EP2771215A1

EP2771215A1 - Windshield wiper-attachment device having a safety position, connector and adatper for such a device, and wiping system comprising said attachment device

Info

Publication number: EP2771215A1
Application number: EP12775518.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gérald CAILLOT; Jean Michel JARASSON
Original assignee: Valeo Systemes dEssuyage SAS
Current assignee: Valeo Systemes dEssuyage SAS
Priority date: 2011-10-25
Filing date: 2012-10-24
Publication date: 2014-09-03
Also published as: US9845076B2; CN104024063B; CN104024063A; FR2981622B1; US20180072277A1; WO2013060723A1; US20140259507A1; FR2981622A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for attaching a windshield wiper blade to a drive arm of a wiping system. The device comprises a connector attached to the blade and an adapter (9) for connecting the connector to the arm, said adapter (9) including holding means (20) for holding same in a nominal locking position on the arm. According to the invention, the connector and/or the adapter (9) comprise safety means (70) that allow the arm to be retained in the nominal locking position upon failure of the holding means (20), said safety means (70) being configured to allow the adapter (9) to be mounted on and/or removed from the arm during nominal operation. The invention also relates to such a connector and such an adapter, as well as to a wiping system comprising such an attachment device.

Description

SECURITY WINDOW WIPER FASTENING DEVICE, CONNECTOR AND ADAPTER OF SUCH A DEVICE AND WIPING SYSTEM COMPRISING SAID FIXING DEVICE. The field of the present invention is that of equipment for vehicles, and more particularly that of equipment for wiping the windshield of automobiles.

Automobiles are commonly equipped with wiper systems to clear the windshield of what could block the vision of the vehicle's passengers, especially its driver. These wipers conventionally comprise a drive arm, performing an angular reciprocating movement, and elongate brushes, themselves carrying scraper blades made of an elastic material. These blades rub against the windshield and evacuate the water by bringing it out of the driver's field of vision. The brooms are made in the form, or, in a conventional version, articulated stirrups that hold the scraper blade in several discrete places by giving it a bend allowing it to marry the eventual curvature of the windshield, or, in a newer version called "flat blade" (for "flat blade"), a semi-rigid assembly that keeps the scraper blade along its length thanks to one or more bending vertebrae for applying the broom to the windshield without having to use stirrups.

In both solutions, the blade is attached to the rotating arm of the wiper by a fastener consisting of a connector and an adapter. The connector is a part that is set directly on the scraper blade or directly on the flat blade while the adapter is an intermediate piece that allows the attachment of the connector on the arm of the wiper. These two parts are connected to each other by a transverse axis of articulation which allows their relative rotation in a plane perpendicular to the windshield passing through the arm.

Such adapters are known comprising one or more flexible locking pins coming to snap on the arm so as to block the adapter on the latter. However, it is appropriate to anticipate a failure, such as a disengagement of the pion or counters, which could lead to an undesirable separation of the arm and the broom. It has already been proposed to treat this risk fasteners configured to allow a blocking of the blade in a retracted position. More specifically, in case of failure of the pin, the blade is free in translation relative to the fixing device, according to a predefined stroke, in a direction in a plane perpendicular to the axis of articulation of the adapter on the connector . At the end of the stroke, a stop located on the arm comes into contact with a stop located on the attachment device of the blade. In other words, in case of failure, the blade in position on the windshield is free in translation between its nominal position of attachment to the arm and the contact position between said stops.

Such a solution is not entirely satisfactory and the invention aims to improve the situation.

It proposes for this purpose a device for attaching a wiper blade to a drive arm of a wiper system, said device comprising a connector attached to the wiper and a connection adapter of the connector to said wiper. arm, said adapter comprising means for maintaining a nominal position of locking on the arm.

According to the invention, said connector and / or said adapter comprises securing means for retaining the arm in nominal locking position in the event of failure of said holding means, said securing means being configured to allow mounting and / or disassembly of the adapter on the arm in nominal operation.

