EP2761540A1 - Gestion des flux de données échangés entre les n uds de ressources en réseau d'un web social - Google Patents

Gestion des flux de données échangés entre les n uds de ressources en réseau d'un web social

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Publication number
EP2761540A1
EP2761540A1 EP11776861.4A EP11776861A EP2761540A1 EP 2761540 A1 EP2761540 A1 EP 2761540A1 EP 11776861 A EP11776861 A EP 11776861A EP 2761540 A1 EP2761540 A1 EP 2761540A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
resource
resource nodes
database
interaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11776861.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Olof Ermis
Joakim Formo
Marcus Gardman
Farjola PECO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP2761540A1 publication Critical patent/EP2761540A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
    • H04L67/30—Profiles
    • H04L67/306—User profiles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to networking of resources and, more particularly, to the management of networked resources based on social mapping principles.
  • the Internet continues to evolve to include a "physical internet” consisting of not only computers, but devices, other objects and environments with embedded data-, computation-, sensor-, location-, and communication- interaction capabilities.
  • This potential evolution is often referred to using terminology such as "The Internet of Things", “Machine to Machine Communications”, “Ubiquitous Computing”, “Pervasive Computing” or “Ambient Intelligence”. It has been estimated that every person is surrounded by somewhere between 1000 and 5000 intelligent objects and a global Internet of Things may in a few years consist of 50 to 100,000 billion objects whose location and status will have to be
  • the following example embodiments provide a number of advantag benefits relative to existing resource management software, devices, systems and methods including, for example, using social mapping principles and other operations to define data flows that are allowed between networked resource nodes to streamline interactions between users and the networked resource nodes, as well as between the networked resource nodes themselves. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, however, that the claims are not limited to those embodiments which produce any or all of these advantages or benefits and that other advantages and benefits may be realized depending upon the particular
  • An example embodiment is directed to a resource management node that manages a plurality of resource nodes connected to at least one network.
  • the resource management node includes a system entity database, an interaction flow database, and an interaction execution engine.
  • the system entity database contains information identifying communication addresses for the resource nodes and associated metadata identifying capabilities of the resource nodes.
  • the interaction flow database contains information defining data flows that are permitted between identified ones of the resource nodes and associated triggering criteria defining when identified ones of the data flows are to be performed.
  • the interaction execution engine is configured to determine that one of the triggering criteria defined by the interaction flow database is satisfied and to respond by establishing the associated data flow between the identified ones of the resource nodes.
  • the recommendation engine generates a recommended data flow between at least two of the resource nodes using the metadata in the system entity database.
  • the recommendation engine communicates a message to a user that identifies the recommended data flow for acceptance by the user.
  • the recommendation engine responds to receipt of a user response indicating acceptance of the recommended data flow by adding to the interaction flow database information identifying the recommended data flow between the at least two resource nodes and the associated triggering criteria used by the interaction execution engine to establish the recommended data flow.
  • the message can be a friendship request
  • the recommendation engine can respond to a message indicating the user's acceptance of the friendship request by adding information to the interaction flow database that identifies a friend relationship between the at least two resource nodes and the associated triggering criteria used by the interaction execution engine to establish the recommended data flow.
  • example embodiments make data flows through resource nodes intuitive to understand and manage by users.
  • Another example embodiment is directed to a method by a resource management node for managing a plurality of resource nodes connected to at least one network.
  • System entity information is assembled that identifies communication addresses for the resource nodes and associated metadata identifying capabilities of the resource nodes.
  • Interaction flow information is assembled that defines data flows that are permitted between identified ones of the resource nodes and associated triggering criteria defining when identified ones of the data flows are to be performed. A determination is made that one of the triggering criteria defined by the interaction flow database is satisfied. The associated data flow is established between the identified ones of the resource nodes in response to the triggering criteria being satisfied.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a plurality of networked objects managed by a system according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 2 depicts another plurality of network objects being managed in accordance with another example embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows an example user interface which can be used in accordance with an example embodiment
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example layered architecture which can be used in accordance with an example embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows example relationships between architectural elements in accordance with an example embodiment
  • Figure 6 illustrates a more detailed architectural schematic for implementing management of networked objects using social principles according to an example embodiment
  • Figures 7(a)-7(c) show user interfaces associated with other example embodiments
  • Figure 8 depicts another architecture for providing management of networked objects using social mapping principles according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 9 illustrates an example mobile device which can be used in conjunction with example embodiments
  • Figure 10 illustrates an example server device which can be used in conjunction with example embodiments
  • Figure 1 1 is a flowchart depicting operations and methods for managing networked objects according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a flowchart depicting other operations and methods for managing networked objects according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 13 depicts another architecture that includes a resource management node that manages a plurality of resource nodes connected to at least one network using operations and methods according to some embodiments;
  • Figure 14 illustrates example information that can be displayed to a user to indicate that the identified resource nodes have been functionally grouped as friends in a social web, and to indicate that data flows can be established between them according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 15 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for establishing data flows between resource nodes according to an example embodiment
  • Figures 16-18 illustrate example information that can be displayed to a user to authorize and establish data flows between resource nodes according to example
  • Figure 19 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for generating a recommended data flow for acceptance by a user according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 20 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for excluding incompatible resource nodes from any recommended data flow according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 21 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for tracking popularity of data flows with other users and communicating an indication of the popularity of a recommended data flow to a user according to an example embodiment
  • Figures 22-24 illustrate examples of information that can be displayed to a user to manage resource nodes and data flows therebetween using friendship requests according to example embodiments;
  • Figure 25 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for managing resource nodes and data flows therebetween using friendship requests in a social web according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 26 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations for managing data flows between resource nodes responsive to discovery of a newly connected resource node according to an example embodiment
  • Figure 27 is a block diagram of example components that may be included in the resource management node, one or more of the resource nodes, and/or the user equipment node of the system of Figure 13 configured according to some embodiments.
