EP2771150A1

EP2771150A1 - Security element

Info

Publication number: EP2771150A1
Application number: EP12795345.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wayne Robert Tompkin; Harald Walter; Olga Kulikovska; Jörg Fischer; André LEOPOLD
Original assignee: OVD Kinegram AG
Current assignee: OVD Kinegram AG
Priority date: 2011-10-27
Filing date: 2012-10-26
Publication date: 2014-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2032-10-26
Also published as: AU2012328331B2; KR20140097216A; US20140300095A1; EP2771194A1; ES2607129T3; AU2012328328B2; WO2013060877A1; CA2852654A1; CA2852590C; AU2012328328A1; EP2771150B1; US9796204B2; DE102011117044A1; KR102038013B1; WO2013060874A1; US9834030B2; DE102011117044B4; US20140312607A1; CA2852590A1; CN104066550B

Abstract

The invention relates to a security element (1). The security element (1) includes a visible side and an opposite back side. The security element comprises at least one luminous layer (2) capable of providing light (20), and at least one mask layer (4) which, when viewing the security element (1) from the visible side, is arranged in front of the at least one luminous layer (2). The at least one mask layer (4) includes at least one opaque region (5) and at least two transparent openings (41, 42). The at least two transparent openings (41, 42) have a substantially higher rate of transmission than the at least one opaque region (5) with respect to the light (20) provided by the at least one luminous layer (2), preferably a 20% higher rate of transmission, more preferably a 50% higher rate of transmission.

Description

Sicherheitseiement

The invention relates to a Sicherheitseiement and a with such

Security element equipped security document, a procedure for

Hersteilung such a Sächheitselements and a transfer film with such a security element.

There are security elements for the identification of security documents known, with which one tries to improve the protection against counterfeiting. Some of these security elements make use of an array of microtubes, e.g. in international patent application WO 2007/087984 A1

described multilayer body. However, they are produced with it

Variations of the visual appearance under unfavorable

Often it is difficult to recognize lighting conditions and not very noticeable for the "man in the street".

DE 10 2008 033 716 B3 describes a value or security document with a document body, in which a Lichtfeitstruktur is formed, which is designed for a light pipe via a total reflection in their boundary layers. The light pipe is in this case made possible in a plane which is substantially parallel to an upper side of the document body.

The invention is based on the object to provide a flexible security element, which shows optical effects that are easily recognizable for everyone and at the same time amazing or surprising and therefore easy to memorize. The object is achieved by a security element, wherein the security element has a visible side and a rear side opposite thereto, wherein the security element projects at least one luminescent layer, which can emit or provide light, and at least one mask layer, which protrudes from the visible side when the security element is viewed the at least one luminescent layer is arranged comprises, wherein the

at least one mask layer at least one opaque region and

at least two transparent openings, and wherein the at least two transparent openings has a significantly higher transmittance than the at least one opaque area with respect to light emitted by the at least one luminescent layer, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 50% % higher transmittance. The object is further achieved by a

Security document, in particular a banknote, a security or a paper document, with at least one such security element, wherein the security element can be viewed from setner visible side. The

The object is also achieved by a method for producing a

A security element, comprising the steps of: providing a flexible multilayer film body having at least one luminescent layer capable of emitting or providing light, and at least one mask layer disposed in front of the at least one luminescent layer when the security element is viewed from the visible side; and forming at least two transparent openings in the at least one mask layer such that the at least one mask layer has at least one opaque area and at least two transparent openings, the at least two transparent openings having a significantly higher transmittance than the at least one opaque area with respect to at least one

Luminous emitted or provided light has, preferably a higher by at least 20%, more preferably at least 50% higher transmittance. The object is further achieved by a transfer film having at least one security element according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the at least one security element is arranged on a carrier foil of the transfer foil and can be detached therefrom.

The particular optical effects, in particular due to the interaction of a self-luminous, i. Light-generating and radiating

Luminescent layer or light providing luminescent layer (e.g.

backlit transparent layer) and a luminescent layer covering the mask layer can be caused, are thus in a

Used security element These easily recognizable optical effects are clearly visible when the Leuchtschächt ready light or emits light in an active state, and not or barely visible when the luminescent layer provides no light or in an inactive state does not emit light. One of the challenges, inter alia, is to keep the thickness of such a security element as small as possible in order to ensure a practical arrangement of the security element on or in one

Security document.

The visual impression of the security element is thus by the

Design of the at least one luminescent layer and / or the distribution of the transparent openings of the at least two arrangements and the at least one opaque area determined.

Due to the arrangement of the layers, the light relevant to the desired effect preferably passes through the security element substantially in a direction perpendicular to the top of the security element. It is not

Total reflection necessary at any interfaces.

The mask layer allows light, which is provided or emitted by the luminescent layer, to pass significantly better through its transparent openings than through its opaque areas. It is advantageous if the at least one opaque region blocks or at least substantially attenuates light provided or emitted by the at least one luminous layer, preferably has a transmittance of at most 20%, more preferably at most 10% and even more preferably at most 5%, and the at least two transparent openings of the at least one

Luminous layer substantially let provided or emitted light, preferably have a transmittance of at least 50%. Preferably, the opaque areas of the masking layer are completely opaque to light, i. with a transmittance of at most 5%, while the transparent openings allow light to pass through almost unattenuated, i. with a transmittance of at least 70%. Preferably, the openings are window openings in the mask layer, i. when

Breakthroughs through the mask layer, formed.

The security element is preferably a

Security element for marking and increasing the

Counterfeiting security of a security document, in particular a banknote, a security, a check, a tax stamp, a

Postal mark, a visa, a motor vehicle document, a ticket or a paper document, or identification documents (I D documents), in particular a passport or a! D ~ card, an identity card, a driver's license, a bank card, a credit card, a

Access control card, a health insurance card or a commercial product to increase the security against counterfeiting and / or for the authentication and / or traceability (track and trace) of the commercial product or any chip cards and self-adhesive labels.

Preferably, the at least one luminescent layer, which can emit light, is formed as a seibstieuchtende luminescent layer. A self-luminous luminescent layer here represents a luminescent layer, which emits light and, in particular, acts as an energy converter, which converts a primary energy into light energy. In this case, in particular an electric current, heat, a chemical decomposition process or electromagnetic radiation can be used as the primary energy serve, which differs from the wavelength of the emitted light (for example, UV light, infrared light or microwave radiation).

Furthermore, it is also possible for the luminescent layer, which can provide light, to be a layer which transmits incident light to the rear side

Mask layer conducts. It may thus also be provided that the light source is not part of the security element and is provided, for example, by a light source of a body on which the security element is laminated, or constitutes an external light source, onto which the security element is placed or against which the security element in transmitted light is looked at. The

Luminescent layer has for this purpose preferably one or more transparent

Layers, which may also be formed as a wave or light guide. In the simplest case, the luminescent layer has such a transparent layer, which is directly in contact with the rear side of the security element or below which a continuous recess is provided in the security element. The luminescent layer can, for example, a layer of a

Be hot stamping foils, for example, a protective lacquer or even the replication layer itself. Also in this case, it is particularly advantageous if the luminescent layer has one or more light-emitting elements. In this case, the luminous elements are formed by transparent regions formed according to the shape of the luminous elements and / or regions of the luminous layer which are provided with light waveguides and which are preferably surrounded by opaque regions of the luminous layer. It is possible for the at least one luminescent layer to have a bright-colored display element, which in particular has electrical energy in

Light energy converts. Preferably, the luminescent layer consists of one or more luminous elements, which are each formed as self-luminous display elements. These self-luminous display elements may be an LED, in particular an OLED, or a LEEC, or QLED or backlit LCD (OLED - Organic LED, LEEC - Light Emitting Electrochemical Cell, QLED = Quantum Dot Light Emitting Device). alternative The self-luminous display elements can be based on

Be carried out electro-electrisence. These include thick-film or powder electroluminescence, thin-film electroluminescence and single-crystal electroluminescence. In particular, the display elements can be described as

Electroluminescent Foiie (EL foil).

It is possible for one electrode of the display element to serve as the at least one mask layer or an opaque intermediate layer arranged between the at least one luminous layer and the at least one mask layer, which has at least one arrangement of light-transmitting openings.

As a result, for example, a periodicity in the light source can be generated. Preferably, it is a metal electrode, in particular a metallic reflection layer of an OVD. For example, such a metallic reflection layer consists of aluminum, silver, gold or copper. A periodicity or a raster, in particular a moiré raster or a raster in the form of a reveal pattern, can be realized in various ways in an OLED illuminating the entire surface. One possibility is to incorporate an insulator layer into the OLED, whereby areas of the OLED coated with this insulator layer do not shine and released areas light up. Alternatively, one of the transport layers, in particular the Elektronenbzw. Hole transport layer to be modified, in particular by irradiation or exposure to a chemical, so that locally the transport properties are destroyed. This also causes the treated areas to stop glowing.

It is possible that the at least one luminescent layer has a luminescent display element, which can be excited to be illuminated by another light source. The luminescent elements may be fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials which absorb incident light and re-radiate it in the same or a different wavelength range, with immediate temporal and / or temporal offset. The other light source may be formed as a component of the security element. Alternatively it is an external source of light from which the security element is irradiated, such as a UV lamp (UV ~ ultraviolet).

There are various ways to provide a self-luminous luminescent layer with energy, so that it shines. In one embodiment, the luminescent layer is excited by electrical energy from an energy source for illumination. The luminescent layer thus has a display element which converts electrical energy into light energy. As preferred energy sources of

Luminescent layer are in particular piezoelectric and photovoltaic

Power sources, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors, etc. The energy may also be supplied via a suitable antenna, e.g. an RFID antenna, to be taken from an electric field. Preferably, these energy sources are integrated into the security element or the security document or connected to it via a power line. Alternatively, the power source may be located outside the security element / document, e.g. in an external reader. In the case of an electrical energy source, a galvanic, capacitive or inductive transmission of electrical energy is available for selection. For example, in the case of an external power source, the security document may be placed in a corresponding local electrical or magnetic or electromagnetic field to enable capacitive and / or inductive, particularly wireless, energy transfer. An example! this is a mobile device, e.g. a smartphone, with a so-called NFC (Near Field Communication) device. It is preferable that a light pattern which transmits the mask layer due to its different transmission of light emitted from the at least one luminescent layer when viewing the security element of the

Visible side shows, a first optical security feature! of

Provides security elements.

An observer who views the safety element from its visible side, takes in the active state of the luminescent layer, ie when the Luminous layer provides light or emits, in the area of the mask layer, the light pattern formed by the darker opaque areas and sacred transparent openings. Since such a light pattern can be recognized very well even under unfavorable lighting conditions, such a security element is a reliable and easily verifiable

Security feature, which provides protection against counterfeiting, e.g. of banknotes or ID cards or commercial products. Through which of the transparent openings of the mask layer light thereby reaches the eye of the observer, with a suitable embodiment of the luminous and / or asken layer depends on the viewing angle at which the observer views the security element. The design of the light pattern is thus dependent on viewing angle.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one opaque region of the at least one mask layer, when viewing the

Security elements from the visible side a second optical

Security feature of the security element ready. The protection against counterfeiting of the security document is therefore not limited solely by the light effects of the light and mask layer, but extended by another security feature that exists independently of the light effects of the light and mask layer.