The invention thus makes it possible to limit the risks of disengagement of the blade in the event of failure of the holding means according to a solution in which the blade is held in place, even after failure of said means. The reliability of the device is thus improved. In addition, the blade is locked in translation relative to the arm only when the blade is held pressed against the windshield of the equipped vehicle, thereby allowing its removal once the arm raised.

According to various embodiments of the invention, which may be taken together or separately:

the connector com comprises two flanges symmetrically symmetrical, preferably entirely symmetrical, and connected to one another, sandwiching the broom, at the level of vertebrae of said broom,

said connector is monoblock,

said connector is fixed to the blade without any degree of freedom, said connector comprises an orifice configured to receive a lug allowing rotation between the adapter and the connector,

said adapter is connected to the connector with a degree of freedom pivoting about an axis of rotation,

said adapter is configured to be mounted on the arm in a direction, called the mounting direction, situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation,

said adapter comprises lateral connections, the connector of which is articulated, via an orifice,

said lateral wings are connected to an upper face of the adapter and are substantially symmetrical, preferably entirely symmetrical,

said adapter defines between said lateral wings a housing for at least a portion of the connector accommodating said pin,

said adapter has a substantially U-shaped cross-section,

said adapter comprises holding means in a nominal locking position made in the form of a retractable pin provided on an upper face of the adapter,

said arm comprises a light of shape complementary to that of said pin,

said pin is lodged in said lumen of said arm in order to lock the blade on the arm in a nominal blocking position,

According to a first variant, the securing means are located on the connector. In such a variant, the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:

the securing means comprise at least one stop allowing a rotation of the arm around the axis of rotation of the adapter, preferably two stops,

- The stop is configured to block the mounting and dismounting of the adapter on the arm as the angle of rotation of said arm and / or said adapter relative to their nominal position is less than a limit angle and to allow mounting and disassembly of the adapter on the arm in the opposite case,

said stop is located cantilevered with respect to the connector, said stop is derived from the material of the connector,

said stop is configured to block the mounting and dismounting of the adapter on the arm as long as the angle of rotation of said arm and / or said adapter relative to their nominal position is less than a limit angle and to allow mounting and disassembly of the adapter on the arm in the opposite case,

said limiting angle is between 2 ° and 10 °, in particular between 4 ° and 6 °, the securing means are made in the form of two retractable stops,

The two retractable abutments are substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, preferably entirely symmetrical.

According to another variant, the security means are located on the adapter. In such a variant, the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:

the holding means are configured to act on the securing means in such a way as to retract them when the adapter is being dismounted and dismounted on the arm,

the securing means comprise at least one deformable abutment in one direction, referred to as retraction,

said deformable stop comes from a rear edge of a lateral wing of the adapter, in particular at one end of said rear edge,

said deformable stop comprises an arm connected to the rear edge of a lateral wing of the adapter, and an abutment head connected to said arm of said deformable stop,

the securing means are made in the form of two retractable stops,

the two retractable stops are sensib lem ent symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, preferably entirely symmetrical, the holding means comprise a cam acting on the abutment (s) so as to drive them into said direction of retraction,

said cam is configured to act on the stop or thrust heads, said cam has a rectangular shape, said cam has a triangular or trapezoidal shape, flaring from the holding means, preferably in the form of a peg,

said cam has a hook shape,

said hook has a base connected to said holding means and inscribed at least partly in a plane comprising a direction parallel to said axis of rotation, and two guide rods configured to engage respectively in orifices of the stop heads,

said two guide rods respectively have a triangular shape, flaring from their distal ends located in nominal position opposite said orifices of said stop heads, towards said base of the hook,

said two guide rods are spaced apart from each other by a decreasing distance from their distal extremities located in nominal position opposite said orifices of said stop heads towards said base of the hook,

said cam is situated close to at least one abutment head without deforming it in the nominal position, preferably of two abutment heads without deforming them in nominal position,

said cam is configured to push the stopper head (s) under slides of said arm,

- the withdrawal of the hostage is situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation,

- said retraction direction is parallel to said axis of rotation. Moreover, in one or the other of these variants, said adapter may be configured so that means for guiding the arm on the adapter in translation in a direction situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, are in contact against the stop or stops of the securing means, both in nominal operation and in case of failure of the holding means. According to this aspect of the invention, one or more of the following characteristics may be encountered:

said guide means for translation of the arm on said adapter are in the form of slides provided at side faces of the arm, the stops of the securing means are in contact with a rear end of said rails in the event of failure of the holding means,

said translational guiding means serve to hold the arm on the adapter,

said adapter has lower edges intended to cooperate with said slides,

said slides are of the same length,

said slides are of different lengths.

