EP2765252A1 - Baublock für die Verwendung zum Bau eines Gebäudes - Google Patents

Baublock für die Verwendung zum Bau eines Gebäudes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765252A1
EP2765252A1 EP13162750.7A EP13162750A EP2765252A1 EP 2765252 A1 EP2765252 A1 EP 2765252A1 EP 13162750 A EP13162750 A EP 13162750A EP 2765252 A1 EP2765252 A1 EP 2765252A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
block
building
building block
header
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13162750.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohammed Binhussain
Abdulaziz A. Kurdi
Mohammed Abdullah Muhawes
Bader Saad Alnasban
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullaj
Mohammad Tamizi Selimin
Bader Z. Juwayr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST
Original Assignee
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST filed Critical King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST
Publication of EP2765252A1 publication Critical patent/EP2765252A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/397—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra serving for locating conduits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. stepped

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to a building block for use in construction. More specifically, the invention relates to a building block for use in interlocking with similar blocks for constructing a building.
  • Building blocks are widely used in the building and construction industry.
  • the building blocks are mainly used as load-bearing and non-load bearing materials, wherein they are laid on stack or running bond using cementitious materials. This is due to properties of the building blocks such as, but not limited to, high strength, toughness, stability and high chemical durability.
  • Interlocking building blocks are used in constructing buildings, due to numerous advantages over conventional building blocks.
  • the building blocks are produced using different process.
  • Modem clay blocks are formed using processes such as, but not limited to, soft mud process, dry press, and extrusion.
  • the dry press method is similar to mud blocks but starts with a much thicker clay mix and therefore it forms more accurate, sharper-edged blocks.
  • the blocks are manufactured using a fixed set of materials which are expensive.
  • the processes used in manufacturing the blocks are also rigid and there is little scope for changing the processes.
  • the properties of the block may not satisfy all the requirements.
  • interlocking building blocks require significant amount of effort. There are also several design issues which hinders the assembly of the interlocking building blocks. Also the interlocking building blocks need extra support such as, an adhesive and a rebar for strengthening the construction. Also, the usability of the interlocking blocks is limited due to the inefficient designing of male and female interconnects to interlock a plurality of interlocking blocks.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of an upper isometric view of a building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary representation of a lower isometric view of the building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of a plan view of the building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary representation of an elevation view of the building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate different perspective views of a corner block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 6A-6F illustrate different perspective views of a T-block, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate different perspective views of a cross block, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 8A-8F illustrate different perspective views of a connecting block, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a building wall constructed using a plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a network of horizontal channels and vertical channels within the building wall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention provides details regarding the structure of a building block for use in interlocking with a plurality of similar building blocks for constructing a building.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of an upper isometric view of a building block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a lower isometric view of building block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a plan view of building block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an elevation view of building block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • building block 100 includes a front face and a rear face, such as front face 102 and rear face 104.
  • the front face and the rear face are vertically oriented and are substantially planar surfaces.
  • the front face and the rear face can be designed as one or more of, but not limited to, a smooth surface and a patterned surface.
  • Building block 100 further includes an upper face and a lower face such as an upper face 106 and a lower face 108 as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the upper face can be a horizontally inclined planar surface as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the upper face can include one or more horizontal surfaces at different elevations.
  • the upper face includes a first portion 118 and a second portion 120, where first portion 118 is placed at an elevated level relative to second portion 120, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the lower face is substantially complementary to the upper face, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the upper face and the lower face of building block 100 are suitably modified to form an interlocking bond with a corresponding lower face and upper face of cooperating building blocks when stacked upon each other, wherein the cooperating building blocks are similar to building block 100.
  • the upper face and the lower face can have one or more patterns in order to facilitate interlocking between the cooperating building blocks.
  • the one or more patterns include one of, but not limited to, a running pattern, a crossed pattern and a lobed pattern.
