 comporte une gorge annulaire 35 dans sa partie supérieure, et permet d'établir, lorsqu'il se trouve en appui sur l'outil 4, une communication entre le circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 et le canal 23 par l'intermédiaire du canal 31 et de la gorge annulaire 35.  The striking piston 1 comprises an annular groove 35 in its upper part, and makes it possible to establish, when it is resting on the tool 4, a communication between the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 and the channel 23 by through the channel 31 and the annular groove 35.
Pour la suite de la description, il est admis, à titre d'exemple, que le distributeur 8 est animé d'un mouvement de montée lorsque le canal 23 est relié au circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 , et d'un mouvement de descente lorsque le canal 23 est relié au circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression 9. Ainsi, le canal 23 permet de piloter les mouvements du distributeur 8.  For the following description, it is accepted, for example, that the distributor 8 is driven by a rising movement when the channel 23 is connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1, and a movement of downstream when the channel 23 is connected to the high-pressure fluid supply circuit 9. Thus, the channel 23 makes it possible to control the movements of the distributor 8.
Le fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions va maintenant être décrit en considérant que l'état initial de ce dernier est celui représenté à la figure 1 , dans laquelle le distributeur 8 est position haute et le piston de frappe 1 est en position basse.  The operation of the percussion apparatus will now be described considering that the initial state of the latter is that shown in Figure 1, wherein the distributor 8 is high position and the striking piston 1 is in the low position.
Lors du démarrage de l'appareil à percussions, du fluide sous pression circule dans le circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression 9, et alimente la chambre basse 6 et la deuxième chambre 26 par l'intermédiaire du canal de liaison 33. La résultante des forces appliquées au piston de frappe 1 fait alors remonter ce dernier, puisque la chambre haute 7 est reliée au circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 . Le tiroir 1 7 est cependant maintenu dans sa première position représentée à la figure 1 , par l'action du ressort 27 et du fait de la présence de l'orifice calibré 34. When starting the percussion apparatus, pressurized fluid circulates in the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9, and feeds the lower chamber 6 and the second chamber 26 via the connecting channel 33. The resultant forces applied to the striking piston 1 then causes the latter, since the upper chamber 7 is connected to the low pressure return circuit 1 1. The drawer 1 7 is however maintained in its first position shown in Figure 1, by the action of the spring 27 and due to the presence of the calibrated orifice 34.
Au cours de la remontée du piston de frappe 1 , dès qu'une arête inférieure 36 du piston de frappe 1 atteint le débouché du canal de commande 21 (voir la figure 2), la haute pression, présente dans la chambre basse 6, s'établie également dans le canal de commande 21 , qui est relié au canal 23 par la gorge annulaire 24, le canal de commande 19 et la gorge annulaire 22. Le distributeur 8 est alors déplacé vers le bas, ce qui provoque une mise en communication de la chambre haute 7 avec le circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression 9. La résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant sur le piston de frappe provoque l'arrêt de la remontée du piston de frappe, et une accélération de ce dernier pour une courte course de frappe.  During the ascent of the striking piston 1, as soon as a lower edge 36 of the striking piston 1 reaches the outlet of the control channel 21 (see FIG. 2), the high pressure present in the lower chamber 6, is also established in the control channel 21, which is connected to the channel 23 by the annular groove 24, the control channel 19 and the annular groove 22. The distributor 8 is then moved downwards, which causes a communication of the upper chamber 7 with the high pressure fluid supply circuit 9. The resultant hydraulic forces applying to the striking piston causes the stop of the recovery of the striking piston, and an acceleration of the latter for a short stroke of typing.
Lorsque le piston de frappe 1 percute l'outil 4, la gorge annulaire 35 du piston de frappe 1 met en communication le canal 23 avec le circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 par l'intermédiaire du canal 31 . Le distributeur 8 est alors déplacé vers le haut (voir la figure 1 ), ce qui provoque une mise en communication de la chambre haute 7 avec le circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 . La résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant sur le piston de frappe 1 provoque ainsi une remontée de ce dernier.  When the striking piston 1 hits the tool 4, the annular groove 35 of the striking piston 1 puts the channel 23 into communication with the low-pressure return circuit 11 via the channel 31. The distributor 8 is then moved upwards (see FIG. 1), which causes the upper chamber 7 to communicate with the low-pressure return circuit 11. The resultant hydraulic forces applying to the striking piston 1 thus causes a recovery of the latter.