The invention will find application, in particular, as a fastening device for brooms vertebrae bending or "flat blade".

The invention also relates to a connector and an adapter of the fixing device described above.

The invention also relates to a wiper system comprising such a fixing device, connecting the arm and the blade of said system.

Said arm comprises, for example, a support clevis intended to be connected to said fixing device.

The invention will be better understood, and other objects, features, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed explanatory description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of example. purely illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

On these drawings:

- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a wiper system according to the invention, the arm being only illustrated at its yoke,

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of FIG. 1, showing only the blade and the connector,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, from above, of a first embodiment of the adapter of the wiper system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view, from above, of a second embodiment of the adapter of the wiper system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view, from below, of the yoke of the wiper system of FIG. 1, FIG. 6 is a side view illustrating the wiper system of FIG. 1, equipped with the adapter of FIGS. 3 or 4, in the mounted position,

- Figure 7 is a side view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the wiper system of Figure 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the invention relates to a wiper or wiper system comprising a wiper 1, a fixing device 2 and an arm 3 connected to the wiper 1 by the fixing device 2.

The broom 1 here comprises a body provided with a scraper blade 4 and one or more vertebrae 5 giving the broom a bending allowing it to be applied correctly on the windshield. It also comprises a deflector 6 and / or end caps 7 connecting the assembly.

The fixing device 2 comprises a connector 8 and an adapter 9 connecting the connector 8 to said arm 3.

The arm 3 here comprises a support clevis 10, intended to be connected to said fixing device 2, in particular to the adapter 9, by a distal end 1 January. Said clevis 10 has a proximal end 12 fixed to a rod, not shown, of the arm 3, for example by crimping.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the connector 8 is fixed to the blade 1. By this we mean that it is related to the broom without degree of freedom.

It has, for example, two flanges 13 symmetrical and linked to one another, sandwiching the blade 1, here at the vertebrae 5 of said blade 1. Said flanges 1 3 each comprise for this a groove 1 6 housing said vertebrae, located in a lower portion 17 of the connector 8. According to another variant, the connector 8 may be monobloc.

Said connector 8 comprises an axis of rotation 14, here passing through the flanges 13 at an orifice 15 located in an upper part of the connector 8. Said axis of rotation 14 is intended to be oriented in a direction orthogonal to the blade 1, in the plane tangent to the windshield.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the adapter 9 is configured to be bonded to the connector 8 here with a degree of freedom in pivoting about the axis of rotation 14. Here it comprises an orifice 51 through which the adapter 9 is articulated on the axis of rotation 14 of the connector 8. Said adapter 9 comprises means 20 for holding a nominal locking position on the arm 3. This is, for example, a flexible pin 21 provided here on an upper face 22 of said adapter.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the clevis 10 of the arm comprises, for example, a light 30 of complementary shape to that of the pin 21. When mounting the adapter 9 in the arm 3, said pin 21 is housed in the light 30 thus allowing to lock the blade 1 on the arm 3, in a nominal locking position.

Said arm 3 has, for example, means 32 for guiding the arm 3 on the adapter 9 in a direction, said mounting, perpendicular to the axis of rotation 1 4. Said means 32 for translational guidance may also used to maintain said arm 3 on said adapter 9 in nominal operation, in particular in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 14 and the windshield of the equipped vehicle, when the wiper system is in use.

Said means 32 for guiding the arm 3 on said adapter 9 include, in particular, slides 33, facing each other. Said slides 33 are constituted here by folded edges of lateral faces 34 of said arms extending from an upper face thereof, carrying said light 30. Slide rails 33 extend longitudinally in a longitudinal direction of the arm, that is, when the arm 3 is mounted on the securing device 2, in said mounting direction.

