EP2775502B1 - Switching device for switching a capacitor - Google Patents

Switching device for switching a capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2775502B1
EP2775502B1 EP13158280.1A EP13158280A EP2775502B1 EP 2775502 B1 EP2775502 B1 EP 2775502B1 EP 13158280 A EP13158280 A EP 13158280A EP 2775502 B1 EP2775502 B1 EP 2775502B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contactor
coil
contact bridge
auxiliary switch
capacitor
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13158280.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2775502A1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Streich
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2025—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
    • H01H50/543—Auxiliary switch inserting resistor during closure of contactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/68—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact with snap action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0066—Auxiliary contact devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for switching a capacitor with a contactor and an auxiliary switch connected to the contactor, wherein the auxiliary switch has a movably mounted auxiliary switch contact bridge and auxiliary switch fixed contacts and the contactor has a movably mounted contactor contact bridge and contactor fixed contacts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for connecting a downstream of the switching device capacitor to a supply network.
  • a capacitor or capacitors is usually initially charged via the leading auxiliary switch contact bridge of the auxiliary switch.
  • the auxiliary switch fixed contacts of the auxiliary switch are connected via resistance wires with the contactor fixed contacts of the contactor.
  • the auxiliary switch comprises auxiliary switch fixed contacts, the auxiliary switch contact bridge and an auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier, which supports the auxiliary switch contact bridge movable.
  • the contactor comprises contactor fixed contacts, the contactor contact bridge, a contactor contact bridge carrier, which movably supports the contactor contact bridge, and a coil. To close the contactor, energize the coil with a coil current.
  • the auxiliary switch is usually mechanically connected to the contactor, for example by means of a snap connection.
  • the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier In the mechanically connected state of the auxiliary switch with the contactor, the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier is in operative connection with the contactor contact bridge carrier such that when the contactor closes the auxiliary contact breaker bridge is also deflected via the mechanical deflection of the contactor contact bridge.
  • an electrically conductive connection between the auxiliary switch contact bridge is made with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts.
  • By the progressive Deflection of the contactor contact bridge is delayed in time for the electrical closing of the auxiliary switch made an electrically conductive connection between the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the contactor contact bridge carrier and hereby the auxiliary contact contact bridge carrier are deflected.
  • the auxiliary switch contact bridge makes electrical contact with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts, so that the current can flow via the resistance wires to the protective fixed contacts.
  • the capacitor is thus initially charged by the auxiliary switch. Due to the progressive deflection of the contactor contact bridge carrier, the contact of the contactor bridge, which is movably mounted, with the contactor fixed contacts occurs automatically. The bridging now takes place both via the contactor contact bridge and via the auxiliary contact breaker bridge.
  • the capacitor connected to the switching device can thus be supplied with energy via both the bridging of the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts as well as the bridging of the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the primary energy profile to the capacitor takes place via the contactor.
  • Such a switching device is for example from the DE 10 2009 052 626 A1 known.
  • the time delay between the two switching operations is usually controlled by the staggered arrangement of the movably mounted contact bridges relative to the fixed contacts.
  • the time difference from closing the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts to close the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts can be different here.
  • the so-called pre-charging time of the capacitor is determined by the path difference between the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contacts of the contactor and the closing speed of the contactor. Another influence is the bounce time of the auxiliary switch contacts If the pre-charging time is too short, the contactor contacts (contactor contact bridge and contactor fixed contacts) must take over a major part of the charging current for the capacitor. As a result, there is a lifetime reduction due to high consumption of contact material to the contactor contacts.
  • a contactor known which can take two switching positions. By energizing a first coil, a first switching position of the contactor is brought about. Due to the additional excitation of a second coil, a second switching position of the contactor is brought about. In this way, controlled an intermediate position, namely the first switching position, be brought to the contactor.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved switching device for switching from a capacitor.
  • an optimized connection of a switching device connected downstream of the capacitor to a supply network to be made possible.
  • the auxiliary switch in particular mechanically connected to the contactor.
  • the auxiliary switch is connected to the contactor by means of a nondestructive mechanical connection, e.g. a snap connection.
  • the auxiliary switch fixed contacts with the contactor fixed contacts are preferably connected to each other at their input region and at their output region with a resistance wire.
  • the capacitor is charged via the auxiliary switch and then via the contactor, there is a beneficial gradual charging of the capacitor.
  • the capacitor is preloaded specifically for the first period of time via the auxiliary switch. After elapse of the first period of time, the contacting of the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts, so that the power supply of the downstream capacitor is primarily via the contactor.
  • the contactor contact bridge is preferably contacted with the contactor fixed contacts via a separating means to disconnect the electrical contact between the auxiliary contact breaker contact and the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. Consequently, after disconnecting, the power supply of the capacitor takes place only via the contactor.
  • the advantage here is that it can no longer lead to an undesirable burden on the auxiliary switch.
  • the service life of the auxiliary switch can thereby be extended. Furthermore, their lifetime can be greatly extended, especially when using resistance wires. A burning of the resistance wires can be prevented by disconnecting the electrical power supply of the capacitor via the auxiliary switch, preferably immediately after contacting the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the coil In order to bring about and hold the first position, the coil is purposefully differently energized in comparison with the bringing about and holding of the second position by the control unit.
  • the first average coil current for inducing and holding the first position is thus different from the second average coil current, which serves to cause and hold the second position.
  • To bring about and hold the first position is preferably a clocked coil current.
  • the control unit By means of the control unit, the average coil current applied to the coil is consequently regulated, so that during the first time duration, which is preferably stored in the control unit, another average coil current and thus another excitation applied to the coil as in a second time period following the first time duration, in which the second position is brought about or held.
  • the control unit specifically controls the coil current present on the coil.
  • control device brings about the second position as soon as a preset voltage or current has been present or exceeded via the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. On the basis of this criterion, the first time duration would consequently be determined.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention is that regardless of a tolerance position of the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contactor, the present temperature or the applied control voltage pre-charging of the downstream capacitor can be ensured via the auxiliary switch. In this way, an optimal pre-charging of the switching device downstream capacitor can be ensured by means of the auxiliary switch. Furthermore, the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contactor are spared.
  • the first time duration is between 5 milliseconds and 30 milliseconds.
  • the first time period is between 15 milliseconds and 25 milliseconds, in particular about 20 milliseconds. Characterized in that the pre-charging of the capacitor by means of the auxiliary switch is independent of the tolerance position, the present temperature or the applied control voltage, a safe pre-charge of the switching device downstream of the capacitor can be ensured.
  • control device comprises a control unit and a switch, which is connected in series with the coil, so that the coil current of the coil can be controlled via it, wherein the control unit during the first period of time controls the switch in such a way, in particular clocks that only the first position is occupied by the excitation of the coil, and then controls the switch such that by means of the excitation of the coil, the second position is taken.
  • the supply of the coil with the coil current is selectively influenced in such a way that different excitations are present on the coil.
  • the coil is selectively energized so that only the first position is taken and held; i.e. The contactor contact bridge is not electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the coil is selectively energized so that the second position is taken and held; i.e. The contactor contact bridge is electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the first time period is preferably stored permanently in the control unit.
  • the voltage measuring control device comprises a shunt, which is arranged in series with the switch. There is thus a series connection of the coil, the switch and the shunt, over which the coil current of the coil can flow. Turning on the switch causes current to flow through the shunt causing a voltage drop across the shunt.
  • the control unit measures the voltage across the shunt and, depending on reaching a voltage threshold for the various excitation levels of the coil (excitation level for the first or second position), the switch is switched on and off in a certain rhythm.
  • There is a clocking By means of the clocking, a so-called average coil current is generated within the coil. As a function of this average coil current, a certain excitation is generated in the magnet system of the switching device, so that the first or second position can be deliberately brought about and held.
  • the control device is designed such that, in order to bring about the second position, it energizes the coil for a second time duration with a second average coil current and then energizes the coil with a third average coil current for holding the second position, the second average coil current is higher than the third average coil current.
  • the switch is controlled by the control device in such a way, in particular clocked that the coil is energized so that the switch of the contactor remains closed.
  • the third average coil current required for this purpose is preferably lower than the first average coil current required for bringing about and holding the first position.
  • a system which comprises a capacitor and the switching device, wherein the capacitor is electrically conductively connected to the switching device.
  • the capacitor can be switched by means of the switching device to a supply network.
  • a pre-charging of the capacitor After elapse of the first period of time is energized by the control device, the coil of the contactor such that the second position is taken, so that the capacitor is connected via the contactor to the supply network.
  • the auxiliary switch is mechanically connected to the contactor, so that the contactor contact bridge carrier can deflect the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier.
  • the auxiliary switch contact bridge preferably by a first spring, movably mounted in the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier and the contactor contact bridge, preferably by a second spring, movably mounted in the contactor contact bridge carrier.
  • the auxiliary switch fixed contacts with the contactor fixed contacts are each connected to each other at its input region and at its output region with a resistance wire. In this way, the capacitor can already be charged by closing the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a switching device for switching a capacitor in the open state.
  • the switching device has an auxiliary switch 1 and a contactor 2.
  • the auxiliary switch 1 is placed here on the contactor 2.
  • the auxiliary switch 1 consists of two auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 and an auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5, which supports an auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 movable.
  • the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is connected via a third spring 15 acted upon by pulling force.
  • the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 also has a first latching means 11.
  • the contactor consists of two contactor fixed contacts 7 and a contactor contact bridge carrier 8, which supports a contactor contact bridge 6 movably.
  • the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 also has a second latching means 12.
  • the contactor bridge carrier 8 is connected to a pressurized fourth spring 16.
  • the input side of the auxiliary switch fixed contact 4 is connected via a resistance wire 9 to the input side of the contactor fixed contact 7.
  • the output side of the auxiliary switch fixed contact 4 is connected via a resistance wire 9 to the output side of the contactor fixed contact 7.
  • the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 is mechanically connected by its second latching means 12 with the first latching means 11 of the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5.
  • This mechanical connection 10 can be achieved by applying a predefined force without mechanical damage.
  • the contactor 2 in this case has a release agent 13.
  • This release agent 13 is intended to release the mechanical connection 10 between the first latching means 11 and the second latching means 12.
  • the separating means 13 has a bevel on which the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is moved when the contactor 2 is switched on. Since the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is connected to the contactor bridge carrier 8 with each other, when switching on the contactor 2 both contact bridge carrier 5, 8 are moved in the direction of the directional arrow 14.
  • the Indian FIG. 1 shown state of the switching device represents the start state of the switching device. In this case, the contactor 2 is turned off or opened.
  • the auxiliary contact contact bridge carrier 5 is moved against the separating means 13. Due to the further movement of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 in the direction of the movement arrow 14, the force of the separating means 13 relative to the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is increased until the mechanical connection 10 between the first latching means 11 and the second latching means 12 is released. The release of the mechanical connection 10 takes place only after an electrical contact of the contactor contact bridge 6 with the contactor fixed contacts 7 has taken place. Due to the tensile force of the third spring 15, the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is now moved back into the starting state. The auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 thus triggers the contact with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 and the electrical contact between the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 is interrupted.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a structure of a coil drive of the contactor FIG. 1 , A control voltage connection 17, a rectifier 18, a control unit 19, a coil 20 of the electromechanical drive of the contactor, a freewheeling diode 21, a switch 22 and a shunt 23 can be seen.
  • a command for switching on the switching device and thus for connecting the capacitor to a supply network to the switching device can be output by means of a decentralized to the switching device device unit.
  • a characteristic voltage is applied across the terminals of the control voltage terminal 17.
  • the voltage applied to the control voltage terminal 17 AC voltage is converted into DC voltage.
  • the control unit 19 detects such a state change at the control voltage terminal 17 and then initiates the stepwise switching on of the capacitor.
  • the capacitor is first selectively connected for a first period of time via the auxiliary switch with the supply network and connected after the lapse of the first period of time via the contactor with the supply network.
  • the coil 20 of the contactor is selectively energized differently.
  • the voltage supply of the control unit 19 via the voltage applied to the control voltage terminal 17 voltage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time course of the average coil current, which is applied to the coil, the stepwise connection of a capacitor by means of the switching device after FIG. 1 ,
  • the coil control of the contactor corresponds to the in FIG. 2 Shown not final construction of the coil control of the contactor.
  • the ordinate 25 shows the height of the average coil current applied to the coil.
  • the time is shown on the abscissa 26. It is thus the time course of the average coil current and thus the excitation of the coil over time visible.
  • the control unit receives at time 24 the command to switch on the switching device and thus the command connecting the capacitor to the supply network.
  • the control unit controls the switch for a first time period 27, in particular for 20 milliseconds, such that the coil of the electromechanical drive of the contactor is energized such that the contactor contact carrier and thereby the auxiliary contact bridge carrier are deflected so that the first position brought and kept.
  • a first excitation is present at the coil, in which only the auxiliary switch contact bridge is electrically conductively connected to the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. In this state, the capacitor is pre-charged via the auxiliary contactor.
  • the control unit controls the switch for a second period of time 28, in particular for 30 milliseconds, such that the coil is energized such that the contactor contact bridge carrier is deflected so that the second position is brought about.
  • the second average coil current 32 necessary for establishing the second position is higher than the first average coil current 31 for inducing and holding the first position.
  • a second excitation is present at the coil, in which the contactor contact bridge is electrically conductively connected to the contactor fixed contacts.
  • the capacitor is now connected directly to the supply network via the contactor.
  • the first excitation of the coil is lower than the second excitation of the coil.
  • the controller Immediately after the second time period 28, the controller, for a third time period 28 until receiving a contactor opening signal 30, actuates the switch to energize the coil such that the contactor bridge carrier is deflected to hold the second position.
  • the third average coil current 33 necessary for holding the second position is lower than the first average coil current 31.
  • the third excitation of the coil is lower than the first and second excitation of the coil.
  • the switch Upon receiving the contactor opening signal 30, the switch is opened so that there is no energization of the coil.
  • the contactor automatically opens the electrically conductive connection between the contactor contact bridge and the contactor fixed contacts, so that the electrically conductive connection of the contactor Capacitor is completely disconnected from the supply network via the switching device.
  • the first average coil current 31 is the current applied as an arithmetic mean over the first time period 27 to the coil.
  • the second average coil current 32 is the current which is applied to the coil as an arithmetic mean over the second time period 28.
  • the third average coil current 33 is the current applied as an arithmetic mean over the third time period 29 to the coil.
  • the load can be very different, in particular for the contacts of the contactor. Furthermore, if the bounce times (increasing with increasing closing speed) of the precharging contacts of the auxiliary switch are considered, this becomes even less favorable for the contacts of the contactor. This reduces the service life and can lead to welding.
  • the precharge time is kept constant regardless of the rated voltage.
  • bounce times have no influence on the service life of the contacts of the contactor.
  • the contacts of the contactor always see a current that they can switch without welding.
  • a certain excitation on the part of the magnetic drive of the contactor is required.
  • This excitation is provided by current regulation via a shunt for a certain time (eg 20 milliseconds). Subsequently, the higher excitation of the coil to close the contacts of the contactor and the magnet system is provided. After the contactor and the magnet system have closed, the auxiliary switch disconnects (mechanically or magnetically) and the excitation of the magnet system is switched to hold (third excitation).
  • the different current values for the different ones Excitations are realized by shunt and threshold evaluation.
  • the threshold evaluation can be realized by a microcontroller or by a comparator circuit.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät zum Schalten eines Kondensators mit einem Schütz und einem mit dem Schütz verbundenen Hilfsschalter, wobei der Hilfsschalter eine beweglich gelagerte Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und Hilfsschalterfestkontakte aufweist und das Schütz eine beweglich gelagerte Schützkontaktbrücke und Schützfestkontakte aufweist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Zuschalten eines dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Kondensators an eine Versorgungsnetz.The invention relates to a switching device for switching a capacitor with a contactor and an auxiliary switch connected to the contactor, wherein the auxiliary switch has a movably mounted auxiliary switch contact bridge and auxiliary switch fixed contacts and the contactor has a movably mounted contactor contact bridge and contactor fixed contacts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for connecting a downstream of the switching device capacitor to a supply network.