  • example embodiments provide for holistic management of a plurality of networked objects including, for example, electronic devices, sensors, computers, services and users.
  • example embodiments provide a presentation layer where each networked object is represented by a unique and identifiable profile that contains information about each object's system characteristics.
  • social mapping principles like "friendship" (i.e. a notion of trust or ownership relationship and access control)
  • example embodiments make objects' relations intuitive to understand for the users.
  • Example embodiments utilize a recognizable resemblance to a social network in order to enable users to form a holistic mental model of potentially large numbers of networked nodes with simultaneous interconnections and interrelations with each other.
  • FIG. 1 the system architecture at a high level according to example embodiments is illustrated.
  • a plurality of networked objects 10 is connected to the system 12 via a variety of network technologies 14, e.g., the Internet, a WAN, etc.
  • the users 16 can access the services provided by the system 12 via user interfaces 18 whose implementation which will vary depending upon, for example, the context and the end user device on which the particular user interface 18 is running, e.g., mobile devices, computers, laptops, televisions or other devices.
  • the system 12 which manages the networked objects 10 can, for example, be implemented, at least in part, as server-based software. Persons that are using the system 12, i.e., the users 16, are represented and identified as entities in the system 12 by unique user profiles in the system.
  • the networked objects 10 can also be represented and identified in the system 12 by unique profiles.
  • Networked objects 10 include, but are not limited to: consumer electronics, digitally tagged objects, computer devices, mobiles, sensors, buildings, vehicles or even companies, brands, services and physical locations. Both the profiles that represent users 16 and network objects 10 in the system 12 are jointly referred to herein as system entity profiles 20.
  • Data associated with the plurality of networked objects 10 and users 16 is received by the system 12.
  • the system 12 creates system entity profiles 20 for each networked object 10 and user 16.
  • the system entity profiles 20 may include, but are not limited to, information about name, technical specifications, manufacturer, capability, location, history and other metadata associated with the respective networked object 10 or user 16.
  • the system 12 also includes a relation management function 22 which coordinates the interactions between the networked objects 10 by applying social
  • the system 12 issues queries, described in more detail below, in order to establish relationships between system entities 10 and 16 by, for example, sending a system entity's profile 20 to a potentially relevant system entity based on the profile data and network access credentials of the receiving system entity.
  • a relationship is established by the relation management function 22 based on the confirmation from the user(s) 16 or the system entity itself, i.e. multiple system entities can establish relationships with a single system entity.
  • System entities can share temporal and permanent relationships with other system entities. Many separated and simultaneous network sites can exist, and the information and communication can be, according to example embodiments, limited to a specific group of system entities defined by their relationship to each other. There can also be temporal or permanent connections between system entities belonging to different network sites.
  • the semantics function 24 includes functionality that allows, e.g., device manufacturers, to establish devices with a brand-dependent semantic interaction language where applicable.
  • a Sony TV could communicate in 'Sony language' (e.g. 'like' other Sony devices or content, relate to Sony PS games or Sony brand etc.)
  • Other semantic layers are also possible, see e.g., the toaster or solar panel examples in the user interface screen of Figure 3 described below.
  • Semantics can also be user-defined (e.g., reflecting a certain level of maturity in operating a device translating into complexity of the user interface). Additional semantic layers could also include, for example, types of jargon or even slang.
  • the semantics function 24 can also provide a natural language
  • translator/interpreter/generator i.e., a mechanism which translates machine signals or languages into languages which are more meaningful to humans.
  • the system 12 may interface with its objects 10 and users 16 through a set of
  • APIs 26 and 28 in order to establish relationships using social mapping principles and also to exercise those relationships in performance of various task requests.
  • Different user interaction paradigms can be used in order to manage the query/confirmation procedure.
  • a user 16 could for example confirm a relationship query transmitted to it by the relation management function 22 of the system 12 by pressing a button in a graphical user interface, or both the query and confirmation of a relationship between two system entities could be done in one operation by physically bringing together the objects, using Near Field Communication (NFC) or a similar mechanism.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the system entity in system 12 associated with the TV will accept and acknowledge this instruction, even if the TV is in fact not capable of recording anything itself if it has a predetermined type of relationship, e.g., is friends with, another networked object 10 which can perform the requested service.
  • the system entity of the TV has a friendship relationship with the system entity of a video recorder.
  • the system entity of the TV can take responsibility for the request from the user 16 and relay the command to the system entity of the video recorder, which could, for example, be a representation of a physical device, a software functionality in the system, or a service provided via the network.
  • the networked object video recorder 10 will actually execute the job, i.e., which is essentially 'subcontracted' to it by the TV's system entity in system 12, and the user 16 will receive a confirmation from the TV's system entity (again via API 26 and user interface 18) that the requested task will be performed, and later on that it has been successfully completed.