  • building block 100 includes at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) such as, but not limited to, a vertical hollow (web) 110a and a vertical hollow (web) 110b. Further, the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) extends from the upper face to the lower face of building block 100 as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • parameters such as shape and size of the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) can be customized as desired.
  • the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) can be designed to have a shape such as, cylindrical, cuboidal, semi cylindrical shape and the like.
  • the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) has a cuboidal structure as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) is designed to be perpendicular to the upper surface and the lower face of building block 100.
  • the aforementioned design of the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) facilitates in the formation of vertical channel, when a plurality of building blocks, similar to building block 100, are stacked upon each other.
  • building block 100 includes two substantially symmetrical vertical hollows (webs). It will be apparent that building block 100 can include different numbers of substantially vertical hollows (webs). For instance, building block 100 can include one substantially vertical hollow (web). Alternately, building block 100 can include three or more than three substantially vertical hollows (webs).
  • Building block 100 further includes at least one substantially horizontal channel such as, but not limited to, a horizontal channel 112.
  • Horizontal channel 112 is disposed along at least one of the upper face and the lower face of building block 100.
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel can be designed as one or more structures such as, a concave structure, a concave polygonal structure and the like. Variations in design of the at least one substantially horizontal channel would be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel has a concave structure as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel is disposed on at least one of the upper face and the lower face of building block 100.
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel is disposed between the front face and the rear face of building block 100.
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel is disposed at the center portion of at least one of the upper face and lower face.
  • building block 100 includes two substantially horizontal channels as shown, wherein each of the upper face and the lower face comprises one substantially horizontal channel that is of a concave structure. It is possible that building block 100 includes only one substantially horizontal channel, wherein the at least one substantially horizontal on one of the upper face and the lower face of building block 100.
  • the at least one substantially horizontal channel is designed such that when a first building block and a second building block similar to building block 100 are stacked, the upper face of the first building block mates with the lower face of the second building block resulting in the formation of a horizontal channel such as a horizontal channel 152 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Building block 100 further includes a first end and a second end (not numbered in figures). At least one of the first end and the second end includes at least one header face.
  • the header face is one of a substantially planar face, a male header face such as a male header face 126 and a female header face such as a female header face 128.
  • Each of the first end and the second end can include one or more header faces.
  • the first end can include one male header face and the second end includes one female header face as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the male header face protrudes outwards at one of the first end and the second end of building block 100.
  • the male header face protrudes outwards at the first end as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the female header face protrudes inwards at one of the first end and the second end of building block 100.
  • the female header face protrudes inwards at the second end of building block 100 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the design of the male header face and the female header face is such that the male header face of one building block can interlock with the female header face of a cooperating building block, wherein the blocks are identical or similar to building block 100.
  • the male header face and the female header face include one or more patterns in order to facilitate interlocking between the cooperating building blocks.
  • the one or more patterns include one of, but not limited to, a running pattern, a crossed pattern and a lobed pattern.
  • the male header includes a first stepped pattern projecting outwards as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the first stepped pattern includes a central contact surface such as a central contact surface 130 and other contact surfaces disposed symmetrically about the central contact surface such as, but not limited to, a first contact surface 132 and a second contact surface134 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the female header face includes a second stepped pattern substantially complementary to the male header face.
  • the second stepped pattern includes a central groove such as a central groove 136 and other grooves disposed symmetrically about the central groove such as, but not limited to, a first groove 138 and a second groove 140 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • first stepped pattern and the second stepped pattern there could be numerous variations in the design of the first stepped pattern and the second stepped pattern and as such those variations would be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • the number of steps could be different than those illustrated in the figures.
  • the design of the first stepped pattern and the second stepped pattern can be other than that illustrated in the figures.
  • the interlocking bond when a first building block and a second building block similar to building block 100 are mated adjacent to each other the interlocking bond is formed.
  • the interlocking bond is formed due to the complementary nature of the patterns between the male header face and the female header face.