The opaque area preferably has an OVD and / or a print layer {OVD = Optically Variable Device). Common OVDs are holograms,

especially reflection holograms, Kinegram ^® , volume holograms,

Thin film interference filters, diffractive structures, such as blazed structures linear grating, cross grid, hexagonal grid, asymmetrical or symmetrical grating structures, the diffraction structures zero order, moth-eye structures or anisotropic or isotropic matt structures and optically variable printing inks or inks, so-called OVI ^® (OV1 = Optically variable inks), which usually optically variable pigments and / or dyes, liquid crystal layers, in particular on a dark background, photonic crystals, in particular on a dark background, etc. It is possible for the at least two transparent openings to be formed as a metal-free region of the OVD or as an unprinted region in the printing layer. The print layer can eg a Teit the print image of a

To be banknote. In particular, the printing layer can be applied by intaglio printing. The advantage of this technique is that the transparent ones

Openings of the mask layer can be made very small due to the very high resolution of several thousand DPI (dots per inch). Thus, the distance between two transparent openings can be very small. Furthermore, printing and security documents commonly used printing methods can be used. In particular, the indirect high pressure (so-called Letterset) offers a high resolution and lower cost of the printing form over the Intaglio printing process. It is particularly advantageous as a mask layer of such a self

luminous or backlit security element to use an optical device, which is an independent, also independent of the

Luminous layer-providing optical security feature provides, e.g. a Sicherheitsdruckbiid with translucent recesses or OVD, the metallic reflective layer serves as opaque portion of the mask and which additionally has transparent areas, can pass through the light of the luminescent layer of the security element. The interaction of the self-luminous or backlit luminous layer and the as

Masking layer serving optical device results synergistically in a multiple optical effect: on the one hand acts the optical Sicherheits ement as such - regardless of whether the luminescent layer emits or provides light; On the other hand, the security element already shows the above

addressed special optical effects caused by the interaction of a self-luminous or backlit luminescent layer and the

Luminescent layer covering mask layer can be caused. The optical effect of the optical security element is in particular almost undisturbed visible when the Fiächenanteil the transparent openings the mask layer is low. For example, the area fraction is less than 30% and preferably less than 10%. Such a small proportion of area is additionally advantageous for the image quality of the optical effects that result from the interaction with the self-luminous or backlit luminous layer.

On the other hand, the sanctity of the effect decreases with decreasing

Area fraction of the transparent openings. Another disadvantage for the special embodiment of the self-luminous luminescent layer as a display

(In particular, as a matrix display) is that with such small transparent Fiächenanteilen the part of the display, which is superimposed by the mask layer, little or not at all can be used to display information.

For the embodiment with a mask layer of metal (e.g., Al) having additional optical security features such as diffractive structures, it is possible to produce the transparent openings not by demetallization but by providing suitable structures in the region of the transparent openings. These suitable structures must control the transmission of the metal masking layer as compared to the areas around the

increase transparent openings by at least 20%, preferably by at least 90% and more preferably by at least 200%. Examples of the suitable structures are so-called subwavelength gratings with periods below 450 nm, preferably below 400 nm, and depths greater than 0 nm, preferably greater than 200 nm. Such structures for adjusting the transparency of a metal layer are described in WO 2006/024478 A2. Alternatively, these suitable structures may be random structures with average feature size below 450 nm, preferably below 400 nm, and depths greater than 0 nm, preferably greater than 200 nm. The advantage of this variant is that no demetallization is necessary, the disadvantage is that the transmission in the range of

transparent openings is less than in demetallisierten openings. Preferably, the mask layer and in particular the transparent openings of the mask layer are spaced apart from the luminescent layer by a distance h from one another when viewed perpendicularly to one from the visible side or back of the security element spanned plane. Because the askenschicht and the Leuchtschächt not directly adjacent to each other, changes in the tilting of the Sicherheitseiements the area of

Luminescent layer, which is visible through the transparent openings of the mask layer. This makes it possible to achieve interesting optically variable effects, as explained below. The distance h is preferably between 2 μιη and 500 μίη, more preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm, and even more preferably between 25 μηπ and 100 μηη. According to a preferred development of the invention, light which transmits the security element through the mask layer is different

Exit angles leaves, each different optical information ready. A viewer takes in tilting the security element, i. Changing the viewing position and / or tilting of the security element, e.g. horizontally to the left / right or vertically up / down, thus different optical information, e.g. Light pattern, true. Different views at

different viewing angles, i. a characteristic "picture change", is a very simple, fast and at the same time effective way to verify the authenticity of a security document.

It is possible for the at least one luminescent layer to have a luminescent element that illuminates the entire surface or that provides it over the entire surface. Furthermore, however, it is advantageous for the luminescent layer to have one or more first zones into which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light and which are preferably each enclosed by a second zone or separated from one another by a second zone in which the luminescent layer does not emit light or can provide. Thus, for example, one or more light-emitting or light-providing first zones are formed in front of a non-light-emitting or light-providing background, which is formed by a second zone. In this case, the luminescent layer preferably has two or more second zones,

For the formation of the one or more first zones, the luminous layer preferably has one or more separate luminous elements or transparent openings. The transparent openings act in backlighting of the luminescent layer as even luminous lighting elements. The two or more separate light-emitting elements each have a radiation area in which the respective light-emitting element can emit or provide light and which respectively forms one of the first zones. The one or more separate light-emitting elements are preferably in each case a self-luminous display element or a luminescent display element or backlit openings. According to a preferred embodiment, the luminescent layer has a

Mask layer, which is not provided in the region of the first zone or the first zones and is provided in the region of the second zone or the second zones. The mask layer prevents light from the luminescent layer in the region of the second zone or the second zones from being emitted or provided, in the sense that they block or at least substantially block the light emitted or provided by the luminescent layer in the second zone or the second zones weakens. The mask layer preferably has a transmittance of at most 20%, more preferably at most 10% and even more preferably at most 5% in the region of the second zone, and preferably consists of a metallic layer, preferably an opaque metallic layer. Between this mask layer and the rear side of the security element, the luminescent layer preferably has a full-surface luminous element or one or more luminous elements, in particular luminescent display elements or luminescent elements

Ad elements. However, it is also possible for the luminescent layer to be a layer which transmits light incident on the back to the mask layer and thus provides the incident light from the back in the area of the first zones and blocks off in the area of the second zones.

Furthermore, it is also possible that the luminescent layer has one or more, preferably two or more second zones in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light and are preferably each enclosed by a first zone or separated from one another. The luminescent layer thus provides one or more second zones into which the

Luminous layer can not emit or provide light, and which are surrounded by a background, in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light, for example, two or more non-luminous second zones, which are surrounded by a luminous background.

Preferably, one or more of the first zones, preferably all of the first zones at least a lateral dimension of less than 300 μπι, more preferably less than 100 μιτι and even more preferably less than 50 mm. By lateral dimension is here understood a dimension in the plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element, i. E. for example, the width or length of the

Radiating understood a separate light emitting element.

According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one

Mask layer on two or more transparent openings, which are arranged according to a second grid. Next, the at least one

Luminescent layer two or more first zones, in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light and which are arranged according to a first grid. Alternatively, it is also possible for the luminescent layer to have two or more second zones, in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light, and the two or more second zones are arranged according to the first raster. As already stated above, the two or more first zones or two or more second zones are here preferably each separated or enclosed by a first zone or second zone.

According to a first preferred embodiment, in this case the two or more transparent openings of the second grid may each be in the form of a microimage or an inverted microimage, in particular in the form of a motif, a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more letters and / or one Mikrotextes be formed. Concrete examples are denominations of banknotes and exhibition year of passports or ID cards, in which case the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones are preferably formed in the form of a sequence of stripes or pixels when viewed perpendicular to one of the Visible side or the back of the security element spanned plane. For example, it is possible for the luminescent layer to have two or more

Luminous elements whose Abstrahlbereich each have a strip-shaped, rectangular or conical shape, and which form a corresponding sequence of one or more first zones, which has, for example, the shape of a one-dimensional line grid or a two-dimensional dot or Pixeirasters.

Furthermore, however, it is also possible that the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones are each formed in the form of a microimage when viewed perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element, in particular in the form of a motif. a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more

Letters and / or a microtext are formed. In this case, the two or more transparent openings of the second grid have

preferably a strip-shaped, rectangular or conical shape.

In this way interesting optical variable effects can be generated. So it is possible, for example, the raster widths of the first grid and the second raster respectively for adjacent first zones and transparent openings or second zones and transparent openings not to choose the same and to choose so that these rulings differ by less than 10% from each other, preferably not more than 2% of each other

differ. Alternatively, it is also possible to arrange the first raster and the second razor rotated against each other between 0.5 ° and 25 ° degrees, but leave the raster widths of the first raster and the second raster the same or choose them as above cited

adjacent first zones and transparent openings or adjacent second zones and transparent openings by not more than 10%, preferably not more than 2%.

It has been found that with such alignment and formation of the rasters, optically variable magnification, distortion and motion effects can be generated which provide interesting security features.

In this case, the first grid and / or the second grid can be formed by a one- or two-dimensional grid, wherein the grid width of the first grid and the second grid in at least one spatial direction is preferably less than 300 pm, in particular less than 80 pm and more preferably less than 50 pm is chosen. In this case, the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones of the first grid and the transparent openings of the second grid are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that they overlap at least in regions when viewed perpendicularly to a plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element Level. In the case of such an arrangement and design of the grids, the optical effects generated by the individual openings or first zones are mixed for the viewer, as a result of which interesting optically variable effects can be generated. It is also possible that the first raster is a periodic raster having a first period pi ais raster width and / or the second raster is a periodic raster having a second period p ₂ as raster width. It is thus possible for the at least one luminescent layer to have two or more separate luminescent elements which are arranged in a first periodic raster having a first period, and the at least one mask layer has two or more transparent openings which are arranged in a second periodic raster with a first period second period are arranged, wherein the first and second periods are not the same, but similar. This embodiment of the invention is based on a Moire Magnifier effect, which is also known under the name "shape moire" and "band moire". The size of the resulting moiré image depends on how different the periods of the two screens are. Preferred image sizes are between 5 mm and 1, 5 cm of the smallest dimension, for which the grid periods in particular not more than 10% differ from each other, preferably not more than 2% differ from each other. The opaque regions of the mask layer may be formed as metallic regions, eg, a metal layer of a metallized film, or as a print layer. Consequently, the transparent openings may be formed as demetallized areas of a metal layer, for example a metallized film, or as unprinted, thinner printed or printed with a transparent ink areas of a print layer. The transparent openings preferably form so-called "icosahedra", ie preferably images which can not be resolved by the naked eye, which are magnified by the optical interaction with the luminous elements Alternatively, the mask layer can also be inverted, ie the "microimages" are in this case opaque and the background of the "microimages" transparent.The term "images" encompasses all possible information, such as alphanumeric characters, letters, logos, symbols, outlines, pictorial representations, coats of arms, patterns, halftones, etc.

When the area ratio of the transparent openings of the mask layer is large, for example, greater than 50% and preferably greater than 70%, the portion of the Display, which is covered by the mask layer, nevertheless be used to display information by the display. If the optional intermediate layer is present, it must also have a high transmission, for example greater than 50% and preferably greater than 70%, for this case. In this embodiment, it makes sense for the display, in the area covered by the mask layer, to represent an image sequence, this sequence being between the representation of the information of the display-for example the face of the owner of a! D card-and the pattern which with the mask layer interacts, changes.

If the luminescent layer is inactive, i. If no light is emitted or no light is provided, the "microimages" are not or at least not clearly visible as magnified images If the luminous layer is active, ie transmits light or provides light, the "microimages" are clearly visible as enlarged images , These magnified images change, move or tilt vertically as the security element is tilted to the left or right, or up or down, or viewed from different perspectives. Compared with known moiré magnification arrangements, a difference prevails insofar as they are always visible, whereas in the present development of the invention the "microimages" are only clearly visible as enlarged images, if the

Luminescent layer is active or provides light. By "switching" the luminescent layer between on and off or backlit and not backlit, a further optical effect can thus be generated In addition to designs in which the first raster and the second raster are a periodic raster and the microimages are identical microimages, the Furthermore, it has also been shown that advantageous morphing and morphing effects generated during tilting or turning can be achieved by the following embodiments: To achieve such effects, it is proposed that the raster width of the first and / or second rasters and / or the rotation of the first and second rasters be mutually exclusive and / or the shaping of the microimages continuously according to a parameter variation function in at least one spatial direction vary. By changing the raster width of the first and / or second raster and / or changing the rotation of the first and the second raster relative to one another, for example, the magnification (see above) as well as, for example, the direction of movement of the representation resulting from tilting for the viewer be varied. By changing the shape of the micro images according to the

Parameter variation function can be used in combination to generate, for example, transformation effects and complex motion effects. Furthermore, it is also possible that the grid width of the first and / or second grid and / or the rotation of the first and the second grid against each other, and / or the orientation of the first grid and / or the second grid and / or the shape of the In this way, the generation of complex, optically variable effects can be further improved and thus the visual appearance and the counterfeit security of the security element can be further improved. According to a further preferred embodiment, the transparent openings of the second grid and / or the two or more first zones and / or the two or more second zones of the first grid are each varied in their area extent to generate a halftone image. Thus, for example, it is possible that the transparent openings of the second grid or the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones of the first grid each have a strip-shaped shape and the width of the strip-shaped opening or strip-shaped first or second zones locally Generation of a halftone image are varied. This makes it possible, for example, that the viewer when viewing the front or back of the security element in a state in which of the

Luminous layer no light is gestelitgestgestelit or is sent, the

corresponding halftone image is visible for example in reflected light and in one State in which the luminescent layer provides or emits light, the one described above, by the interaction of the mask layer and the

Luminous layer generated Sicherheitsmerkmai is visible. It is also possible that a first such halftone image when viewed from the

Front (in incident light), a second, different halftone image when viewed from the back (in incident light) is visible, and viewed from the visible side in a state in which the luminous layer provides light or emits light, by the interaction of the luminescent layer and the mask layer described security feature is visible. In this case, for example, the first halftone image is provided by the variation of the transparent apertures of the second screen as described above and the second halftone image by the corresponding variation of the first zones or the second zones of the first screen. Furthermore, it is also possible to additionally generate a color image by correspondingly different coloring of the mask layer in the opaque regions arranged between the transparent openings of the second grid when viewed from the visible side, which preferably only becomes visible when the luminous layer does not provide light or sending out. Such a multi-color image can be further varied locally by the above-described variation of the transparent openings of the second grid or in its color halo.

