EP2769952B1 - Safety device for elevators and elevator comprising said device - Google Patents
Safety device for elevators and elevator comprising said device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2769952B1 EP2769952B1 EP14382066.0A EP14382066A EP2769952B1 EP 2769952 B1 EP2769952 B1 EP 2769952B1 EP 14382066 A EP14382066 A EP 14382066A EP 2769952 B1 EP2769952 B1 EP 2769952B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching element
- safety device
- elevator
- counterweight
- car
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/021—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions the abnormal operating conditions being independent of the system
- B66B5/022—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions the abnormal operating conditions being independent of the system where the abnormal operating condition is caused by a natural event, e.g. earthquake
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
- B66B5/282—Structure thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
- B66B5/284—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips mounted on cars or counterweights
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety device for elevators which allows performing safety gear and pit buffer functions.
- the present invention also relates to an elevator comprising said device.
- An elevator installation has at least one car and generally one counterweight which are arranged such that they can travel in a guided manner in guide rails essentially in a vertical direction.
- the car and counterweight are connected through suspension and traction means (cables).
- the car and, when needed, the counterweight as well are protected by means of safety elements.
- Two of the main safety elements are the safety gear, which prevents the free fall or uncontrolled movement of the car or of the counterweight such that it stops and immobilizes the car or the counterweight on its guides, and pit buffers which act if the car or the counterweight exceed specific course of travel limits.
- the safety gear also known as wedging
- wedging is responsible for stopping the car by means of the frictional force it exerts when acting on the guides of the car or the counterweight, and it must be capable of stopping the counterweight and/or the fully loaded car and keeping it stopped on the guides.
- elevators must be equipped with pit buffers limiting the travel at the ends of the course of travel of the car or counterweight, thereby forming a final emergency device.
- the function of these pit buffers is to stop both the car and the counterweight when needed.
- Pit buffers are designed such that the buffer is capable of converting the kinetic energy of the car or of the counterweight at the time of impact into heat and potential energy due to deformation.
- Pit buffers are usually located in the pit below the car and the counterweight as a safety element. They can also be arranged in the bottom part of the car and/or counterweight, although such solution is less common.
- document EP 2 020 395 B1 describes the use of a variable braking force
- document ES 1 072 741 describes the use of a fixed element in the shaft to activate the safety gear at a point of the course of travel.
- neither of these documents describes a device which allows performing the dual safety gear and pit buffer function.
- CN101979298 discloses an elevator safety stop trigger device.
- the device comprises a support, a first swing arm shaft, a second swing arm shaft, a first swing arm, a second swing arm and a transmission mechanism, wherein the first swing arm and the second swing arm are hinged with pulling rods of a first safety tong and a second safety tong; the device also comprises an ascending trigger block and/or a descending trigger block and an ascending trigger rod and/or descending trigger rod, wherein the ascending trigger block and/or the descending trigger block are/is fixed on the inner wall of a shaft way or a guide rail.
- the safety device for elevators of the present invention comprises braking means of the elevator car or counterweight located in the car or in the counterweight and acting on guides of the elevator, and said braking means comprise a switching element that can be arranged in at least:
- said braking means exert more force in said second position of the switching element.
- Said switching element travels to its second position preferably by means of an operating element envisaged in an area of the elevator shaft around the pit as the elevator car or counterweight approaches the ends of the course of travel.
- said operating element is a flange, although it must be indicated that it could be any suitable operating element.
- Said switching element is preferably associated with a swiveling element swiveling about an axis of rotation, such that in said second position, said switching element causes an additional travel of said swiveling element, said braking means exerting more force.
- said swiveling element advantageously comprises an elastic element for pressing the swiveling element against said switching element
- said switching element advantageously comprises an elastic element for pressing the switching element towards its first position
- said switching element comprises a rotating end and a free end, wherein said rotating end of the switching element comprises a flat portion and a curved portion, said flat portion being in contact with a contact area associating said swiveling element and the switching element in the first position of said switching element, and said curved portion being in contact with said contact area in the second position of the switching element, causing the additional travel of said swiveling element.