A l'expiration d'une durée prédéterminée, par exemple de l'ordre de quelques secondes, la quantité de fluide passant par l'orifice calibré 34 est suffisante pour déplacer le tiroir 17 dans sa deuxième position contre l'action du ressort 27. Lors de ce déplacement du tiroir 17, l'huile présente dans la première chambre 25 est évacuée en direction du circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 via le canal de liaison 28 et l'orifice calibré 29. Ce déplacement du tiroir 1 7 provoque également l'isolation des canaux de commande 19, 21 , comme cela est montré sur la figure 3.  At the expiration of a predetermined time, for example of the order of a few seconds, the quantity of fluid passing through the calibrated orifice 34 is sufficient to move the slide 17 in its second position against the action of the spring 27. During this movement of the slide 17, the oil present in the first chamber 25 is discharged towards the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 via the connecting channel 28 and the calibrated orifice 29. This movement of the slide 1 7 also causes the isolation of the control channels 19, 21, as shown in FIG.
Ainsi, le piston de frappe 1 doit alors nécessairement remonter jusqu'à ce que l'arête 36 atteigne la position de la gorge annulaire 22 pour que la haute pression, présente dans la chambre basse 6, s'établisse également dans le canal 23, et provoque un déplacement du distributeur 8 vers sa position basse de façon à mettre en relation la cham bre haute 7 avec l e circu it d'alimentation 9. De façon connue, l'accumulateur 12 maintient une pression élevée dans la chambre haute 7 pendant cette accélération brutale du piston de frappe 1 . Thus, the striking piston 1 must then go up until the edge 36 reaches the position of the annular groove 22 so that the high pressure, present in the lower chamber 6, is also established in the channel 23, and causes the distributor 8 to move towards its lower position so as to relate the upper chamber 7 to the circu it 9. Known manner, the accumulator 12 maintains a high pressure in the upper chamber 7 during the sudden acceleration of the striking piston 1.
Tant que l'appareil à percussions reste en marche, une pression importante est maintenue dans la deuxième chambre 26, et le tiroir 17 est de fait également maintenu dans sa deuxième position. L'isolation des canaux de commande 19, 21 permet par conséquent de commander le fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une longue course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 .  As long as the percussion apparatus remains in operation, a significant pressure is maintained in the second chamber 26, and the drawer 17 is in fact also maintained in its second position. The isolation of the control channels 19, 21 thus makes it possible to control the operation of the percussion apparatus according to a long striking stroke of the striking piston 1.
II doit être noté que la durée prédéterminée pour autoriser un déplacement du tiroir 1 7 de sa première position vers sa deuxième position peut être réglée par exemple en ajustant les diamètres des orifices calibrés 29, 34.  It should be noted that the predetermined time to allow a movement of the drawer 1 7 from its first position to its second position can be adjusted for example by adjusting the diameters of the calibrated orifices 29, 34.
Au moment de l'arrêt de l'appareil à percussions, la chambre basse 6 , l e ca n a l d e l i a i so n 33 et l a d eux i èm e ch a m bre 26 notamment se décompriment. Le tiroir 17 est alors sollicité vers sa première position par le ressort 27, ce qui assure une communication entre les canaux de commande 1 9, 21 lors du prochain démarrage de l'appareil à percussions, et donc un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une courte course de frappe d u p i sto n d e fra p pe 1 pendant la du rée prédéterm inée. Le canal de remplissage 32 assure quant à lu i un rempl issage en flu ide de la première chambre 25 dans laquelle se trouve le ressort 27.  When the percussion apparatus is stopped, the lower chamber 6, the air chamber 33, and the air chamber 26 in particular are decompressed. The drawer 17 is then biased towards its first position by the spring 27, which ensures communication between the control channels 1 9, 21 at the next start of the percussion apparatus, and therefore an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a short stroking stroke dupi sto nde fra ppe 1 during the predetermined period. The filling channel 32 provides a fluid filling of the first chamber 25 in which the spring 27 is located.
Les figures 4 à 6 représentent un appareil à percussions selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui diffère de celui représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 essentiellement en ce que la première chambre 25 est reliée à l'air libre par un canal de liaison 41 débouchant d'une part dans la première chambre 25 et d'autre part à l'extérieur du corps 3 de l'appareil à percussions.  FIGS. 4 to 6 show a percussion apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the first chamber 25 is connected to the open air by a channel of FIG. link 41 opening on the one hand in the first chamber 25 and on the other hand outside the body 3 of the percussion apparatus.