It is possible for the at least one mask layer to have at least two arrangements of transparent openings, wherein light emitted by the at least one luminous layer leaves the security element through the at least two arrangements, in each case under different exit walls. An array of transparent openings comprises one or more openings.

At least two arrangements of transparent openings thus comprise at least two different openings, which differ from one another in terms of their arrangement, ie position, in the mask layer and optionally additionally by their shape. A viewer takes while tilting the Security element thus different optical information, eg

Light pattern, true: his eye reaches light through openings of a first

Arrangement, he sees a first optical information. Achieved at one

Deviating viewing angle his eye light through openings of a second arrangement, he sees a second optical information. Different views at different viewing angles, i. a characteristic "picture change" is a very simple, fast and at the same time effective way of verifying the authenticity of a security document A simple example is a picture change between the denomination number of a banknote of "50" and a national coat of arms e.g. the "Swiss Cross".

It is possible that the light which leaves the safety element through the at least two arrangements at respectively different exit angles forms a picture sequence consisting of two or more pictures, each of these pictures being at a different exit angle! is present. With an image sequence, e.g. shows a galloping horse, film-like very memorable optical information can be transmitted. Moving pictures in

Connection to self-illuminating, flashable or light-providing luminous elements, which may even emit or provide colored light, creates a stunning visual effect on security documents that provides an effective and easily memorable way to verify the authenticity of a security document

It is preferred for the at least one luminescent layer to have two or more separate luminescent elements arranged in pattern-like fashion, and

transparent openings of the at least two arrangements are adapted to this pattern. Here is everyone, to the visual effect

contributing, light emitting element each associated with at least one opening, through soft light emitted by the light emitting element leaves the security element in each case at an associated exit angle. By a

Coordination of the lighting elements on the openings, an interaction of different openings of an arrangement can be achieved. Under a Thus, a given viewer not only reaches light through a transparent opening, but also a multiplicity of transparent openings. This in turn opens up the possibility of forming rasterized images in the form of a digital raster graphic whose pixels, ie picture elements, are created by a clever arrangement and spatial distribution of the openings , are formed by the individual openings. In a typical arrangement for forming a

Biidwechsel are two openings of the mask layer arranged symmetrically in a layer spacing h over an associated luminous element of the luminescent layer.

It is preferred that the at least one luminescent layer and the at least one mask layer are arranged parallel to one another. In this case, it is easier to maintain mutual register accuracy than if the at least one luminescent layer and the at least one mask layer are at an acute angle to each other.

It is possible that at least partially between the at least one

Luminous layer and the at least one mask layer at least one opaque intermediate layer is arranged, which has at least one arrangement of translucent openings. By "cross-talk" in the context of the security element is meant the phenomenon that light from a second light element passes through transparent openings of the mask layer to the viewer associated with a first light element, i.e. an unwanted transmission of light through a transparent opening of the mask layer.

This problem occurs especially when the distance between the

Luminous layer and the mask layer is relatively large. If now an intermediate layer is inserted between the luminescent layer and the mask layer, then the translucent openings of the intermediate layer act as a kind of second luminescent layer, but now with a reduced distance to the mask layer. As a result of the reduced distance, the problem of "cross talk" can be reduced or avoided. A further advantage of an intermediate layer is that an illuminating shaft which illuminates or prepares the entire surface, for example a large-area LED or a transparent, diffusely scattering and backlit foil, can be easily transformed into a grid of separate luminous elements, ie pixels (LED). Light Emitting Diode).

Preferably, the intermediate layer is closely matched to the mask layer, e.g. in a common manufacturing process, and in the form of a

Layer composite / laminate used together for the production of the security element. The arrangement of the translucent openings of the intermediate layer can be matched to the luminescent layer or be independent of it.

Such an intermediate layer can, for example, register exactly to the

Mask layer are made by both layers by printing on the front and back of a film. It is also conceivable, in a manufacturing process, to arrange the masking layer and intermediate layer or luminous layer with respect to one another in winking fashion and / or positionally accurate by means of an image recognition which produces the optical effect in the case of backlighting or

switched-on luminous layer evaluates to control. A register-accurate or register-accurate arrangement of two layers relative to one another here means a coordinated arrangement of the two layers relative to one another, in particular in the form of a positionally accurate arrangement of the two layers relative to each other. In particular, such an arrangement of two layers to each other is achieved in that when applying a layer, the exact position of the other layer is detected, for example, detected by register marks, and the position of this other layer, in particular their position in one of the front. or back of the security element or security document

spanned level in the application of the layer is taken into account.

In this way, in particular, it can be achieved that openings of the layer are arranged with exact position relative to one another, in particular when viewed in cover a plane perpendicular to the front or rear side of the security element or security document.

It is possible for light-scattering or luminescent elements to be arranged in the light-permeable openings of the intermediate layer which scatter light incident from the luminous layer in the direction of the mask layer or emit it again under luminescence. The light-scattering elements may be e.g. Made of matt, transparent materials that diffuse incident light diffusely. The luminescent elements may be fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials which absorb incident light and re-radiate it in the same or a different wavelength range, with immediate temporal and / or temporal offset. Such luminescent elements can not only be seen from below viewed from the visible side

Luminescent layer to be excited. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that

luminescent elements from the visible side, i. to excite through the mask layer.

It is possible for the at least one luminescent layer to have two or more separate luminous elements, wherein these luminous elements and the at least one transparent opening of the mask sheath, viewed perpendicularly to the plane of the foil body, have a rectangular shape. Preferably, this rectangular shape is a rectangle with length m and width n, wherein the

Ratio m / n is greater than or equal to 2. Weather it is advantageous if the outline of the lighting elements is identical to that of the openings; then, when the security element is tilted about the longitudinal axis of the lighting elements or openings, the light from the lighting element completely fills the associated opening in the mask layer, without any unlighted portions remaining. Alternatively, the transparent opening of the mask layer, viewed perpendicular to the plane of the film body, may have a square or circular shape with the edge length or diameter m. Again, it is advantageous if the outline of the lighting elements is identical to that of the openings. It is possible for the at least one luminous layer to have two or more separate luminous elements, wherein the gap between adjacent luminous elements is considerably larger than the width of the luminous elements,

Preferably, a distance between adjacent lighting elements is about 5 times larger, preferably about 10 times larger than the width of the lighting elements. In this case, an unambiguous assignment of openings of the mask layer to a single luminous element of the luminous layer is possible.

It is possible that the at least one luminescent layer is two or more

Has luminous elements that emit light in at least two different colors. The use of different light colors allows for additional impressive visual effects, in addition to a healing-dark light pattern given by the mask layer. For example, an observer may, in addition to a picture change at different

Viewing angles perceive different colors. If a matrix of individual luminous elements is used, which can be controlled as pixel-like individual picture elements, preferably analogous to pixels in image sensors and

Screens in the form of areas each of a basic color (RGB = red, green and blue), depending on the control of the lighting elements different colored images can be generated. For example, it would be possible with such a luminescent layer with a suitable mask layer to achieve a change from a true-color image to a false-color image. For such

It is important for the color change that the mask layer not only aligns in the register with the pixels of the display, but additionally that the openings in the mask layer are aligned with the correct color pixel.

The security element is preferably a

Safety element for marking and increasing the

Counterfeit security of a security document, in particular a banknote, a security, a check, a tax stamp, a

Postage stamp, a visa, a motor vehicle document, a ticket or a paper document, or identification documents (ID documents), in particular a passport or an iD card, an identity card, a driver's license, a bank card, a credit card, one

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Security document a thickness of at most 2000 μηη and preferably of at most 1000 pm and even more preferably of a maximum of 500 μηι on. In this case, there is a particularly practical overall thickness of the security document and the security element arranged thereon. Have ID1 cards

For example, according to ISO 7810, a thickness of 0.762 mm (exactly 0.03 inches) with a tolerance of ± 0.08mm. Limiting the overall thickness is particularly important in security documents which are subject to machine handling, such as e.g. Banknotes in ATMs or counting and sorting machines and ID cards in standard readers. Here too great a total thickness of the security document would be the handling

particularly for banknotes, it is particularly preferred if the security document has a thickness in the range from 20 to 200 μm and further from 50 to 200 μm, in this case preferably in the range from 50 to 140 μm and further from 85 to 140 μm, in particular from approx 100 pm.

The at least one security element can be formed in strip form or in the form of a label on the security document or can be arranged as a strip or as a label within a layer region, in particular transparent, layer laminate.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the security document is printed after application of the at least one security element with at least one opaque printing ink and / or at least one opaque color coat. In a Embodiment only areas of the security element are covered with it.

The stiffness of the composite of security document and security element in the region of a piezoelectric energy source is to be adjusted so that the impressed force and the mechanical stress caused thereby spreads to other areas of the energy source, in particular to the whole area of the energy source, to bend the layer to produce a sufficiently high voltage for switching the luminescent layer of piezoelectric material. The rigidity may generally be prior to or after an application of the security element to the security document by a targeted

area-wise application of opaque ink and / or an opaque color coat and / or an application of further, also voliflächiger transparent layers influenced and brought into the required range.

The at least one security element can on the

Security document arranged or embedded in this. On a surface of the security document that becomes at least one

Security element preferably by embossing using a

Transfer film or laminating applied. An introduction within the

Security document preferably already takes place during the production of the security document. Thus, in the case of a security document made of paper, the at least one security element can already be introduced into the paper during papermaking. In the case of banknotes, the security element can also be generated only during the integration into the banknote. For example, this can be done by hot embossing of a KINEGRAM® patch with a demetailization in the arrangement of the transparent openings of the mask layer, wherein on the other side of the banknote a precisely matching intaglio print is applied. In the region of the security element, this pressure has transparent openings which, in interaction with the transparent openings of the opposite mask layer, produce the desired optical effect in transmitted light. For 1 D documents, the Security element laminated in a layer composite of the security document or applied to the surface of the security document.

Furthermore, it is also possible that the security element as such already forms a security document, which is, for example, a security document

Banknote, a security, a paper document, an identification card, in particular a passport or an ID or bank card. The

In this case, the security element can also be constructed from different sub-elements, which are laminated together during the production process. For example, it is possible that the at least one

Mask layer is formed by a flexible, multilayer film body, softer than laminating or transfer layer of a transfer film on the

Luminous layer of the security element is applied. Optionally, transparent intermediate layers may also be present between the luminescent layer and the multilayered foil body. Furthermore, it is also possible that the masking layer and the luminescent layer are embedded between different layers of the security element.