  • NAS network attached storage device
  • UPF Universal Plug and Play
  • DLNA Digital Living Room Network Alliance
  • the system 12 creates a system entity profile 20 for the new device and sends a request to the user's application interface 18, e.g., on his or her mobile phone, to accept (or reject) the connection of the system entity of the new device.
  • the user confirms that the NAS is permitted to join the group of system entities present in his or her 'Social Web of Things', other devices (such as media players) that are already part of this friendship related group and have the capabilities to establish a service relationship with this device, can use the NAS as media source.
  • other devices such as media players
  • the system 12 is, at least in part, implemented as a home gateway (GW) 30.
  • the networked objects 10 include various power consuming devices including, e.g., a light, 34, a television 36, and a radio 38 which are connected both to the GW 30 and to a power network.
  • a Personal Network can be considered to include a set of networked objects with which a particular user (or group of users, e.g., a family) has a relationship.
  • a power meter 40 provides the GW 30 with information about power consumption on the network and one or more power sensor/actuators 42 can be used to monitor and/or control the networked objects 10.
  • the GW 30 is also connected to an outside network, e.g., the Internet 44, which enables it to communicate with an application server (AS) 46.
  • AS application server
  • This AS 46 can, for example, perform other functions of the system 12 described above if those functions are not performed in the GW 30.
  • AS 46 can perform other functions that are available to the owner/user associated with the network 47.
  • Various external applications can also interface with the system via GW 30.
  • a metering application can be running on a user's device 50 to monitor and display the aggregated energy consumption associated with the devices at his or her home 51.
  • the user 16 can manage the devices 34, 36 and 38 via an application running on his or her mobile phone 52. More details associated with an example gateway 30 and AS 46 which can be used to implement the example embodiment of Figure 2 are described below with respect to Figure 6.
  • FIG. 3 A more detailed, yet purely illustrative user interface 18 which can, for example, operate on a mobile phone or other end user terminal device and permit a user 16 to interact with the system 12 is shown in Figure 3.
  • a plurality of rows of items associated with a currently in focus News Feed tab 60 of the user interface 18 are shown, each of which provides, for example, information provided from a networked object 10.
  • Other features in Figure 3 indicated as tabs), not currently in focus, can provide the user 16 with information relating to notifications from the system 12 related to networked objects 10 and requests, e.g., requests by a device to become a "friend" to the user and join the system entities associated with that user 16.
  • a “Home” element which returns the user to the presently viewed screen
  • a “Profile” element which enables the user 16 to access the system entity profiles 20
  • a “Gather” element which provides a mechanism for the user to interact with information aggregated from various networked objects, e.g., the total power consumption of devices in a household or the aggregated media base of a user from various media servers
  • a "Friends” element which, when actuated, lists the networked objects that have already established friend relationships with this user
  • a “Nearby” element which when actuated, displays information regarding networked objects that are near to the user's mobile phone or terminal device and their relationship to the user.
  • the system 12 can establish different hierarchical levels of relationship between the system entities which the system 12 manages using social mapping principles so as to be more user friendly and to make it easier for a user 16 to relate to the managed network objects 10.
  • a top level relation could be "the owner”; a relational description in the system when a person owns an object.
  • a networked object 10 could have several owners.
  • a system entity associated with one networked object 10 or user 16 i.e., a device or a persona
  • example embodiments provide a relation designation referred to herein as "best friend", i.e., someone that is closer, has better access and more privileges than the level below; i.e.,
  • Networked objects may also be present in a system which do not have any of these preferred relationships with the users or other networked objects and are herein referred to as "strangers". Moreover, it will be appreciated that although three different levels of preferred relationships for networked objects are described above, that different
  • implementations of these example embodiments may use more or fewer such levels to implement social mapping principles for networked object management.
  • a summary of example relational descriptors and their associated functional characteristics is provided below in Table 1.
  • friends can accept task requests from other friends without requiring
  • Relation management function 22 of system 12 establishes and manages these different levels of relationship between networked objects 10 and users 16.
  • networked objects 10 and users 16 or networked objects 10 and other networked objects 10) which are designated as friends are interconnected and have reciprocal access to each other's information/data/functionality.
  • Devices which are friends are set by the system 12 to help each other, execute requested tasks for each other and inform each other about their status, but according to example embodiments they cannot administer each other.
  • a 'friend' relation can have a temporal quality (e.g., rental car, hotel room, etc.) or may be permanent.
  • the social mapping paradigm described above can be further extended to include additional levels which are easily distinguished by users, for example, 'friends of friends' or peripheral 'acquaintances'.
  • Networked devices which have this latter relationship relative to other devices or users are not, according to some example embodiments, directly connected with those other devices or users, but could, for example, be present in the form of their functionality or service they provide.
  • the value of such relations as they are used in systems and methods which manage networked objects using social mapping principles according to example embodiments is explained in more detail below.
  • Any system entity associated with system 12 can be aware of functionality provided by networked objects 10 with whom it has a predetermined relationship or level of friendship, e.g., the functionality of networked objects 10 which is managed by that system entity's best friends' friends.
  • the TV and the video recorder e.g., VCR
  • the TV relays the task to the VCR but the VCR for some reason was unavailable or incapable of executing the requested task (e.g., recording a TV program).