Referring also to Figures 3 and 4, it is found that the adapter 9 is here configured to be inserted into the yoke 1 0 by a translational movement in said mounting direction, until coming into said position Inal name of blocking. Clevis 1 0 is provided for this with a distal opening 31 and adapter 9 is configured to be introduced into said distal opening 31. The pin 21 is then in the retracted position until it reaches the light 30 in which it reversibly engages.

Said adapter 9 may further be configured so that the means 32 for guiding in translation, according to said mounting direction, serve as a positio nt stop for the pos i tio n on. In this way, they determine the position in which the pin 21 engages in the slot 30. For this purpose, the adapter has, for example, a stop 24, called a stop. Here, said adapter 9 has lower edges 25 intended to cooperate with said slides 33, in particular to provide translation guidance during assembly.

The stopping abutment 24 of the adapter 9 may be positioned to come into contact with a longitudinal end avantliter before 33b of said slides 33 during assembly.

Said adapter 9 here comprises lateral wings 50 at which said connector 8 is articulated, through the orifice 51. Said adapter 9 defines between said lateral wings 50 a housing for a part of the connector 8 accommodating said axis of rotation 14. Here, said lateral wings 50 are connected to the upper face 22 and are symmetrical. The adapter thus has a cross section substantially U-shaped.

In the example illustrated, the yoke 10 has a substantially hollow parallelepipedal shape whose front, rear and bottom faces are open to pass the adapter 9 and the connector 8 attached thereto. The lower face comprises the slides 33 forming support means for the adapter 9, and on which are supported the lower edges 25 of said adapter 9. The lateral faces 34 of the yoke 1 0 are identiq ues the u ne to the other, at least in their front end portion located opposite the adapter 9, after mounting.

Said adapter 9 also substantially has the shape of a parallelepiped with, on its upper face 22, the retractable pin 21. The width of the adapter 9 is slightly smaller than the spacing between the lateral faces 34 of the yoke 10 so that the adapter 9 can be inserted therein, but greater than the gap existing between the two slides 33 so that they can wear it. The adapter 9 has at its front face 61 a slot 63 (visible in FIG. 1) through which brush 3 passes, in particular its deflector 6.

The adapter 9 has a head 64, whose contours are intended to be in the extension of the yoke 1 0, in the nominal position, abutting in translation in said mounting direction for the upper face 35 and the lateral faces 34 of said yoke 10.

Said head 64 is here extended rearward by a flat 65 situated along a lower edge of the lateral faces 50 and whose end opposite the head defines the stop 24. It may be noted that the connector 8 has a dimension of longitudinal extension, that is to say, in the direction of extension of the blade 1, less than that of the adapter 9 so that it is concealed in said housing defined between the lateral wings 50 of the adapter 9.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4, said adapter 9 comprises securing means 70 making it possible to hold the arm in the nominal locking position in the event of failure of said holding means 20. securing means 70 are configured to allow m aage and / or dem ontage of the adapter 9 on the arm 3 in nominal operation.

There is thus a solution to prevent accidental disconnection of the arm 3 and the blade 1 in case of rupture of the pin 21.

According to this first embodiment, the holding means 70 are configured to act on the securing means so as to retract them during assembly and disassembly of the adapter 9 on the arm 3, in particular in nominal operation. More specifically, when the pin 21 is depressed, the holding means 70 are retracted, in the direction of the arrows marked 71, perm and introduction and / or remove the adapter 9 of the yoke 10 according to the translation movement mentioned above.

The securing means 70 comprise, for example, at least one deformable stop 73, in the direction indicated by the arrows 71, said direction of retraction. Here, a deformable stop 73 is provided at each of the sides of the adapter. Said deformable stops are issued, for example, from a rear edge 72 of the lateral wings 50 of the adapter 9, in particular at the end of said rear edges 72 turned towards the lower edges 25 of the adapter. Said deformable stops 73 here comprise an arm 74, linked to said rear edges 72 by one of their extremity, and a head 75, linked to said arm 74 by the other of its end.