Beim Kondensatorschalten mit einem Schaltgerät, wie beispielsweise ein Niederspannungsschaltgerät, wird ein Kondensator bzw. werden Kondensatoren üblicherweise zunächst über die voreilende Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke des Hilfsschalters aufgeladen. Hierfür sind die Hilfsschalterfestkontakte des Hilfsschalters über Widerstandsdrähte mit den Schützfestkontakten des Schützes verbunden. Der Hilfsschalter umfasst Hilfsschalterfestkontakte, die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und einen Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger, welcher die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke beweglich lagert. Das Schütz umfasst Schützfestkontakte, die Schützkontaktbrücke, einen Schützkontaktbrückenträger, welcher die Schützkontaktbrücke beweglich lagert, und eine Spule. Zum Schließen des Schützes ist die Spule mit einem Spulenstrom zu erregen. Der Hilfsschalter ist mit dem Schütz üblicherweise mechanisch verbunden, z.B. mittels einer Schnappverbindung. Im mechanisch verbunden Zustand des Hilfsschalters mit dem Schütz steht der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger mit dem Schützkontaktbrückenträger derart in Wirkverbindung, dass bei einem Schließen des Schützes die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke über die mechanische Auslenkung der Schützkontaktbrücke ebenso ausgelenkt wird. Während des Schließens des Schützes wird zunächst eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten hergestellt. Durch die fortschreitende Auslenkung der Schützkontaktbrücke wird zeitlich verzögert zum elektrischen Schließen des Hilfsschalters eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten hergestellt.When capacitor switching with a switching device, such as a low-voltage switching device, a capacitor or capacitors is usually initially charged via the leading auxiliary switch contact bridge of the auxiliary switch. For this purpose, the auxiliary switch fixed contacts of the auxiliary switch are connected via resistance wires with the contactor fixed contacts of the contactor. The auxiliary switch comprises auxiliary switch fixed contacts, the auxiliary switch contact bridge and an auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier, which supports the auxiliary switch contact bridge movable. The contactor comprises contactor fixed contacts, the contactor contact bridge, a contactor contact bridge carrier, which movably supports the contactor contact bridge, and a coil. To close the contactor, energize the coil with a coil current. The auxiliary switch is usually mechanically connected to the contactor, for example by means of a snap connection. In the mechanically connected state of the auxiliary switch with the contactor, the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier is in operative connection with the contactor contact bridge carrier such that when the contactor closes the auxiliary contact breaker bridge is also deflected via the mechanical deflection of the contactor contact bridge. During the closing of the contactor initially an electrically conductive connection between the auxiliary switch contact bridge is made with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. By the progressive Deflection of the contactor contact bridge is delayed in time for the electrical closing of the auxiliary switch made an electrically conductive connection between the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts.

