EP2764577B1 - Mehrstrahlige quelle - Google Patents

Mehrstrahlige quelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2764577B1
EP2764577B1 EP12768843.0A EP12768843A EP2764577B1 EP 2764577 B1 EP2764577 B1 EP 2764577B1 EP 12768843 A EP12768843 A EP 12768843A EP 2764577 B1 EP2764577 B1 EP 2764577B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
source
central
elementary
multibeam
sub
Prior art date
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EP12768843.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2764577A1 (de
Inventor
Maxime ROMIER
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Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device

Definitions

  • Multi-beam antennas for spot coverage of a given geographical area are used in satellite communications.
  • the main objective of this technology is to reduce the cost of bit transmission by making the best use of the frequency band allocated to a given application.
  • the distribution of the signals is such that two adjacent cells do not have signals having the same characteristics, that is to say signals with the same frequency and the same polarization.
  • the identical signals are reused in non-adjacent cells to increase the capacity of the system.
  • a multi-beam type of "multiple sources beam” comprises a multi-beam source placed near the focus of a focusing system composed of one or more reflectors.
  • the multi-beam source has several elementary sources arranged in subnetworks.
  • a sub-network makes it possible to form a beam having a given frequency and a given polarization.
  • the allocated frequency band is divided into two sub-frequency bands F 1 and F 2 , and two linear orthogonal polarizations (horizontal H and vertical V) or circular polarizations (right PCG or left PCD). are used.
  • sub-networks of a fourfold reuse scheme are defined as follows: F1 + H (or PCG); F1 + V (or PCD); F2 + H (or PCG); F2 + V (or PCD).
  • the elementary sources contributing to the formation of a beam are seven in number and called septets.
  • the septets used for two adjacent beams have overlapping areas.
  • the figure 1 illustrates such a scheme of reuse of frequency and polarization.
  • the subnets are associated so that two adjacent subnetworks have elementary sources in common. On the figure 1 several subnets of seven elementary sources are associated (septets). Each subnet is hexagonal.
  • the interleaving of sub-networks makes it possible to enlarge the surface used for the formation of a beam and thus to improve its radio characteristics.
  • the multi-beam source includes a beam forming network (in English, "Beam Forming Network” (BFN)).
  • BFN Beam Forming Network
  • the BFN has N access corresponding to the number of beams.
  • a signal supplying an access is distributed with a predetermined phase and amplitude weighting on all the sources of one of the sub-networks.
  • the aim of the BFN is to distribute the signals from the accesses to the elementary sources of each subnetwork knowing that adjacent subnetworks have overlaps.
  • a BFN is known consisting of several 2: 2 couplers feeding sub-networks of which some elementary sources are shared with other subnets.
  • N. Ratkorn, M. Schneider, R. Gehring, H. Wolf "MEDUSA - A Multiple Feeds per Beam Multi Spot Beam Antenna Project", 30th ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 27-30 May 2008 .
  • This structure of BFN therefore comprises a succession of 2: 2 couplers interconnected by an entanglement of waveguides.
  • the routing of the waveguides is made difficult by the fact that the elementary antenna array is two-dimensional and that the adjacent sub-networks have overlaps.
  • the solution obtained is constraining in terms of fabrication and possible calibration of the elements located in the heart of the BFN.
  • An object of the invention is to have a multi-beam source for performing the interleaving of subnets in a simple manner.
  • the invention relates to a multi-beam antenna comprising a focusing system and a multi-beam source according to the first aspect of the invention arranged near the focus of said focusing system.
  • a multi-beam source comprises a plurality of elementary sources arranged for example in a triangular mesh and which are associated in sub-networks each comprising elementary sources S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 arranged around a central elemental source. S1.
  • subnets are associated such that two adjacent subnetworks have elementary sources in common (as shown in FIG. figure 1 ).
  • each subnet is hexagonal in shape (see figure 1 ).
  • a polarizer 100 (double lines on the Figures 2c , 4 ) is arranged either at each input of the distribution stage or at each output of the distribution stage.
  • the multi-beam source comprises a phase-shifting stage 30 which makes it possible to adjust the phase of the signals originating from the distribution stage 20 (see FIG. figure 2b ).
  • the source comprises a radiating stage 40 typically composed of horns connected after the phase shifter stage and corresponding to each elementary source (see FIG. figure 5 ).
  • the distribution stage 20 consists of several waveguides.
  • the figure 3a illustrates in perspective and in section the arrangement of five waveguides 1, 11, 14, 15, 16 of a septet.
  • a central waveguide 1 corresponds to the central elemental source S1 and six peripheral guides are coupled radially to the central waveguide 1.
