Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
  • F02K1/04—Mounting of an exhaust cone in the jet pipe
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
  • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D9/00—Stators
  • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
  • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
  • F01D9/042—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
  • F02K1/78—Other construction of jet pipes
  • F02K1/80—Couplings or connections
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
  • F02K1/78—Other construction of jet pipes
  • F02K1/82—Jet pipe walls, e.g. liners
  • F02K1/822—Heat insulating structures or liners, cooling arrangements, e.g. post combustion liners; Infrared radiation suppressors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
  • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
  • F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
  • F23R3/18—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
  • F23R3/20—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants incorporating fuel injection means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
  • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
  • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
  • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
  • F23R3/60—Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
  • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
  • F05D2230/642—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2260/00—Function
  • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
  • Y10T403/33—Transverse rod to spaced plate surfaces

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the fixing and integration of hollow parts including but not limited to composite material in assemblies comprising one or more parts on which the hollow part must be fixed such as for example in aircraft engines.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a nozzle 100 of a helicopter engine comprising an exhaust cone 110 on which a convergent nozzle 120 is mounted concentrically by means of three arms 130 each formed of a hollow body 131 and uniformly distributed between the cone 110 and the nozzle 120.
• the exhaust cone 110, the nozzle 120 and the arms 130 are made of composite material, for example ceramic matrix composite material (CMC).
• CMC ceramic matrix composite material
• Each arm 130 is fixed, on the one hand, at one of its ends on the outer wall of the exhaust cone 110 by a double bracket 132 formed integrally with the body 131 of the arm and, on the other hand, at its other end. on the inner wall of the nozzle 120 by a bracket 133 also formed integrally with the body 131 of the arm.
• the double angles 131 and the angles 132 are respectively maintained on the cone 110 and the nozzle 120 by screws 140 and 150.
• this integration solution arm composite material has drawbacks. Indeed, the connection by angles significantly increases the size of each arm and the dimensioning of the angles is delicate vis-à-vis the radii of curvature of the cone and the nozzle which must each be considered for each arm. In addition, the angles and the screw heads protruding into the flow vein make the connecting devices little discrete vis-à-vis the aerodynamics. Finally, if the angles allow a good recovery of the structural forces they allow only a low tolerance of form which makes assembly difficult.
• the present invention proposes an assembly comprising at least one hollow part fixed on at least one structural part, characterized in that it furthermore comprises at least one fixing device placed inside each hollow part, said fixing device comprising a monolithic body made of metallic material having two main faces extending longitudinally between a first and second ends of said body, each main face comprising, in the vicinity of the first end of said body, a bearing portion, each portion of support comprising a fixing orifice for receiving a fixing member, the bearing portions being separated from each other by a slot extending from the first end of said body and to a determined depth in said body , the second end having at least one fixing hole for receiving a fastener.
• said fixing device comprising a monolithic body made of metallic material having two main faces extending longitudinally between a first and second ends of said body, each main face comprising, in the vicinity of the first end of said body, a bearing portion, each portion of support comprising a fixing orifice for receiving a fixing member, the bearing portions being separated from each other by a slot
• the assembly of the invention is further characterized in that the two support portions of each fastening device are respectively pressed against the inner surface of one of the two walls of said hollow part by fasteners arranged in the orifices for fixing said support portions, the second end of the fixing device being fastened to the structural part by a fixing member disposed in the fixing orifice present in said second end.
• the fixing device of the invention has a compact structure allowing it to be inserted inside the hollow part and, apart from the ends of the fastening members (screw heads for example), the entire fixing device has no impact on the aerodynamic performance of the whole.
• the expansion of the fixing device between the two walls of the hollow part to which it is attached can be compensated while ensuring a good recovery efforts in other directions.
• the flexibility imparted by the slot also makes it possible to increase the manufacturing tolerance of the fixing device.
• the fixing orifices of the support portions of the fixing device are shifted transversely relative to one another in order to allow the resumption of the tilting torque possibly applied to the hollow room.
• each bearing portion forms an extra thickness on the main face on which it is formed, which makes it possible to overcome possible defects in shape of the hollow part a clearance of the faces of the device outside their support portion.
• the extra thickness at the level of each support portion forms a reserve of material that can be machined if necessary in order to make a precise adjustment with respect to the internal surfaces of the walls of the hollow body (contact surface recovery) .
• the fixing device further comprises a drilling of a determined diameter extending transversely in the monolithic body of the fixing device and into which the slot opens. This drilling makes it possible to increase and adjust the flexibility of movement between the support portions during differential expansions and / or assembly of the device.
• the fixing device is made of a refractory metal material chosen from at least: Inconel®, Hastelloy® and Waspalloy®.
• the hollow part is made of composite material.
• the assembly comprises two structural parts respectively corresponding to an exhaust cone and an aircraft engine nozzle, said nozzle being held concentrically on said cone by a plurality of arms each formed of a hollow part made of composite material, each arm being connected to said cone by a first fixing device and to the nozzle by a second fixing device.