L'appareil à percussions selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation fonctionne sensiblement de la même manière que celui représenté sur les figures 1 à 3. Au démarrage, comme représenté sur la figure 4, le tiroir 17, poussé par le ressort 27, se trouve dans sa première position dans laquelle la gorge annulaire 24 relie les canaux de commande 1 9, 21 . Pendant quelques secondes, l'appareil à percussion fonctionne alors en petite course de frappe, comme représenté sur la figure 5. Après ces quelques secondes, comme représenté sur la figure 6, le fluide sous pression dans le canal de liaison 33, passe à travers l'orifice calibré 34, et repousse progressivement le tiroir 17, contre l'action du ressort 27. De la même façon que précédemment, ceci provoque un fonctionnement en longue course du piston de frappe 1 jusqu'à ce que l'alimentation de l'appareil à percussion soit interrompue. Il doit être noté que la vidange et le rempl issage de la première chambre 25, autorisant les déplacements du tiroir 1 7 dernier entre ses première et deuxième positions, sont réalisés par l'intermédiaire du canal de liaison 41 . The percussion apparatus according to this second embodiment operates in substantially the same manner as that shown in Figures 1 to 3. At startup, as shown in Figure 4, the drawer 17, pushed by the spring 27, is in its first position in which the annular groove 24 connects the control channels 1 9, 21. For a few seconds, the percussion apparatus then operates in a short stroke, as shown in FIG. 5. After these few seconds, as shown in FIG. 6, the fluid under pressure in the connecting channel 33 passes through the calibrated orifice 34, and progressively pushes the drawer 17, against the action of the spring 27. In the same manner as before, this causes a long stroke operation of the striking piston 1 until the power supply of the percussion apparatus is interrupted. It should be noted that the emptying and filling of the first chamber 25, allowing the last drawer 17 to move between its first and second positions, is made via the connecting channel 41.
Les figures 7 à 9 représentent un appareil à percussions selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui diffère de celui représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 essentiellement en ce que le tiroir 17 et le cylindre 18 du dispositif de pilotage délimitent en outre une chambre annulaire 42 reliée au circuit de retour basse pression 1 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un canal de liaison 43 et d u ca na l d e l ia ison 31 , et en ce q ue l e ti ro i r com prend u n passage longitudinal 44 débouchant respectivement dans les première et deuxième chambres 25, 26 du dispositif de pilotage.  FIGS. 7 to 9 show a percussion apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the slide 17 and the cylinder 18 of the piloting device further delimit a annular chamber 42 connected to the low-pressure return circuit 1 1 via a connecting channel 43 and ca na ldel ia ison 31, and in that the t ir ro com includes a longitudinal passage 44 opening respectively in the first and second chambers 25, 26 of the control device.
L'appareil à percussions selon ce troisième mode de réalisation fonctionne sensiblement de la même manière que celui représenté sur les figures 1 à 3. Comme montré sur la figure 8, le tiroir 17 reste pendant une durée prédéterminée dans sa prem ière position dans laquelle la gorge annulaire 24 du ti ro ir 17 relie les canaux de commande 19, 21 pour un fonctionnement en courte course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 . A l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée, le fluide sous pression dans le canal de liaison 33, passe à travers l'orifice calibré 34, et repousse progressivement le tiroir 17 vers sa deuxième position, contre l'action du ressort 27. Lors de ce déplacement du tiroir 1 7, la chambre annulaire 42 reste reliée au circu it de retou r basse pression 1 1 , et le fluide contenu dans la première chambre 25 reflue, par le passage longitudinal 44, vers la deuxième chambre 26.  The percussion apparatus according to this third embodiment operates in essentially the same manner as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 8, the drawer 17 remains for a predetermined duration in its first position in which the The annular groove 24 of the rotor 17 connects the control channels 19, 21 for operation in short strike stroke of the striking piston 1. At the expiration of the predetermined time, the fluid under pressure in the connecting channel 33, passes through the calibrated orifice 34, and progressively pushes the slide 17 to its second position, against the action of the spring 27. When this displacement of the slide 1 7, the annular chamber 42 remains connected to the low pressure retur r 11 1, and the fluid contained in the first chamber 25 flows, through the longitudinal passage 44, to the second chamber 26.