  • the TV (or more precisely the system entity in system 12 which corresponds to the TV) may be aware of other options for performing the requested task, e.g., other networked nodes that have the needed capability but with which it may or may not have a direct friend relationship. If those other options are not directly available to the TV, it may be possible that such functionality could be made available to the TV utilizing the friendship relations of others to ask for a specific favor. For example, if the TV's owner/best friend (e.g., user/human 16 or networked object 10) has a friend that is connected to a system entity that can provide the functionality needed, the system 12 can send a message to that system entity requesting that, e.g., the requested program be recorded and stored.
  • other options for performing the requested task e.g., other networked nodes that have the needed capability but with which it may or may not have a direct friend relationship. If those other options are not directly available to the TV, it may be possible that such functionality could be made available to the TV utilizing the friendship
  • the TV could be set to ask its owner if it is permitted to contact the owner's friend to ask for the needed favor (e.g., recording and storing a specific TV program). If the TV's owner's friend agrees to this, perhaps even based on predetermined criteria like remaining/maximum storage space and time, a device that is able execute the requested functionality could make this functionality available to the TV.
  • a friend i.e., a person, in another household
  • the TV could be set to ask its owner if it is permitted to contact the owner's friend to ask for the needed favor (e.g., recording and storing a specific TV program). If the TV's owner's friend agrees to this, perhaps even based on predetermined criteria like remaining/maximum storage space and time, a device that is able execute the requested functionality could make this functionality available to the TV.
  • the TV in network A is not a friend of the recording device in network B (e.g., these two networked objects may not even 'see' each other through the network, but instead only transmit/request signals associated with the favor that is requested/provided) it may still be able to relay the task of recording of the TV program to the recording device in network B, possibly upon authorization from a system entity having a sufficiently high friendship relation with that recording device.
  • PN personal networking
  • a PN architecture shown generally in Figure 4 connects consumer devices (sometimes called Personal Network Entities, PNEs, herein or networked objects 10 as described above) that reside in a local network; through gateway devices (PNE Cluster Gateways) to server-side enablers (Personal Network Application Server, PNAS) and from there optionally to 3 r Party Service and Content Providers.
  • PNE Cluster Gateways PNE Cluster Gateways
  • server-side enablers Personal Network Application Server, PNAS
  • 3 r Party Service and Content Providers 3 r Party Service and Content Providers.
  • the PNE cluster gateways can be implemented as physical, standalone nodes or, alternatively, as logical functions which are physically implemented on one or more of the networked objects themselves. In the latter case, networked objects may not need to communicate via GW devices per se.
  • the cluster layer 80 is the lowest layer, where services are not under control of the PN system according to this example embodiment.
  • a PNE Cluster e.g., cluster 82, includes a set of devices and a PNE Cluster Gateway (e.g., as shown in Figure 2) where the gateway communicates with the devices locally.
  • a PNE Cluster 82 also includes the services that are hosted by the devices and the PNE cluster gateway, e.g., gateway 30 in Figure 2.
  • Each PNE Cluster 82 is assumed, according to this example embodiment, to communicate over a gateway and is hence identifiable and addressable via this gateway.
  • a PNE Cluster Gateway communicates with the PNAS over wide-area networks and with devices within the PN Cluster 82 over local access networks.
  • a PNE device or networked object 10 may be part of two or more PNE Clusters 82.
  • a service in this cluster layer 80 may be provided in a non-personalized way, as for example a DLNA service including services provided locally by a device and services provided by a 3 rd Party. Services in this layer are directly accessible from the PNE Cluster Gateway.
  • the PN Layer 84 manages services that are under control of the PN system.
  • the PN system is responsible primarily for device and service management in PNs, management of users and association to PNs, authentication and authorization of a service requester, filtering on the context information exposure, and management of watchers on the events in PNs.
  • a Personal Network (PN) 86 can be defined as an overlay network consisting of one or multiple PNE Clusters 82.
  • a PN 86 is assigned to a single PN user who is called the PN owner in this example embodiment.
  • a PN 86 enables the owner to consume a service within the PN regardless of the cluster in which the service exists, e.g., as described above using friendship relations.
  • the PN owner may consume a service provided by a 3 rd party or by other PNs by a device in the PN.
  • PN 86 also enables the owner to expose the devices and services within the PN to 3 rd party Service Providers and consumers in a controlled way, managing for example access restriction, privacy protection and service abstraction from the devices, e.g., by using the social mapping conventions described above with respect to Figures 1-3.
  • a service in this PN layer 84 may access context information aggregated within the PN, for example for service personalization.
  • the PN architecture assumes that each device, service, PNE cluster, and the PN is identifiable and addressable.
  • Services from different PNs may form an overlay service network called a
  • a PN federation 88 facilitates sharing of devices and services among multiple PNs 86, while privacy and security can be maintained across the whole PN federation 88.
  • the PN Federation Layer 89 provides a mechanism for grouping PN services and service requesters under a single federation policy.
  • Each PN 86 taking part in a PN Federation 88 can have its own policies to control what devices and services in the PN are made available to the other PNs in the PN Federation. In other words the set of devices and services available in a PN Federation is not always equal to the set of all devices and services in the participating PNs.