In the following the invention will be explained with reference to several embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings. It shows schematically and not to scale:

1 is a plan view of a security document with a security element arranged on one side of the security document;

Fig. 2 is a section of the security document of Fig. 1;

3a shows a section of a security element;

Fig. 3b is a plan view of the security element of Fig. 3a;

4 shows a section of a security element;

Fig. 5 optical effects of the security element of Fig. 3;

6 shows a section of a further security element;

7 shows a plan view of the security element of FIG. 6, as well as optical effects that can be achieved with this security element; 8 shows a section of a security element for realizing a Biidfoige. Fig. 9 optical effects of the security element of Fig. 8;

10 shows a luminescent layer in the form of a pixel matrix;

11 is a plan view of an embodiment of a luminescent layer and a mask layer matched thereto;

Fig. 12 is a side view of various arrangements of the luminescent layer and mask layer for explaining cross-talk;

Fig. 13 is a plan view of various arrangements of the luminescent layer and the mask layer for explaining the angular orientation;

Fig. 14 is a side view of various arrangements of the luminescent layer and the mask layer for explaining the angular distance;

Fig. 15 side and top view of an arrangement of luminescent layer and

Mask layer for realizing a stereoscopic image; Fig. 16 shows two calculated fields of a cube;

FIG. 17 shows an arrangement for the realization of anaglyph images; FIG.

Fig. 18 shows a further arrangement of luminescent layer and mask layer for

Realization of a stereoscopic image;

19a shows a luminescent layer and mask layer for realizing a

Moirevergrößerung;

0 Fig. 19b shows an arrangement for realizing a moire enlargement;

Fig. 20 optical effects of moire magnification;

Fig. 21a is a schematic plan view of a security document;

FIG. 21b is a schematic sectional view of a detail of FIG

Security document according to Fig. 21a;

Fig. 21c is a schematic enlarged plan view of a mask layer;

Fig. 21d is a schematic enlarged plan view of a mask layer; Fig. 21 e is a schematic sectional view of a security document with a security element;

Figures 21f and 21g are photographs of the optical effects provided by the security element of Figure 21e 0;

Fig. 22 an intermediate layer;

FIG. 23 shows a further intermediate layer; FIG. FIG. 24 shows a section of a security element with a LEEC; FIG.

Fig. 25 is a section of a security element with a fluorescent

Intermediate layer softens by a built-in security element

OLED is illuminated;

Fig. 26 is a section of a security element with a fluorescent

Intermediate layer which is illuminated by an external lamp; 27a shows a section of a security element in which the luminescent layer and the mask layer are combined in one layer;

FIG. 27b is a sectional view of a detail of a security document with a security element; FIG.

FIGS. 27c and 27d show photos of the optical effect of the security element according to FIG

Fig. 27b;

28 shows an arrangement for producing a security element;

FIG. 29 shows a section of the security element which corresponds to that in FIG. 29

shown arrangement has been produced;

Fig. 30 is a sectional view of a transfer sheet; and

Fig. 31 is a diagram of the viewing distance.

Fig. 1 shows a security document 100, on the view side of a

Security element 1, which is to complicate a forgery of the security document 100, is attached. The security element 1 comprises a

Mask layer 4 with transparent openings 41, 42 in the form of

Capital letters "I" and "S" and a luminescent layer 2 arranged between the mask layer 4 and the security document 100. The luminescent layer has a rectangular outline in the direction perpendicular to the xy plane, with the longer sides running in the y direction.

Fig. 2 shows a section through the Sicherheitseiement 1 along the line II-II indicated in Fig. 1. The security element 1 is formed by a flexible multi-layered film body, which is fastened with its underside 12 on one side of the security document 100, for example by gluing a Kiebemittelschicht, and with its visible side 11 to a viewer 3 of the Security element 1 points. The foamed body 1 comprises the luminous layer 2, which can generate and emit light 20, and the mask layer 4, which completely covers the luminous layer 2. The luminescent layer 2 and the

Mask layer 4 are spaced apart here at a distance h. The mask layer 4 comprises opaque areas 5 and transparent openings 41, 42. The vertically looking from above on the security element 1 viewer 3 can not perceive light that is emitted from the luminescent layer 2, since this in the vertical direction, in Fig. 2 with indicated by a dashed-dotted line, is blocked by the middle opaque region 5 of the mask layer.

The distance h in this case is the distance between the underside of the mask layer 4 and the upper side of the luminescent layer 2, in particular the first zones of the luminescent layer, in which this light radiates or provides.

Only when the viewer 3 his perspective in mathematically positive

Direction of rotation about the angle θι about the y-axis, ie to the left in the drawing, light passes through the transparent openings 41 in the shape of the capital letter "i" to the viewer 3. In this viewing direction 61, the observer 3 therefore takes the luminous capital letter When the observer 3 swivels his direction of movement in the mathematically negative direction through the angle θ ₂ about the y-axis, ie to the right in the drawing, light passes through the transparent openings 42 in the form of the capital letter "S". The viewer 3 thus perceives the luminous capital letter "S".

Depending on the viewing direction, a viewer 3 thus perceives either no information, first or second information. Thus, this embodiment of the invention offers the optical effect of the so-called "image flip." Fig. 3a shows a section through a security element 1, which comprises a luminescent layer 2, formed from a multiplicity of periodic luminous elements 21 and at a distance h a mask layer 4 which has two various arrangements 41 and 42 of holes. In this case, each light-emitting element 21 is associated with an opening of each of the two arrangements 41 and 42, respectively. The light-emitting elements 21 are, for example, elongate LEDs whose longitudinal axis runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Both

Openings 41, 42 are also elongated openings with a rectangular outline whose longitudinal axis parallel to the

Luminous elements 21 extends.

A plan view of the visible side of the security element 1 of FIG. 3 a is shown in FIG. 3 b, wherein the luminous elements 21, which are not visible through the mask layer 4, are indicated by dashed lines. A lighting element 21 is laterally offset each associated with an opening of the arrangement 41, 42, so that a viewer 3 perceives the security element 1 perpendicular to the plane of the security element no light, but from a first angle light through the first arrangement 41 of the openings to the Eye of the beholder arrives. In one in the opposite direction pivoted

For example, the first array 41 of apertures may be formed such that the light pattern indicates the viewer 3 capital letter A, while light passing through the apertures of the second array 42 may be directed to the viewer Viewer 3 arrives, the viewer 3 displays the capital letter B.

For example, the transparent openings may include demetaiised areas in a metallized security element having conventional optically variable effects in reflection, e.g. Hologram, Kinegram® etc, be.

The transparent openings may alternatively contain suitable structures which, even without demetalization, have a much higher transmissivity than structures designed for reflection. These suitable structures must reduce the transmission of the metal mask layer by at least 20%, preferably by at least 20%, compared to the areas around the transparent openings increase at least 90% and more preferably by at least 200%. Examples for the suitable structures are so-called sub-wavelength grating with periods below 450nm, preferably below 400nm, and depths greater than 100nm, preferably greater than 200nm. Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic side view of a mask layer 4, which in the openings 41 as

Sub-wavelength structures as described above relief structures

411 has. The pitch of the transparent openings 41 is p. Between the openings 41, the mask layer 4 has relief structures

412, which produce optically variable effects in reflection, but at the same time not or only slightly increase the transmission through the metal layer. By way of example, the relief structure 412 has sinusoidal gratings, mirror surfaces and / or blazed gratings whose spatial frequency is preferably between 100 and 2000 lines / mm.

Fig. 5a shows a top view of the security element 1 of Fig. 3 when the luminescent layer 2 is inactive, i. no light is emitted or ready. In this case, the information present in the form of the openings of the mask layer 4 in the security element is not visible, so to speak "hidden." Only a conventional reflection hologram 30, which partially covers the luminescent layer 2 and represents the letters "OK" as a security feature, is visible, noticeable. A metallic reflection layer of the reflection hologram 30 serves as a mask layer 4 of the security element 1.

Figs. 5b to 5d show optical effects of the security element when the luminescent layer 2 is active, i. Send out or ready light. Fig. 5b shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when looking perpendicularly at the plane of the security element 1. (n this case, i.e. at vertical

Contemplation, the light emitted from the luminescent layer 2 towards the viewer is blocked by opaque areas of the mask layer 4, so that the viewer perceives no light in the region of the mask layer 4. The observer only perceives light in the region of the luminous layer 2 which is not covered by the mask layer 4. In addition, the reflection hologram 30 partially covering the luminescent layer 2 is visible. FIGS. 5c and 5d show the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed obliquely from the plane of the security element 1. In these cases, the information which is present in the form of the openings 41, 42 of the mask layer 4 in the security element 1 is visible. Additionally is suitable

Illuminates the reflection hologram 30, which partially covers the luminescent layer 2, visible. Fig. 5c shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the left: the letter "A" is visible Fig. 5d shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the right: the letter _B B " visible, noticeable. When the viewing angle is changed, different information appears, in this example either A or B, since light beams having different exit angles are respectively transmitted through the mask layer 4. Even in heavily darkened rooms this is

Letter flip / picture change easily recognizable.

The colors in which the information appears are determined by the luminescent layer 2, but may be changed by colored, fluorescent, phosphorescent and other layers that can cause a change in a light color and lie between the luminescent layer 2 and the viewer.

6 shows a section through a further security element 1. The section essentially corresponds to the section shown in FIG. 3, but in FIG. 6, the openings 41, 42 have different lengths, as shown in FIG. In the section of the luminous element shown in FIG. 7 a, the first arrangement 41 of openings comprises a total of three openings, which are arranged on the left side of the luminous elements 21. The second arrangement 42 of openings in this section comprises a total of five short openings, which are each arranged on the right side of the luminous elements 21. If a viewer looks at the security element in a first angular position A, as shown in FIG. 6, he sees a square as shown in FIG. 7b due to the light which passes through the long openings 41 from the luminous element 21 to the viewer. On the other hand, if the viewer looks from an angular position B, as in As shown in Figure 6, the light passing from the light emitting elements 21 through the short apertures 42 to the eye of the observer forms a continuous, narrow band as shown in Figure 7c. When switching between the

Positions A and B, a viewer accordingly perceives a change between the two images 7b and 7c. This requires a phase shift of the apertures of the second image compared to the apertures of the first image. If the luminous elements 21 are formed multicolored, each of the two different, different images can be displayed in a separate color, e.g. as a green square and a yellow stripe. When viewing the security element 1 perpendicular to the plane of the security element 1, the viewer does not perceive any light from the light elements 21. In this case, the security element 1 appears to him dark, or merely perceives a security feature that is placed on the opaque areas of the mask layer 4. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the images shown, i. the

Square and the continuous strip, represent only two arbitrary examples. Other possibilities for pictures are e.g. Texts, logos or pictures whose

Resolution of the grid of the lighting elements 21 and the openings 41, 42 depends. Fig. 8 shows a section through a security element 1 for the realization of a picture sequence. An image photograph is created completely analogously to a picture change: instead of a change between two pictures A and B, a sequence of several pictures A, B, C, D and E is realized, which are successively perceptible when the security element is tilted from left to right, and as shown in Figure 8, about the longitudinal axis of the light emitting elements 21st

8 shows a luminescent layer 2 with separate luminous elements 21, over which a mask layer 4 is arranged at a vertical distance h, which has five arrangements 41 to 45 of openings. About a single

Luminous element 21 is arranged in a symmetrical arrangement in each case an opening of each arrangement 41 to 45. Since only every other luminous element 21 of the luminous layer 2 is activated or provides light, neighboring active ones have Luminous elements 21 a lateral distance of 2 xp, where, for example, p = 200 pm. The openings are respectively structured, ie formed either opaque or transparent, that the entirety of the openings of an array 41 to 45 generates the desired light image. If the openings, as shown in Fig. 8, are structured in the form of capital letters A to E, sees a viewer 3 when tilting the security element 1 from left to right, the light 20 each

Luminous elements 21 successively through each of the successive

Openings 41 to 45, wherein at each viewing angle, a different Leuchtbiid is perceived by him. The viewer 3 tilts this

Security element 1 in the opposite direction, appear successively images E to A, i. in the reverse order. The number of images that can be displayed in such an image sequence and the complexity of each individual image are determined by the resolution of the image

Mask layer 4 and the geometry of the combination of luminescent layer 2 and mask layer 4 limited.

