EP2772686B1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés au fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur dans un incinérateur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés au fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur dans un incinérateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2772686B1
EP2772686B1 EP14156099.5A EP14156099A EP2772686B1 EP 2772686 B1 EP2772686 B1 EP 2772686B1 EP 14156099 A EP14156099 A EP 14156099A EP 2772686 B1 EP2772686 B1 EP 2772686B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
temperature
drum
water
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP14156099.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2772686A1 (fr
Inventor
Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Otto
Dr.-Ing. Jens Sohnemann
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Maghon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Application filed by Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH, Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH
Publication of EP2772686A1 publication Critical patent/EP2772686A1/fr
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Publication of EP2772686B1 publication Critical patent/EP2772686B1/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/02Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers with natural convection circulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam generator according to the preamble of the first claim and a device for performing the method.
  • the invention relates to a steam generator, in particular a steam generator as a water tube boiler with its own furnace or as a waste heat boiler, for. B. according to DIN EN 12952 "water tube boilers and system components", which are equipped as a natural circulation steam generator with a steam drum.
  • This steam drum contains boiling water and wet steam at a boiling temperature according to the steam pressure. The boiling water is fed to the evaporator while the wet steam in the superheater is subsequently heated to the final temperature.
  • the invention particularly relates to a control of the steam generator operation with regard to the sufficient cooling of evaporator heating surfaces. It is particularly suitable for steam generators, which e.g. Rust or fluidized bed furnaces, in particular, therefore, are heated with refuse furnaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to steam generators which are operated in the temperature equilibrium between drum steam, drum water and downpipe water.
  • the invention is used in particular to be able to assess a possible risk or damage to the steam generator in the event of malfunctions with the water level in the steam drum no longer being displayed.
  • Disturbances in natural circulation can be determined continuously on the basis of the difference between the temperature of the water-steam mixture coming from the evaporator at at least one point before entering the drum and the boiling temperature in the evaporator.
  • Out DE000019856417A1 is a steam generator with an evaporator, steam drum and superheater for use in waste incineration plants.
  • the drum water level measurement which is designed redundantly and detects deviations from the water level setpoint, is usually used as a water deficiency indicator.
  • This measurement is usually / in many cases limited to the permissible control range of the water level according to the design. E.g. with a drum diameter of 1800 mm for deviations of approx. +/- 350 mm based on the setpoint approx. at the height of the drum center.
  • this low water protection device responds, the furnace is also automatically switched off, including the fuel feed.
  • WO 2009/024 358 It is proposed to determine the liquid column in the downpipes of the forced-circulation waste heat boiler of a combined cycle plant using differential pressure measurements of the height of the evaporator tubes. With the pressure measured in this way, the height of the liquid column can basically be determined, provided the average density (kg / m 3 ) of the water / steam content is known. However, the average density in the evaporator tube is generally not known. Furthermore, this device, which requires a forced circulation of the water / steam mixture, measures the temperature of the flue gas, but not in the riser pipe of the system.
  • JPO 58070007 A can be regarded as a prior art document.
  • JPO 58070007 A describes a method for operating a steam generator with feed water supply into the steam drum and an evaporator with a circulation pump.
  • This steam generator is part of a GUD system and is heated by the exhaust gases from a gas turbine.
  • the exhaust gases are usually the Gas turbine switched over from the bypass to the steam generator practically abruptly only after the turbine had been started via a flue gas flap. This leads to high temporal and local temperature gradients in the thick-walled boiler components.
  • JPO 58070007 the temperature change speed of this component is monitored by measuring the drum temperature and, if a limit value is exceeded, is slowed down specifically by changing the operating mode of the gas turbine. In this way, the thermal load for thick-walled components such as the drum and housing of the circulation pump is to be minimized and damage avoided.
  • the monitoring of the rate of temperature change in the drum proposed in JPO 58070007 is not suitable for detecting overheating of evaporator tubes due to lack of water and for preventing these evaporator tubes from suddenly cooling.
  • US 4 802 446 describes a method for operating a steam generator with a feed water supply by means of a feed water pump into a steam drum, an evaporator with a water drum and the circulation of the water-steam mixture in at least one downpipe and a steam discharge pipe.
  • the risk is described that due to insufficient density differences due to steam bubble cracking in the downpipe, the natural circulation is disturbed or the delivery rate of the circulation pump is no longer sufficient for safe operation.
  • the temperature difference between the steam drum and the unheated medium in the downpipe, ie before heating is measured.
  • this disadvantage can be avoided by focusing on the detection of an onset of local overheating of the water-steam mixture as a result of an insufficient water supply.
  • the temperature difference between the steam drum and the medium in the steam discharge pipe, ie above the heating of the evaporator, is determined.