  • the accesses of the peripheral guides may be terminated either by short-circuits or by appropriate loads designed to absorb the residual power likely to propagate in the opposite direction.
  • a sub-network is in fact a 1: 7 coupler consisting of a central waveguide 1 corresponding to the central elemental source S1 and six peripheral guides S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 which correspond to the peripheral guides.
  • the waveguides are circular, oval, hexagonal or square.
  • the peripheral guides are connected to the central guide by means of coupling slots 110.
  • the peripheral guides and the central guide are coupled to one another via six rows of coupling slots 110.
  • the figure 3b illustrates a front view of a septet.
  • the coupling slots are typically rectangular in shape and are connected on the one hand to the central waveguide and on the other hand to one of the peripheral guides of the sub-network.
  • the width of the coupling slots is between the half wavelength ⁇ and the diameter of the peripheral waveguide.
  • the coupling slots may include isolation devices allowing the propagation of energy from the central guide to the peripheral guide while prohibiting propagation in the opposite direction. Insulation devices can be made by means of ferrites, for example.
  • certain waveguides are connected by coupling slots 110 to the central waveguides of the adjacent sub-networks, the waveguides corresponding to the elementary sources common to several sub-networks are connected to one another.
  • the couplers 1: 7 are interlaced, that is to say that the peripheral guides (elementary sources S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16) participate simultaneously in several adjacent subnetworks, the Peripheral guides are connected in parallel through rows of coupling slots to three adjacent central guides.
  • the coupling slots are spaced by a pitch less than ⁇ g (central guide) / 2 where ⁇ g (central guide) is the guided wavelength in the central waveguide calculated in the frequency band to be coupled.
  • the number of coupling slots is chosen such that the coupling area is between four and eight times ⁇ g (central guide) .
  • the spacing between the slots and the number of slots must be optimized to ensure good coupling.
  • the number of coupling slots is a function of the difference in power radiated by the central elemental source and that radiated by the elementary sources of the corresponding subarray, the apodization typically varying between 0 and 10 dB.
  • the structure is symmetrical, which makes it possible to minimize the generation of higher order modes that can propagate, as a function of the diameter of the waveguides and the frequency.
  • the unconnected coupling slots 113 of the sub-networks located at the periphery are terminated by short-circuits (reflecting the incident field in the slot) or adapted charges (absorbing the incident field in the slot) to optimize the functioning of these subnetworks.
  • the adapted charges composed of lossy material have the function of canceling the reflection of the energy propagated in the unconnected coupling slots, which can degrade the radio performance of sub-networks located at the periphery.
  • FIG 5 On the figure 5 is shown a sectional view along the axis BB of the figure 4 .
  • the coupling is provided here by five rectangular coupling slots 111.
  • the phase-shifter stage 30 consists, for an elementary source, in a variable-section waveguide for modulating the guided wavelength and thus the output phase.
  • the figure 6 illustrates this principle with two waveguides of identical length for obtaining differentiated output phases.
  • the phase shifter stage can be made by stacking machined metal layers.
  • a multibeam source formed by a stack of layers of material.
  • the material used is identical for all the layers in order to promote a homogeneous mechanical and thermoelastic behavior. Materials such as aluminum or invar can be used.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Mehrstrahlquelle für eine Mehrstrahlantenne, wobei die Quelle eine Vielzahl von identischen Elementarquellen umfasst, derart, dass:
    - die Elementarquellen (S1, S11-S16) in identischen Subnetzen um eine zentrale Elementarquelle (S1-S7) herum zusammengefasst sind, wobei jedes Subnetz dazu vorgesehen ist, einen Strahl zu bilden; und dass
    - zwei benachbarte Subnetze mindestens eine gemeinsame Elementarquelle umfassen;
    wobei die Quelle umfasst
    - eine Speise- und Polarisierungsstufe (10), um das Elektromagnetfeld an den Zugängen der zentralen Elementarquellen (S1-S7) mit Leistung zu speisen und zu polarisieren; und
    - eine Stufe (20) zum Verteilen der von den zentralen Elementarquellen stammenden Leistung zu den Elementarquellen des entsprechenden Subnetzes und denjenigen, die mehreren Subnetzen gemein sind, gemäß einem bestimmten Amplitudengesetz;
    wobei die Verteilungsstufe (20) aus einer Vielzahl von parallelen Wellenleitern (1, 11-16) besteht, die gemäß einer Strahlungsachse der Quelle ausgerichtet, wobei jeder Wellenleiter (1, 11-16) jeder Elementarquelle entspricht, und in Bezug zueinander derart arrangiert sind, dass bei einem Subnetz ein zentraler Wellenleiter (1) der zentralen Elementarquelle entspricht, und umliegende Wellenleiter radial mit dem zentralen Wellenleiter verbunden sind, und derart, dass die Wellenleiter, die den Elementarquellen entsprechen, welchen mehreren Subnetzen gemein sind, untereinander verbunden sind;