9 shows a security document 100 on which a luminescent layer 2 is partially covered by a reflection hologram 30, wherein a metallic reflection layer of the reflection hologram 30 simultaneously serves as a mask layer 4 for the security element 1. In the lower part of Figure 9 is the

Image sequence, as already indicated in Fig. 8, in a plan view of the

Security document 100 shown. It results in a consequence of

Capital letters A to E. FIG. 10 shows a light-emitting luminescent layer in the form of a pixel matrix consisting of individual pixels 21, which respectively emit red, green or blue light. The matrix consists of rows in the x-direction and columns in the y-direction. Each pixel 21 has a dimension of 0.045 mm in the x direction and 0.194 mm in the y direction in this example. The pixels are in one

arranged periodic grid with a period of 0.07 mm in the x-direction and of 0.210 mm in the y-direction. The color sequence within a line is red (= R), green (= G), blue (= B), while in a column only one color at a time occurs. Preferably, the individual pixels 21 are designed as LEDs, for example as an OLED.

Registration of the pixel matrix to the mask layer may also be

done by software. In this case, it is measured at which combination of luminous pixels the desired effect with the mask layer is optimal. Alternatively, the display may display a sequence of combinations of luminous pixels, with the aim that one of the combinations is as close to optimum as possible.

Another possible embodiment of a luminescent layer in the form of a

Pixel matrix is a matrix arrangement of 128 x 128 pixels (RGB) with

Overall dimensions of the matrix of 33.8 mm x 33.8 mm. A possible embodiment of a luminescent layer is a full-area OLED. Such OLEDs can, for example, illuminate over the whole area to 10 mm × 10 mm. Common shades of OLEDs are currently green, red or white.

It is possible for a mask layer to be arranged in the form of a film over one of the above-described luminescent layers, wherein the distance between the luminescent layer and the mask layer may be approximately 0.7 mm. However, a smaller distance is more advantageous for most applications as will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of a luminescent layer 2 (FIG. 11a) and a mask layer 4 (FIG. 11b) with which colored images can be generated. With such a structure of the luminescent layer 2 and mask layer 4, it is even possible to produce various optical effects for different colors. FIG. 11a shows a plan view of a matrix consisting of pixels 21 which are divided into rows in the x-direction and columns in the y-direction. The distances and dimensions correspond to those of the IViatrix shown in FIG. The individual pixels are controlled in such a way that in a row only pixels of a single Color light radiate, ie in the top line only the red pixels 21 R light up in the underlying line only green pixels 21 G light up, in the line underneath only blue pixels 21 B light up and in the bottom line, at the beginning of a new cycle, again only red pixels 21 R light up. The mask layer shown in FIG. 11b has a different arrangement of openings for each of the colors R, G and B, ie for the red pixels 21 R the arrangements 41 and 42, for the green pixels 21 G the arrangements 43 and 44 and for the blue pixels, the arrays 45 and 46. Since an opening for each pixel or group of pixels can be formed completely independently of the other openings, a different effect can be generated for each light color R, G and B. In this way, an observer perceives an effect that results from the interaction of the red light elements 21R with the "red" openings 4, 42 when the red pixels 21R associated with these openings 41 and 42 are activated different optical effect occurs when the blue pixels 21 B are activated, etc. In this way it is possible, for example, to produce "color fast" 3-D images. In this type of embodiment of the luminescent layer and the mask layer, an alignment in the x and y direction is necessary, so that the correct openings 41 to 46 come to lie above the corresponding luminous elements 21.

Fig. 12a illustrates a problem referred to as "cross-talk" in that light emitted or provided by two adjacent luminous elements 21a and 21b passes through the same openings 41 and 42 to a viewer 3. Looking at the figure 12a exactly, it can be seen that in the angular position A, the observer receives light from the first luminous element 21a, which passes through the opening 41 to the observer, which is associated with the first luminous element 21a, with only a slight change

Angular position B receives the viewer 2 light from the adjacent

Luminous element 21b, which passes through the opening 42 to the viewer 3, which is also associated with the first light-emitting element 21a. The fact that light of the second lighting element 21b by the first lighting element A solution of this problem is shown in Figure 12b, the solution being that the distance between the light-emitting elements is increased, which can be realized, for example, by: Only every second or third row of luminous elements 21 is activated In the example shown in Figure 12b, the luminous element 21b has been deactivated, so that no cross-talk can occur between the two adjacent luminous elements 21a and 2b. that too a cross-taik between the two

Luminous elements 21a and 21c may occur because light from the luminous element 21c can pass through the opening 42, which is associated with the first luminous element 21 a, however, occurs in this case, the cross-talk only at a much larger change in the viewing angle, i. with a change of the viewing angle from the position A to the position B. Such a large change in the viewing angle does not occur unintentionally, so that here the risk of unwanted cross-talks is not given.

As an alternative to increasing the spacing of the luminous elements, the distance or the period of the transparent openings can also be increased. This, too, has the effect of reducing the "cross-talk." Fig. 13 illustrates a problem with angular alignment. FIG. 13a shows a plan view of a luminescent layer consisting of a grid of separate luminescent elements 21, which are arranged uniformly in rows and columns. The dimensions and dimensions of each

Luminous elements 21 correspond to those of Figure 10. Figure 13b shows a

Top view of a mask layer 4 with an array of line-shaped openings 41, which are arranged in a grid with a distance of 0.210 mm. The luminescent layer 2 thus consists of light-imitating lines 21 with a grid spacing of 210 pm and the mask layer consists of linear window openings, likewise with a grid spacing of 210 pm. One

Security element is formed in which the mask layer 4 over the

Luminous layer 2 is arranged. Falis the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 are aligned correctly with each other, ie, so that a maximum Transmission results, the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 are completely parallel to the running in the y direction columns of the luminescent layer 2. Furthermore, the lateral position, ie the positioning of the mask layer 4 upwards and downwards as to the left and to the right, in the Drawing plane aligned with the MittelspaSten 21 of the luminescent layer 2, as shown in Figure 3c. If the angle of the mask layer 4 differs only slightly from the correct position with respect to the luminescent layer 2, only a small amount of light passes through the mask layer, as shown in FIG. 13d. In the production of a

The security element according to the invention, it is therefore necessary the

Mask layer 4 to align with the luminescent layer 2, both laterally and with respect to the angle. Preferably, the angular orientation of the mask layer 4 with respect to the luminescent layer 2 is better than 0.5 °, in particular better than 0.1 °. For the production of such security elements, e.g. for ID cards, it may therefore be advantageous to perform an active positioning during the manufacturing process. It is conceivable to control the angular and / or positionally accurate arrangement of the mask layer 4 and intermediate layer 6 or luminous layer 2 relative to each other via an image recognition, which evaluates the optical effect in the case of backlighting or switched on luminous layer. It is also possible to provide mask layers with built-in alignment marks in the production in order to simplify the angular and lateral register accuracy of the mask layer with respect to the single luminance elements of the luminous layer.

Fig. 14 illustrates a problem with angular separation of images Fig. 14a shows a section of a security element 1 comprising a luminescent layer 2 with individual luminescent elements 21 arranged one another at a lateral distance p and one above it

Mask layer having a first 41 and a second 42 array of

Openings, so that light of a luminous element 21 at two predetermined angular positions A and B through the openings 4, 42 through to the eye a viewer 3 can get. The angle Θ, which indicates the exit angle of the light from a luminous element 21 through an opening 4, 42 assigned to it, is next to the lateral distance s, which is the luminous element 21

associated openings 4, 42 also determined by the vertical distance h between the mask layer and the luminescent layer 2. For a security element 1 with the exemplary dimensions p ~ 200 μηι, h = 200 pm and s = 120 m is the hint! Θ = arctane (60 μιη / 200 μηι) = 16.7 °. For the two images A and B thus results in a total Winkeiabstand of about 34 °, which represents a practicable angular distance. However, if the cover layer of the luminescent layer 2 is significantly thicker, i. if the vertical distance h takes much larger values, the situation changes.

FIG. 14b shows such an arrangement in which the vertical distance h is considerably greater than the embodiment example shown in FIG. 14a. Is e.g. h = 600 μηι, so the exit angle changes! to the following value: β = arctane (60 μηη / 600 μηι) ~ 5.7 °. This means that for large vertical distances h between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4, the angle β becomes relatively small and not ergonomic. For large distances of the luminous elements 21 from the window openings 41, 42, it is advantageous only every second row of

Luminaires 21 to use, or even only every third or fourth row. Usually, the ratio s / h, ie the quotient of the lateral distance s and the vertical distance h, is in the range of 1/5 to 10. Preferably, the ratio s / h is in the range of 1/3 to 4. In addition, this problem may arise be substantially improved when the mask layer 4 is simultaneously an electrode of the luminescent layer 2, a configuration which will be explained in more detail below. In such an embodiment, the distance between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 is significantly less than in the embodiment shown in Figure 14b. Fig. 15 shows in the upper part of a section of a mask layer 4, which by a viewer with a left eye 3! and a right eye 3r. In the direction behind the mask layer is a luminous layer 2 with separate light-emitting elements 21 R, 21 B are arranged, each emitting or providing either red light R or blue light B. These luminous elements 21 R, 21 B may be formed, for example, as an LED pixel. The solid lines 31 indicate the limits of the field of vision of the eyes 31, 3r. For the observer 3, two cylindrical objects 01, 02 seem to float in the viewing direction in front of the mask layer 4. The first object 01 is red, closer to the

Viewer 31, 3r and smaller than the other, blue object 02, which in

Looks to the right of the first object 01 floats. The observer 31, 3r has the impression of a 3D image. This stereoscopic image is effected by an embodiment of the mask layer 4, in which to the left eye 31 of the observer other information than to his right eye 3r. The dashed or solid lines 20 indicate the behavior of light rays of red or blue light passing from the light emitting elements 21 R, 21 B through the mask layer 4 to the eyes 3i, 3r of the observer.

Fig. 15 shows in the lower part of a plan view of the mask layer 4, wherein for ease of illustration, each associated with an eye 31, 3r arrangement of openings 411, 42! or 41 r, 42r is shown in a separate Teilbiid. The top plan view Bl of the mask layer 4 shows the position of the openings 411, 421, which allow light intended for the left eye 31 to pass to the left eye 31. The lower plan view Br of the mask layer 4 shows the position of the

Openings 41 r, 42 r, which for the right eye 3 r specific light to the right eye 31 therethrough. The two narrower openings 411, 41 r allow red light R to reach the viewer from red lighting elements, the two wider openings 42I, 42R blue light B from luminous elements emitting blue light. The position of the openings 411, 421 and 41 r, 42r on the mask layer 4 in the lower part of Fig. 15 is given by the

Intersections of the light rays 20 with the cut shown

Mask layer 4 in the upper part of Fig. 15 are transmitted vertically in the lower part of Fig. 15. These transmission lines - solid or dashed - are given without reference numerals. in the mask layer 4 so the openings 411, 421, 41 r, 42r with

different lighting elements one in the viewing direction behind the

Mask layer 4 arranged luminescent layer 2 is tuned so that the left eye 31, the partial biid marked as Βί and the right eye 3r appears as Br designated partial biography. By superimposing both partial images Bl, Br, which are perceived by one of the two eyes 31 and, respectively, in the brain of an observer, the observer has the impression of a three-dimensional arrangement of the two objects 01 and 02

Viewing distance similar to the normal reading distance, so about 20 to 40 cm, assumed.

The arrangements for displaying 3-dimensional lines, i. stereoscopic images, is basically analogous to the realization of an image flip ("image flip").

The classic way to generate stereo images is to use a special two-eyed stereoscopic camera. However, it is easier to model an object in the computer and calculate the two fields perceived by the left and right eyes. This procedure is shown schematically in Figure 16, showing a cube of dimensions 20 mm x 20 mm. It is assumed that the left and right eyes are 80 mm apart, and that the eyes are 300 mm away from the cube are raised 60 mm vertically above the center of the cube. Figure 16 shows the two fields, which were calculated under these geometric conditions using the software Mathematsca ^®.

A common way to combine the two images as shown in Figure 16 uses anaglyph images: the two of the red and green, respectively

moistened luminous elements 21 R, 21G generated fields are presented superimposed, wherein the left Bi red inked R and colored the right green G, as shown in Figure 17. For such a stereoscopic view you need a special pair of glasses, the left glass colored red and the right glass is dyed green.

Since you can not see a red image through a red-colored glass and vice versa, each eye 31, 3r only one field at a time, so that you can generate a stereoscopic impression. This method works very well on computer monitors. There are several possible combinations, e.g. red / green or green / red or red / cyan or blue / red etc.