  • the distinctive can then be evaluated by evaluating the change in state from saturated steam to superheated steam Temperature difference to the boiling temperature in the steam drum can be reliably detected. Due to the then significant temperature differences, this measurement variable can be detected without any problems.
  • WO 2013/074767 A1 A device which represents a solar power plant with temperature sensors (92) which are connected to a controller (96) for controlling a heater (90), the evaluation unit being below a certain temperature in the pipe and reversing the flow direction of the Natural circulation ( Figures 4 to 7) turns on an additional heater to avoid frost damage that can occur at low temperatures and lack of insulation.
  • the monitoring device is connected to a measuring device arranged in the flow direction of the natural circulation between the steam generator and the steam drum and a pressure or / and a temperature measuring device in order to trigger an alarm to an operator when the There is a risk that overheated evaporator tubes will be damaged by shock-like cooling.
  • the solution according to the invention provides a method for operating a steam generator with a feed water supply and a feed water pump, the steam generator being arranged in an incineration plant with a grate furnace or a fluidized bed furnace, in particular a refuse furnace.
  • the steam generator in particular a superheated steam generator, has a so-called steam drum in which boiling water and wet steam are in thermodynamic equilibrium at a boiling temperature according to steam pressure.
  • the feed water is fed into the steam drum by the feed water pump and mixed into the boiling water.
  • the boiling water in the steam drum is fed to an evaporator via down pipes by means of natural circulation and returns to the steam drum via the steam discharge pipes.
  • Evaporator and steam drum are operated in the temperature equilibrium between drum steam, drum water and downpipe water.
  • the wet steam is fed to a superheater through a line for further use.
  • the drum water level measurement which is designed redundantly and detects deviations from the water level setpoint, is usually used as a water deficiency indicator.
  • This measurement is usually / in many cases limited to the permissible control range of the water level according to the design. E.g. with a drum diameter of 1800 mm for deviations of approx. +/- 350 mm based on the setpoint approx. at the height of the drum center.
  • a lack of water is found, appropriate measures are initiated by the plant's control system in accordance with the state of the art. This can be a feed water supply, a restriction of the combustion air or a reduction in the feed material.
  • the solution according to the invention envisages using a measuring device to measure the media temperature of the water-steam mixture coming from the evaporator in the steam discharge pipe at at least one point before entering the steam drum.
  • the boiling temperature on the steam generator preferably in the steam drum, must be measured or determined. In a preferred embodiment variant, this can be done by direct or indirect temperature measurement on the steam drum.
  • the person skilled in the art understands the medium temperature as the temperature which the medium has at the measuring point in question. Medium is the water-steam mixture in the pipe.
  • Another preferred embodiment provides for measuring the pressure on the steam generator, preferably in the steam drum. This is advantageously done continuously. For this purpose, a suitable temperature or pressure measuring device must be available on the drum.
  • the pressure measuring device can be designed in the form of a pressure transmitter, the temperature measuring device on the drum in the form of a temperature sensor or a thermometer.
  • the boiling temperature in the steam generator is calculated from the pressure measured in the steam generator, preferably in the steam drum. This calculation is carried out using a control technology program according to the steam table. Such calculation methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the solution according to the invention provides for the temperature of the water vapor mixture emerging from the evaporator in the steam discharge pipes to be measured directly and continuously at at least one point before entering the steam drum.
  • temperature measuring devices must be provided in the steam discharge pipes at least at one point before entering the steam drum.
  • one or more sensors can be arranged in the steam discharge pipes by means of immersion sleeves.
  • the temperature in the steam discharge pipes is advantageously measured continuously.
  • a difference is determined in the control system program from the measured temperature of the medium in the steam discharge pipe and the calculated / measured boiling temperature in the steam generator, preferably in the steam drum. This difference value is used to trigger a signal that immediately informs the operator of the dangerous operating state via the process control system.
  • this signal automatically triggers additional measures within the process control system, e.g. Blocking of the feed water supply to prevent further damage to the overheated evaporator pipes after a previous lack of water due to shock-like cooling.
  • Both the temperature measuring device in the steam discharge pipes and the pressure / temperature measuring device on the steam generator, preferably in the steam drum, are evaluated in a monitoring device, the difference between the temperature measured in the steam discharge pipes and directly measured or determined from the pressure measurement calculated / measured boiling temperature in the control technology program becomes.
  • the temperature in the steam discharge pipes that is to say in front of the steam drum, is higher than in the steam generator, preferably in the steam drum, there is a lack of water in the evaporator.
  • the increased temperature is the indicator of overheating that occurs in the evaporator.
  • the monitoring device sends a signal to the higher-level process control system.
  • the operator must now take measures so that further heat supply to the evaporator is immediately prevented.
  • Such a measure can consist in closing a valve for feed water supply.
  • Any subsequent risk to the steam generator can be assessed by subsequently evaluating the chronological course of the recorded operating data.