  • Figure 5 shows an example relationship among the different entities described above with respect to the example embodiment Figure 4, e.g., which entities relate to other entities in either a 1 :1 relationship or a 1 :many (N) relationship.
  • one PN 90 can include multiple PNE Clusters 92 and PN-level Services 94.
  • One PNE Cluster 92 can include multiple devices 96 and Cluster-level services 98.
  • a device can include multiple device-level services 100. It will be appreciated that as used in this context, N can be a number which is equal zero or be a number which is greater than zero.
  • a PN 90 can belong to N PN
  • Federations 102 which in turn can include N PNs 90.
  • a PN owner 104 typically has a one to one relationship with his or her own PN 90.
  • the services 94, 98 and 100 illustrated in Figure 5 typically can be categorized as shown below in Table 2.
  • the identity of a device 96 i.e., a networked object 10
  • the device manufacturer e.g., a MAC address
  • device identities could also be provided in other ways, e.g., on an IP level by a home DNS service or using explicit names, e.g., entered into the system by user configuration.
  • Device-level services 100 are identifiable inside the respective device 96, which means that the cluster- level service is able to identify the device level service 100 by using a combination of the device 96's identity and the identity of the device level service 100.
  • the identity of a cluster-level service 98 identifies the service uniquely within the cluster.
  • a PN level service 94 is able to identify the cluster-level service 98.
  • the identity of a PN-level service 94 identifies the service uniquely within the PN 90.
  • service requesters are able to identify a PN-level service 94 if there is a Service Level Agreement (SLA) in place between the PN and the service requesters.
  • SLA Service Level Agreement
  • Figure 6 provides a more detailed architectural view of a gateway 30, an associated PN AS 46 and their interactions with a service requester according to an example embodiment which can be used to jointly provide management of networked objects using social mapping principles.
  • Table 3 below provides a brief description of each of the logical interfaces illustrated in Figure 6.
  • CM2 Context Manager The Context User Agent uploads to the Context Manager the context information generated in the cluster, and it downloads the entire or a part of the PN context information from the Context Manager when necessary.
  • SB2 Service Broker The Service Broker invokes a service in the Local Service
  • SM I Service Matchmaker PN enablers request service matchmaking and receive the result.
  • DC1 DLNA Connector Services in the LSM invoke services on the DLNA Connector
  • context management is provided in order to determine device capabilities, friendship relations and user situations to, in turn, be able to make intelligent adaptations of the media delivered in response to a service request.
  • These adaptations can range from selection of variants (e.g., low-res thumbnails to mobiles; hi-res widescreen to HDTV's, hi-res with interaction to users who have a mobile phone and a TV at the same time) to various types of transcoding, including content adaptation (i.e.
  • a PN 90 is associated with context information where the information related to the devices and services in the PN are stored.
  • Context Management is the function according to example embodiments that aggregates the context information from each cluster in the PN 90 and exposes it to a context consumer. Service Providers, Content Providers and end users are context consumers.
  • the Context Management function authenticates and authorizes accesses to the context information and filters the information to be exposed so that the end user and the operator can control the information to be exposed.
  • a context manager 1 10 is provided in the PN AS 46 (and counterpart context user agent 1 12 in the gateway 30). According to example
  • the context management system 1 10, 112 contains the following databases:
  • a device capability database e.g., defining what type of media a PS3 can handle or which media formats and streaming protocols are supported by a iPhone 3.0.
  • This database typically needs to be manually populated primarily because it is difficult to automatically derive this information, the database typically only needs to be created once, and typically can be created by the manufacturer (e.g., referenced by the device, in the same way as UAProf).
  • a service required capabilities database which describes what a service would require to be meaningfully consumed. This database typically is also created only once, by the service provider (or a proxy for the service provider, like the operator).
  • a database or list indicating which devices and user-provided services are available in particular user situations also known as the "personal network” (this data structure can typically be populated automatically, e.g., via a discovery process, at least in the DLNA-case) and to which of the device types and situational parameters those services match.
  • This data structure may be updated seldomly (e.g., when a device is "paired” or “discovered”) and can be created by the gateway 30.
  • This data structure can, for example, be updated several times of day and can be created by the gateway 30 or by the operator and attached to the database representation (in the case of location, for instance).
  • a database, list or other data structure indicating the current status of a particular device or personal network e.g., if the PN has the same constraints throughout, and can be represented by the PNE Cluster GW). Current bandwidth and other situational parameters, such as ambient temperature, light level, physical orientation, etc. can be stored in this data structure which will get updated relatively often, e.g., by the gateway 30.
  • This data enables the gateway 30 and/or the PN AS 46 according to example embodiments to intelligently adapt service provision as described above in the example service request scenarios which involve "friend" devices or, more generally, task requests which involve networked objects having at least a predetermined relationship level in a given hierarchical implementation of relationship levels.
  • the application of service which needs the information can query the databases containing this information (which may or may not be present at the same location, e.g., in the same operator database).
  • the latter approach has several advantages, for instance the ability to integrate with existing systems (e.g.
  • the query itself can take various forms, for instance, a SPARQL or XQUERY query; a web services document submitted to a URL (REST or SOAP-wise), an ISC request, etc.
  • the example PN architecture enables a PN owner to expose services from his or her PN so that they are accessible by a service requester such as a service provider, a contents provider and end users other than the PN owner.