- Said free end of the switching element preferably comprises a disc which contacts the operating element of the elevator shaft in the second position of said switching element.
- said swiveling element is a wedge provided with a ramp
- said braking means comprise a roller which in the braking position pushes the guide of the elevator against a braking element provided with elastic elements to cause the braking of the elevator car or counterweight.
- said roller slides along said ramp, causing said pushing against the guide of the elevator upon reaching a stop arranged at one of the ends of said ramp.
- the present invention also relates to an elevator comprising the safety device as described above.
- the safety device for elevators of the present invention comprises braking means of the elevator car or counterweight comprising a switching element 1 that can be arranged in at least two positions:
- the device of the present invention also comprises a swiveling element 3, for example a wedge, which is associated with said switching element 1 through a contact area 6, as will be described below, and which can also be arranged in said first and second positions.
- a swiveling element 3 for example a wedge, which is associated with said switching element 1 through a contact area 6, as will be described below, and which can also be arranged in said first and second positions.
- Said swiveling element 3 swivels about an axis of rotation 13, such that in said second position, said switching element exerts greater pressure against said swiveling element, and comprises a ramp 7 provided with a stop 12 in the top part.
- a roller 8 can slide along said ramp 7 depending on the speed of the elevator car and counterweight.
- said switching element 1 and said swiveling element 3 comprise respective elastic elements 4, 5 pressing said elements into their first positions in which the braking means can function as a safety gear.
- Said switching element 1 comprises a rotating end 1 a and a free end 1 b, and said rotating end 1 a has a flat area which is in contact with said contact area 6 in the first position of the switching element 1, and one of the edges defined by said flat area is in contact with said contact area 6 in the second position of the switching element 1, pressing against the swiveling element 3.
- said free end 1b of the switching element 1 comprises a disc 14 which, in the second position of said switching element 1, contacts an operating element 2, for example a flange, located in an area of the elevator shaft around the pit as the elevator car approaches the pit.
- an operating element 2 for example a flange
- the safety device for elevators of the present invention also comprises a braking element 10 or shoe associated with elastic elements 11, the braking element 10 acting on the guide 9 of the elevator.
- roller 8 has been depicted in the drawings in its two positions, i.e., the device of the present invention does not comprise two rollers but only one, which can be arranged in the depicted positions, as indicated in the present description.
- the disc 14 at the free end 1 b of the switching element 1 contacts said flange and causes the switching element 1 to go into the second position, depicted in Figure 2 , in which the braking means function as a pit buffer.
- This swiveling varies the angle of said ramp 7, such that the stroke of the roller along the axis perpendicular to the guide 9 is increased. Compression of the elastic elements 11 and accordingly the braking force increase.
- the safety gear and pit buffer functions are thus achieved by means of the same safety device for elevators.
Description
- The present invention relates to a safety device for elevators which allows performing safety gear and pit buffer functions.
- The present invention also relates to an elevator comprising said device.
- An elevator installation has at least one car and generally one counterweight which are arranged such that they can travel in a guided manner in guide rails essentially in a vertical direction. The car and counterweight are connected through suspension and traction means (cables). The car and, when needed, the counterweight as well are protected by means of safety elements.
- Two of the main safety elements are the safety gear, which prevents the free fall or uncontrolled movement of the car or of the counterweight such that it stops and immobilizes the car or the counterweight on its guides, and pit buffers which act if the car or the counterweight exceed specific course of travel limits.
- The safety gear (also known as wedging) is responsible for stopping the car by means of the frictional force it exerts when acting on the guides of the car or the counterweight, and it must be capable of stopping the counterweight and/or the fully loaded car and keeping it stopped on the guides.
- Furthermore, elevators must be equipped with pit buffers limiting the travel at the ends of the course of travel of the car or counterweight, thereby forming a final emergency device. The function of these pit buffers is to stop both the car and the counterweight when needed.