  • the interlocking bond is formed when contact surfaces such as central contact surface 130, first contact surface 132 and second contact surface 134 of the male header face mate with grooves such as central groove136, first groove 138 and second groove 140 of the female header face.
  • interlocking the plurality of building blocks similar to building block 100 forms a network of vertical and horizontal channels (described in conjunction with the description of FIG. 10 ).
  • at least one of the vertical and horizontal channels is designed to be used for inserting at least one of a plurality of water pipes and a plurality of electrical conduits.
  • Building block 100 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is a normal building block for use in constructing the building in accordance with various embodiments. There could be numerous variations in the design of building block 100 based on end-use of building block 100.
  • building block 100 is used to construct the normal portions of a building such as, but not limited to, corners, intersections, crossings and connections.
  • building block 100 has a particular design, wherein building block 100 can be designed as one of, but not limited to, a corner block, an intersection block, a cross block and a connection block. For instance, if building block 100 is designed to be used for constructing a corner portion of the building, building block 100 is designed as a corner block as illustrated in FIGS.
  • FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate different views of the corner block, wherein FIG. 5A illustrates an isometric view of a left corner block 510 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5B illustrates a plan view of the left corner block 510 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5C illustrates an isometric view of a right corner block 520 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5D illustrates a plan view of the right corner block 520 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the header face at the first end of the corner block is at right angles to another header face at the second end as shown in FIG. 5A .
  • the header face at one of the first end and the second end is one of the male header face and the female header face.
  • the corner block can have header faces as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D .
  • the header face at the first end of the corner block can be aligned at one or more of, a left side and a right side with respect to the header face at the second end as shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5C .
  • building block 100 can be designed to be used at one or more three way (T) intersections while constructing the building.
  • building block 100 is designed as a T-block that can be used at the one or more T intersections as shown in FIGS. 6A-6F .
  • FIGS. 6A-6F illustrate different views of the T-block in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 6A and 6B illustrate an isometric view and a plan view of a left T-block 600
  • FIGS. 6C and 6D illustrate an isometric view and a plan view of a right T-block 610
  • FIGS 6E and 6F illustrate an isometric view and a plan view of a normal T-block 620.
  • the T-block includes an additional header face at one of the first end and second end. Further, the additional header face is disposed at right angles to the header face at one of first end and second end, as shown in FIGS. 6E .
  • the additional header face can be one of a male header face and a female header face based on a requirement.
  • the additional header face is a female header face 602 disposed at right angle to a female header face 604 at the first end of the T-block, while the second end includes the male header 606 as shown in FIG. 6A .
  • the T-block can have one or more variations such as, but are not limited to, a left T-block as shown in FIG. 6A and a right T-block as shown in FIG.
  • the T-block is used at one or more T-intersections while constructing the building.
  • the additional header face is placed at an angle of 180 degrees to the header face at one of the first end and the second end, as shown in FIG. 6E and FIG. 6F .
  • Other variations in design of the T-block will be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • building block 100 can be designed to be used at one or more four way intersections while constructing the building.
  • building block 100 can be designed as a cross block to be used at the one or more four way intersection as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B , which illustrate different views of the cross block in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates an isometric view of the cross block
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a plan view of the cross block.
  • the cross block includes two additional header faces at one of the first end and the second end, wherein the two additional header faces are at right angles to one of the male header face and the female header face at the first end, as shown in FIG. 7A .
  • the two additional header faces can be one or more of a male header face and a female header face similar to the male header and the female header face of building block 100.
  • a first end of the cross block includes a first female header face 702, a second female header face 704 and a third female header face 706 as shown in FIG. 7A .
  • second female header face 704 and third female header face 706 are aligned at right angles to first female header face 702.
  • the second end of the cross block includes a male header face 708 as shown in FIG. 7A .
  • the cross block is used at one or more four-way intersections during the construction of the building.
  • building block 100 can be designed to be used at one or more connecting points during the construction of the building.
  • building block 100 is designed as a connecting block to be used at one or more connecting points.