To generate such a stereoscopic image with a

Security element according to one embodiment of the present invention, one raster-wise transfers the two fields to the mask layer 4, e.g. by demetallizing an OVD whose metallic reflection layer serves as mask layer 4. The mask layer 4 is obtained in this way

those places which allow light from the light elements 21 to reach the left eye 3I and the right eye 3R of a viewer, respectively, so that the respective stereoscopic field can be perceived by the viewer, as shown schematically in FIG. This procedure is analogous to the calculations needed for an anaglyph biid. In this case, the window openings 41 of the mask layer 4 determine the pixels that are each seen by an eye 31, 3r. The same challenges remain as e.g. cross-talk or resolution etc. for this variant as well as for the variants explained above, the possible solutions being similar.

Fig. 19a illustrates the structure of a security element for realizing a moire magnification effect, which is also known by the technical terms "shape moire" or "band moire".

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a moire magnification arrangement is realized with the following structure: a revealing layer, formed by a luminescent layer 2 with linear first zones 21 1 into which the luminescent layer 2 can emit or provide light, lies below a base layer, formed by a mask layer 4 with periodically arranged and identical openings 41 of a particular shape. The first zones 21 1 are here separated from each other by one or more second zones 212, in which the luminescent layer does not emit light or

can provide. The first zones 211 are preferably each formed by one or more light-emitting elements. Thus, Fig. 19a shows a corresponding representation in which the first zones 21 1 are each formed by a line-shaped light-emitting element 21, whose emission area has a linear shape, and which forms one of the first zones 211.

FIG. 19a shows the luminescent layer 2 serving as emitter layer and the mask layer 4 arranged above it, wherein the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 each show the letter combination OK. The term "over" is to be understood in accordance with conventional convention in the viewing direction The mask layer 4 is located in the viewing direction, ie in front of the luminous layer 2. In the lower part of Figure 19a, the resulting visual impression is isolated: The form OK appears enlarged to a viewer and, depending on the viewing direction, there is an apparent movement of the shape OK in the vertical direction (indicated by the arrows).

Fig. 19b shows the geometrical arrangement of that shown in Fig. 19a

Luminous layer 2 and mask layer 4 in a security element 1. The two layers 2 and 4 are separated by a vertical distance h, the period p _{e of} the grid, according to which the first zones 21 1 and

Luminous elements 21 of the luminescent layer 2 are arranged, is typically in the range of 10 to 500 .mu.m, preferably at 50 to 300 .mu.m, for example p _e = 0.21 mm. The grid according to which the apertures ("images") 41 of the mask layer 4 are arranged has a period pi of 0.22 mm

Security element 1 then perceives enlarged images of the openings 41, which are tilted down in comparison to the original openings 41, with a size p _m of about 5 mm: 0.22mm · 0.2lmm

4,6mm

0.22mm - 0.21mm

Fig. 19b shows the openings 41 in black color around the geometric

Display of luminescent layer 2 and mask layer 4 to simplify. It is clear that in reality, in the preferred embodiment, the openings 41 are transparent and surrounded by opaque areas.

However, it is also possible that in the mask layer 4, the areas executed in black in FIG. 19b are opaque and the surrounding areas are transparent and form the openings 41.

If the luminous elements 21 of the luminous layer 2 are not active or provide no light, a viewer 3 does not perceive the images 41. Only when the luminescent layer 2 is activated and emits or provides light does the viewer 3 see the word "OK." This image is formed by the light rays leaving the luminescent elements 21 in the angular direction to the eye of the observer 3 and through the microimages 41. If the

Sicherheitsefement 1 is tilted from left to right, about an axis along the longitudinal axis of the lighting elements 21, are light rays with

different angles transmitted through the Mirkobilder 41 and the formed enlarged image seems to move, as indicated in Figure 19a below

Fig. 20 shows schematically optical effects of a moire magnification, which are already explained in connection with Figs. 19a and 19b

Security element 1 are possible. Fig. 20a shows a view of a

Security document 100, e.g. an ID card on which the

Stheitheitselement 1 is applied. In Fig. 20a, the luminescent layer is inactive, i. no light is emitted or provided. In this case, the

Information in the form of the openings of the mask layer in the

Security element 1 present, not visible, quasi "hidden"

Information is preferably in the form of microimages, which when illuminated by the luminescent layer can be enlarged due to the Moire Magnifier effect.

Figs. 20b to 20d show optical effects of the safety element 1 when the luminescent layer is active, i. Send out or provide light. In these cases, the information in the form of the openings of the mask layer in the

Security element present, visible.

Fig. 20c shows the optical effect of the security element when viewed perpendicularly the plane of the security element 1 from above. Fig. 20c shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the left, and Fig. 20d shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the right: as the viewing angle changes, the information appears to be moving each light rays with different exit angles are transmitted through the mask layer.

Furthermore, it is also possible for the security element to have an inverse construction with respect to the structure explained with reference to FIGS. 19 a and 19b. Thus, it is possible that the mask layer 4 forms the revealing layer and, for example, has a sequence of line-shaped openings in the mask layer 4, and the luminescent layer 2 forms the base layer. Thus, it is possible, for example, for the luminescent layer 2 to have a multiplicity of first zones in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light and which are each shaped in the form of a microimage. Thus, for example, it is possible for these first zones to be shaped in accordance with the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 according to FIG. 19a and surrounded by a second zone of the luminescent layer, in which the luminescent layer does not emit light or can not emit or provide light. Further, it is possible, for example, that the openings in the mask layer, the linear shape of the

19 and thus have the openings in the mask layer in accordance with the sequence of first zones 21 shown in FIG. 9a are formed and arranged, whereby the explained with reference to the figures Fig. 19a to Fig. 20d effect results in an analogous manner.

Figs. 21a and 21b show a security document 100 having a

Security element 1, which has such a structure: The

Sicherheitssetement 1 has a substrate 7, which is provided on its one side with the mask layer 4 and on the other side with a luminescent layer 2. The mask layer 4 in this case has a multiplicity of openings 41 which, as shown in FIG. 21a, have a linear or strip-shaped shape and are arranged in accordance with a periodic grid. Further, a luminescent layer 2 is provided, which has a plurality of first zones, in which the luminescent layer 2 can emit or provide light and are each formed in the form of a microimage. The first zones are also preferably arranged according to a periodic grid, for example, arranged according to a periodic one-dimensional grid. The periods of the grids preferably correspond to the relationships explained above with reference to FIGS. 19a and 19b.

The mask layer 4 is preferably formed in the AusführungsbeispieS of Fig. 21 a and Fig. 21 b of a Druckschächt, which is printed for example by intaglio printing, offset printing, gravure or screen printing.

If the security document 100 is formed, for example, by a banknote or an I D document, then this banknote is preferably designed such that the carrier substrate of the banknote or iD card

has transparent window, which on one side with the

Mask layer 4 is over jerked. On the back of this transparent window, the luminescent layer 2 is then applied, for example applied in the form of a lamination film or the transfer layer of a transfer film. In the case where the security document handles an ID card, the light-emitting elements are preferably arranged between two layers, the front of which is transparent. Above the light-emitting elements, a print which forms the mask layer is then preferably applied, preferably applied to the upper surface of the card body.

The security document 100 is preferably one

Polymer Banknote, which has a transparent plastic film, for example a BOPP film of a layer thickness between 70 and 150 μιη as the carrier substrate. This carrier substrate then preferably forms the substrate 7 of the security element 1. This carrier substrate is then printed on both sides in order to provide the corresponding design of the banknote. At this

Printing a window 101 is recessed, soft, for example, has the strip-shaped shape shown in Fig. 21a and extends over the entire width of the bill. On one side of the banknote 101, the mask layer 4, as shown in Fig. 21a, is then preferably printed

applied. On the opposite side of the security document 100, a film element, for example a laminating film or a transfer layer of a transfer film is then applied which provides the luminescent layer 2 in a region 102 of the security document 100 and, for example, provides a further security element in a further region 103, for example a Kinegram® provides. Preferably, in this case, the printing of the mask layer 4 before application of the luminescent layer 2, in order to damage the Leuchtschächt 2 by the printing process as possible

excluded. However, it is also possible, first the luminescent layer. 2

apply and only then the Maskenschächt 4 aufzudrucken.

21 e shows a further example of a security element 1, which is introduced into a window of a security document, in particular a banknote. Both the mask layer 4 ais and the luminescent layer 2 are as

Foil element, for example a laminating film or a transfer layer of a Transfer film, applied. Fig. 21 e shows this with reference to a schematic

Side view of a banknote with transparent core, i. transparent

Substrate 7, which may be optional, as shown in Fig. 21 e, provided with a printing layer 104, which may be formed for example by a RGB-intaglio printing. Visible light of an external light source, e.g. a white luminous ceiling lamp, illuminates the security element 1 of the

Back here. The light strikes the luminescent layer 2 - e.g. the protective layer of a Kinegram patch - and passes the light on to the intermediate layer 6 with the transparent openings in the form of moire information. The

Interlayer in this example is a metallized patch with demetallized areas that form the transparent openings. The light partially penetrates the intermediate layer 6, the transparent core of the substrate (in this case a polymer banknote) and the mask layer 4 through the transparent openings, producing the desired effect, for example moiré enlargements and / or movements.

Photos of the optical effect exhibiting incident or reflected light viewing of the security element 1 are shown in FIGS. 21f and 21g. FIG. 21f shows a photograph of the optical effect provided by the security element 1 in the reflected-light view. It is the optically variable

Seeing the appearance of a Kinegram® patch in reflection, which provides a first optical security feature 110. Fig. 21g shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed against a light background. Here, an optically variable effect in the form of a moire magnification of stars is visible, which provides a second optical security feature 120.

Further, it is advantageous to encode in the mask layer 4 still another piece of information. For example, as shown in FIG

Mask layer 4 only in a pattern-shaped area, here in the area of a portrait, provide and / or the width of the openings 41 of

Mask layer 4 and / or the width of the between the openings 41 of the Mask layer 4 arranged areas of the mask layer for generating a halftone image to vary, as is exemplified in Fig. 21 c.

Preferably, the mask layer is formed in the form of a line grid, wherein the period and shape of the lines is chosen, for example, such that it interacts with the microimages formed in the luminous layer to generate the effects described above and the line width or line thickness determines the gray value of the image. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 21d, it is also possible to design the mask layer 4 as multicolor printing. Fig. 21d shows a corresponding one

Embodiment of such a mask layer. The opaque areas of the

Mask layer 4 between the openings 41 here have an annular shape, wherein the coloration of the mask layer 4 along these lines in the color or hue varies, so as to generate the multi-color biid shown in Fig. 21 d. For example, as shown in Fig. 21d, a portion of these line-shaped or strip-shaped opaque areas are formed between the openings 41 in a first color or hue 43 and a second portion in a different second color or hue 44.

The luminescent layer 2 can, as already described above with regard to FIGS. 19a to 20d, have a multiplicity of separate luminescent elements whose emission region, ie the region in which the respective luminescent elements can emit or provide light, respectively forms one of the first zones, and Furthermore, it is also possible that the luminescent layer 2 has a mask layer which is not provided in the region of the first zones and is provided in the region of the second zone or the second zones. Thus, for example, it is possible that the luminescent layer 2 exhibits a metallic layer which is demetallized in the region of the first zones, ie is not provided there, and is provided in the region of the second zones, and thus causes the luminescent layer provided by the luminescent layer radiated light provided only in the first zones or sent out, but not provided or transmitted in the second zones. Furthermore, it is also possible that this mask layer forms the reflection layer for a security feature provided in the luminescent layer in reflection, for example a diffractive surface relief, and thus an additional, eg diffractive, security feature is provided by the luminescent layer.

As already stated above, it is possible here for a multiplicity of first zones to be shaped in the form of the microimages and arranged according to a grid, i. On providing or emitting light through the luminescent layer 2, the microimages appear bright against a dark background, but furthermore it is also possible for the luminescent layer to have a multiplicity of second zones, each of which is shaped in the form of a microimage and arranged according to the grid , In this case, the photomicrographs appear dark in front of a bright background in providing light through the luminescent layer.