- Pit buffers are designed such that the buffer is capable of converting the kinetic energy of the car or of the counterweight at the time of impact into heat and potential energy due to deformation.
- Pit buffers are usually located in the pit below the car and the counterweight as a safety element. They can also be arranged in the bottom part of the car and/or counterweight, although such solution is less common.
- The requirements in the case of safety gear are more repetitive and less intense than those produced in the event of an impact against the pit buffer. High accelerations produced during the impact of the pit buffer make it necessary to oversize the structure of the car and/or counterweight and the area of impact.
- The proprietor of this application has designed different safety devices for elevators. In this sense,
document EP 2 020 395 B1 describes the use of a variable braking force, anddocument ES 1 072 741 -
CN101979298 discloses an elevator safety stop trigger device. The device comprises a support, a first swing arm shaft, a second swing arm shaft, a first swing arm, a second swing arm and a transmission mechanism, wherein the first swing arm and the second swing arm are hinged with pulling rods of a first safety tong and a second safety tong; the device also comprises an ascending trigger block and/or a descending trigger block and an ascending trigger rod and/or descending trigger rod, wherein the ascending trigger block and/or the descending trigger block are/is fixed on the inner wall of a shaft way or a guide rail. - It must be indicated that when the terms "safety gear" and "pit buffer" are used in the present description and in the attached claims, they must be interpreted as follows:
- Safety gear: Device to prevent the free fall or the uncontrolled movement of the car or of the counterweight.
- Pit buffer: Device for absorbing the energy of the elevator if a malfunction causes the car (or the counterweight) to surpass the end stop positions.
- The aforementioned drawbacks are solved with the safety device for elevators and with the elevator of the invention, having other advantages that will be described below.
- The safety device for elevators of the present invention comprises braking means of the elevator car or counterweight located in the car or in the counterweight and acting on guides of the elevator,
and said braking means comprise a switching element that can be arranged in at least: - a first position in which said braking means can function as a safety gear to prevent the free fall or the uncontrolled movement of the car or of the counterweight; and
- a second position in which said braking means function as a pit buffer to absorb the energy of the car or of the counterweight if a malfunction causes the car or the counterweight to surpass end stop positions, or as a pit buffer and as a safety gear.
- Advantageously, said braking means exert more force in said second position of the switching element.
- Said switching element travels to its second position preferably by means of an operating element envisaged in an area of the elevator shaft around the pit as the elevator car or counterweight approaches the ends of the course of travel.
- According to a preferred embodiment, said operating element is a flange, although it must be indicated that it could be any suitable operating element.
- Said switching element is preferably associated with a swiveling element swiveling about an axis of rotation, such that in said second position, said switching element causes an additional travel of said swiveling element, said braking means exerting more force.
- Furthermore, said swiveling element advantageously comprises an elastic element for pressing the swiveling element against said switching element, and said switching element advantageously comprises an elastic element for pressing the switching element towards its first position.
- According to a preferred embodiment, said switching element comprises a rotating end and a free end, wherein said rotating end of the switching element comprises a flat portion and a curved portion, said flat portion being in contact with a contact area associating said swiveling element and the switching element in the first position of said switching element, and said curved portion being in contact with said contact area in the second position of the switching element, causing the additional travel of said swiveling element.
- Said free end of the switching element preferably comprises a disc which contacts the operating element of the elevator shaft in the second position of said switching element.
- According to a preferred embodiment, said swiveling element is a wedge provided with a ramp, and said braking means comprise a roller which in the braking position pushes the guide of the elevator against a braking element provided with elastic elements to cause the braking of the elevator car or counterweight.
- Advantageously, said roller slides along said ramp, causing said pushing against the guide of the elevator upon reaching a stop arranged at one of the ends of said ramp.
- The following advantages are achieved with the safety device for elevators of the present invention:
- Possibility of performing safety gear and pit buffer functions with the device of the present invention, which allows eliminating conventional pit buffers;
- Reducing acceleration peaks upon impact against the pit buffer, which allows reducing the accelerations that passengers feel and reducing the thicknesses and sizes of the sections used for building the body of the elevator car, which results in a cost reduction and an improvement in assembly ergonomics;
- Reducing costs because there are no pit buffers;
- Leaving more available surface and requiring less height in the pit.