  • the one or more connecting points include, but not limited to, gaps of different dimensions at points of termination while constructing the building.
  • FIGS 8A-8F illustrate perspective views of the connecting block in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates an isometric view of a normal connecting block 800 while FIG. 8B illustrates a plan view of normal connecting block 800.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates an isometric view of a negative connecting block 810, while FIG. 8D illustrates a plan view of negative connecting block 810.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates an isometric view of a normal connecting block 800
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a plan view of normal connecting block 800
  • FIG. 8C illustrates an isometric view of a negative connecting block 810
  • FIG. 8D illustrates a plan view of negative connecting block 810.
  • FIG. 8E illustrates an isometric view of a positive connecting block 820
  • FIG. 8F illustrates a plan view of positive connecting block 820
  • the connecting block can be at least one of a normal connecting block, a positive connecting block and a negative connecting block.
  • the normal connecting block as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B is a compact version of building block 100 and includes a single substantially vertical hollow (web) such as the substantially vertical hollow (web) of building block 100.
  • the positive connecting blocks similar to that shown in FIGS. 8E-8F
  • negative connecting blocks similar to that shown in FIGS. 8C-8D
  • the identical header face can be one of a male header face (as shown in FIGS. 8E-8F ) and a female header face (as shown in FIGS. 8C-8D ).
  • the one or more connecting blocks are used to fill small uneven gaps created at the one or more points of termination while constructing the building.
  • Building block 100 can also be designed to be an end block (not illustrated in figures), wherein one of the first end and the second end includes a header face that is a substantially planar face. Further, in such a design one of the upper face and lower face can be a substantially planar face. In addition, in such a design only one of the upper face and the lower face includes the substantially hollow (web) channel. Numerous variations in design of building block 100 are possible and as such those variations would be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of the building wall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • one or more types of building block 100 are used.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of the building wall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • a plurality of building blocks similar to building block 100 are designed to be used for constructing one of a stacking bond and a running bond without the use of cementitious materials.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the perspective view of a network of horizontal channels and vertical channels within the building wall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • at least one horizontal channel such as a horizontal channel 152 is formed when the upper face of building block 100 interlocks with the lower face of another building block similar to building block 100. This occurs when the building blocks are stacked upon each other as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) of building block 100 matches with the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) of the plurality of building blocks, similar to building block 100, concentrically when stacked upon each other, thereby creating at least one vertical channel such as a vertical channel 150 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the network of the vertical channels and the horizontal channels is used for adding at least one of horizontal and vertical reinforcements such as, but not limited to, water pipes and electrical conduits.
  • building block 100 can be produced using one or more of materials such as, but are not limited to, natural raw materials, recycled materials, raised-derived materials, polymers, clay, sand-cement, concrete, silica-lime, geopolymer and similar composite materials. Further, in accordance with various embodiments, building block 100 is produced using techniques such as, but are not limited to, uniaxially cold pressing, biaxial cold pressing, dry pressing, semi-dry pressing, compacting, cold isostatic pressing, hot pressing, extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, gel casting, slip casting and tape casting.
  • FIG. 1 Various embodiments of the invention described different structural aspects of a building block for use in constructing a building wall.
  • the building block offers a convenient way to construct buildings and structures.
  • the building blocks interlock with a plurality of similar building blocks and create a strong bond without using cementitious materials.
  • the plurality of building blocks when assembled, readily form a network of vertical and horizontal channels for installing reinforcements such as electrical conduits and water pipes.
  • the building blocks can be manufactured using a variety of materials which enables a user to use an appropriate material according to a desired application, thereby reducing cost of the structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP13162750.7A 2013-02-11 2013-04-08 Baublock für die Verwendung zum Bau eines Gebäudes Withdrawn EP2765252A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/763,810 US20140223848A1 (en) 2013-02-11 2013-02-11 Building block for use in constructing a building

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EP2765252A1 true EP2765252A1 (de) 2014-08-13

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