Durch das Erregen der Spule des Schützes werden der Schützkontaktbrückenträger und hierüber der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger ausgelenkt. Hierbei stellt zunächst die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke einen elektrischen Kontakt mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten her, so dass der Strom über die Widerstandsdrähte zu den Schutzfestkontakten fließen kann. Der Kondensator wird somit zunächst durch den Hilfsschalter aufgeladen. Durch die fortschreitende Auslenkung des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers kommt es automatisch zum elektrischen Kontaktieren der beweglich gelagerten Schützkontaktbrücke des Schützes mit den Schützfestkontakten. Die Überbrückung erfolgt nun sowohl über die Schützkontaktbrücke als auch über die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke. Der an dem Schaltgerät angeschlossene Kondensator kann somit sowohl über die Überbrückung der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten als auch über die Überbrückung der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten mit Energie versorgt werden. Nach dem Überbrücken der Schützfestkontakte durch die Schützkontaktbrücke erfolgt der primäre Energieverlauf zum Kondensator über das Schütz. Ein derartiges Schaltgerät ist beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2009 052 626 A1 bekannt.By energizing the coil of the contactor, the contactor contact bridge carrier and hereby the auxiliary contact contact bridge carrier are deflected. In this case, initially the auxiliary switch contact bridge makes electrical contact with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts, so that the current can flow via the resistance wires to the protective fixed contacts. The capacitor is thus initially charged by the auxiliary switch. Due to the progressive deflection of the contactor contact bridge carrier, the contact of the contactor bridge, which is movably mounted, with the contactor fixed contacts occurs automatically. The bridging now takes place both via the contactor contact bridge and via the auxiliary contact breaker bridge. The capacitor connected to the switching device can thus be supplied with energy via both the bridging of the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts as well as the bridging of the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts. After the contactor fixed contacts have been bridged by the contactor contact bridge, the primary energy profile to the capacitor takes place via the contactor. Such a switching device is for example from the DE 10 2009 052 626 A1 known.

Der zeitliche Verzug zwischen den beiden Schaltvorgängen wird üblicherweise durch die versetzte Anordnung der beweglich gelagerten Kontaktbrücken gegenüber den Festkontakten gesteuert. Die Zeitdifferenz vom Schließen der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten bis zum Schließen der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten kann hierbei unterschiedlich ausfallen. Die sogenannte Vorladezeit des Kondensators wird bestimmt durch die Wegdifferenz zwischen den Kontakten des Hilfsschalters und den Kontakten des Schützes und der Schließgeschwindigkeit des Schützes. Ein weiterer Einfluss stellt die Prellzeit der Hilfsschalterkontakte (Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und Hilfsschalterfestkontakte) dar. Ist die Vorladezeit zu kurz, müssen die Schützkontakte (Schützkontaktbrücke und Schützfestkontakten) einen Großteil des Ladestromes für den Kondensator übernehmen. Hieraus bedingt erfolgt eine Lebensdauerreduzierung durch starken Verbrauch von Kontaktmaterial an den Schützkontakten.The time delay between the two switching operations is usually controlled by the staggered arrangement of the movably mounted contact bridges relative to the fixed contacts. The time difference from closing the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts to close the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts can be different here. The so-called pre-charging time of the capacitor is determined by the path difference between the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contacts of the contactor and the closing speed of the contactor. Another influence is the bounce time of the auxiliary switch contacts If the pre-charging time is too short, the contactor contacts (contactor contact bridge and contactor fixed contacts) must take over a major part of the charging current for the capacitor. As a result, there is a lifetime reduction due to high consumption of contact material to the contactor contacts.

Aus der DE 10 2010 032 456 A1 ist ein Schaltschütz bekannt, welches zwei Schaltstellungen einnehmen kann. Durch eine Erregung einer ersten Spule wird eine erste Schaltstellung des Schaltschützes herbeigeführt. Durch die zusätzliche Erregung einer zweiten Spule wird eine zweite Schaltstellung des Schaltschützes herbeigeführt. Auf diese Weise kann kontrolliert eine Zwischenstellung, nämlich die erste Schaltstellung, am Schaltschütz herbeigeführt werden.From the DE 10 2010 032 456 A1 is a contactor known which can take two switching positions. By energizing a first coil, a first switching position of the contactor is brought about. Due to the additional excitation of a second coil, a second switching position of the contactor is brought about. In this way, controlled an intermediate position, namely the first switching position, be brought to the contactor.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes Schaltgerät zum Schalten von einem Kondensator bereitzustellen. Insbesondere soll ein optimiertes Zuschalten eines dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Kondensators an ein Versorgungsnetz ermöglicht werden.An object of the present invention is to provide an improved switching device for switching from a capacitor. In particular, an optimized connection of a switching device connected downstream of the capacitor to a supply network to be made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, d.h. durch Schaltgerät zum Schalten eines Kondensators mit einem Schütz und einem mit dem Schütz verbundenen Hilfsschalter, wobei der Hilfsschalter Hilfsschalterfestkontakte, eine Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und einen Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger, welcher die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke beweglich lagert, aufweist und das Schütz Schützfestkontakte, eine Schützkontaktbrücke, einen Schützkontaktbrückenträger, welcher die Schützkontaktbrücke beweglich lagert, und eine Spule aufweist, wobei der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger mit dem Schützkontaktbrückenträger derart in Wirkverbindung steht und derart ausgebildet ist, dass bei einem Einschalten des Schützes die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und die Schützkontaktbrücke zunächst in eine erste Position ausgelenkt werden, in welcher lediglich die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist, und anschließend in eine zweite Position ausgelenkt werden, in welcher die Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist, wobei zum Einschalten des Schützes die Spule mit einem Spulenstrom zu erregen ist, wobei das Schütz eine Steuervorrichtung umfasst, welche zum Einschalten des Schützes für eine erste Zeitdauer die Spule derart erregt, dass lediglich die erste Position eingenommen wird, und anschließend die Spule derart erregt, dass die zweite Position eingenommen wird und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7, d.h. durch ein Verfahren zum Zuschalten eines einem Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 nachgeschalteten Kondensators an eine Versorgungsnetz, mit folgenden Schritten:

  • Erregen der Spule für eine erste Zeitdauer mit einem ersten Spulenstrom, so dass lediglich die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist,
  • anschließendes Erregen der Spule mit einem zweiten Spulenstrom, so dass die Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist.
This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1, ie by switching device for switching a capacitor with a contactor and an auxiliary switch connected to the contactor, wherein the auxiliary switch fixed contacts, an auxiliary switch contact bridge and an auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier which supports the auxiliary switch contact bridge movably, and the contactor Contactor fixed contacts, a contactor contact bridge, a contactor contact bridge carrier which movably supports the contactor contact bridge, and a coil, wherein the auxiliary contact bridge carrier is in operative connection with the contactor contact bridge carrier and is designed such that when the contactor is switched on, the auxiliary contact bridge and the contactor contact bridge initially in a first position be deflected, in which only the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts electrically conductive is connected, and then deflected to a second position in which the contactor contact bridge is electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts, to energize the contactor, the coil is to excite a coil current, wherein the contactor comprises a control device which is used to turn on the contactor for a first period of time, the coil is energized so that only the first position is taken, and then the coil is energized so that the second position is taken and a A method according to claim 7, ie by a method for connecting a capacitor connected downstream of a switching device according to one of claims 1 to 5 to a supply network, comprising the following steps:
  • Exciting the coil for a first time duration with a first coil current, so that only the auxiliary switch contact bridge is electrically conductively connected to the auxiliary switch stationary contacts,
  • then energizing the coil with a second coil current, so that the contactor contact bridge is electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 5 angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 5.