- Furthermore, the present invention also relates to an elevator comprising the safety device as described above.
- To better understand the preceding description, drawings in which a practical embodiment is schematically depicted only by way of non-limiting example are attached.
-
Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of the safety device for elevators of the present invention, in the position in which the braking means function as a safety gear; and -
Figure 2 is a schematic elevational view of the safety device for elevators of the present invention, in the position in which the braking means function as a pit buffer. - The safety device for elevators of the present invention comprises braking means of the elevator car or counterweight comprising a
switching element 1 that can be arranged in at least two positions: - a first position in which said braking means can function as a safety gear, depicted in
Figure 1 ; and - a second position in which said braking means also function as a pit buffer, depicted in
Figure 2 . - The device of the present invention also comprises a
swiveling element 3, for example a wedge, which is associated with said switchingelement 1 through acontact area 6, as will be described below, and which can also be arranged in said first and second positions. - Said swiveling
element 3 swivels about an axis ofrotation 13, such that in said second position, said switching element exerts greater pressure against said swiveling element, and comprises aramp 7 provided with astop 12 in the top part. Aroller 8 can slide along saidramp 7 depending on the speed of the elevator car and counterweight. - Furthermore, said switching
element 1 and saidswiveling element 3 comprise respectiveelastic elements - Said switching
element 1 comprises a rotating end 1 a and afree end 1 b, and said rotating end 1 a has a flat area which is in contact with saidcontact area 6 in the first position of theswitching element 1, and one of the edges defined by said flat area is in contact with saidcontact area 6 in the second position of theswitching element 1, pressing against theswiveling element 3. - In turn, said
free end 1b of theswitching element 1 comprises adisc 14 which, in the second position of saidswitching element 1, contacts anoperating element 2, for example a flange, located in an area of the elevator shaft around the pit as the elevator car approaches the pit. - The safety device for elevators of the present invention also comprises a
braking element 10 or shoe associated withelastic elements 11, thebraking element 10 acting on theguide 9 of the elevator. - When the safety device is in the position depicted in
Figure 1 , with theroller 8 placed in its highest position in contact with thestop 12, said roller pushes theguide 9 towards theelastic elements 11, producing a known deformation therein. In this manner there is a known normal force in thebraking element 10, and the braking force that is exerted by chip removal is therefore known. - It must be indicated that for the sake of clarity the
roller 8 has been depicted in the drawings in its two positions, i.e., the device of the present invention does not comprise two rollers but only one, which can be arranged in the depicted positions, as indicated in the present description. - When the elevator car approaches the area of the elevator shaft where said
operating element 2 is located, thedisc 14 at thefree end 1 b of theswitching element 1 contacts said flange and causes theswitching element 1 to go into the second position, depicted inFigure 2 , in which the braking means function as a pit buffer. - When the
switching element 1 rotates into its second position against the action of theelastic element 4, one of the edges of the flat area of the rotating end 1 a pushes against thecontact area 6 of theswiveling element 3, causing it to swivel into its second position against the action of theelastic element 5. - This swiveling varies the angle of said
ramp 7, such that the stroke of the roller along the axis perpendicular to theguide 9 is increased. Compression of theelastic elements 11 and accordingly the braking force increase. - The safety gear and pit buffer functions are thus achieved by means of the same safety device for elevators.
- Despite having made reference to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the safety device for elevators and the elevator described can be the subject of a number of variations and modifications, and that all the mentioned details can be replaced with others that are technically equivalent, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the attached claims.
