EP2786651A1 - Shredder blade - Google Patents

Shredder blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2786651A1
EP2786651A1 EP14162278.7A EP14162278A EP2786651A1 EP 2786651 A1 EP2786651 A1 EP 2786651A1 EP 14162278 A EP14162278 A EP 14162278A EP 2786651 A1 EP2786651 A1 EP 2786651A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
region
hardness
chopper
base body
cutting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP14162278.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2786651B1 (en
Inventor
Alois Kröll
Wolfgang Lutz
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GEBRUEDER BUSATIS GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.
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Gebr Busatis GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/002—Materials or surface treatments therefor, e.g. composite materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chopper blade having a base body made of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region, one attachment region and in each case one transition region located between the cutting region and the attachment region.
  • Chopping blades are produced in different shapes. Regardless of their shape, however, they have at least one cutting area and a mounting area.
  • the body made of unhardened steel, the wear of the body progresses very quickly and it comes after some time to break out of the relatively brittle hard material coating, so that the blades must be replaced.
  • the body hardened, with a hardness of about 55 HRC has proven in practice, in which the Hardness difference to the hard material layer gives the desired self-sharpening effect due to different wear and still the wear of the body is so slow and thus delays the breaking out of the hard coating that results in long service life.
  • the chopper knife In the attachment area, the chopper knife is provided with openings for the passage of fastening screws, with which the knife is preferably attached to the chopper drum with the interposition of a terminal strip or fittings for pressure distribution via a knife carrier.
  • the knife In this area, the knife is subjected to clamping forces and impact stresses when the knife comes into contact with foreign objects, such as stones.
  • the transition region lying between the cutting area and the attachment area lies in the blade projection and is subject to considerable bending forces as well as impact loads, especially when in contact with foreign bodies.
  • the knife In order to avoid cracks and knife breaks due to the clamping, bending and impact forces, the knife must be sufficiently tough and elastic in the transition area and in the attachment area so as not to be damaged. In practice, a hardness of the blade in these ranges of about 40 HRC has been found to be suitable.
  • Chopping knives currently on the market therefore have a base body which is hardened in the fastening region and in the transition region to about 40 HRC and cured in the cutting area to about 55 HRC and carries a hard material coating.
  • the base body provided with the hard material layer can be hardened to 40 HRC and then the cutting area can be hardened to 55 HRC by, for example, inductive zone hardening.
  • each area is tuned to an ideal hardness for the stress there, premature cracks and fractures may occur with such prior art knives.
  • the reason for this lies in the different compensation structure of the differently hard areas, wherein at the border between the areas of different hardness even a hardening sink is formed, since in the zone hardening the previously formed compensation structure in the border area is annealed again.
  • the different remuneration structure in the areas of different hardness leads to different volume expansions of the areas, whereby residual stresses in the
  • Transition area arise, which are the cause of the observed cracks and fractures.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art.
  • a chopper blade having a base body made of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region, a fastening region and in each case one transition region lying between cutting region and attachment region, which is characterized in that the base body carries a hard material coating in the cutting region, and the hardness of the body is uniform over all areas.
  • the compensation structure is uniform over all areas.
  • it may be a martensitic or bainitic compensation structure.
  • the hardness of the body is uniform between 44 and 52 HRC, in particular 46 and 50 HRC and preferably at 48 HRC.
  • the chopper blade Due to the uniform hardness and the possibly uniform compensation structure of the base body, the residual stresses between the cutting area and the transition area and the attachment area no longer occur, and thus there is also no cracking and no fractures. At the same time, the chopper blade is less expensive to produce, since only a hardening process has to be carried out.
  • the thickness of the hard material layer can vary over the length of the base body. According to the geometry of the chopper, which carries the chopper, it can lead to different levels of stress and different levels of wear over the length of the body of the chopper blade.
  • the different thickness of the hard coating contributes to the bill.
  • the thickness may vary between 0.1 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a chopper drum with attached chopping knives and the Fig. 2 a chopping knife in cross section and the hardness profile across the width of the knife in a knife according to the prior art and a knife according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a chopper drum 1 with a rotary shaft 2.
  • a plurality of chopper blades 3 are mounted, with numerous knife shapes, such as flat, bent about its longitudinal axis or wound knives are known in various lengths, in a variety of patterns, such as aligned or offset , Are arranged parallel or inclined to the axis of rotation of the drum.
  • two rows of blades are provided side by side, the blades 3 are each inclined relative to the axis of rotation and each row of blades is inclined relative to the axis of rotation in a different direction.
  • a flat chopper blade 3 is shown in a section.
  • the chopping knife has a base body which has three areas over its width, a cutting area 5, a transition area 6 and a fixing area 7.
  • the main body of the knife 3 bears on the side opposite the oblique side a hard material layer 8 which extends along the cutting edge 9 extends.
  • the base body wears through the cut material in the cutting area 5 faster than the hard material layer 8, resulting in a self-sharpening effect, as indicated by dashed line.
  • the main body of the blade 3 has an opening which serves to pass one of the fastening screws (not shown), which eg directly into a thread in a knife carrier of the cutterhead is screwed.
  • a pressure plate for dividing the clamping forces may be provided, which act here in addition to impact loads on the body.
  • the transition region 6, which belongs to the blade projection and can be exposed to high bending and impact loads.
  • the graph shows the hardness curve across the width of a prior art chopper (curve X) and across the width of a chopper blade according to the invention (curve Y).
  • the main body of the knife of the prior art (curve X) has a hardness A in the cutting area, e.g. 55 HRC, which falls in the transition region and after a hardening sink to about the natural hardness D of the body, e.g. 30 HRC, in a hardness C, e.g. 40 HRC in the attachment area passes.
  • the different hardnesses are achieved by conventional tempering processes and are reflected in different compensation structures, which also result in different volume expansions in the different areas, which results in residual stresses.
  • the hardness, and preferably also the compensation structure over the entire width, i. from the cutting edge 9 to the end of the attachment region 7 facing away from the cutting edge 9 uniformly at value B, e.g. 48 HRC, so that no residual stresses can arise and also the production is facilitated.
  • value B e.g. 48 HRC