• the exhaust cone and the nozzle may in particular be of composite material.
• the fastening assembly comprises a piece of metal material structure corresponding to a cylindrical heating channel of an afterburner turbojet engine, said heating channel comprising a plurality of hooking arms. flame each formed of a hollow part made of composite material arranged radially on the inner surface of the cylindrical heating channel, each flame holding arm being connected to the cylindrical heating channel by a fixing device.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a helicopter engine exhaust assembly according to the prior art
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a helicopter engine exhaust assembly according to an embodiment of the invention
• FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views of a fastening device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an arm of the assembly shown in Figure 2;
• FIGS. 5A and 5B are sectional views of the arm shown in Figure 4;
• - Figure 6 is a sectional view of a heating channel of an afterburner turbojet having a flame holder arm fixed by a fastener according to the invention.
• the present invention provides an assembly comprising at least one fixing device, one or more hollow parts and one or more structural parts, the hollow parts and the structural parts may be made of metallic or composite material.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a helicopter engine exhaust assembly 200 comprising an exhaust cone 210 and a convergent nozzle 220 held concentrically on the exhaust cone 210 by means of three arms 230.
• the exhaust cone 210 and the nozzle 220 are made of composite material. However, one or both of these parts may be of metal material.
• the arms 230 are made of thermostructural composite material, here a CMC material.
• the CMC material parts are formed by a fibrous reinforcement of refractory fibers (carbon or ceramic) which is densified by a ceramic matrix, in particular carbide, nitride, refractory oxide, ....
• Typical examples of CMC materials are C-SiC materials (carbon fiber reinforcement and silicon carbide matrix), SiC-SiC materials and CC / SiC materials (mixed carbon / silicon carbide matrix).
• the manufacture of CMC composite parts is well known.
• the densification of the fibrous reinforcement can be carried out by a liquid route (impregnation with a precursor resin of the ceramic matrix and transformation into ceramic by crosslinking and pyrolysis, the process being repeatable) or by a gaseous route (chemical vapor infiltration).
• Each arm 230 is formed of a hollow body 231 aerodynamic profile having two walls 232 and 234 facing one another and extending between a leading edge 231a and a trailing edge 231b.
• the inner end 235 of each arm is fixed on the outer wall 210a of the exhaust cone 210 by means of a fastener 240 according to the invention and disposed inside the hollow body 231.
• the outer end 236 of each arm is fixed on the inner wall 220a of the nozzle 220 by means of a fixing device 250 according to the invention and disposed inside the hollow body 231.
• the fixing device 240 comprises a monolithic body 241 formed of metallic material and having here a substantially parallelepipedal shape having two main faces 242 and 243 extending longitudinally between a first end 244 and a second end 245 of the body 241.
• Each main face 242, respectively 243 comprises in the vicinity of the first end 244 of the body a bearing portion 2420, respectively 2430, intended to be plated on the inner surface 232a wall 232, respectively on the inner surface 234a of the wall 234, the hollow body 231 of composite material.
• Each bearing portion 2420, respectively 2430 comprises a fixing orifice 2421, respectively 2431, for receiving a fixing member.
• the fixing orifices 2421 and 2431 each comprise a threading which makes it possible to secure the bearing portions 2420 and 2430 respectively to the walls 232 and 234 of the hollow body 231 of the arms 230 by clamping screws 260 inserted in the fixing orifices 2421 and 2431 via orifices 2321 and 2341 formed respectively in the walls 232 and 234 (FIGS. 4 and 5A).
• the fastener 240 further includes a slot 246 which extends from the end 244 of the body 241 to a defined depth therein so as to separate the bearing portions 2420 and 2430.
• the slot 246 allows to give the support portions 2420 and 2430 a flexibility allowing relative movements in a direction D to compensate for the expansion of the fixing device relative to the arms 230 to which it is attached.
• the flexibility imparted by the slot also makes it possible to resume a certain level of dispersion during manufacture and thus to increase the shape tolerance of the fixing device.
• the presence of the slot does not however prevent a good transmission of forces in directions R and A respectively corresponding to the radial and axial forces in the exhaust assembly 200.
• the body 241 of the fixing device further comprises a cylindrical bore 247 in which the slot 246 opens.
• the bore 247 makes it possible to increase the flexibility in the direction D between the support portions 2420 and 2430 conferred by the slot 246.
• the diameter D247 of the bore 247 is determined according to the degree of flexibility that is desired between the support portions. It is thus possible to adjust the deformation capacity of each fixing device of the invention in particular as a function of the amplitude of the expansion of the fixing device.
• the end 245 forms a portion for fixing the device 240 on the outer wall 210a of the exhaust cone 210.
• the end 245 comprises a fixing orifice 2450 for receiving a fastener.