Der Hilfsschalter insbesondre mit dem Schütz mechanisch verbunden. Vorzugsweise ist der Hilfsschalter mittels einer zerstörungsfreien mechanischen Verbindung mit dem Schütz verbunden, z.B. eine Schnappverbindung.The auxiliary switch in particular mechanically connected to the contactor. Preferably, the auxiliary switch is connected to the contactor by means of a nondestructive mechanical connection, e.g. a snap connection.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerät sind vorzugsweise die Hilfsschalterfestkontakte mit den Schützfestkontakten jeweils an ihrem Eingangsbereich und an ihrem Ausgangsbereich mit einem Widerstandsdraht miteinander verbunden. Dadurch, dass bei einem Einschalten des Schützes, d.h. das Schütz soll geschlossen werden, durch die Steuereinheit gezielt die Spule des Schützes derart erregt wird, dass lediglich die erste Position herbeigeführt wird, wird zunächst lediglich die elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten hergestellt. Ein an das Schaltgerät angeschlossener Kondensator wird folglich zunächst über den Hilfsschalter aufgeladen. Nach Verstreichen der ersten Zeitdauer wird durch die Steuereinheit die Spule derart erregt, dass ferner die elektrische Kontaktierung der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten erfolgt. Der Kondensator wird nun über die durch die Schützkontaktbrücke hergestellte elektrische Verbindung von dem Schütz aufgeladen.In the case of the switching device according to the invention, the auxiliary switch fixed contacts with the contactor fixed contacts are preferably connected to each other at their input region and at their output region with a resistance wire. The fact that when the contactor, ie the contactor is to be closed by the control unit targeted the coil of the contactor is energized so that only the first position is brought about, initially only the electrical connection between the auxiliary switch contact bridge is made with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. A connected to the switching device capacitor is therefore initially charged via the auxiliary switch. After elapse of the first period of time, the coil is energized by the control unit so that further the electrical contacting of the contactor contact bridge takes place with the contactor fixed contacts. The capacitor is then charged by the contactor via the electrical connection made by the contactor contact bridge.

Dadurch, dass zunächst der Kondensator über den Hilfsschalter und anschließend über das Schütz aufgeladen wird, erfolgt ein vorteilhaftes schrittweises Aufladen des Kondensators. Zunächst wird der Kondensator gezielt für die erste Zeitdauer über den Hilfsschalter vorgeladen. Nach Verstreichen der ersten Zeitdauer erfolgt die Kontaktierung der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten, so dass die Energieversorgung des nachgeschalteten Kondensators primär über das Schütz erfolgt.The fact that first the capacitor is charged via the auxiliary switch and then via the contactor, there is a beneficial gradual charging of the capacitor. First, the capacitor is preloaded specifically for the first period of time via the auxiliary switch. After elapse of the first period of time, the contacting of the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts, so that the power supply of the downstream capacitor is primarily via the contactor.

Damit während der elektrischen Energieversorgung des Kondensators über das Schütz der Hilfsschalter geschont wird, erfolgt vorzugsweise nach der Kontaktierung der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten über ein Trennmittel ein Trennen der elektrischen Kontaktierung zwischen der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke und den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten. Folglich erfolgt nach dem Trennen die Energieversorgung des Kondensators lediglich über das Schütz. Der Vorteil hierbei besteht darin, dass es nicht mehr zu einer unerwünschten Belastung des Hilfsschalters kommen kann. Die Lebensdauer des Hilfsschalters kann hierdurch verlängert werden. Ferner kann insbesondere bei einem Einsatz von Widerstandsdrähten deren Lebensdauer stark verlängert werden. Ein Abbrennen der Widerstandsdrähte kann durch das Trennen der elektrischen Energieversorgung des Kondensators über den Hilfsschalter vorzugsweise unmittelbar nach der Kontaktierung der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten verhindert werden.In order to protect the auxiliary switch during the electrical power supply of the capacitor via the contactor, the contactor contact bridge is preferably contacted with the contactor fixed contacts via a separating means to disconnect the electrical contact between the auxiliary contact breaker contact and the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. Consequently, after disconnecting, the power supply of the capacitor takes place only via the contactor. The advantage here is that it can no longer lead to an undesirable burden on the auxiliary switch. The service life of the auxiliary switch can thereby be extended. Furthermore, their lifetime can be greatly extended, especially when using resistance wires. A burning of the resistance wires can be prevented by disconnecting the electrical power supply of the capacitor via the auxiliary switch, preferably immediately after contacting the contactor contact bridge with the contactor fixed contacts.

Zum Herbeiführen und Halten der ersten Position wird die Spule im Vergleich zum Herbeiführen und Halten der zweiten Position durch die Steuereinheit gezielt unterschiedlich erregt. Der erste Durchschnittsspulenstrom zum Herbeiführen und Halten der ersten Position ist somit unterschiedlich zum zweiten Durchschnittsspulenstrom, welcher dem Herbeiführen und Halten der zweiten Position dient. Zum Herbeiführen und Halten der ersten Position liegt vorzugsweise ein getakteter Spulenstrom vor. Mittels der Steuereinheit wird folglich der an der Spule anliegende Durchschnittsspulenstrom geregelt, so dass während der ersten Zeitdauer, welche vorzugsweise in der Steuereinheit hinterlegt ist, ein anderer Durchschnittsspulenstrom und somit eine andere Erregung an der Spule anliegt als in einer der ersten Zeitdauer folgenden zweiten Zeitdauer, in welcher die zweite Position herbeigeführt bzw. gehalten wird. Die Steuereinheit regelt hierfür gezielt den an der Spule vorliegenden Spulenstrom.In order to bring about and hold the first position, the coil is purposefully differently energized in comparison with the bringing about and holding of the second position by the control unit. The first average coil current for inducing and holding the first position is thus different from the second average coil current, which serves to cause and hold the second position. To bring about and hold the first position is preferably a clocked coil current. By means of the control unit, the average coil current applied to the coil is consequently regulated, so that during the first time duration, which is preferably stored in the control unit, another average coil current and thus another excitation applied to the coil as in a second time period following the first time duration, in which the second position is brought about or held. For this purpose, the control unit specifically controls the coil current present on the coil.

Es ist ebenso denkbar, dass die Steuervorrichtung die zweite Position herbeiführt, sobald eine voreingestellte Spannung oder Strom über den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten vorliegt bzw. überschritten wurde. Anhand dieses Kriteriums würde folglich die erste Zeitdauer bestimmt werden.It is also conceivable that the control device brings about the second position as soon as a preset voltage or current has been present or exceeded via the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. On the basis of this criterion, the first time duration would consequently be determined.

Der mit der Erfindung erzielte Vorteil besteht darin, dass unabhängig von einer Toleranzlage der Kontakte des Hilfsschalters und des Schützes, der vorliegenden Temperatur oder der anliegenden Steuerspannung eine Vorladung des nachgeschalteten Kondensators über den Hilfsschalter sichergestellt werden kann. Hierdurch kann ein optimales Vorladen eines dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Kondensators mittels des Hilfsschalters sichergestellt werden. Ferner werden die Kontakte des Hilfsschalters und des Schützes geschont.The advantage achieved by the invention is that regardless of a tolerance position of the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contactor, the present temperature or the applied control voltage pre-charging of the downstream capacitor can be ensured via the auxiliary switch. In this way, an optimal pre-charging of the switching device downstream capacitor can be ensured by means of the auxiliary switch. Furthermore, the contacts of the auxiliary switch and the contactor are spared.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt die erste Zeitdauer zwischen 5 Millisekunden und 30 Millisekunden. Vorzugsweise liegt die erste Zeitdauer zwischen 15 Millisekunden und 25 Millisekunden, insbesondere bei ca. 20 Millisekunden. Dadurch, dass die Vorladezeit des Kondensators mittels des Hilfsschalters unabhängig von der Toleranzlage, der vorliegenden Temperatur oder der anliegenden Steuerspannung ist, kann eine sichere Vorladezeit des dem Schaltgerät nachgeschalteten Kondensators gewährleistet werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first time duration is between 5 milliseconds and 30 milliseconds. Preferably, the first time period is between 15 milliseconds and 25 milliseconds, in particular about 20 milliseconds. Characterized in that the pre-charging of the capacitor by means of the auxiliary switch is independent of the tolerance position, the present temperature or the applied control voltage, a safe pre-charge of the switching device downstream of the capacitor can be ensured.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Steuervorrichtung eine Steuereinheit und einen Schalter, welcher in Serie zur Spule geschaltet ist, so dass über ihn der Spulenstrom der Spule gesteuert werden kann, wobei die Steuereinheit während der ersten Zeitdauer den Schalter derart ansteuert, insbesondere taktet, dass mittels der Erregung der Spule lediglich die erste Position eingenommen wird, und anschließend den Schalter derart ansteuert, dass mittels der Erregung der Spule die zweite Position eingenommen wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises a control unit and a switch, which is connected in series with the coil, so that the coil current of the coil can be controlled via it, wherein the control unit during the first period of time controls the switch in such a way, in particular clocks that only the first position is occupied by the excitation of the coil, and then controls the switch such that by means of the excitation of the coil, the second position is taken.