  • the exposed service may be described in a device-independent way, which makes it possible for the PN owner to decide by which device he wants to receive the service.
  • the exposed service may require certain capabilities on the service consumers so that an inappropriate device or application is not proposed to the PN owner as a consumer of the service.
  • the PN owner receives a notification with a list of candidate devices that are located nearby and are capable of consuming the given media, enabling the user to choose which device to use.
  • the Service Management function in the PN architecture of the example embodiment of Figure 6 mediates between the Service Requester and the user, keeping the balance between fine-grained service delivery and protecting the user's privacy.
  • the Service Management function includes the Service Registry 1 14, the Service Broker 116, the Service Matchmaker 1 18 and the Local Service Manager 120.
  • the Service Registry 114 is the single point of contact for other PN enablers or a Service Requester 122 to find the requested service.
  • the Service Broker 116 and the Local Service Manager 120 host services that are accessed by a Service Requester 122.
  • the Service Matchmaker 118 compares the requirement of the services in the Service Registry 114 with device capability and other context information of the PN, and the matched service and device pairs are stored in the context information of the PN.
  • a Service may be a composite service which looks up other services in the Service Registry 116, executes them and aggregates the results.
  • a constituent service of a composite service may be a service provided by a service provider or a service provided by a PN.
  • Each PNE cluster 92 has a (and, according to some example embodiments, only one) PNE Cluster Gateway 30 which collects information from the devices 10 in the cluster, such as statuses, service information and event occurrences, and forwards this information to the Context Management function.
  • the Service Management function receives requests for services provided by the devices in the cluster or the PNE cluster gateway itself, dispatches the requests and collects the results to be returned to the Service Requesters 122.
  • FIG. 7(a)-7(c) Using the architecture described above with respect to Figures 4-6, the aforedescribed management of networked object using social mapping principles can be implemented. Another example of such interactivity will now be described with respect to the user interface screens associated with a user interface 18 shown in Figures 7(a)-7(c).
  • a user 16 (Alice) of a PN 90 can see another user 16 (Bob) in her friend list (displayed by actuating Friends tab 202) because Bob and Alice are mutual friends.
  • Bob's icon 204 Alice can further check Bob's networked object information as shown in Figure 7(b).
  • an entry 206 associated with Bob's NAS appears in the wall 208 since devices and services owned by Bob which have been designated by Bob as having an "open" setting can be seen by his friends, hence Alice can see Bob's NAS on the wall 208.
  • Alice By clicking on (or otherwise selecting) the icon 210 associated with Bob's NAS, Alice is prompted by the SWoT UI to be friends with Bob's NAS as seen in Figure 7(c). Alice is guided to the notification tab under the home page, and sees that she receives a notification 212 saying "Do you want to send a friend request to "Bob's NAS"?
  • Figure 8 depicts another high level view of architectures associated with managing networked objects using social mapping principles according to example embodiments, including a number of examples of devices, sensors and actuators, services and people that may be associated with such management systems and methods. From the foregoing description, it will be appreciated that devices and servers are involved in implementing such systems. By way of example, rather than limitation, an example of a (mobile) device 700 and a server 600 will now be described with respect to Figures 9 and 10, respectively.
  • an example networked object or terminal device which runs user interface 18 can be a mobile device such as the example mobile computing arrangement 700 which may include a processing/control unit 702, such as a microprocessor, reduced instruction set computer (RISC), or other central processing module.
  • the processing unit 702 need not be a single device, and may include one or more processors.
  • the processing unit 702 may include a master processor and associated slave processors coupled to communicate with the master processor.
  • the processing unit 702 may control the basic functions of the networked object or mobile terminal as dictated by programs available in the storage/memory 704.
  • the processing unit 702 may execute the functions described above to, e.g., enable friend devices to communicate with one another.
  • the storage/memory 704 may include an operating system and program modules for carrying out functions and applications on the mobile terminal.
  • the program storage may include one or more of read-only memory (ROM), flash ROM, programmable and/or erasable ROM, random access memory (RAM), subscriber interface module (SIM), wireless interface module (WIM), smart card, or other removable memory device, etc.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash ROM programmable and/or erasable ROM
  • RAM random access memory
  • SIM subscriber interface module
  • WIM wireless interface module
  • smart card or other removable memory device, etc.
  • the program modules and associated features may also be transmitted to the mobile computing arrangement 700 via data signals, such as being downloaded electronically via a network, such as the Internet.
  • One of the programs that may be stored in the storage/memory 704 is a specific program 706.
  • the specific program 706 may be a client application which interacts with the system 12 to, for example, receive and authorize friend requests, send task requests and receive task results, or display information about networked objects 10 with which the user has a friend, best friend or owner relationship.
  • the program 706 and associated features may be implemented in software and/or firmware operable by way of the processor 702.
  • the program storage/memory 704 may also be used to store data 708, such as the various authentication rules, or other data associated with the present example embodiments.
  • the programs 706 and data 708 are stored in non-volatile electrically-erasable, programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash ROM, etc. so that the information is not lost upon power down of the mobile terminal 700.
  • EEPROM electrically-erasable, programmable ROM
  • the processor 702 may also be coupled to user interface 710 elements associated with the mobile terminal.
  • the user interface 710 of the mobile terminal may include, for example, a display 712 such as a liquid crystal display, a keypad 714, speaker 716, and a microphone 718. These and other user interface components are coupled to the processor 702 as is known in the art.