La figure 10 représente un appareil à percussions selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui diffère de celui représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 essentiellement en ce que le dispositif de pilotage comprend en outre un canal de raccordement 51 relié au canal de commande 1 9, un canal de raccordement 52 relié au canal de commande 21 , et un organe de distribution 53 mobile entre une première position dans laquelle l'organe de distribution 53 met en communication les canaux de raccordement 51 , 52, et une deuxième position dans laquelle l'organe de d istribution 53 isole les canaux de raccordement 51 , 52. L'organe de distribution 53 est plus particulièrement agencé pour être déplacé entre ses première et deuxième positions en fonction de la dureté du matériau à démolir. L'appareil à percussions comprend par exemple des moyens de commande agencés pour commander les déplacements de l'organe de distribution 53 entre ses première et deuxième positions. FIG. 10 shows a percussion apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 essentially in that the control device further comprises a connection channel 51 connected to the control channel 1 9, a connecting channel 52 connected to the control channel 21, and a dispensing member 53 movable between a first position in which the dispenser member 53 communicates the connection channels 51, 52, and a second position in which the allocator 53 isolates the connecting channels 51, 52. The dispensing member 53 is more particularly arranged to be moved between its first and second positions depending on the hardness of the material to be demolished. The percussion apparatus comprises for example control means arranged to control the movements of the dispensing member 53 between its first and second positions.
Au démarrage, le tiroir 17 est, comme précédemment, dans sa première position dans laquelle la gorge annulaire 24 du tiroir 17 relie les canaux de commande 19, 21 pour un fonctionnement en courte course de frappe du piston de frappe 1 . Puis, à l'expiration d'une durée prédéterminée par l'ajustement de l'orifice calibré 34, le tiroir 17 se déplace dans sa deuxième position et coupe la communication entre les canaux de commande 19, 21 . L'appareil à percussions peut alors fonctionner en courte ou longue course de frappe en fonction de la dureté du matériau à démolir, et plus particulièrement de la position de l'organe de distribution.  At startup, the drawer 17 is, as previously, in its first position in which the annular groove 24 of the slide 17 connects the control channels 19, 21 for operation in short striking stroke of the striking piston 1. Then, at the expiration of a predetermined time by adjusting the calibrated orifice 34, the slide 17 moves to its second position and cuts the communication between the control channels 19, 21. The percussion apparatus can then operate in short or long stroke depending on the hardness of the material to be demolished, and more particularly the position of the dispenser member.
Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de cet appareil à percussions, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes de réalisation.  As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this percussion apparatus, described above as examples, it encompasses all the variants.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé de commutation de la course de frappe d'un piston de frappe (1 ) d'un appareil à percussions, mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, entre une courte course de frappe et une longue course de frappe, et inversement, le piston de frappe (1 ) étant déplaçable de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un cylindre (2) d'un corps (3) de l'appareil à percussions et étant agencé pour venir, au cours de chaque cycle de fonctionnement, percuter un outil (4), l'appareil à percussions comprenant un dispositif de pilotage (16) agencé pour faire varier la course de frappe du piston de frappe (1 ) entre les cou rte et long ue cou rses d e frappe, le procédé de commutation étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : 1. A method of switching the striking stroke of a striking piston (1) of a percussion apparatus, driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke, and vice versa, the piston (1) being alternately movable inside a cylinder (2) of a body (3) of the percussion apparatus and being arranged to come, during each operating cycle, to strike a tool (4), the percussion apparatus comprising a control device (16) arranged to vary the striking stroke of the striking piston (1) between the neck and long striking necks, the switching method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- mettre en marche l'appareil à percussions,  - start the percussion apparatus,
- ag ir sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) de man ière à imposer un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une courte course de frappe pendant une durée prédéterminée à partir de la mise en marche de l'appareil , et  acting on the control device (16) so as to impose an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a short striking stroke for a predetermined duration from the start of the apparatus, and
- agir sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) de manière à autoriser, après l'expiration de la d urée prédéterminée, un fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions selon une longue course de frappe.  - act on the control device (16) so as to allow, after the expiry of the predetermined urea, an operation of the percussion apparatus according to a long stroke.