Mittels der Steuereinheit wird folglich die Versorgung der Spule mit dem Spulenstrom gezielt derart beeinflusst, dass unterschiedliche Erregungen an der Spule vorliegen. Während der ersten Zeitdauer wird die Spule gezielt derart erregt, dass lediglich die erste Position eingenommen und gehalten wird; d.h. die Schützkontaktbrücke ist nicht mit den Schützfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden. Während der zweiten Zeitdauer wird die Spule gezielt derart erregt, dass die zweite Position eingenommen und gehalten wird; d.h. die Schützkontaktbrücke ist mit den Schützfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden. Die erste Zeitdauer ist vorzugsweise fest in der Steuereinheit hinterlegt.By means of the control unit, consequently, the supply of the coil with the coil current is selectively influenced in such a way that different excitations are present on the coil. During the first period of time, the coil is selectively energized so that only the first position is taken and held; i.e. The contactor contact bridge is not electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts. During the second period, the coil is selectively energized so that the second position is taken and held; i.e. The contactor contact bridge is electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts. The first time period is preferably stored permanently in the control unit.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Steuervorrichtung zur Spannungsmessung einen Shunt, welcher in Serie zum Schalter angeordnet ist. Es liegt somit eine Serienschaltung aus der Spule, dem Schalter und dem Shunt vor, über welchem der Spulenstrom der Spule fließen kann. Durch das Einschalten des Schalters fließt Strom durch den Shunt, so dass ein Spannungsabfall am Shunt entsteht. Die Steuereinheit misst die Spannung über den Shunt und je nach Erreichen einer Spannungsschwelle für die verschiedenen Erregungsstufen der Spule (Erregungsstufe für die erste oder zweite Position), wird der Schalter in einem bestimmten Rhythmus ein- und ausgeschaltet. Es erfolgt eine Taktung. Mittels der Taktung wird ein sogenannter Durchschnittsspulenstrom innerhalb der Spule erzeugt. In Abhängigkeit dieses Durchschnittsspulenstromes wird eine bestimmte Erregung im Magnetsystem des Schaltgerätes erzeugt, so dass gezielt die erste oder zweite Position herbeigeführt und gehalten werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the voltage measuring control device comprises a shunt, which is arranged in series with the switch. There is thus a series connection of the coil, the switch and the shunt, over which the coil current of the coil can flow. Turning on the switch causes current to flow through the shunt causing a voltage drop across the shunt. The control unit measures the voltage across the shunt and, depending on reaching a voltage threshold for the various excitation levels of the coil (excitation level for the first or second position), the switch is switched on and off in a certain rhythm. There is a clocking. By means of the clocking, a so-called average coil current is generated within the coil. As a function of this average coil current, a certain excitation is generated in the magnet system of the switching device, so that the first or second position can be deliberately brought about and held.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuervorrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass sie zum Herbeiführen der zweiten Position die Spule für eine zweite Zeitdauer mit einem zweiten Durchschnittsspulenstrom erregt und anschließend zum Halten der zweiten Position die Spule mit einem dritten Durchschnittsspulenstrom erregt, wobei der zweite Durchschnittsspulenstrom höher als der dritte Durchschnittsspulenstrom ist. Nach der zweiten Zeitdauer wird der Schalter durch die Steuervorrichtung derart angesteuert, insbesondere getaktet, dass die Spule derart erregt ist, dass der Schalter des Schützes geschlossen bleibt. Der hierfür notwendige dritte Durchschnittsspulenstrom ist vorzugsweise niedriger als der erste Durchschnittsspulenstrom, welcher zum Herbeiführen und Halten der ersten Position erforderlich ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control device is designed such that, in order to bring about the second position, it energizes the coil for a second time duration with a second average coil current and then energizes the coil with a third average coil current for holding the second position, the second average coil current is higher than the third average coil current. After the second time period, the switch is controlled by the control device in such a way, in particular clocked that the coil is energized so that the switch of the contactor remains closed. The third average coil current required for this purpose is preferably lower than the first average coil current required for bringing about and holding the first position.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt ein System vor, welches einen Kondensator und das Schaltgerät umfasst, wobei der Kondensator mit dem Schaltgerät elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Der Kondensator kann mittels des Schaltgerätes an ein Versorgungsnetz geschaltet werden. Beim Zuschalten des Kondensators an das Versorgungsnetz erfolgt mittels des Schaltgerätes zunächst während der ersten Zeitdauer über den Hilfsschalter ein Vorladen des Kondensators. Nach Verstreichen der ersten Zeitdauer wird durch die Steuervorrichtung die Spule des Schützes derart erregt, dass die zweite Position eingenommen wird, so dass der Kondensator über das Schütz mit dem Versorgungsnetz verbunden ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a system is present, which comprises a capacitor and the switching device, wherein the capacitor is electrically conductively connected to the switching device. The capacitor can be switched by means of the switching device to a supply network. When connecting the capacitor to the power supply by means of the switching device initially during the first period of time via the auxiliary switch, a pre-charging of the capacitor. After elapse of the first period of time is energized by the control device, the coil of the contactor such that the second position is taken, so that the capacitor is connected via the contactor to the supply network.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Hilfsschalter mit dem Schütz mechanisch verbunden, so dass der Schützkontaktbrückenträger den Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger auslenken kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary switch is mechanically connected to the contactor, so that the contactor contact bridge carrier can deflect the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke, vorzugsweise durch eine erste Feder, beweglich im Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger gelagert und die Schützkontaktbrücke, vorzugsweise durch eine zweite Feder, beweglich im Schützkontaktbrückenträger gelagert. Hierdurch kann ein zeitlich versetztes Kontaktieren der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten gegenüber dem Kontaktieren der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten erfolgen. Ferner ist es möglich, dass nach erfolgter Kontaktierung beider Kontaktbrücken der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger sowie der Schützkontaktbrückenträger weiterhin in die durch das Schließen des Schützes eingeschlagene Bewegungsrichtung bewegt werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary switch contact bridge, preferably by a first spring, movably mounted in the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier and the contactor contact bridge, preferably by a second spring, movably mounted in the contactor contact bridge carrier. In this way, a time-delayed contacting of the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts relative to contacting the contactor contact bridge done with the contactor fixed contacts. Furthermore, it is possible that, after the contacting of both contact bridges, the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier and the contactor contact bridge carrier can continue to be moved into the direction of movement taken by closing the contactor.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Hilfsschalterfestkontakte mit den Schützfestkontakten jeweils an ihrem Eingangsbereich und an ihrem Ausgangsbereich mit einem Widerstandsdraht miteinander verbunden. Auf diese Weise kann der Kondensator bereits durch Schließen der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten aufgeladen werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary switch fixed contacts with the contactor fixed contacts are each connected to each other at its input region and at its output region with a resistance wire. In this way, the capacitor can already be charged by closing the auxiliary switch contact bridge with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts.

Im Folgenden werden die Erfindung und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Schaltgerätes zum Schalten eines Kondensators im geöffneten Zustand,
FIG 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Aufbaus einer Spulenansteuerung des Schützes aus FIG 1, und
FIG 3
einen zeitlichen Verlauf des Durschnittspulenstroms, welcher an der Spule anliegt, beim schrittweisen Zuschalten eines Kondensators mittels des Schaltgerätes nach FIG 1.
In the following, the invention and embodiments of the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a switching device for switching a capacitor in the open state,
FIG. 2
a schematic representation of a structure of a coil control of the contactor FIG. 1 , and
FIG. 3
a time course of the average electric current, which is applied to the coil, the stepwise connection of a capacitor by means of the switching device according to FIG. 1 ,

FIG 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Schaltgerätes zum Schalten eines Kondensators im geöffneten Zustand. Das Schaltgerät weist einen Hilfsschalter 1 sowie ein Schütz 2 auf. Der Hilfsschalter 1 ist hierbei auf das Schütz 2 aufgesetzt. Der Hilfsschalter 1 besteht aus zwei Hilfsschalterfestkontakten 4 und einem Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5, welcher eine Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke 3 beweglich lagert. Der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 ist über eine mit Zugkraft beaufschlagte dritte Feder 15 verbunden. Der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 weist ferner ein erstes Einrastmittel 11 auf. Das Schütz besteht aus zwei Schützfestkontakten 7 und einem Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8, welcher eine Schützkontaktbrücke 6 beweglich lagert. Der Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8 weist ferner ein zweites Einrastmittel 12 auf. Der Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8 ist mit einer mit Druckkraft beaufschlagten vierten Feder 16 verbunden. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a switching device for switching a capacitor in the open state. The switching device has an auxiliary switch 1 and a contactor 2. The auxiliary switch 1 is placed here on the contactor 2. The auxiliary switch 1 consists of two auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 and an auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5, which supports an auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 movable. The auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is connected via a third spring 15 acted upon by pulling force. The auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 also has a first latching means 11. The contactor consists of two contactor fixed contacts 7 and a contactor contact bridge carrier 8, which supports a contactor contact bridge 6 movably. The contactor contact bridge carrier 8 also has a second latching means 12. The contactor bridge carrier 8 is connected to a pressurized fourth spring 16.