  • the keypad 714 may include alpha-numeric keys for performing a variety of functions, including dialing numbers and executing operations assigned to one or more keys.
  • other user interface mechanisms may be employed, such as voice commands, switches, touch pad/screen, graphical user interface using a pointing device, trackball, joystick, or any other user interface mechanism.
  • the mobile computing arrangement 700 may also include a digital signal processor (DSP) 720.
  • the DSP 720 may perform a variety of functions, including analog-to- digital (A/D) conversion, digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, speech coding/decoding, encryption/decryption, error detection and correction, bit stream translation, filtering, etc.
  • the transceiver 722, generally coupled to an antenna 724, may transmit and receive the radio signals associated with a wireless device.
  • the mobile computing arrangement 700 of Figure 9 is provided as a representative example of a computing environment in which the principles of the present example embodiments may be applied. From the description provided herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is equally applicable in a variety of other currently known and future mobile and fixed computing environments.
  • the specific application 706 and associated features, and data 708, may be stored in a variety of manners, may be operable on a variety of processing devices, and may be operable in mobile devices having additional, fewer, or different supporting circuitry and user interface mechanisms. It is noted that the principles of the present example embodiments are equally applicable to devices which are non-mobile terminals, i.e., landline computing systems.
  • FIG. 10 An example of a representative computing system capable of carrying out operations in accordance with the servers or gateways of the example embodiments is illustrated in Figure 10. Hardware, firmware, software or a combination thereof may be used to perform the various steps and operations described herein.
  • the computing structure 600 of Figure 10 is an example computing structure that may be used in connection with such a system.
  • the example computing arrangement 600 suitable for performing the activities described in the example embodiments may include server 601 , which may correspond to any of servers or gateways described herein, e.g., PN AS 46 or gateway 30.
  • server 601 may include a central processor (CPU) 602 coupled to a random access memory (RAM) 604 and to a read-only memory (ROM) 606.
  • the ROM 606 may also be other types of storage media to store programs, such as programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), etc.
  • the processor 602 may communicate with other internal and external components through input/output (I/O) circuitry 608 and bussing 610, to provide control signals and the like.
  • I/O input/output
  • the processor 602 carries out a variety of functions as is known in the art, as dictated by software and/or firmware instructions.
  • the I/O circuitry 608 and bussing 610 can provide at least two network connections, i.e., one for the PN Cluster network, and one for the wide-area network.
  • the server 601 may also include one or more data storage devices, including hard and floppy disk drives 612, CD-ROM drives 614, and other hardware capable of reading and/or storing information such as DVD, etc.
  • software for carrying out the above discussed steps e.g., to establish friend relations between networked objects, may be stored and distributed on a CD-ROM 616, diskette 618 or other form of media capable of portably storing information. These storage media may be inserted into, and read by, devices such as the CD-ROM drive 614, the disk drive 612, etc.
  • the server 601 may be coupled to a display 620, which may be any type of known display or presentation screen, such as LCD displays, plasma display, cathode ray tubes (CRT), etc.
  • a user input interface 622 is provided, including one or more user interface mechanisms such as a mouse, keyboard, microphone, touch pad, touch screen, voice-recognition system, etc.
  • the server 601 may be coupled to other computing devices, such as the landline and/or wireless terminals and associated watcher applications, via a network.
  • the server may be part of a larger network configuration as in a global area network (GAN) such as the Internet 628, which allows ultimate connection to the entities described above.
  • GAN global area network
  • Figure 11 depicts a flowchart which illustrates a method of managing networked objects according to an example embodiment.
  • friendship relationships are established between a plurality of networked objects, each of the plurality of networked objects being associated with a user.
  • the network management system receives a task request at step 1 102.
  • the network management system assigns the requested task to one of the plurality of networked objects which has a capability to perform the requested task and which has an established friendship relationship with the user.
  • generalized systems and methods for networking objects using social mapping principles can operate as shown in the flowchart of Figure 12.
  • a user joins and installs the service and creates a profile that reflects the identity of the user.
  • Data for the user profiles could be imported or aggregated from existing user profiles of known web-based social network services such as Facebook, MySpace, and Linkedln, or from the users' data connected to a subscription with an operator. Groups of users could be created among users living within the same household, or other attributes that the user has decided to share.
  • User profiles can be made visible and linked with the profiles of other users of a group if the users wish to do so.
  • the system collects data from objects which are presently networked together and unique entity profiles for each device are created (based on, for example, the kind of device, its functionality, brand characteristics, location, etc.).
  • the users connect their own system entity to system entities of networked objects, for example by creating a connection through the client application user interface or physically bringing together NFC/RFID enabled devices.
  • the objects' system entities connect to each other's profiles, i.e., establish a level of friendship relation as described above, either automatically (based on the kind of device, its functionality, brand, location, etc.) or as managed by a user (authorized to do so and that has connected his/her user profile to the device) at step 1204.
  • System Entity B other system entities that System Entity A already has a relation to can also establish a relation with System Entity B, and vice versa.
  • the system sends data about the new relation to already connected system entities associated with both A and B, optionally filtered by criteria such as device capabilities, brand, location etc.
  • the new system entity (A or B in this example) can respond to such queries e.g. by auto-confirmation, thereby establishing a relation to the existing devices.