In this case, it is also possible for the luminescent layer 2 to be designed such that it provides the light incident on the back of the security document in the area of the first zones, so that with appropriate backlighting, the above, for example, with reference to FIGS. 21 a to 21 the effect explained is generated by the additional structuring of the mask layer, for example the optical information generated according to FIGS. 21 a to 21 g and / or the optical information provided by the diffractive relief structure of the luminous layer 2 , embodiments in which the openings of the mask layer and the first or

second zones of the luminescent layer are arranged according to a periodic, one-dimensional grid. It is also possible that the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 and the first and second zones 211 and 212 of the Luminous layer 2 are arranged in accordance with a two-dimensional grid, or according to a geometrically transformed grid, for example, grid-shaped or radially symmetrical raster. Furthermore, it is also possible that these rasters are not periodic rasters and, for example, the raster width of one or both of these rasters varies in at least one spatial direction and / or the alignment between these rasters is varied. As a result, as already mentioned above, interesting optically variable effects can be generated. FIG. 22 shows a section of a security element which comprises a luminescent layer 2, a mask layer 4 with 2 arrangements 41, 42 of openings and one between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4

Intermediate layer 6 has transparent openings 61. The luminescent layer 2 is a full-surface non-pixellated transparent OVD or a full-area OLED, so that the intermediate layer 6 limits the light 20 emitted by the luminescent layer 2 to specific positions 61 that are matched to the mask layer 4. The openings 61 of the intermediate layer 6 form, as it were, a linear arrangement of emitters tuned to the mask layer 4, which in turn emit light 20 by forwarding the light 20 obtained from the luminous layer 2 in the direction of the mask layer 4. By

Adjustment of the vertical distances h between the mask layer 4 and the intermediate layer 6 and H between the intermediate layer δ and the

Luminous layer 2, the exit angle to the viewing positions A and B can be adjusted. Furthermore, the strength of the possible "cross talk" is determined.

Fig. 23 shows schematically an intermediate layer 6 between a

Mask layer 4 and a present as a pixel grid 21 luminescent layer 2 is arranged. In this context, the interlayer is useful for solving the problem of angular resolution and cross-talk with pixellated ones

Luminescent layers. The reason is that the vertical distance h between the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4 may be much smaller than the vertical distance H between the intermediate layer 6 and the luminescent layer 2. This is particularly useful when the luminescent layer 2 is covered by a thick layer, eg H = 0.7 mm, so that there is a large vertical distance between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4. Here it may also be useful when the transparent ones Openings 61 of the intermediate layer 6 have a matte material that the light emitted by the luminescent layer 2 in the

Intermediate layer 6 arrives, diffuses diffusely.

Fig. 24 shows a section through a security element 1, soft one

Luminous layer 2 and an overlying mask layer 4, wherein between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4, an intermediate layer 6 is arranged with an array of transparent openings 61. The

Mask layer 4 has an arrangement 41 of transparent openings and is realized by a pressure layer or metal layer. The mask layer 4 is applied to a substrate 7 which is e.g. consists of a plastic film, in the present example, the substrate 7 consists of a 23 pm thick PET film. On the opposite side of the substrate 7 is the

Luminous layer 2 arranged, e.g. trained as LEEC. The luminescent layer 2 has two electrode layers 22, 23, wherein the electrode layer 22 lying toward the mask layer 4 has openings 61 and thus simultaneously acts as an intermediate layer 6. The electrode layer 22 is formed as a patterned aluminum or gold electrode. The first and second

Electrode layer 22, 23 preferably has a layer thickness in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm. In this case, the electrode electrode layers 22, 23 may be opaque or at least locally transparent. To form the

Electrode layers 22, 23 have proven to be metals or metal alloys such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, copper or the like, conductive non-metallic inorganic materials such as indium-tin oxide (= ITO) and the like, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers such as PEDOT, PANI and the like ( PEDOT = poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene; PANI =

Polyaniiin). The formation of the electrode layers takes place in particular in the case of the formation of metallic or non-metallic inorganic electrode layers, preferably by vapor deposition or sputtering or, in particular, in the formation of polymer Electrode layers by common printing processes such as screen printing, high pressure, gravure or a doctor blade. But also the use of a transfer film for the use of electrode layers by embossing is possible. In the present example, in which the electrodes are formed of metal, their layer thickness is chosen so that no or very little light through the

Electrodes can pass through, except through the transparent openings 61. The big advantage of this embodiment is that the distance h between the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4 can be made very small. In addition, it is possible that the two electrode layers, in the

Areas where there are no transparent openings 61, i. where no light can escape anyway, with an electrical Isolatormateriai 24 forms, which electrically separates the two electrode layers 22, 23 from each other, e.g. by patterned pressure. As a result, unnecessary heating of the film due to light generation is avoided if the light can not leave the self-luminous luminescent layer 2 anyway. The lateral distance d between the edges of a hole in the upper electrode 22 and the edge of the closest insulating material 24 is in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 20 μm.

FIG. 25 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a security element which, in addition to a luminescent layer 2 and a mask layer 4, has an intermediate layer 6. Between the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4, the substrate 7 is arranged, which is a substrate that absorbs, for example, blue light, for example, a colored polyethylene film (PET film) with a thickness of 23 μιη. The luminescent layer 2 has two electrodes 22, 23, which are formed as ITO or semitransparent Al or Ag electrodes. Alternatively, a conductive polymer such as PEDOT: PSS material can be used (PSS = polystyrene sulfonate). The lower electrode 23 may also consist of a non-opaque AI or Ag cathode. In this example, the luminous layer 2 emits blue light which, due to the opaque electrode layer 23, emits only in the direction of the mask layer 4 can be. There it encounters the intermediate layer 6, which has printed fluorescent light elements 21, which virtually serve as transparent openings, since the substrate 7 for the light from the luminescent layer. 2

emitted blue light is impermeable. Only that of the

Fluorescent elements 61 emitted fluorescent light, which is green, can pass through the substrate 7 to the mask layer 4 and there leave the security element 1 via the transparent openings 41.

Figure 26 shows an embodiment of a security element 1 comprising from top to bottom a masking layer 4, a UV absorbing substrate, e.g. a PET film of a thickness of 23 μιη, a printed fluorescent

Luminous layer 2 and a UV-transmissive protective layer 9 has. The security element 1 is irradiated from the side of the protective layer 9 through a UV lamp. The UV light can pass through the protective layer 9 and reach the printed fluorescent luminous elements 21 of the luminous layer 2. There, the UV light is converted into green fluorescent light, which pass through the UV absorbing substrate 7 and to the openings 41 of

Mask layer 4 can get. In contrast, the pure UV light is absorbed by the substrate 7.

Figure 27a shows an example of a security element in which mask layer 4 and light 2 coincide in a single layer. A UV lamp 8 illuminates the security element and passes through a UV-transparent layer, for example a 2 mm thick protective layer 9 to the combined light and mask layer 2,4. This combined luminescent and mask layer 2,4 has through holes which are filled with a fluorescent material. The UV light of the UV lamp excites this material to fluoresce, so that the fluorescent substance is emitted from the holes in the respective angular direction of the hole. This Fluoreszenzücht can penetrate the light-transmissive substrate 7 unhindered and thus reach a viewer. FIG. 27 b shows a further example of a security element 1, which uses a luminescent, in particular fluorescent or phosphorescent layer as the luminescent layer 2. Here too, as in the example of FIG. 21e, both the mask layer 4 and the luminescent layer 2 can be used as

Film element, such as a laminating film or a transfer layer of a transfer film, be applied or an optional print layer 104 may be applied to the substrate 7. Fig. 27b shows this with reference to a schematic side view of a banknote with a transparent core, i. transparent

Substrate 7. Light, e.g. UV light, an external light source 25, e.g. a UV-LED with wavelength 365nm, illuminates the security element 1 from the visible side. The UV light partly penetrates the masks layer 4, the transparent core of the substrate 7 (here a polymer bank note) and an intermediate layer 6 and then stimulates the luminescent layer 2. The luminescent layer 2 then emits light in the visible spectral range, e.g. green light. This radiated light penetrates through the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4

transparent openings and thereby produces the desired effect, e.g. Moire enlargements and / or movements. An optional mirror layer 105 behind the luminescent layer 2 further increases the intensity of the light emitted in the direction of the visible side.

FIGS. 27c and 27d show photos of the security element 1

provided optical effects. FIG. 27c shows a photograph of the

Security elements 1 in incident light view. It is visible in reflection a Kinegram® patch showing an optically variable effect, which provides a first optical security feature. Fig. 27c shows a photograph of the optical effect provided by the security element 1 when viewed under illumination with UV light from the visible side. There is now visible an optically variable effect of a moire magnification of stars providing a second optical security feature 120. Fig. 28 illustrates a manufacturing method of a security element 1 arranged on a card core 10, eg, a card core of an ID card (ID identification). One of the difficulties in the realization of such Security element is the register accuracy between the different mask layers or between the mask layer and the luminescent layer. It is possible to use an ablation method, for example by means of a laser, in order to produce the mask layers in situ and thus avoid the register problem. Preferably, the card core is a PCI design, although the method also works with other types of cards (PCI = polycarbonate Iniay). FIG. 28 shows a first film 4 and a second film 22, which are arranged one above the other at a distance h on the card core 10. Below these two films, a luminescent layer 2 is arranged, which is thus located between the films and the card core. Preferably, one of the foils is the upper electrode 22, although this foiie is also at a different position over the

Luminescent layer 2 can be arranged. The upper foil 4 preferably provides another security element, e.g. in the form of a reflection hologram or a kinegram. This film 4 may either be on the upper surface of the card itself or in one of the upper layers of the card with a sufficient vertical distance to the lower film 22. One of the two films 4 and 22 is patterned or partially demetallised. The security document in the form of the PCI card is produced and finished until the last step of personalization. The card 100 is thus ready for the

Personalization step, which is carried out by means of a high-power laser 13. Experiments had shown that the energy needed to personalize such a PCi card 100 is greater than the energy needed to demetise a metallized kinegram or metallized film.

As shown in Fig. 28, the card 100 is held on a tilting device in a personalization station, so that the card can be tilted very precisely to various positions A to E. Alternatively, the card 100 is kept flat and the laser 13 is tilted. The usual text information and person portraits on an ID card are personalized with the laser 13 while the card is kept flat. As usual with ID cards, this can a local blackening in a laser-sensitive Fofie be generated by the laser beam.

For the preparation of the mask, a method already described by Jan van den Berg in "3-D Lenticutar Photo ID" (in Optica! Document Security I, Conference Proceedings, Editor Rudolf L. van Renesse, San Francisco, 23-25.01 The laser 13 scans the card 100 and uses high energy to ablate material in the top layer 4 to create the information The card 100 has between 2 and 7 tilt angles, for which The laser 13 carries out a different pattern for each position A to E. The great advantage of this method is that the upper mask layer 4 and the lower intermediate layer 6 are written simultaneously, so that there is a perfect register accuracy between the two The laser is positioned relatively far away from the map, so that the eyes of the observer reflect the desired viewing direction.

FIG. 29 shows the card 100, which has been completely personalized after the fabrication step, with one having the arrangements 41 of openings in the mask layer 4 and the arrangement 61 of openings in the intermediate layer 6, which is simultaneously the upper electrode layer 22 of the luminous layer 2. This method can be used to generate 3D photo IDs with image flip, etc. that can only be seen when the Luminous Layer 2 is active. It is important to note that personalization and customization can be realized just as easily as any other image, as this is only a matter of software control.

Fig. 30 shows a transfer film 200. It has been proven that when

Film body formed security element 1 is provided in the form of a transfer film 200, so that an application of the security element 1 can be done on a security document 100 by means of embossing. Such a transfer film 200 has at least one film body 1 to be transferred, wherein the at least one film body 1 is arranged on a carrier film 201 of the transfer film 200 and can be detached therefrom.