• the fixing orifice 2450 comprises a threading for securing the end 245 of each fastener 240 to the outer wall 210a of the cone 210 by clamping a screw 270 inserted into the orifice fastening 2450 via a through hole 2101 formed in the cone 210 ( Figure 4).
• the bearing portions 2420 and 2430 each preferably form an excess thickness respectively on the main face 242 and the main face 243, which makes it possible to overcome any defects in the shape of the hollow body 231 by providing a clearance of the faces 242. and 243 outside their support portion. Moreover, the extra thickness at each bearing portion 2420, 2430 forms a reserve of material that can be machined if necessary in order to achieve a precise fit with respect to the internal surfaces of the walls of the hollow body (surface recovery of contact).
• the fixing orifices 2421 and 2431 are offset transversely (offset along the cone axis 210 and the nozzle 220) relative to each other so as to take up the tilting torque which could be applied on the arms 230.
• the fixing device 250 for connecting the outer end 236 of each arm 230 to the inner wall 220a of the nozzle 220 consists of a monolithic body 251 of metal material having two main faces 252 and 253 extending longitudinally between a first end 254 and a second end 255 of the body.
• Each main face 252, respectively 253, comprises in the vicinity of the first end 254 of the body a bearing portion 2520, respectively 2530, forming an extra thickness on the corresponding main face intended to be plated on the inner surface 232a of the wall 232, respectively on the inner surface 234a of the wall 234, the hollow body 231 of composite material.
• the bearing portions 2520 and 2530 respectively comprise a fixing orifice 2521, 2531 intended to receive a fixing member and comprising, in the embodiment described here, a threading for securing the bearing portions 2520 and 2530 respectively to the walls 232 and 234 of the hollow body 231 of the arms 230 by clamping screws 280 introduced into the fixing holes 2521 and 2531 via through holes 2322 and 2342 respectively formed in the walls 232 and 234 ( Figures 4 and 5B).
• the fixing orifices 2521 and 2531 are shifted transversely relative to each other in order to resume the tilting torque.
• the fastener 250 further includes a slot 256 which extends from the end 254 of the body 251 to a defined depth therein so as to separate the bearing portions 2520. and 2530.
• the slot 256 makes it possible to give the support portions 2520 and 2530 a flexibility allowing relative displacements in a direction D making it possible to compensate the expansions of the fixing device relative to the arms 230 made of composite material.
• the slot 256 also makes it possible to increase the shape tolerance of the device, which can thus catch up with a certain level of dispersion during manufacture.
• the body 251 of the fixing device further comprises a cylindrical bore 257 in which the slot 256 opens and which increases the flexibility in the direction D. The diameter D257 of the bore 257 is adjusted according to the degree of flexibility desired.
• the end 255 forms a portion for fixing the device 250 on the outer wall 220a of the nozzle 220 and has a fixing orifice 2550 for receiving a fixing member, here a screw 290 inserted into the mounting hole 2550 via a through hole 2201 formed in the nozzle 220 ( Figure 4).
• a fixing member here a screw 290 inserted into the mounting hole 2550 via a through hole 2201 formed in the nozzle 220 ( Figure 4).
• the hollow parts are fixed at their two ends, each respectively with the aid of a fixing device according to the invention.
• the invention also applies to the fixation of hollow parts made of composite material from only one of their ends.
• FIG. 6 illustrates part of a cylindrical heating channel 300 of an afterburner turbojet engine.
• the heating channel 300 is made of metallic material and comprises on its inner periphery 301 a plurality of flame holder arms 330 (a single arm being shown in FIG. 6) uniformly distributed over the internal periphery 301 of the channel .
• Each arm 330 extends radially in the channel between a first end 331 connected to the inner surface 301 of the channel and a second free end 332.
• each flame holder arm 330 is made of a composite material, for example CMC material, and is attached to the inner surface 301 of the cylindrical heating channel 300 by means of a fastener 340 similar to the fasteners 240 and 250 described above.
• the fixing devices are made of a refractory metal material such as in particular Inconel®, Hastelloy® or Waspalloy®.
• the fastening devices of the present invention can be attached to the hollow part and / or to the other structural parts by other fasteners as screws, such as by means of rivets.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Connection Of Plates (AREA)
• Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=47023026

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (16)

• 2011
  • 2011-10-24 FR FR1103242A patent/FR2981700B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-09-26 RU RU2014113676/06A patent/RU2014113676A/ru unknown
  • 2012-09-26 CA CA2852996A patent/CA2852996A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-09-26 WO PCT/FR2012/052161 patent/WO2013060956A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-09-26 IN IN3062DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN03062A/en unknown
  • 2012-09-26 CN CN201280051857.5A patent/CN103890366B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-09-26 JP JP2014537684A patent/JP6033875B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-09-26 EP EP12773093.5A patent/EP2771559A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-09-26 US US14/353,840 patent/US20140332604A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-09-26 KR KR1020147012024A patent/KR20140084119A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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