Claims (12)
- Safety device for elevators, comprising braking means of the elevator car or counterweight located in the car or in the counterweight and acting on guides (9) of the elevator,
said braking means comprising a switching element (1) that can be arranged in at least:- a first position in which said braking means can function as a safety gear to prevent the free fall or the uncontrolled movement of the car or of the counterweight; and- a second position in which said braking means function as a pit buffer to absorb the energy of the car or of the counterweight if a malfunction causes the car or the counterweight to surpass end stop positions, or as a pit buffer and as a safety gear,characterized in that said braking means exert more force in said second position of the switching element (1). - Safety device according to claim 1, wherein said switching element (1) travels to its second position by means of an operating element (2) envisaged in an area of the elevator shaft around the pit as the elevator car or counterweight approaches the ends of the course of travel.
- Safety device according to claim 2, wherein said operating element (2) is a flange.
- Safety device according to claim 1, wherein said switching element (1) is associated with a swiveling element (3) swiveling about an axis of rotation (13), such that in said second position, said switching element (1) causes an additional travel of said swiveling element (3), said braking means exerting more force.
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 4, wherein said swiveling element (3) comprises an elastic element (5) for pressing the swiveling element (3) against said switching element (1).
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 1, wherein said switching element (1) comprises an elastic element (4) for pressing the switching element (1) towards its first position.
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 4, wherein said switching element (1) comprises a rotating end (1a) and a free end (1 b), wherein said rotating end (1a) of the switching element (1) comprises a flat portion and a curved portion, said flat portion being in contact with a contact area (6) associating said swiveling element (3) and the switching element (1) in the first position of said switching element (1), and said curved portion being in contact with said contact area (6) in the second position of said switching element (1), causing the additional travel of said swiveling element (3).
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 7, wherein said free end (1 b) of the switching element (1) comprises a disc (14) which contacts the operating element (2) of the elevator shaft in the second position of said switching element (1).
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 4, wherein said swiveling element (3) is a wedge provided with a ramp (7).
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 1, wherein said braking means comprise a roller (8) which in the braking position pushes the guide (9) of the elevator against a braking element (10) provided with elastic elements (11) to cause the braking of the elevator car or counterweight.
- Safety device for elevators according to claim 10, wherein said roller (8) slides along said ramp (7), causing said pushing against the guide (9) of the elevator upon reaching a stop (12) arranged at one of the ends of said ramp (7).
- Elevator, characterized in that it comprises a safety device according to any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201330259A ES2489968B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | Safety device for elevators and elevator comprising said device |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2769952A2 EP2769952A2 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
EP2769952A3 EP2769952A3 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2769952B1 true EP2769952B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
Family
ID=50241351
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14382066.0A Active EP2769952B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-26 | Safety device for elevators and elevator comprising said device |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2769952B1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2489968B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180118513A1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2018-05-03 | Otis Elevator Company | Monitoring system for elevator system to ensure predetermined elevator shaft clearance |
CN104944247B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-05-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Novel safety device for elevator falling |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB377059A (en) * | 1930-11-26 | 1932-07-21 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to safety devices for elevators |
DE2604157A1 (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-08-11 | Aufzugswerk Gall & Heckelmann | Brake catch device for lift cars - has guide wedge and brake wedge which act with catch roller to stop car |
AT374767B (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1984-05-25 | Otis Elevator Co | BRAKE DEVICE FOR ELEVATORS |
JPS62205983A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-09-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Emergency stop device for elevator |
FI103962B1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-10-29 | Kone Corp | catching device |
ES2343608B1 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2011-06-16 | Orona, S.Coop | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR ACTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATION IN LIFTING DEVICES. |
JP2011256016A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Elevator device |
ES1072741Y (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-12-28 | Orona S Coop | SAFETY DEVICE FOR LIFTING DEVICES |
CN101979298B (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2013-03-13 | 日立电梯(中国)有限公司 | Elevator safety stop trigger device |
-
2013
- 2013-02-26 ES ES201330259A patent/ES2489968B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-02-26 EP EP14382066.0A patent/EP2769952B1/en active Active
- 2014-02-26 ES ES14382066.0T patent/ES2631190T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2631190T3 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
ES2489968B1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
EP2769952A3 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2769952A2 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
ES2489968R1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
ES2489968A2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
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