The transfer film 200 has the following structure from top to bottom: a carrier film 201, an outer protective layer 9, which is preferably formed as a transparent protective lacquer layer and whose upper side forms the visible side 11 of the security element 1, a mask layer 4, e.g. in the form of an OVD, a substrate 7, e.g. 0.2 mm thick, a luminescent layer 2, a lower protective layer 9, and an adhesive layer 14, the underside of which underside 11 of

Sicherheitseiements 1 forms. The transfer film 200 is oriented relative to a security document 100 to be marked such that the adhesive layer 14 faces the security document 100 and the carrier film 201 of the

Security document 100 points away. The film body 1 can by means of

Adhesive layer 14, in particular in the form of a cold or hot adhesive, are fixed to the security document 100. Between the carrier film 201 and the Foiienkörper 1, a release layer may be arranged in addition, which facilitates a Abiösen of the film body 1 after embossing of the carrier film 201 of the transfer film 20. However, this release function can also be taken over by another layer, e.g. as in the present example of the upper protective layer. 9

Fig. 31 shows a scheme for viewing distance z. A viewer whose eye pair 31, 3r has an eye relief e, viewed vertically from above a security element 1, which has a mask layer 4 with two arrangements 41, 42 of transparent openings and one in the viewing direction at a distance h behind the mask layer 4 arranged luminescent layer 2, formed of individual luminous elements 21 in the form of pixels. The luminous elements 21 are arranged in a grid with a period p {= "pitch")

Luminous element 21 is associated with an opening of each array 41, 42 of openings, wherein the viewer, depending on the light emission through one of the two

Apertures 41 and 42 perceive different images ("image flip") The eyes 31, 3r are located at a viewing distance z from the mask layer 4. The relationship between the distance h between the mask layer 4 and the luminescent layer 2, the viewing distance z, the pixel pitch p and the eye distance e is described by the following formula: h = z ^» (p / (e + p))

If one sets p = 0.1 mm for the pixel spacing and e = 65 mm for the eye relief, one obtains at a typical viewing distance of iD documents of z = 200 mm for the distance h from luminescent layer 2 to mask layer 4 h = 300 μm , This can be realized for ID documents. Smaller pixels with correspondingly smaller periods p allow even smaller values for h.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 security element

2 luminescent layer

3 observers

3! left eye

Right eye

4 mask layer

5 opaque area of 4

6 interlayer

7 substrate

8 UV lamp

9 protective layer

10 card core

11 visible side

12 bottom

13 lasers

14 adhesive layer

20 lights

21 light elements

22, 23 electrode

24 insulation material

25 light source

30 reflection hologram

31 field of view

41, 42 arrangement of openings in FIG. 4

41 1, 412 relief structure

43, 44 color

61 Arrangement of openings in FIG. 6

100 security document

101 windows

102, 103 area 104 printing layer

105 mirror layer

110, 120 optical security feature

200 transferfoi

201 carrier film

211 first zone

212 second zone

A, B, C, D, E viewing position

Left picture

Br right picture

d lateral distance (distance) e eye relief

h vertical distance (height)

01, 02 Object

P lateral distance (pitch)

Pe first period (e - emitter)

Pi second period {i = image)

R, G, B red, green, blue

s lateral distance (spacing) z viewing distance θι, θ ₂ exit angle

Claims

claims

Safety element (1),

wherein the security element (1) has a visible side and one of these

The security element has at least one luminescent layer (2), which can provide light (20), and at least one mask layer (4), which, when viewed from the visible side, faces the at least one luminescent layer (2 ),

wherein the at least one mask layer (4) has at least one opaque region (5) and at least two transparent openings (41, 42), and

wherein the at least two transparent openings (41, 42) have a significantly higher transmittance than the at least one opaque area (5) with respect to light (20) provided by the at least one luminescent layer (2), preferably at least 20% higher transmittance , more preferably at least 50% higher transmittance,

Security element (1) according to claim 1,

characterized,

that a light pattern, which the mask layer (4) due to their different transmission of the at least one

Luminous layer (2) provided light when viewing the

Security element (1) from the visible side, provides a first optical security feature of the security element. Security element (1) according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized,

that the at least one opaque region (5) of the at least one

Mask layer (4), which is preferably formed as an OVD and / or a print layer, wherein the at least two transparent openings (41, 42) is preferably formed as metailfreier area of the OVD or as an unprinted area in the print layer, when viewing the Sicherheitseiements (1) provides a second optical security feature of the security element (1) from the visible side.

Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

that light (20), which the security element (1) by the

Mask layer (2) at different exit angles (θι, θ ₂ ) leaves, each providing different optical information.

Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that at least one mask layer (4) has two or more transparent openings (41, 42) which are arranged according to a second grid, and that the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more first zones (211) in which the luminescent layer (2) can provide light and which are preferably each enclosed by a second zone (212) or separated from each other, in which the

Luminous layer (2) can not provide light, or the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more second zones (212) in which the luminescent layer (2) can not provide light and which preferably each of a first zone (211) enclosed or separated from each other, in which the luminescent layer (2) can provide light, wherein the first zones (211) or the second zones (212) are arranged according to a first grid.

Safety element (1) according to claim 5,

characterized,

that the two or more transparent openings (41, 42) of the second grid are each formed in the form of a microimage, in particular in the form of a motif, a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more letters and / or a microtext are formed.

Security element (1) according to claim 6,

characterized,

in that the two or more first zones (211) or the two or more second zones (212) are formed in the form of a sequence of stripes or pixels when viewed perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or the back side of the security element.

Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7,

characterized,

the two or more first zones (211) or the two or more second zones (212) are each formed in the form of a microimage when viewed perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or the rear side of the security element, in particular in the form of a motif, a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more letters and / or a microtext are formed.

Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 8,

characterized,

in that the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more separate luminous elements (21) which each have a radiation area in which the respective luminous element can provide light, and which respectively forms one of the first zones.

10. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 9,

characterized,

the luminescent layer (2) has a mask layer which is not provided in the region of the first zone (211) or the first zones (211) and is provided in the region of the second zone (212) or the second zones (212).

11. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 10,

characterized,

in that the transparent apertures (41, 42) of the second grid or the two or more first zones (211) or the two or more second zones (212) of the first grid each have a strip-like shape and the width of the strip-shaped openings or

strip-shaped first or second zones for generating a

Halftone is varied.

12. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 11,

characterized,

that the transparent openings (41, 42) or the two or more first or second zones (211, 212) are formed in the form of identical microimages, or that two or more of the microimages according to which the transparent openings (41, 42 ) or the first or second zones (411, 412) are formed, differ from each other. 13. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 12,

characterized,

in that the first raster is a one- or two-dimensional raster and the second raster is a one- or two-dimensional raster, and that the raster width of the first raster and the raster width of the second raster are smaller than 300 μm in at least one spatial direction, in particular smaller than

80 mm are.

14. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 13,

characterized,

the two or more first zones (211) or two or more second zones (212) of the first grid and the transparent openings (41, 42) of the second grid at least partially overlap

View perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element,

15. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 14,

characterized,

that the raster widths of the first raster and the second raster respectively for adjacent first zones (211) and transparent openings (41, 42) or second zones (212) and transparent openings (41, 42) are not equal and less than 10% differ from each other, in particular not to differ more than 2% from each other.

16. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 15,

characterized,

that the first grid and the second grid are arranged rotated against each other between 0.5 and 25 degrees, and preferably the

The raster width of the first raster and the raster width of the second raster for adjacent first zones (211) and transparent openings (41, 42) or second zones (2 2) and transparent openings (41, 42) differ from each other by less than 10%, in particular do not differ by more than 2%.

17. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 16,

characterized,

the first raster is a periodic raster having a first period as raster width and / or the second raster is a periodic raster having a second period as raster width. Safety element according to one of claims 5 to 17,

characterized,

that the raster width of the first and / or second raster and / or the rotation of the first and the second raster against each other and / or the shaping of the microimages continuously in accordance with

Parameter variation function are varied in at least one spatial direction.

Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 17,

characterized,

that the raster width of the first and / or second raster and / or the rotation of the first and the second raster relative to one another and / or the shaping of the microimages in a first region of the

Security elements of the raster of the first and second grid, the rotation of the first and the second grid against each other or the shaping of the micro images in a second region of the

Security element distinguishes.

Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more separate ones

Having luminous elements (21) arranged in a first periodic raster having a first period (p _e ) and the at least one mask layer (4) having two or more transparent openings (41, 42) in a second periodic raster a second period (p,) are arranged, wherein the first and second periods (p _e , p are not the same but similar, wherein the first and second periods, in particular not more than 10% differ from each other, preferably not more than 2% from each other differ.

Security element according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that the mask layer at a distance h above the luminescent layer is arranged, when viewed perpendicular to the plane defined by the visible side or back of Sicherheitεiement plane, wherein the distance h is chosen in particular between 2 μητι and 500 μηη, more preferably between 10 μιη and 100 μηι.

Security element according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the luminescent layer has one or more first zones into which the luminescent layer can provide light, one or more of the first zones having at least one lateral dimension of less than 300 μm, more preferably of less than 100 μm.

Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the at least one mask layer (4) has at least two arrangements

(41, 2) has transparent openings, wherein light (20) provided by the at least one luminescent layer ( ₂ ) leaves the security element (1) through the at least two arrangements (41, 42) under respectively different exit angles (θι, 6 ₂ ).

24. Security element (1) according to claim 23,

characterized,

that the light leaving the security element (1) through the at least two arrangements (41, 42) at respectively different exit angles (θι, θ ₂ ) forms a picture sequence consisting of two or more pictures, each of these pictures being different

Exit angle (θι, θ ₂ ) is present.

25. Security element (1) according to one of claims 23 and 24,

characterized,

in that the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more separate luminescent elements (21) arranged in pattern form and the transparent ones Openings of the at least two arrangements (41, 42) are adapted to this pattern, wherein a luminous element (21) is assigned in each case at least one opening, through which of the

Luminous element (21) provided light (20) the security element (1) each at an associated exit angle (θι, θ ₂ ) leaves.

26. Sicherhettseiement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the at least one luminescent layer (2) and the at least one luminescent layer (2)

Mask layer (4) are arranged parallel to each other.

27. Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that at least partially between the at least one luminescent layer (2) and the at least one mask layer (4) at least one opaque

Intermediate layer (6) is arranged, which has at least one arrangement (61) of iichtdurchiässig openings.

28. Security element (1) according to claim 27,

characterized,

in that light-scattering or luminescent elements are arranged in the translucent openings of the intermediate layer (6), which scatter light incident from the luminous layer (2) in the direction of the mask layer (4) or emit it again under luminescence.

29. Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more separate luminous elements (21), wherein these luminous elements (21) and the at least one transparent opening (41, 42) of the mask layer, viewed perpendicular to the plane of the foil body, have a rectangular shape.

30. Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

in that the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more separate luminescent elements (21), with a spacing of adjacent ones

Luminous elements (21) is about 5 times larger, preferably about 10 times larger than a width of the light-emitting elements (21).

31. Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the at least one luminescent layer (2) has two or more luminous elements (21) which emit light in at least two different ones

Colors providing. 32. Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

the at least one luminescent layer (2) is a luminescent one

Indicator element which can be excited by another light source to shine.

33. Security element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 31,

characterized,

in that the luminescent layer which can provide light (20) is a layer which conducts light incident on the back to the mask layer.

34. Safety element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the security element is in the form of a flexible multilayer film body, in particular for identifying and increasing the security against forgery of a security document (100), in particular a banknote, a security or a security document

Paper document or an identification document, in particular one Passport or an ID or credit card, or a commercial product to increase the anti-counterfeiting security and / or the authentication and / or traceability (track and trace) of the commercial product.

A security element according to any one of claims 1 to 33,

characterized,

the security element is a security document, in particular a banknote, a security, a (D document or a credit card.

Security document (100), in particular a bank note, a security or a paper document, having at least one security element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the security element (1) can be viewed from its visible side (11). 37. Security document (100) according to claim 36,

characterized,

the security document (100) has a maximum thickness of 200 μm. 38. Security document (100) according to claim 36 or 37,

characterized,

that the at least one security element (1) on the

Security document (100) is arranged or embedded in this. 39. A method for producing a security element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 35, comprising the following steps:

Providing a flexible multilayer film body having at least one luminescent layer (2) which can provide light (20) and at least one mask layer (4) which, when viewed from the safety side (1), faces the at least one luminescent layer

Luminescent layer (2) is arranged; and Forming at least two transparent openings (41, 42) in the at least one mask layer (4), so that the at least one

Mask layer (4) at least one opaque region (5) and at least two transparent openings (41, 42), wherein the at least two transparent openings (4, 42) has a substantially higher

Transmittance as the at least one opaque region (5) with respect to at least one light emitting layer (2) provided light (20), preferably at least 20% higher

Transmittance.

40. Transfer film (200) with at least one security element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the at least one security element (1) is arranged on a carrier film (201) of the transfer film (200) and can be detached therefrom.