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Materials For Photolithography (AREA)

Abstract

Bei einem Häckselmesser mit einem Grundkörper aus gehärtetem Stahl, der mindestens einen Schneidenbereich (5), einen Befestigungsbereich (7) und jeweils einen zwischen Schneidenbereich (5) und Befestigungsbereich (7) liegenden Übergangsbereich (6) aufweist, trägt erfindungsgemäß der Grundkörper im Schneidenbereich (5) eine Hartstoffbeschichtung (8) und die Härte des Grundkörpers ist über alle Bereiche einheitlich.In a chopper blade having a base body of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region (5), one attachment region (7) and one transition region (6) between the cutting region (5) and attachment region (7), according to the invention the base body bears in the cutting region ( 5) a hard material coating (8) and the hardness of the body is uniform over all areas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Häckselmesser mit einem Grundkörper aus gehärtetem Stahl, der mindestens einen Schneidenbereich, einen Befestigungsbereich und jeweils einen zwischen Schneidenbereich und Befestigungsbereich liegenden Übergangsbereich aufweist.The invention relates to a chopper blade having a base body made of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region, one attachment region and in each case one transition region located between the cutting region and the attachment region.

Häckselmesser werden in unterschiedlichen Formen erzeugt. Unabhängig von ihrer Form weisen sie jedoch mindestens einen Schneidenbereich und einen Befestigungsbereich auf.Chopping blades are produced in different shapes. Regardless of their shape, however, they have at least one cutting area and a mounting area.