The securing means 70 may comprise a cam 76 acting on the deformable stop or stops 73 so as to drive them in said retraction direction 71. Said cam 76 is here configured to act on the heads 75 of said deformable stops 73. As illustrated in Figure 3, in a first variant, said retraction direction is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 14. It is here oriented towards the windshield of the equipped vehicle. Said cam 76 may have a form e, in particular triangular, rectangular or trapezoidal, flaring from the pin 21 in the direction of said heads 75 of the deformable stops 73. In nominal position, said cam 76 is near the heads 75 without deforming them . In case of voluntary pressure on the pin 21, said cam 76 pushes down the heads 75 deformable stops 73 which allows to mount and / or remove the adapter 9, the heads 75 deformable stops 73 can then go under the slides 33 of the arm 3.

As shown in FIG. 6, in nominal operation, the deformable stops 73 bear on the arm 3 by means of their head 75. In the event of failure of the pin 21, they remain in place and thus make it possible to maintain the locking of the fixing device 2 in the arm 3. More precisely, said heads 75 of the abutments 73 are here in contact with the rear end 33a of slides 33. In this figure the direction of assembly and / or disassembly is illustrated by the arrow marked 90.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, according to a second variant, said retraction direction 71 is parallel to said axis of rotation 14. Said cam 76 may have a hook shape with a base 77, oriented along the axis of rotation 1 4 and The guide rods 78 have a shape, in particular triangular, extending their distal end, located in nominal position vis-à-vis said orifices 79 of the heads 75 to the base 77 of the cam 76. They are spaced apart from each other by a decreasing distance from their distal end to the base 77 of the cam 76.

In nominal position, said cam 76 is close to the heads 75 without deforming them. In case of voluntary pressure on the pin, said cam 76 forces the deformable stops 73 towards one another by engagement of the guide rods 77 in the orifices 79 of their head 75 which allows to mount and / or dismount the adapter 9, the heads 75 deformable stops 73 can then pass between the slides 33. As shown in FIG. 6, in nominal operation, the deformable stops 73 bear on the arm 3 by means of their head 75. In the event of failure of the pin 21, they remain in place and thus make it possible to maintain the locking of the fixing device 2 in the arm 3. More precisely, said heads 75 of the abutments 73 are here in contact with the rear end 33a of slides 33.

In case of breakage of the pin 21, the disassembly of the blade is achieved by pressing with the fingers on the deformable stops 73 in the direction indicated by the arrows 71.

According to a third embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 7, the securing means 70 are situated on the connector 8. In this embodiment, the adapter is, for example, in the form of those of FIG. 3 or FIG. , deprived of their deformable stops 73. The broom 1 and the arm 3 are, in particular, identical to those of the previous modes.

The securing means 70 comprise, for example, at least one abutment 80 holding the fastening device in nominal locking position against the arm 3 in the event of failure of the pin 21, in particular when the blade is pressed against the windshield. . Said abutment 80 also allows rotation of the arm around the axis of rotation 14 of the adapter 9. It is thus possible to mount and / or dismount the arm 3 on the adapter 9.

In other words, in the nominal blocking position, as shown in FIG. 7, the arm 3 is locked by the pin 21 and, in the event of its failure, the translation of the arm 3 with respect to the adapter 9, according to FIG. the marked arrow 81 is blocked by said stop 80 of the securing means 70. For mounting and / or disassembly of the blade 1 on the arm 3, the arm is free to rotate about the axis 14 and it is sufficient to rotate by a few degrees of angle so that the arm 3 can pass above said stop 80 of the securing means 70. After having exerted a pressure on the pin 21, it is then possible to mount and / or disassemble the blade 1 by a translation in the direction marked 82.