    und wobei die Wellenleiter mittels Koppelschlitzen (110) verbunden sind, die radial um den Wellenleiter herum angeordnet sind, um die Grundmode des zentralen Leiters und die Grundmode des umliegenden Leiters zu koppeln, wobei die Grundmode als die erste propagierende Mode definiert ist.
  2. Mehrstrahlquelle nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Koppelschlitze (110) um weniger als die Hälfte der auf der Betriebsfrequenz im zentralen Wellenleiter geleitet Wellenlänge, vorzugsweise um ein Viertel der auf der Betriebsfrequenz vom zentralen Wellenleiter geleiteten Wellenlänge beabstandet sind.
  3. Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei die Anzahl der Koppelschlitze (110) von der Differenz der Leistung, die von der zentralen Elementarquelle abgestrahlt wird, und derjenigen, die von den Elementarquellen des entsprechenden Subnetzes abgestrahlt wird, abhängig ist, wobei die Apodisierung typischerweise zwischen 0 und 10 dB variiert.
  4. Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die unverbundenen Koppelschlitze (113) der am Umfang liegenden Netze über geeignete Lasten oder an ihrem Ende angeordnete Metallwände terminiert sind.
  5. Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Zugangsstufe (10) einen Polarisator umfasst, der dafür geeignet ist, in zirkularer oder linearer Polarisation zu funktionieren, die jeder zentralen Elementarquelle entspricht.
  6. Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Phasenverschiebungsphase (30), die im Anschluss an die Verteilungsstufe (20) angeordnet ist, um die Phase der aus den Wellenleitern stammenden Signale zu steuern.
  7. Mehrstrahlquelle nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, wobei die Verteilungsstufe (20) und die Phasenverschiebungsstufe (30) bei einer Elementarquelle von einem einzigen Wellenleiter mit variablem Querschnitt gebildet werden.
  8. Mehrstrahlquelle nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, wobei die Wellenleiter, die jeder Elementarquelle entsprechen, und die Verbindungen zwischen den Leitern von einer Stapelung von Materialschichten, typischerweise Aluminium oder Invar, gebildet werden.
  9. Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Subnetz aus sieben Quellen, einer zentralen Elementarquelle und sechs um die zentrale Elementarquelle herum angeordneten Elementarquellen, besteht.
  10. Mehrstrahlquelle nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Verteilungsstufe eine Vielzahl von 1:7 Richtkopplern umfasst, die aus einem zentralen Leiter und sechs um den zentralen Wellenleiter herum angeordneten umliegenden Leitern bestehen.
  11. Mehrstrahlantenne, die ein aus einem oder mehreren Reflektoren zusammengesetztes Fokussiersystem sowie eine Mehrstrahlquelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche umfasst, die in Nähe des Brennpunkts des Fokussiersystems angeordnet ist.
EP12768843.0A 2011-10-05 2012-10-05 Mehrstrahlige quelle Active EP2764577B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1158993A FR2981207B1 (fr) 2011-10-05 2011-10-05 Source multi-faisceaux
PCT/EP2012/069699 WO2013050517A1 (fr) 2011-10-05 2012-10-05 Source multi-faisceaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2764577A1 EP2764577A1 (de) 2014-08-13
EP2764577B1 true EP2764577B1 (de) 2018-08-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12768843.0A Active EP2764577B1 (de) 2011-10-05 2012-10-05 Mehrstrahlige quelle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9876284B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2764577B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2981207B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2013050517A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3404769B1 (de) * 2016-02-26 2021-12-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Antennenvorrichtung
WO2018105081A1 (ja) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
FR3067535B1 (fr) * 2017-06-09 2023-03-03 Airbus Defence & Space Sas Satellite de telecommunications, procede de formation de faisceaux et procede de fabrication d’une charge utile de satellite

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090203A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-05-16 Trw Inc. Low sidelobe antenna system employing plural spaced feeds with amplitude control
FR2560446B1 (fr) * 1984-01-05 1986-05-30 Europ Agence Spatiale Repartiteur de puissance pour antenne a faisceaux multiples a elements sources partages
US8289132B2 (en) 1997-10-27 2012-10-16 Direct Source International, Inc. Locking system for electronic equipment
US7994996B2 (en) * 1999-11-18 2011-08-09 TK Holding Inc., Electronics Multi-beam antenna
US6606077B2 (en) * 1999-11-18 2003-08-12 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Multi-beam antenna
US8041437B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2011-10-18 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for virtual control of laboratory equipment
US9625602B2 (en) 2009-11-09 2017-04-18 SeeScan, Inc. Smart personal communication devices as user interfaces
US20130113648A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2013-05-09 L-3 Communications Cyterra Corporation Sensor head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140333498A1 (en) 2014-11-13
WO2013050517A1 (fr) 2013-04-11
EP2764577A1 (de) 2014-08-13
FR2981207B1 (fr) 2014-03-07
FR2981207A1 (fr) 2013-04-12
US9876284B2 (en) 2018-01-23

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