Um die Schneide eines Häckselmessers möglichst lange scharf zu halten und damit eine gute Schnittqualität über einen langen Zeitraum sicherzustellen, so dass sich lange Standzeiten ergeben, ist es bekannt die Häckselmesser im Schneidenbereich auf der der schrägen Seite gegenüberliegenden Seite mit einer Hartstoffschicht zu versehen, die bis zur Schneidkante des Grundkörpers heranreicht. Die Hartstoffschicht widersteht aufgrund ihrer großen Härte der Hartstoffpartikel (siehe z.B. EP 0 875 323 B1 ) sehr gut dem Verschleiß durch das Schnittgut, wohingegen das darunter liegende Material des Grundkörpers durch Verschleiß abgetragen wird. Aus dieser Kombination von Materialien unterschiedlicher Härte und damit unterschiedlich raschem Verschleiß ergibt sich ein Selbstschärfeffekt für die Schneidkante des Messers, welche dadurch scharf gehalten wird. Besteht der Grundkörper aus ungehärtetem Stahl schreitet der Verschleiß des Grundkörpers sehr rasch voran und es kommt nach einiger Zeit zum Ausbrechen der relativen spröden Hartstoffbeschichtung, so dass die Messer ausgetauscht werden müssen. Idealerweise ist daher auch der Grundkörper gehärtet, wobei sich eine Härte von etwa 55 HRC in der Praxis bewährt hat, bei der der Härteunterschied zur Hartstoffschicht den gewünschte Selbstschärfeffekt durch unterschiedlichen Verschleiß ergibt und trotzdem der Verschleiß des Grundkörpers so langsam vor sich geht und damit das Ausbrechen der Hartstoffschicht verzögert, dass sich lange Standzeiten ergeben.In order to keep the edge of a chopping knife sharp as long as possible and thus ensure a good quality of cut over a long period of time, so that long service life, it is known to provide the chopping blades in the cutting area on the side opposite the oblique side with a layer of hard material comes to the cutting edge of the body. The hard material layer resists due to their high hardness of the hard particles (see, eg EP 0 875 323 B1 ) very well the wear by the clippings, whereas the underlying material of the body is removed by wear. From this combination of materials of different hardness and thus different rapid wear results in a self-sharpening effect for the cutting edge of the knife, which is kept sharp. If the base body made of unhardened steel, the wear of the body progresses very quickly and it comes after some time to break out of the relatively brittle hard material coating, so that the blades must be replaced. Ideally, therefore, the body hardened, with a hardness of about 55 HRC has proven in practice, in which the Hardness difference to the hard material layer gives the desired self-sharpening effect due to different wear and still the wear of the body is so slow and thus delays the breaking out of the hard coating that results in long service life.

Im Befestigungsbereich ist das Häckselmesser mit Öffnungen für den Durchgang von Befestigungsschrauben versehen, mit denen das Messer vorzugsweise unter Zwischenlage einer Klemmleiste oder von Formstücken zur Druckverteilung über einen Messerträger an der Häckseltrommel befestigt wird. In diesem Bereich unterliegt das Messer Einspannkräften und Schlagbeanspruchungen bei Kontakt des Messers mit Fremdkörpern, wie Steinen. Der zwischen dem Schneidenbereich und dem Befestigungsbereich liegende Übergangsbereich liegt im Messerüberstand und unterliegt beachtlichen Biegekräften sowie auch Schlagbeanspruchungen, insbesondere auch bei Kontakt mit Fremdkörpern. Damit es aufgrund der Einspann-, Biege- und Schlagkräfte zu keinen Rissen und Messerbrüchen kommt, muss das Messer im Übergangbereich und im Befestigungsbereich ausreichen zäh und elastisch sein, um keinen Schaden zu nehmen. In der Praxis hat sich dabei eine Härte des Messers in diesen Bereichen von etwa 40 HRC als geeignet herausgestellt.In the attachment area, the chopper knife is provided with openings for the passage of fastening screws, with which the knife is preferably attached to the chopper drum with the interposition of a terminal strip or fittings for pressure distribution via a knife carrier. In this area, the knife is subjected to clamping forces and impact stresses when the knife comes into contact with foreign objects, such as stones. The transition region lying between the cutting area and the attachment area lies in the blade projection and is subject to considerable bending forces as well as impact loads, especially when in contact with foreign bodies. In order to avoid cracks and knife breaks due to the clamping, bending and impact forces, the knife must be sufficiently tough and elastic in the transition area and in the attachment area so as not to be damaged. In practice, a hardness of the blade in these ranges of about 40 HRC has been found to be suitable.