Die Eingangsseite des Hilfsschalterfestkontakts 4 ist über einen Widerstandsdraht 9 mit der Eingangsseite des Schützfestkontakts 7 verbunden. Die Ausgangsseite des Hilfsschalterfestkontakts 4 ist über einen Widerstandsdraht 9 mit der Ausgangsseite des Schützfestkontakts 7 verbunden. Der Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8 ist durch sein zweites Einrastmittel 12 mit dem ersten Einrastmittel 11 des Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträgers 5 mechanisch verbunden. Diese mechanische Verbindung 10 kann durch Aufbringen einer vordefinierten Kraft ohne mechanische Beschädigung gelöst werden. Das Schütz 2 weist hierbei ein Trennmittel 13 auf. Dieses Trennmittel 13 ist dafür vorgesehen, dass es die mechanische Verbindung 10 zwischen dem ersten Einrastmittel 11 und dem zweiten Einrastmittel 12 löst. Das Trennmittel 13 weist hierfür eine Schräge auf, auf die der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 bei einem Einschalten des Schützes 2 bewegt wird. Da der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 mit dem Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8 miteinander verbunden ist, werden bei einem Einschalten des Schützes 2 beide Kontaktbrückenträger 5, 8 in Richtung des Richtungspfeils 14 bewegt.The input side of the auxiliary switch fixed contact 4 is connected via a resistance wire 9 to the input side of the contactor fixed contact 7. The output side of the auxiliary switch fixed contact 4 is connected via a resistance wire 9 to the output side of the contactor fixed contact 7. The contactor contact bridge carrier 8 is mechanically connected by its second latching means 12 with the first latching means 11 of the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5. This mechanical connection 10 can be achieved by applying a predefined force without mechanical damage. The contactor 2 in this case has a release agent 13. This release agent 13 is intended to release the mechanical connection 10 between the first latching means 11 and the second latching means 12. For this purpose, the separating means 13 has a bevel on which the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is moved when the contactor 2 is switched on. Since the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is connected to the contactor bridge carrier 8 with each other, when switching on the contactor 2 both contact bridge carrier 5, 8 are moved in the direction of the directional arrow 14.

Der in der FIG 1 gezeigte Zustand des Schaltgerätes stellt den Startzustand des Schaltgerätes dar. Hierbei ist das Schütz 2 ausgeschaltet bzw. geöffnet.The Indian FIG. 1 shown state of the switching device represents the start state of the switching device. In this case, the contactor 2 is turned off or opened.

Bei einem Einschalten des Schützes 2 bewegt der Schützkontaktbrückenträger 8 die Schützkontaktbrücke 6 in Richtung der Schützfestkontakte 7 und über die mechanische Verbindung 10 ebenso den Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 und somit die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke 3 in Richtung der Hilfsschalterfestkontakte 4. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers 8 sowie des Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträgers 5 wird durch den Richtungspfeil 14 angegeben. Bei diesem Schließvorgang stellt zunächst die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke 3 mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten 4 einen elektrischen Kontakt her. In dem Zustand, in welchem lediglich die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke 3 mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten 4 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist und die Schützkontaktbrücke 6 nicht mit den Schützfestkontakten 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist, liegt die erste Position vor. Der an das Schaltgerät angeschlossene Kondensator wird somit lediglich über den Hilfsschalter 1 aufgeladen. Da jeweils ein Widerstandsdraht 9 an dem Schützfestkontakt 7 angeschlossen ist, erfolgt eine elektrische Überbrückung durch den Hilfsschalter 1.When switching the contactor 2 of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 moves the contactor contact bridge 6 in the direction of contactor fixed contacts 7 and the mechanical connection 10 as well as the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 and thus the auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 in the direction of the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4. The direction of movement of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 and the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 by indicated the direction arrow 14. In this closing operation, the auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 initially establishes an electrical contact with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4. In the state in which only the auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 is electrically connected to the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 and the contactor contact bridge 6 is not electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts 7, the first position is present. The capacitor connected to the switching device is thus charged only via the auxiliary switch 1. Since in each case a resistance wire 9 is connected to the contactor fixed contact 7, there is an electrical bridging by the auxiliary switch. 1

Durch das Fortfahren der Bewegung des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers 8 stellt letztendlich auch die Schützkontaktbrücke 6 mit den Schützfestkontakten 7 einen elektrischen Kontakt her. Sobald die Schützkontaktbrücke 6 mit den Schützfestkontakten 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist liegt die zweite Position vor. Das Aufladen des Kondensators erfolgt folglich über das Schütz 2. Durch die Bewegung des Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträgers 5 sowie des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers 8 wird die Zugkraft der dritten Feder 15 vergrößert und die Rückdruckkraft der vierten Feder 16 ebenso vergrößert.By continuing the movement of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 ultimately also the contactor contact bridge 6 with the contactor fixed contacts 7 makes an electrical contact. As soon as the contactor contact bridge 6 is electrically connected to the contactor fixed contacts 7, the second position is present. The charging of the capacitor thus takes place via the contactor 2. By the movement of the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 and the contactor contact bridge carrier 8, the tensile force of the third spring 15 is increased and the back pressure force of the fourth spring 16 is also increased.

Durch ein Fortfahren der Bewegung des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers 8 in Richtung des Bewegungspfeils 14 wird der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 gegen das Trennmittel 13 bewegt. Durch die weitere Bewegung des Schützkontaktbrückenträgers 8 in Richtung des Bewegungspfeils 14 wird die Kraft des Trennmittels 13 gegenüber den Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 vergrößert, bis die mechanische Verbindung 10 zwischen dem ersten Einrastmittel 11 und dem zweiten Einrastmittel 12 gelöst wird. Das Lösen der mechanischen Verbindung 10 erfolgt erst nach dem ein elektrisches Kontaktieren der Schützkontaktbrücke 6 mit den Schützfestkontakten 7 stattgefunden hat. Durch die Zugkraft der dritten Feder 15 wird nun der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger 5 in den Startzustand zurückbewegt. Die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke 3 löst folglich die Kontaktierung mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten 4 und die elektrische Kontaktierung zwischen den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten 4 wird unterbrochen.By continuing the movement of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 in the direction of the movement arrow 14, the auxiliary contact contact bridge carrier 5 is moved against the separating means 13. Due to the further movement of the contactor contact bridge carrier 8 in the direction of the movement arrow 14, the force of the separating means 13 relative to the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is increased until the mechanical connection 10 between the first latching means 11 and the second latching means 12 is released. The release of the mechanical connection 10 takes place only after an electrical contact of the contactor contact bridge 6 with the contactor fixed contacts 7 has taken place. Due to the tensile force of the third spring 15, the auxiliary switch contact bridge carrier 5 is now moved back into the starting state. The auxiliary switch contact bridge 3 thus triggers the contact with the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 and the electrical contact between the auxiliary switch fixed contacts 4 is interrupted.

FIG 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Aufbaus einer Spulenansteuerung des Schützes aus FIG 1. Zu sehen ist ein Steuerspannungsanschluss 17, ein Gleichrichter 18, eine Steuereinheit 19, eine Spule 20 des elektromechanischen Antriebs des Schützes, eine Freilaufdiode 21, einen Schalter 22 und einen Shunt 23. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a structure of a coil drive of the contactor FIG. 1 , A control voltage connection 17, a rectifier 18, a control unit 19, a coil 20 of the electromechanical drive of the contactor, a freewheeling diode 21, a switch 22 and a shunt 23 can be seen.

Über den Steuerspannungsanschluss 17 kann mittels einer dezentral zum Schaltgerät angeordneten Geräteeinheit ein Befehl zum Einschalten des Schaltgerätes und somit zum Zuschalten des Kondensators an ein Versorgungsnetz an das Schaltgerät ausgegeben werden. Hierfür wird eine charakteristische Spannung über die Anschlüsse des Steuerspannungsanschlusses 17 angelegt. Mittels eines Gleichrichters 18 wird die am Steuerspannungsanschluss 17 anliegende Wechselspannung in Gleichspannung umgewandelt. Die Steuereinheit 19 detektiert einen derartigen Zustandswechsel am Steuerspannungsanschluss 17 und leitet daraufhin das Stufenweise zuschalten des Kondensators ein. Hierbei wird der Kondensator zunächst gezielt für eine erste Zeitdauer über den Hilfsschalter mit dem Versorgungsnetz verbunden und nach Verstreichen der ersten Zeitdauer über das Schütz mit dem Versorgungsnetz verbunden. Hierfür wird die Spule 20 des Schützes gezielt unterschiedlich erregt.Via the control voltage connection 17, a command for switching on the switching device and thus for connecting the capacitor to a supply network to the switching device can be output by means of a decentralized to the switching device device unit. For this purpose, a characteristic voltage is applied across the terminals of the control voltage terminal 17. By means of a rectifier 18, the voltage applied to the control voltage terminal 17 AC voltage is converted into DC voltage. The control unit 19 detects such a state change at the control voltage terminal 17 and then initiates the stepwise switching on of the capacitor. Here, the capacitor is first selectively connected for a first period of time via the auxiliary switch with the supply network and connected after the lapse of the first period of time via the contactor with the supply network. For this purpose, the coil 20 of the contactor is selectively energized differently.