  • the method and the device according to the invention have the advantage that the function of the natural circulation of the water-steam mixture of a steam generator of incineration plants can be determined independently of the drum water level measurement and component damage through shock-like cooling of overheated evaporation pipes and a further supply of heat can be avoided, since the dangerous operating situation is clearly signaled.
  • Feed water 1 from a feed water tank, not shown, is raised to the pressure level of the steam generator by means of feed water pump 2 and fed to the steam drum 4 of the steam generator considered here.
  • the feed water pump 2 is via a level control not belonging to the invention controlled in the steam drum 4.
  • the feed water 1 in the feed water preheater 3 economizer
  • the steam drum 4 there are boiling water 10 and wet steam 11 at a boiling temperature according to the steam pressure.
  • the boiling water 10 is fed through the unheated downpipe 6 to the evaporator 7 from below and flows through the evaporator 7 from the bottom up. On the way through the evaporator, so much heat is added to the water that part of the boiling water 10 evaporates.
  • the water-steam mixture consisting of boiling water 10 and wet steam 11 is returned to the steam drum 4 arranged above the evaporator 7.
  • the wet steam 11 is separated from the boiling water 10 and supplied to the superheater 19.
  • the boiling water 10 is fed through the unheated downpipe 6 back to the evaporator 7 from below.
  • a measuring device 9 for the media temperature is arranged in the steam discharge pipe 8 between the evaporator 7 and the steam drum 4. Furthermore, the pressure measuring device 12 or the temperature measuring device 20 (see FIG. Figure 2 ) arranged.
  • the measuring device 9 for the media temperature like the pressure measuring device 12 or the temperature measuring device 20 (see FIG. Figure 2 ) used as part of the monitoring device 15.
  • the monitoring device 15 calculates the associated boiling temperature 13 in the control system program from the pressure measured in the steam drum 4 according to the water-steam table and determines the temperature difference 14 between the boiling temperature 13 and the measured temperature 9 in the steam discharge pipe 8 in front of the steam drum 4th
  • the feed water pump 2 can feed feed water 1 into the steam drum 4 as needed via the economizer 3 and the evaporator 7 is supplied continuously.
  • the steam is already overheating in the evaporator and there is therefore a disturbance in the natural circulation 5 with lack of water in the evaporator.
  • This state is reliably recognized by the monitoring device 15 and alarmed to the operator via the process control technology 17. This must now immediately prevent further heat supply to the evaporator by taking suitable measures. In the current state, make-up of the evaporator 7 is no longer permitted.
  • any damage to the steam generator that may have occurred can be assessed by subsequent evaluation of the recorded operating data 8 in the operating data memory 18. As long as no non-zero values have been recorded for the temperature difference 14, it can be assumed that there was still an adequate water supply to the steam generator. The boiling water reserves in the steam drum 4 and the downpipe system were thus sufficient.
  • the Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the method and the device for operating a steam generator, a temperature measuring device 20 being arranged on the steam drum 4 for temperature measurement and in the monitoring device 15 the temperature of the temperature measuring device 20 being compared with the temperature measured by means of measuring device 9 on the steam discharge pipe 8 has been.
  • the monitoring device 15 sends a signal 16 to the process control system 17 and the operating data storage 18.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur avec une alimentation en eau au moyen d'une pompe d'eau d'alimentation (2) dans un ballon à vapeur (4), un évaporateur (7) et une circulation naturelle d'un mélange d'eau et de vapeur dans un tube de descente et d'évacuation de vapeur (6, 8), le générateur de vapeur fonctionnant en équilibre thermique entre la vapeur du ballon, l'eau du ballon et l'eau du tube de descente, caractérisé en ce que
    - une température de milieu mesurée au moyen d'un dispositif de mesure (9), à savoir la température du mélange d'eau et de vapeur provenant de l'évaporateur (7) est mesurée dans le tube d'évacuation (8), à au moins un endroit en amont de l'entrée dans le ballon à vapeur (4), au moyen de capteurs dans des capsules d'immersion.
    - une température d'ébullition (13) dans le ballon à vapeur (4) est mesurée ou calculée, et
    - une différence de température (14) est déterminée à partir de la température de milieu mesurée dans le tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8) au moyen du dispositif de mesure et de la température d'ébullition (13) dans le ballon à vapeur (4), différence, dont la valeur est destinée à déclencher un signal (16) qui engendre la prise de mesures pour éviter des dommages à l'installation.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la température d'ébullition (13) dans le ballon à vapeur (4) est mesurée directement ou indirectement.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la température d'ébullition (13) dans le ballon à vapeur (4) est déterminée en déterminant la pression dans le ballon à vapeur (4) et, à partir de celle-ci, à calculer la température d'ébullition (13).
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pression dans le ballon à vapeur (4) et la température de milieu mesurée au moyen du dispositif de mesure (9) dans le tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8) sont mesurées continuellement.