Derzeit am Markt befindliche Häckselmesser weisen daher einen Grundkörper auf, der im Befestigungsbereich und im Übergangsbereich auf etwa 40 HRC gehärtet ist und im Schneidenbereich auf etwa 55 HRC gehärtet ist und eine Hartstoffbeschichtung trägt. Dafür kann z.B. der mit der Hartstoffschicht versehene Grundkörper gesamt auf 40 HRC gehärtet werden und dann der Schneidenbereich durch z.B. induktive Zonenhärtung auf 55 HRC gehärtet werden. Obwohl jeder Bereich somit auf eine ideale Härte für die dortige Beanspruchung eingestellt ist, kann es bei solchen Messern des Standes der Technik aber zu frühzeitigen Rissen und Brüchen kommen. Der Grund dafür liegt im unterschiedlichen Vergütungsgefüge der unterschiedlich harten Bereiche, wobei an der Grenze zwischen den Bereichen verschiedener Härte auch noch eine Härtesenke ausgebildet ist, da bei der Zonenhärtung das zuvor gebildete Vergütungsgefüge im Grenzbereich wieder ausgeglüht wird. Das unterschiedliche Vergütungsgefüge in den Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte führt zu unterschiedlichen Volumensausdehnungen der Bereiche, wodurch Eigenspannungen imChopping knives currently on the market therefore have a base body which is hardened in the fastening region and in the transition region to about 40 HRC and cured in the cutting area to about 55 HRC and carries a hard material coating. For example, the base body provided with the hard material layer can be hardened to 40 HRC and then the cutting area can be hardened to 55 HRC by, for example, inductive zone hardening. Thus, although each area is tuned to an ideal hardness for the stress there, premature cracks and fractures may occur with such prior art knives. The reason for this lies in the different compensation structure of the differently hard areas, wherein at the border between the areas of different hardness even a hardening sink is formed, since in the zone hardening the previously formed compensation structure in the border area is annealed again. The different remuneration structure in the areas of different hardness leads to different volume expansions of the areas, whereby residual stresses in the

Übergangsbereich entstehen, die die Ursache für die beobachteten Risse und Brüche sind.Transition area arise, which are the cause of the observed cracks and fractures.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, die Probleme des Standes der Technik zu lösen.The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Häckselmesser mit einem Grundkörper aus gehärtetem Stahl, der mindestens einen Schneidenbereich, einen Befestigungsbereich und jeweils einen zwischen Schneidenbereich und Befestigungsbereich liegenden Übergangsbereich aufweist, gelöst, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Grundkörper im Schneidenbereich eine Hartstoffbeschichtung trägt, und die Härte des Grundkörpers über alle Bereiche einheitlich ist.This object is achieved by a chopper blade having a base body made of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region, a fastening region and in each case one transition region lying between cutting region and attachment region, which is characterized in that the base body carries a hard material coating in the cutting region, and the hardness of the body is uniform over all areas.

Vorzugsweise ist dabei auch das Vergütungsgefüge über alle Bereiche einheitlich. Insbesondere kann es sich um ein martensitisches oder bainitisches Vergütungsgefüge handeln.Preferably, the compensation structure is uniform over all areas. In particular, it may be a martensitic or bainitic compensation structure.

Vorteilhafterweise liegt die Härte des Grundkörpers einheitlich zwischen 44 und 52 HRC, insbesondere 46 und 50 HRC und vorzugsweise bei 48 HRC.Advantageously, the hardness of the body is uniform between 44 and 52 HRC, in particular 46 and 50 HRC and preferably at 48 HRC.