For this purpose, in the nominal blocking position, there is a slight clearance between the stop 80 and the arm 3, corresponding to the necessary angular movement of the arm 4 to reach the position where it can pass over the stop 80. Otherwise said, the stop is configured to block the mounting and dismounting of the adapter 9 on the arm 3 as long as the angle of rotation of said arm and / or said adapter relative to their nominal blocking position is less than a limit angle and to allow mounting and dismounting of the adapter 9 on the arm 3 in the opposite case. Said limiting angle is, for example, between 2 and 10 °, in particular between 4 and 6 °.

There is here provided stop 80 of the securing means 70 on each side of the connector. Said abutments 80 are located cantilevered with respect to the lower part of the connector 8, in particular on either side of its ribs accommodating the vertebrae 5 of the blade 1. They may be derived from the material of said connector. They comprise an arm 83 extending towards a rear end 33a of the slides 33 from the lower part of the connector 8 and an abutment head 84 located at the distal end of said arm 83. As illustrated in FIG. 7 said abutment heads 83 are in contact with said rear end 33a of the slides 32, in particular in case of failure of the pin 21.

In the various illustrated embodiments, it can be seen that the means for guiding the arm in translation are configured to have several functions, namely, in particular, a translational guiding function during assembly and / or disassembly, in nominal operation, and a blocking function, by cooperation with the one or more stops of the securing means, in the event of failure of the holding means. Indeed, as already said, the stops of the securing means are then in contact with the slides 33, in particular with their rear ends 33a.

Said slides 33 are here of the same length. According to another variant, they may be of different length, in particular for the purpose of allowing foolproofing between brushes intended to be mounted on a left arm and a right arm of the wiper system. Such keying is particularly useful when the left and right brushes are not the same length. Keying can be done at the front end 33b of the slides. The stops 73, 80 of the securing means of each fixing device can thus remain symmetrical from one side to the other.

That being so, it will also be possible to provide a stop 73, 80 for securing only one side of the adapter 9 or the connector 8.

It should be noted that other embodiments are of course possible. In particular the support screed 10 can be made in the same material as the rest of the arm, in continuity with it.

Claims

1. Device for attaching a wiper blade (1) to a drive arm (3) of a wiper system, said device comprising a connector (8) attached to the wiper (1), and a adapter (9) for connecting the connector (8) to said arm (3), said adapter (9) comprising means (20) for holding a nominal locking position on the arm (3), characterized in that said connector (8) and / or said adapter (9) comprises securing means (70) for retaining the arm (3) in nominal locking position in the event of failure of said holding means (20), said securing means (70) ) being configured to allow assembly and / or disassembly of the adapter (9) on the arm (3) in nominal operation.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein said adapter

(9) is connected to the connector (8) with a degree of freedom in pivoting about an axis of rotation (14).

3. Device according to claim 2, wherein said adapter (9) is configured to be mounted on the arm (3) in a direction, said mounting, located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (14).

4. Device according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the securing means (70) are located on the connector (8).

5. Device according to claim 4, wherein the securing means (70) comprise at least one stop (80) for a rotation of the arm (3) about the axis of rotation (14) of the adapter (9). ).

6. Device according to claim 5, wherein the stop (80) is configured to block the mounting and disassembly of the adapter (9) on the arm (3) as the angle of rotation of said arm (3) and or said adapter (9) with respect to their nominal position is less than a limit angle and to allow the mounting and dismounting of the adapter (9) on the arm (3) in the opposite case.

7. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the securing means (70) are located on the adapter (9).

8. Device according to claim 7, wherein the holding means (20) are configured to act on the securing means (70) so as to retract them during assembly and disassembly of the adapter (9) on the arm (3).

9. Device according to any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the securing means (70) comprise at least one stop (73) deformable in a direction, called retraction.

10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the holding means (20) comprise a cam (76) acting on the stop or stops (73) so as to drive in said direction of retraction.

1 1. Device according to any one of claims 9 or 10, wherein said direction of retraction is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (14).

12. Device according to any one of claims 9 or 10, wherein said retraction direction is parallel to said axis of rotation (14).

13. The connector of the fastening device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, said securing means (70) being located on said connector (8).

14. Adapter of the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 7 to 1 2, said securing means (70) being located on said adapter (9).

Wiper system comprising a fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.