2. Procédé de commutation selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le piston de frappe (1 ) et le cylindre (2) délimitent au moins une chambre basse (6) reliée en permanence à un circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression (9) et une chambre haute (7) mise en relation alternativement avec le circuit d'al imentation en flu ide haute pression (9) et un circu it de retour basse pression (1 1 ) par action d'un distributeur (8) relié au dispositif de pilotage (16), et dans lequel le dispositif de pilotage (16) comprend un premier canal de commande (19) relié au distributeur (8), et un deuxième canal de commande (21 ) débouchant dans le cylindre (2) du piston de frappe (1 ) et agencé pour être mis en communication avec la chambre basse (6) au cours de la course de remontée du piston de frappe, l'étape d'agissement sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) réalisée pendant la durée prédéterminée consistant à agir sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) de manière à maintenir la communication entre les premier et deuxième canaux de commande (1 9, 21 ), et l'étape d'agissement su r l e d i spos itif de p i lotag e (16) réalisée à l 'expi ration d e la durée prédéterminée consistant à agir sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) de manière à isoler les premier et deuxième canaux de commande (19, 21 ). 2. Switching method according to claim 1, wherein the striking piston (1) and the cylinder (2) define at least one low chamber (6) permanently connected to a high pressure fluid supply circuit (9). and an upper chamber (7) alternately connected to the high pressure fluid supply circuit (9) and a low pressure return flow (1 1) by the action of a distributor (8) connected to the device control device (16), and wherein the control device (16) comprises a first control channel (19) connected to the distributor (8), and a second control channel (21) opening into the cylinder (2) of the piston of striking (1) and arranged to be placed in communication with the lower chamber (6) during the raising stroke of the striking piston, the step of acting on the control device (16) carried out for the predetermined duration acting on the steering device (16) so as to maintain the mmunication between the first and second control channels (1 9, 21), and the step of acting on the spatio ther of pi lotag e (16) performed at the expi ration of the duration predetermined manner of acting on the control device (16) so as to isolate the first and second control channels (19, 21).
3. Procédé de commutation selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'étape d'agissement sur le dispositif de pilotage (16) réalisée après l'expiration de la durée prédéterminée comprend une étape consistant à alimenter le dispositif de pilotage (16) en fluide haute pression par un canal de liaison (33) pourvu d'un orifice cal ibré (34), de man ière à déplacer u n tiroir (17) que comporte le dispositif de pilotage. 3. Switching method according to claim 2, wherein the step of action on the control device (16) performed after the expiration of the predetermined duration comprises a step of supplying the control device (16) fluid high pressure by a connecting channel (33) provided with a caliber orifice (34), so as to move a drawer (17) that comprises the control device.
4. Appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, comportant : 4. Percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, comprising:
- un piston de frappe (1 ) monté déplaçable de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un cylindre (2) ménagé dans un corps (3) de l'appareil à percussions, et agencé pour venir percuter un outil (4) au cours de chaque cycle de fonctionnement de l'appareil à percussions, le piston de frappe (1 ) et le cylindre (2) délimitant une chambre basse (6) reliée en permanence à un circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression (9) et une chambre haute (7),  - a striking piston (1) mounted alternately movable inside a cylinder (2) formed in a body (3) of the percussion apparatus, and arranged to strike a tool (4) during each operating cycle of the percussion apparatus, the striking piston (1) and the cylinder (2) delimiting a lower chamber (6) permanently connected to a high pressure fluid supply circuit (9) and a high room (7),
- un distributeur (8) agencé pour mettre la chambre haute (7) en relation alternativement avec le circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression a distributor (8) arranged to put the upper chamber (7) in alternating relation with the high-pressure fluid supply circuit
(9) et un circuit de retour basse pression (1 1 ), (9) and a low pressure return circuit (1 1),