Durch die einheitliche Härte und das gegebenenfalls einheitliche Vergütungsgefüge des Grundkörpers treten die Eigenspannungen zwischen dem Schneidenbereich und dem Übergangsbereich und dem Befestigungsbereich nicht mehr auf, und somit kommt es auch zu keiner Rissbildung und keinen Brüchen. Gleichzeitig ist das Häckselmesser in der Herstellung kostengünstiger, da nur mehr ein Härtevorgang vorgenommen werden muss.Due to the uniform hardness and the possibly uniform compensation structure of the base body, the residual stresses between the cutting area and the transition area and the attachment area no longer occur, and thus there is also no cracking and no fractures. At the same time, the chopper blade is less expensive to produce, since only a hardening process has to be carried out.

Durch Auswahl der einheitlichen Härte aus den obengenannten Wertebereichen, besteht im Schneidenbereich immer noch ausreichender Verschleißwiderstand und gleichzeitig im Befestigungs- und im Übergangsbereich ausreichend Zähigkeit und Elastizität um auftretenden Biege-, Einspann- und Schlagkräften widerstehen zu können.By selecting the uniform hardness from the abovementioned value ranges, there is still sufficient wear resistance in the cutting area and, at the same time, sufficient toughness and elasticity to be able to withstand occurring bending, clamping and impact forces in the fastening and transition areas.

Dabei kann die Dicke der Hartstoffschicht über die Länge des Grundkörpers variieren. Entsprechend der Geometrie der Häckselvorrichtung, die das Häckselmesser trägt, kann es zu unterschiedlich starker Beanspruchung und zu unterschiedlich starkem Verschleiß über die Länge des Grundkörpers des Häckselmessers kommen. Die unterschiedliche Dicke der Hartstoffschicht trägt dem Rechnung. Dabei kann die Dicke zwischen 0,1 und 1 mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,2 und 0,4 mm variieren.In this case, the thickness of the hard material layer can vary over the length of the base body. According to the geometry of the chopper, which carries the chopper, it can lead to different levels of stress and different levels of wear over the length of the body of the chopper blade. The different thickness of the hard coating contributes to the bill. The thickness may vary between 0.1 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung noch anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigt die Fig. 1 ein Beispiel für eine Häckseltrommel mit daran befestigten Häckselmessern und die Fig. 2 ein Häckselmesser im Querschnitt und den Härteverlauf über die Breite des Messers bei einem Messer gemäß dem Stand der Technik und bei einem Messer gemäß der Erfindung.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows the Fig. 1 an example of a chopper drum with attached chopping knives and the Fig. 2 a chopping knife in cross section and the hardness profile across the width of the knife in a knife according to the prior art and a knife according to the invention.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Häckseltrommel 1 mit einer Drehwelle 2. Am Umfang der Trommel 1 sind mehrere Häckselmesser 3 angebracht, wobei zahlreiche Messerformen, wie flache, um ihre Längsachse gebogene oder gewundene Messer in unterschiedlichsten Längen bekannt sind, die in unterschiedlichsten Mustern, wie zueinander ausgerichtet oder versetzt, zur Drehachse der Trommel parallel oder geneigt angeordnet sind. Im gezeigten Beispiel sind zwei Messerreihen nebeneinander vorgesehen, wobei die Messer 3 jeweils gegenüber der Drehachse geneigt sind und jede Messerreihe gegenüber der Drehachse in eine andere Richtung geneigt ist. Die Befestigung der Messer 3 an der Trommel erfolgt über Schrauben 4, wie es an jeweils einem Messer 3 jeder Messerreihe angedeutet ist.The Fig. 1 shows a chopper drum 1 with a rotary shaft 2. On the circumference of the drum 1, a plurality of chopper blades 3 are mounted, with numerous knife shapes, such as flat, bent about its longitudinal axis or wound knives are known in various lengths, in a variety of patterns, such as aligned or offset , Are arranged parallel or inclined to the axis of rotation of the drum. In the example shown, two rows of blades are provided side by side, the blades 3 are each inclined relative to the axis of rotation and each row of blades is inclined relative to the axis of rotation in a different direction. The attachment of the knife 3 to the drum via screws 4, as it is indicated on a respective knife 3 each row of knives.