Durch das Einschalten des Schalters 22 fließt Strom durch die Spule 20 und den Shunt 23. Dieser erzeugt einen Spannungsabfall. Dieser Spannungsabfall wird durch die Steuereinheit 19 mittels des Shunts 23 gemessen. Je nach Erreichen einer Spannungsschwelle für die verschiedenen Erregungsstufen der Spule 20, wird der Schalter 22 in einem bestimmten Rhythmus ein-und ausgeschaltet. Mittels der Taktung des Schalters 22 kann somit ein unterschiedlicher Durchschnittsspulenstrom innerhalb der Spule 20 erzeugt werden. In Abhängigkeit dieses Durchschnittsspulenstroms wird somit eine bestimmte Erregung im Magnetsystem des Schützes erzeugt. Die Steuereinheit 19 kann somit gezielt über die Taktung des Schalters 22 eine erwünschte Erregung der Spule 20 herbeiführt. Über die Erregung der Spule 20 kann letztendlich gezielt gesteuert werden, ob das Schaltgerät die erste oder die zweite Position einnimmt.By turning on the switch 22, current flows through the coil 20 and the shunt 23. This generates a voltage drop. This voltage drop is measured by the control unit 19 by means of the shunt 23. Depending on reaching a voltage threshold for the different excitation levels of the coil 20, the switch 22 is turned on and off in a certain rhythm. By means of the timing of the switch 22, a different average coil current can thus be generated within the coil 20. Depending on this average coil current thus a certain excitation is generated in the magnet system of the contactor. The control unit 19 can thus deliberately caused by the timing of the switch 22, a desired excitation of the coil 20. The excitation of the coil 20 can ultimately be selectively controlled whether the switching device occupies the first or the second position.

Die Spannungsversorgung der Steuereinheit 19 erfolgt über die am Steuerspannungsanschluss 17 anliegende Spannung.The voltage supply of the control unit 19 via the voltage applied to the control voltage terminal 17 voltage.

FIG 3 zeigt einen zeitlichen Verlauf des Durchschnittsspulenstroms, welcher an der Spule anliegt, beim schrittweisen Zuschalten eines Kondensators mittels des Schaltgerätes nach FIG 1. Die Spulenansteuerung des Schützes entspricht dem in FIG 2 gezeigtem nicht abschließenden Aufbau der Spulenansteuerung des Schützes. Die Ordinate 25 zeigt die Höhe des Durchschnittsspulenstroms, welcher an der Spule anliegt. Die Zeit ist über die Abszisse 26 dargestellt. Es ist somit der zeitliche Verlauf des Durchschnittsspulenstroms und somit die Erregung der Spule über die Zeit ersichtlich. FIG. 3 shows a time course of the average coil current, which is applied to the coil, the stepwise connection of a capacitor by means of the switching device after FIG. 1 , The coil control of the contactor corresponds to the in FIG. 2 Shown not final construction of the coil control of the contactor. The ordinate 25 shows the height of the average coil current applied to the coil. The time is shown on the abscissa 26. It is thus the time course of the average coil current and thus the excitation of the coil over time visible.

Die Steuereinheit erhält zum Zeitpunkt 24 den Befehl zum Einschalten des Schaltgerätes und somit den Befehl Zuschalten des Kondensators an das Versorgungsnetz.The control unit receives at time 24 the command to switch on the switching device and thus the command connecting the capacitor to the supply network.

In einem ersten Schritt steuert die Steuereinheit für eine erste Zeitdauer 27, insbesondere für 20 Millisekunden, den Schalter derart an, dass die Spule des elektromechanischen Antriebs des Schützes derart erregt wird, dass der Schützkontaktbrückenträger und hierüber der Hilfsschalterkontaktbrückenträger so ausgelenkt werden, dass die erste Position herbeigeführt und gehalten wird. An der Spule liegt somit eine erste Erregung vor, bei welcher lediglich die Hilfsschalterkontaktbrücke mit den Hilfsschalterfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. In diesem Zustand wird der Kondensator über das Hilfsschütz vorgeladen.In a first step, the control unit controls the switch for a first time period 27, in particular for 20 milliseconds, such that the coil of the electromechanical drive of the contactor is energized such that the contactor contact carrier and thereby the auxiliary contact bridge carrier are deflected so that the first position brought and kept. Thus, a first excitation is present at the coil, in which only the auxiliary switch contact bridge is electrically conductively connected to the auxiliary switch fixed contacts. In this state, the capacitor is pre-charged via the auxiliary contactor.

Unmittelbar nach der ersten Zeitdauer 27 steuert die Steuereinheit für eine zweite Zeitdauer 28, insbesondere für 30 Millisekunden, den Schalter derart an, dass die Spule derart erregt wird, dass der Schützkontaktbrückenträger so ausgelenkt wird, dass die zweite Position herbeigeführt wird. Der zum Herstellen der zweiten Position notwendige zweite Durchschnittsspulenstrom 32 ist höher als der erste Durchschnittsspulenstrom 31 zum Herbeiführen und Halten der ersten Position. An der Spule liegt somit eine zweite Erregung vor, bei welcher die Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Der Kondensator ist nun direkt über das Schütz mit dem Versorgungsnetz verbunden. Die erste Erregung der Spule ist niedriger als die zweite Erregung der Spule.Immediately after the first time period 27, the control unit controls the switch for a second period of time 28, in particular for 30 milliseconds, such that the coil is energized such that the contactor contact bridge carrier is deflected so that the second position is brought about. The second average coil current 32 necessary for establishing the second position is higher than the first average coil current 31 for inducing and holding the first position. Thus, a second excitation is present at the coil, in which the contactor contact bridge is electrically conductively connected to the contactor fixed contacts. The capacitor is now connected directly to the supply network via the contactor. The first excitation of the coil is lower than the second excitation of the coil.

Unmittelbar nach der zweiten Zeitdauer 28 steuert die Steuereinheit für eine dritte Zeitdauer 28 bis zum Empfangen eines Signals 30 zum Öffnen des Schützes den Schalter derart an, dass die Spule derart erregt wird, dass der Schützkontaktbrückenträger so ausgelenkt bleibt, dass die zweite Position gehalten wird. Der zum Halten der zweiten Position notwendige dritte Durchschnittsspulenstrom 33 ist niedriger als der erste Durchschnittsspulenstrom 31. An der Spule liegt somit eine dritte Erregung vor. Die dritte Erregung der Spule ist niedriger als die erste und zweite Erregung der Spule.Immediately after the second time period 28, the controller, for a third time period 28 until receiving a contactor opening signal 30, actuates the switch to energize the coil such that the contactor bridge carrier is deflected to hold the second position. The third average coil current 33 necessary for holding the second position is lower than the first average coil current 31. Thus, there is a third excitation on the coil. The third excitation of the coil is lower than the first and second excitation of the coil.

Beim Empfangen des Signals 30 zum Öffnen des Schützes wird der Schalter geöffnet, so dass keine Erregung der Spule vorliegt. Das Schütz öffnet automatisch die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen der Schützkontaktbrücke mit den Schützfestkontakten, so dass die elektrisch leitende Verbindung des Kondensators zum Versorgungsnetz über das Schaltgerät vollständig getrennt wird.Upon receiving the contactor opening signal 30, the switch is opened so that there is no energization of the coil. The contactor automatically opens the electrically conductive connection between the contactor contact bridge and the contactor fixed contacts, so that the electrically conductive connection of the contactor Capacitor is completely disconnected from the supply network via the switching device.

Der erste Durchschnittsspulenstrom 31 ist der Strom, welcher als arithmetisches Mittel über die erste Zeitdauer 27 an der Spule anliegt. Der zweite Durchschnittsspulenstrom 32 ist der Strom, welcher als arithmetisches Mittel über die zweite Zeitdauer 28 an der Spule anliegt. Der dritte Durchschnittsspulenstrom 33 ist der Strom, welcher als arithmetisches Mittel über die dritte Zeitdauer 29 an der Spule anliegt.The first average coil current 31 is the current applied as an arithmetic mean over the first time period 27 to the coil. The second average coil current 32 is the current which is applied to the coil as an arithmetic mean over the second time period 28. The third average coil current 33 is the current applied as an arithmetic mean over the third time period 29 to the coil.