- un dispositif de pilotage (16) agencé pour faire varier la course de frappe du piston de frappe (1 ) entre une courte course de frappe et une longue course de frappe, et inversement, le dispositif de pilotage (16) comprenant un cylindre (18), un premier canal de commande (19) débouchant dans le cylindre (18) du dispositif de pilotage et relié au distributeur (8), et un deuxième canal de commande (21 ) débouchant dans le cylindre (18) du dispositif de pilotage et dans le cylindre (2) du piston de frappe (1 ), le deuxième canal de commande (21 ) étant agencé pour être mis en communication avec la chambre basse (6) au cours de la course de remontée du piston de frappe (1 ), le dispositif de pilotage comprenant en outre un tiroir (17) monté mobile dans le cylindre (18) du dispositif de pilotage entre une première position dans laquelle le tiroir (17) met en communication les premier et deuxième canaux de commande (19, 21 ), et une deuxième position dans laquelle le tiroir (17) isole les premier et deuxième canaux de commande (1 9, 21 ), le tiroir (17) et le cylindre (18) du dispositif de pilotage dél im itant au moins une première chambre (25) dans laquelle est située une première face du tiroir (17), et une deuxième chambre (26) dans laquelle est située une deuxième face du tiroir (17) opposée à la première face, a driving device (16) arranged to vary the stroke stroke of the striking piston (1) between a short striking stroke and a long striking stroke, and vice versa, the steering device (16) comprising a cylinder ( 18), a first control channel (19) opening into the cylinder (18) of the control device and connected to the distributor (8), and a second control channel (21) opening into the cylinder (18) of the control device and in the cylinder (2) of the striking piston (1), the second control channel (21) being arranged to be placed in communication with the lower chamber (6) during the up stroke of the striking piston (1 ), the control device further comprising a slide (17) movably mounted in the cylinder (18) of the control device between a first position in which the slide (17) communicates the first and second control channels (19, 21), and a second position in which the drawer ( 17) isolates the first and second control channels (1 9, 21), the drawer (17) and the cylinder (18) of the control device delimiting at least a first chamber (25) in which is located a first face of the slide (17), and a second chamber (26) in which is located a second face of the slide (17) opposite to the first face,
caractérisé en ce que l'appareil à percussions comprend : - des moyens de rappel (27) agencés pour coopérer avec la première face du tiroir (17) du dispositif de pilotage de manière à solliciter le tiroir vers sa première position, et  characterized in that the percussion apparatus comprises: - return means (27) arranged to cooperate with the first face of the drawer (17) of the driving device so as to urge the drawer to its first position, and
- un premier canal de liaison (33) agencé pour relier la deuxième chambre (26) du dispositif de pilotage au circuit d'alimentation en fluide haute pression (9), le premier canal de liaison (33) étant pourvu d'un orifice calibré (34).  a first connecting channel (33) arranged to connect the second chamber (26) of the control device to the high pressure fluid supply circuit (9), the first connecting channel (33) being provided with a calibrated orifice (34).
5. Appareil à percussions selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le premier canal de liaison (33) est agencé pour relier la deuxième chambre (26) du dispositif de pilotage à la chambre basse (6). A percussion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first connecting channel (33) is arranged to connect the second chamber (26) of the driving device to the lower chamber (6).
6. Appareil à percussions selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le premier canal de liaison (33) débouche d'une part dans la chambre basse (6) et d'autre part dans la deuxième chambre (26) du dispositif de pilotage. 6. percussion apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first connecting channel (33) opens on the one hand in the lower chamber (6) and secondly in the second chamber (26) of the control device.
7. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel le tiroir (17) du dispositif de pilotage comprend une gorge annulaire (24) agencée pour mettre en communication les premier et deuxième canaux (19, 21 ) lorsque le tiroir (17) est dans sa première position. Percussion apparatus according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the slide (17) of the control device comprises an annular groove (24) arranged to communicate the first and second channels (19, 21) when the drawer (17) is in its first position.
8. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel le premier canal de commande (19) débouche également dans le cylindre (2) du piston de frappe (1 ), et le deuxième canal de commande (21 ) débouche dans le cylindre (2) du piston de frappe (1 ) entre le premier canal de commande (19) et la chambre basse (6). Percussion apparatus according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the first control channel (19) also opens into the cylinder (2) of the striking piston (1) and the second control channel (21). opens into the cylinder (2) of the striking piston (1) between the first control channel (19) and the lower chamber (6).
9. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, lequel comprend un deuxième canal de liaison (28) pourvu d'un orifice calibré (29), le deuxième canal de liaison (28) étant relié en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression (1 1 ) et débouchant dans la première chambre (25) du dispositif de pilotage. 9. Percussion apparatus according to one of claims 4 to 8, which comprises a second connecting channel (28) provided with a calibrated orifice (29), the second connecting channel (28) being permanently connected to the circuit of low pressure return (1 1) and opening into the first chamber (25) of the control device.