In Fig. 2 ist ein flaches Häckselmesser 3 in einem Schnitt dargestellt. Das Häckselmesser weist einen Grundkörper auf, der über seine Breite drei Bereiche hat, einen Schneidenbereich 5, einen Übergangsbereich 6 und einen Befestigungsbereich 7. Im Schneidenbereich 5 trägt der Grundkörper des Messers 3 an der der schrägen Seite gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Hartstoffschicht 8, die sich entlang der Schneidkante 9 erstreckt. Im Gebrauch verschleißt der Grundkörper durch das Schnittgut im Schneidenbereich 5 schneller als die Hartstoffschicht 8, wodurch sich ein Selbstschärfeffekt ergibt, wie mit gestrichelter Linie angedeutet. Im Befestigungsbereich 7 weist der Grundkörper des Messers 3 eine Öffnung auf, die dem Durchgang einer der Befestigungsschrauben (nicht dargestellt) dient, welche z.B. direkt in ein Gewinde in einem Messerträger der Häckseltrommel geschraubt wird. Auf der Seite des Schraubenkopfes kann eine Druckplatte zur Aufteilung der Einspannkräfte vorgesehen sein, die hier neben Schlagbelastungen auf den Grundkörper wirken. Zwischen Schneidenbereich 5 und Befestigungsbereich 7 des Grundkörpers liegt der Übergangsbereich 6, der zum Messerüberstand gehört und hohen Biege- und Schlagbelastungen ausgesetzt sein kann.In Fig. 2 a flat chopper blade 3 is shown in a section. The chopping knife has a base body which has three areas over its width, a cutting area 5, a transition area 6 and a fixing area 7. In the cutting area 5, the main body of the knife 3 bears on the side opposite the oblique side a hard material layer 8 which extends along the cutting edge 9 extends. In use, the base body wears through the cut material in the cutting area 5 faster than the hard material layer 8, resulting in a self-sharpening effect, as indicated by dashed line. In the attachment region 7, the main body of the blade 3 has an opening which serves to pass one of the fastening screws (not shown), which eg directly into a thread in a knife carrier of the cutterhead is screwed. On the side of the screw head, a pressure plate for dividing the clamping forces may be provided, which act here in addition to impact loads on the body. Between the cutting region 5 and the fastening region 7 of the main body is the transition region 6, which belongs to the blade projection and can be exposed to high bending and impact loads.