  5. Procédé suivant les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que des mesures pour éviter des dommages sont prises dans la mesure où la température du mélange d'eau et de vapeur dans le tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8) est supérieure à la température d'ébullition (13) dans le générateur de vapeur.
  6. Procédé suivant une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'en tant que mesure pour éviter un dommage, un signal (16) est envoyé à l'équipement de conduite de processus (17) pour une alerte claire de l'état de fonctionnement dangereux.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les données d'exploitation d'un dispositif de surveillance (15) sont enregistrées dans un stockage de données d'exploitation (20).
  8. Dispositif destiné à l'exécution d'un procédé suivant une des revendications 1 à 7 dans une installation d'incinération avec un générateur de vapeur qui comporte un ballon à vapeur (4), une conduite pour l'eau d'alimentation (1) avec une pompe d'eau d'alimentation (2), un évaporateur (7) et un surchauffeur (19), un tube de descente (6) et au moins un tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8), vers lequel est dirigée la conduite d'eau d'alimentation (1) avec la pompe d'eau d'alimentation (2), étant disposés près du générateur de vapeur,
    - une conduite de vapeur saturée (11) dirigée vers le surchauffeur (19) étant disposée sur le générateur de vapeur et l'évaporateur étant disposé en amont de l'au moins un tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8),
    - au moins un capteur dans une capsule d'immersion étant disposé, comme dispositif de mesure (9), dans l'au moins un tube d'évacuation de vapeur (8) entre l'évaporateur (7) et le ballon à vapeur (4),
    - un dispositif de mesure de température (20) destiné à mesurer une température de milieu et un dispositif de mesure de pression (12) étant disposés sur le ballon à vapeur (4),
    - les dispositifs de mesure de température et de pression (9, 20, 12) étant reliés à un dispositif de surveillance (15) et des moyens étant prévus pour déterminer une température d'ébullition actuelle, ainsi qu'un écart entre la température de milieu et la température d'ébullition actuelle, et
    - une liaison étant existante entre le dispositif de surveillance (15) et l'équipement de conduite de processus (17), à l'aide de laquelle une alarme peut être transmise à l'utilisateur.
  9. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la liaison entre le dispositif de surveillance (15) et l'équipement de conduite de processus (17) est une liaison électrique.
  10. Dispositif suivant une des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que l'équipement de conduite de processus (17) est un équipement de conduite de processus d'alerte de l'opérateur, un stockage des données d'exploitation (18) étant disposé parallèlement à celui-ci.
  11. Dispositif suivant une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure de pression (12) sur le ballon à vapeur (4) est un convertisseur de pression.
EP14156099.5A 2013-03-01 2014-02-21 Procédé et dispositif destinés au fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur dans un incinérateur Active EP2772686B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013003386.1A DE102013003386B4 (de) 2013-03-01 2013-03-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Dampferzeugers in einer Verbrennungsanlage

Publications (2)

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EP2772686A1 EP2772686A1 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2772686B1 true EP2772686B1 (fr) 2020-03-25

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EP14156099.5A Active EP2772686B1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2014-02-21 Procédé et dispositif destinés au fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur dans un incinérateur

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EP (1) EP2772686B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013003386B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK2772686T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2811699T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105202520A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-30 中国神华能源股份有限公司 一种锅炉壁温控制设备和方法

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JPS5870007A (ja) * 1981-10-21 1983-04-26 Toshiba Corp コンバインドサイクル発電所の制御装置
US4802446A (en) * 1987-04-27 1989-02-07 Triggs Leonard E Safety device for subcritical pressure steam boilers
EP0439765B1 (fr) * 1990-01-31 1995-05-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur
DE19510619A1 (de) 1995-03-23 1996-09-26 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zur Speisewasserregelung bei Abhitzedampferzeugern
FI101736B1 (fi) * 1996-10-24 1998-08-14 Pipemasters Oy Ltd Pakokaasukattila
DE19856417A1 (de) 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum Einsatz von Ersatzstoffen mit geringer Dichte und zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades eines Kessels mit Rostfeuerung und Rostkessel
EP2034137A1 (fr) 2007-01-30 2009-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'operation d'une installation à turbine à gaz et à vapeur et installation à turbine à gaz et à vapeur correspondante
DE102010008843A1 (de) 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 Uhde GmbH, 44141 Füllstandregelung
MX337766B (es) * 2011-11-16 2016-03-17 Babcock & Wilcox Co Sistema de proteccion de congelacion para receptor solar.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013003386B4 (de) 2020-08-13
DK2772686T3 (da) 2020-07-13
DE102013003386A1 (de) 2014-09-04
EP2772686A1 (fr) 2014-09-03
ES2811699T3 (es) 2021-03-15

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