Bei den herkömmlichen Schaltgeräten kann die Belastung insbesondere für die Kontakte des Schützes sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen. Werden ferner die Prellzeiten (nehmen mit steigender Schließgeschwindigkeit zu) der Vorladekontakte des Hilfsschalters betrachtet, wird dies noch ungünstiger für die Kontakte des Schützes. Dies reduziert die Lebensdauer und kann zum verschweißen führen.In the conventional switching devices, the load can be very different, in particular for the contacts of the contactor. Furthermore, if the bounce times (increasing with increasing closing speed) of the precharging contacts of the auxiliary switch are considered, this becomes even less favorable for the contacts of the contactor. This reduces the service life and can lead to welding.

Durch das zeitlich geregelte Zuschalten des Kondensators über die gesteuerte Erregung der Spule des Schützes, kann dies nicht passieren. Die Vorladezeit wird unabhängig von der Nennspannung konstant gehalten. Hierdurch haben Prellzeiten keinen Einfluss auf die Lebensdauer der Kontakte des Schützes. Die Kontakte des Schützes sehen immer einen Strom, den sie schalten können, ohne zu verschweißen.This can not happen due to the timed connection of the capacitor via the controlled excitation of the coil of the contactor. The precharge time is kept constant regardless of the rated voltage. As a result, bounce times have no influence on the service life of the contacts of the contactor. The contacts of the contactor always see a current that they can switch without welding.

Um die voreilenden Kontakte des Hilfsschalters zum Schließen zu bringen wird eine bestimmte Erregung seitens des Magnetantriebes des Schützes gefordert. Diese Erregung wird mittels Stromregelung über einen Shunt für eine bestimmte Zeit (z.B. 20 Millisekunden) zur Verfügung gestellt. Anschließend wird die höhere Erregung der Spule zum Schließen der Kontakte des Schützes und des Magnetsystems bereitgestellt. Nachdem das Schütz und das Magnetsystem geschlossen haben, koppelt der Hilfsschalter ab (mechanisch oder magnetisch) und die Erregung des Magnetsystems wird auf Halten umgeschaltet (dritte Erregung). Die verschiedenen Stromwerte für die verschiedenen Erregungen werden mittels Shunt und einer Schwellenauswertung realisiert. Die Schwellenauswertung kann durch einen Mikrocontroller oder durch eine Komparatorschaltung realisiert werden.In order to bring the leading contacts of the auxiliary switch to close, a certain excitation on the part of the magnetic drive of the contactor is required. This excitation is provided by current regulation via a shunt for a certain time (eg 20 milliseconds). Subsequently, the higher excitation of the coil to close the contacts of the contactor and the magnet system is provided. After the contactor and the magnet system have closed, the auxiliary switch disconnects (mechanically or magnetically) and the excitation of the magnet system is switched to hold (third excitation). The different current values for the different ones Excitations are realized by shunt and threshold evaluation. The threshold evaluation can be realized by a microcontroller or by a comparator circuit.

Durch die spezielle elektronische Ansteuerung des Magnetsystems des Schützes in mehreren Stufen mittels der Stromregelung der Spule (Strommessung erfolgt über einen Shunt, durch verschiedene Schwellenauswertungen sind verschiedene Erregungen innerhalb des Eisenkreises möglich) wird eine sichere Vorladezeit des Kondensators ermöglicht. Hierdurch kann ein starkes Abbrennen der Kontakte des Schützes verhindert werden.Due to the special electronic control of the magnet system of the contactor in several stages by means of the current control of the coil (current measurement via a shunt, different thresholds are different excitations within the iron circuit possible) a safe pre-charge time of the capacitor is possible. As a result, a strong burning of the contacts of the contactor can be prevented.

Durch das vorteilhafte Zuschalten des Kondensators mittels der gezielten Erregung der Spule während der ersten Zeitdauer erfolgt eine sichere und konstante Vorladung des Kondensators, unabhängig von der Temperatur, der Spannung und der Toleranzlage des Schaltgerätes. Die Einschaltgeschwindigkeit des Hilfsschalters und des Schützes ist konstant. Durch das zeitlich gesteuerte und hierdurch verschleißärmere Schließen der Kontakte des Schaltgerätes, ist der Verlust an Silbermaterial an den Kontakten des Schaltgerätes geringer, so dass eine Reduzierung des Silbermaterials möglich ist. Hierdurch ergeben sich Kostenvorteile. Ferner wird durch die elektronische Spulenansteuerung eine Energieeinsparung erzielt.Due to the advantageous connection of the capacitor by means of the targeted excitation of the coil during the first period of time, a safe and constant precharging of the capacitor, regardless of the temperature, the voltage and the tolerance position of the switching device. The switch-on speed of the auxiliary switch and the contactor is constant. Due to the time-controlled and thereby wear-poor closing of the contacts of the switching device, the loss of silver material at the contacts of the switching device is lower, so that a reduction of the silver material is possible. This results in cost advantages. Furthermore, an energy saving is achieved by the electronic coil drive.

Claims (7)

  1. Switching device for switching a capacitor with a contactor (2) and an auxiliary switch (1) connected to the contactor (2), wherein the auxiliary switch (1) has auxiliary switch fixed contacts (4), an auxiliary switch contact bridge (3) and an auxiliary switch contact bridge support (5), which movably supports the auxiliary switch contact bridge (3), and the contactor (2) has contactor fixed contacts (7), a contactor contact bridge (6), a contactor contact bridge support (8), which movably supports the contactor contact bride (6), and a coil (20), wherein the auxiliary switch contact bridge support (5) is actively connected to the contactor contact bridge support (8) and is embodied such that when the contactor (2) is switched on, the auxiliary switch contact bridge (3) and the contactor contact bridge (6) are firstly deflected into a first position, in which only the auxiliary switch contact bridge (3) is electrically conductingly connected to the auxiliary switch fixed contacts (4), and are then deflected into a second position, in which the contactor contact bridge (6) is electrically conductingly connected to the contactor fixed contacts (7), wherein in order to switch on the contactor (2) the coil (20) is to be excited with a coil current,
    characterised in that
    the contactor (2) comprises a control device, which, in order to switch on the contactor (2) for a first duration (27), excites the coil (20) such that only the first position is adopted, and then excites the coil (20) so that the second position is adopted.
  2. Switching device according to claim 1, wherein the first duration (27) lies between 2 milliseconds and 20 milliseconds.
  3. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device comprises a control unit (19) and a switch (22), which is switched in series with the coil (20) so that the coil current of the coil (20) can be controlled thereby, wherein during the first duration (27) the control unit (19) actuates, in particular clocks, the switch (22) such that only the first position is adopted by means of exciting the coil (20) and then actuates the switch (22) so that the second position is adopted by means of exciting the coil (20).
  4. Switching device according to claim 3, wherein for voltage measurement purposes the control device comprises a shunt (23) which is arranged in series with the switch (22).
  5. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device is embodied such that in order to effectuate the second position, it excites the coil (20) for a second duration (28) with a second average coil current (32) and then in order to hold the second position excites the coil (20) with a third average coil current (33), wherein the second average coil current (32) is higher than the third average coil current (33).
  6. System for connecting a capacitor with a capacitor and a switching device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the capacitor is electrically conductingly connected to the switching device.
  7. Method for connecting a capacitor arranged downstream of a switching device according to one of claims 1 to 5 to a supply network, having the following steps:
    - exciting the coil (20) for a first duration (27) with a first average coil current (31), so that only the auxiliary switch contact bridge (3) is electrically conductingly connected to the auxiliary switch fixed contacts (4),
    - then exciting the coil (20) with a second average coil current (32) so that the contactor contact bridge (6) is electrically conductingly connected to the contactor fixed contacts (7).
EP13158280.1A 2013-03-08 2013-03-08 Switching device for switching a capacitor Active EP2775502B1 (en)

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EP3002769B1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2017-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Integrated circuit breaker
US10153120B1 (en) 2015-04-24 2018-12-11 Abb Schweiz Ag Bypass switch comprising a movable member with a first conductive section and a second conductive section
DE102015119352B4 (en) * 2015-11-10 2018-06-07 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH ELECTROMECHANIC PROTECTION SWITCH
CN107204259B (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-01-29 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of relay
CN107204257B (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-03-29 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of relay

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DE1763462C3 (en) * 1968-06-01 1973-12-06 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Arrangement for the output of any number of electromagnetic controllable contactors
DE10009499C1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-27 Siemens Ag Electromechanical switching device auxiliary module esp. for contactor - has intermediate element retained in idle position in housing by basic spring force and displaced into active position against spring force by switching device actuator
DE102009052626A1 (en) 2009-11-10 2011-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device for switching a capacitor
DE102010032456B4 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-11-29 Schaltbau Gmbh Electric contactor

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