Das Diagramm zeigt den Härteverlauf über die Breite eines Häckselmessers des Standes der Technik (Kurve X) und über die Breite eines Häckselmessers gemäß der Erfindung (Kurve Y). Der Grundkörper des Messers des Standes der Technik (Kurve X) hat im Schneidenbereich eine Härte A, z.B. 55 HRC, die im Übergangsbereich abfällt und nach einer Härtesenke auf etwa die natürliche Härte D des Grundkörpers, z.B. 30 HRC, in eine Härte C, z.B. 40 HRC im Befestigungsbereich übergeht. Die unterschiedlichen Härten werden durch herkömmliche Vergütungsverfahren erreicht und spiegeln sich in unterschiedlichen Vergütungsgefügen wieder, wodurch sich in den verschiedenen Bereichen auch unterschiedliche Volumensausdehnungen ergeben, was Eigenspannungen zur Folge hat. Beim Grundkörper des Messers der vorliegenden Erfindung hingegen ist die Härte und vorzugsweise auch das Vergütungsgefüge über die gesamte Breite, d.h. von der Schneidkante 9 bis zum der Schneidkante 9 abgewandten Ende des Befestigungsbereichs 7 hin einheitlich bei Wert B, z.B. 48 HRC, sodass sich keine Eigenspannungen ergeben können und auch die Herstellung erleichtert ist. Bei geeigneter Wahl der einheitlichen Härte B ist weder im Schneidenbereich ein übermäßiger Verschleiß zu bemerken, noch kommt es im Übergangs- und im Befestigungsbereich zu Schäden durch Biege-, Schlag- oder Einspannkräfte.The graph shows the hardness curve across the width of a prior art chopper (curve X) and across the width of a chopper blade according to the invention (curve Y). The main body of the knife of the prior art (curve X) has a hardness A in the cutting area, e.g. 55 HRC, which falls in the transition region and after a hardening sink to about the natural hardness D of the body, e.g. 30 HRC, in a hardness C, e.g. 40 HRC in the attachment area passes. The different hardnesses are achieved by conventional tempering processes and are reflected in different compensation structures, which also result in different volume expansions in the different areas, which results in residual stresses. By contrast, in the case of the main body of the knife of the present invention, the hardness, and preferably also the compensation structure, over the entire width, i. from the cutting edge 9 to the end of the attachment region 7 facing away from the cutting edge 9 uniformly at value B, e.g. 48 HRC, so that no residual stresses can arise and also the production is facilitated. With a suitable choice of the uniform hardness B, excessive wear can not be noticed either in the cutting area, nor can damage be caused by bending, impact or clamping forces in the transition zone and in the fastening area.

Claims (7)

Häckselmesser mit einem Grundkörper aus gehärtetem Stahl, der mindestens einen Schneidenbereich (5), einen Befestigungsbereich (7) und jeweils einen zwischen Schneidenbereich (5) und Befestigungsbereich (7) liegenden Übergangsbereich (6) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Grundkörper im Schneidenbereich (5) eine Hartstoffbeschichtung (8) trägt, und dass die Härte des Grundkörpers über alle Bereiche einheitlich ist.Chopper blade having a base body made of hardened steel, which has at least one cutting region (5), one attachment region (7) and one transition region (6) lying between cutting region (5) and attachment region (7), characterized in that the base body is in the cutting region ( 5) carries a hard material coating (8), and that the hardness of the body is uniform over all areas. Häckselmesser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vergütungsgefüge des Grundkörpers über alle Bereiche einheitlich ist.Chopper blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensation structure of the body is uniform over all areas. Häckselmesser nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vergütungsgefüge des Grundkörpers ein martensitisches oder ein bainitisches Vergütungsgefüge ist.Chopper knife according to claim 2, characterized in that the compensation structure of the main body is a martensitic or a bainitic compensation structure. Häckselmesser nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte des Grundkörpers einheitlich zwischen 44 und 52 HRC liegt.Chopper knife according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hardness of the body is uniformly between 44 and 52 HRC. Häckselmesser nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte des Grundkörpers einheitlich zwischen 46 und 50 HRG, vorzugsweise bei 48 HRC liegt.Chopper blade according to claim 4, characterized in that the hardness of the base body is uniformly between 46 and 50 HRG, preferably at 48 HRC. Häckselmesser nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der Hartstoffschicht über die Länge des Grundkörpers variiert.Chopper knife according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the hard material layer varies over the length of the base body. Häckselmesser nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der Hartstoffschicht zwischen einer minimalen Dicke von 0,1 mm und einer maximalen Dicke von 1 mm, insbesondere zwischen einer minimalen Dicke von 0,2 mm und einer maximalen Dicke von 0,4 mm variiert .Chopper blade according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the hard material layer between a minimum thickness of 0.1 mm and a maximum thickness of 1 mm, in particular between a minimum thickness of 0.2 mm and a maximum thickness of 0.4 mm varies ,
EP14162278.7A 2013-04-04 2014-03-28 Shredder blade Active EP2786651B1 (en)

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US20140299702A1 (en) 2014-10-09
AT13482U1 (en) 2014-01-15
DE202013004147U1 (en) 2013-06-06

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