10. Appareil à percussions selon la revendication 9, lequel comprend un canal de rempl issage (32) relié en permanence au circuit de retour basse pression (1 1 ) et débouchant dans la première chambre (25) du dispositif de pilotage. 10. Percussion apparatus according to claim 9, which comprises a filling channel (32) permanently connected to the low pressure return circuit (1 1) and opening into the first chamber (25) of the control device.
1 1 . Appareil à percussions selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'extrémité du canal de remplissage (32) débouchant dans la première chambre (25) du dispositif de pilotage est agencée pour être obturée par le tiroir (17) du dispositif de pilotage lorsque le tiroir (17) est dans sa deuxième position. 1 1. Percussion apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the end of the filling channel (32) opening into the first chamber (25) of the control device is arranged to be closed by the drawer (17) of the control device when the drawer (17) is in its second position.
12. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, lequel comprend un deuxième canal de liaison (43) débouchant d'une part dans la première chambre (25) du d ispositif de pilotage et d'autre part à l'extérieur de l'appareil à percussions. 12. Apparatus percussion according to one of claims 4 to 8, which comprises a second connecting channel (43) opening on the one hand in the first chamber (25) of the d ispositif pilotage and secondly to the outside the percussion apparatus.
13. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, dans lequel le tiroir et le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage délimitent en outre une chambre annulaire reliée au circuit de retour basse pression. 13. Apparatus percussion according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the drawer and the cylinder of the control device further define an annular chamber connected to the low pressure return circuit.
14. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8 ou la revend ication 13, dans leq uel le tiroir (17) comprend un passage (44) débouchant respectivement dans les première et deuxième chambres (25, 26) du dispositif de pilotage. 14. Percussion apparatus according to one of claims 4 to 8 or revendication 13, wherein le drawer (17) comprises a passage (44) opening respectively in the first and second chambers (25, 26) of the device piloting.
15. Appareil à percussions selon l'une des revendications 4 à 14, dans lequel le dispositif de pilotage (16) comprend en outre un premier canal de raccordement (51 ) relié au premier canal de commande (19), un deuxième canal de raccordement (52) relié au deuxième canal de commande (21 ), et un organe de distribution (53) mobile entre une première position dans laquelle l'organe de distribution (53) met en communication les premier et deuxième canaux de raccordement (51 , 52), et une deuxième position dans laquelle l'organe de d istribution (53) isole les prem ier et deuxième cana ux de raccordement (51 , 52). A percussion apparatus according to one of claims 4 to 14, wherein the control device (16) further comprises a first connection channel (51) connected to the first control channel (19), a second connection channel (52) connected to the second control channel (21), and a dispensing member (53) movable between a first position in which the dispensing member (53) communicates the first and second connecting channels (51, 52). ), and a second position in which the allocating member (53) isolates the first and second connecting ducts (51, 52).
EP12816695.6A 2011-12-09 2012-12-03 Method for switching between striking stroke lengths of a percussive tool striking piston Active EP2788149B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1161366A FR2983760B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 METHOD FOR SWITCHING THE STROKE STROKE OF A STRIPPER PISTON OF A PERCUSSION APPARATUS
PCT/FR2012/052775 WO2013083903A1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-12-03 Method for switching between striking stroke lengths of a percussive tool striking piston

Publications (2)

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EP2788149A1 true EP2788149A1 (en) 2014-10-15
EP2788149B1 EP2788149B1 (en) 2017-07-05

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EP12816695.6A Active EP2788149B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-12-03 Method for switching between striking stroke lengths of a percussive tool striking piston

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US (1) US9981371B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2788149B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101983614B1 (en)
CN (2) CN105690328B (en)
ES (1) ES2641462T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2983760B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013083903A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR101983614B1 (en) 2019-05-29
CN105690328B (en) 2018-03-20
CN105690328A (en) 2016-06-22
FR2983760B1 (en) 2014-08-15
KR20140099496A (en) 2014-08-12
EP2788149B1 (en) 2017-07-05
WO2013083903A1 (en) 2013-06-13
US20140326473A1 (en) 2014-11-06
US9981371B2 (en) 2018-05-29
FR2983760A1 (en) 2013-06-14
CN104023918B (en) 2016-08-17
ES2641462T3 (en) 2017-11-10
CN104023918A (en) 2014-09-03

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