  • all such connections can be manually managed in the user's client application, or the user could define a set of rules for auto-confirmation.
  • such relations may have a temporal characteristic or parameter.
  • temporary relations to system entities such as those associated with borrowed or rented networked objects, or guest-users can be set up for a specific period of time, alternatively based on the proximity of another specific user, within a certain area, along a certain route or other criteria.
  • the temporary connected entities will then only be available when fulfilling the pre-defined criteria mentioned above, and the system entity is otherwise inaccessible, although it may still be visible to the temporary connected system entities.
  • a temporary connection can be approved- or initiated by the system or by the
  • embodiments may have reciprocal presence in each other's profiles.
  • Information about status, logged activities, other connections, mutual connections etc. can be made available for connected users and system entities.
  • the user, or a networked object's system entity can for example send data or a notification that calls for a certain response, to the system or to a specific system entity or group of system entities.
  • Each system entity can be made aware of its connected system entities profiles, including but not limited to data about their functionality, dependencies, current status as well as previous and future planned (timer set) events, capabilities, mandate and responsibilities. This enables functionality and interaction such as that exemplified by the TV and the video recorder scenario described above.
  • step 1206 which indicates that all of this type of information can be shared among those networked objects 10 which are, at least, friends with one another.
  • example embodiments provide intuitive, understandable and unified interaction with networked devices and services as well as between their users, owners, manufacturers, vendors or providers. Such embodiments support and enhance the users' conceptual understanding of a digital network, as well as provide easy access to each device and service via a user interface. Example embodiments greatly ease the configuration, monitoring, maintenance and management of networked products and services and can also help make home automation more intelligent and transparent, but at the same time understandable and non-intrusive for the users.
  • Manufacturers can submit data to the system that for example define what kind of expression and behavior system entities of a certain product should have, and also what kind of relationship it should have with other system entities that are related to or affiliated via the brand of their manufacturers.
  • FIG. 13 depicts another system architecture that includes a resource management node 1300 that manages a plurality of resource nodes 1330 connected to at least one network 1380 (e.g., a personal network (PN), a public network (Internet), etc.) using operations and methods according to some embodiments.
  • PN personal network
  • Internet public network
  • the resource nodes 1330 can include, but are not limited to, electronic devices 1340, electronic sensors and controllers 1350, electronic social entities 1360, and electronic services 1370.
  • Example electronic devices 1340 can include televisions, mobile communication terminals, cars, computers, network attached storage (NAS), game consoles, personal video recorders (PVRs), and set-top boxes (STBs).
  • Example electronic sensors and controllers 1350 can include security systems, temperature controllers, light controllers, water controllers, electricity controllers, humidity controllers, and/or door lock controllers.
  • Example electronic social entities 1360 can include computer systems that provide social community interactions between users, such as Facebook, MySpace, and Linkedln, SecondLife, and on-line gaming applications.
  • Example electronic services 1370 can include computer systems that provide banking services, telecommunication services, car rental services, car repair services, travel services, and accommodation services.
  • the 1300 is configured to manage interactions between users and the resource nodes 1330, and to manage data flows between the resource nodes 1330. Users may operate one or more user equipment nodes 1320 to provide instructions to, and receive information from, the resource management node 1300.
  • the user equipment node 1320 may correspond to the above- described user interface 18 of Figure 1, the above-described mobile device 700 of Figure 9, and/or any other user interface equipment operable by a user to provide instructions to the resource management node 1300 and/or to receive and display or otherwise communicate information from the resource management node 1300 to the user.
  • the resource management node 1300 can include a user profile database 1302, system entity database 1304, a system entity semantic description database 1306, interaction flow database 1308, a recommendation engine 1310, and/or an interaction execution engine 1312. Although separate functional elements have been illustrated within the resource management node 1300, one or more of the functional elements may be combined or may be split into two or more functional elements. Moreover, some or all of the functionality that is described as residing within one or more elements of the resource management node 1300 may alternatively or additionally reside within one or more of the resource nodes 1330 and/or within other components of the system. Accordingly, functional components of the resource management node 1300 can be separate from, and communicatively connected to, the resource nodes 1330 and/or some of the function components may reside within one or more of the resource nodes 1330.
  • database is used in a general sense to refer to a collection of digital data having known relational structures.
  • Example databases include low complexity data lists and higher complexity object-oriented relational data structures.
  • the system entity database 1304 contains (assembles) information that identifies communication (e.g., network 1380) addresses for the resource nodes 1330 and has associated metadata that identifies capabilities of the resource nodes 1330 (block 1502).
  • Information in the system entity database 1304 may be supplied by the resource nodes 1330 themselves, such as during an initialization process when a resource node is first connected to the resource management node 1300 via the network.
  • the information may alternatively or additionally be supplied by other entities 1322, such as application developers, device manufacturers, and/or device integrators.
  • the interaction flow database 1308 contains (assembles) information that defines data flows that are permitted between identified ones of the resource nodes 1330 and further defines associated triggering criteria for when identified ones of the data flows are to be performed (block 1504).
  • Each data flow can identify two or more resource nodes 1330 that are to be communicatively connected so that the data output of one resource node is provided as a data input to another resource node, and may connect the respective output and input interfaces of a plurality of resource nodes to provide a serial daisy chain or other connection architecture between the identified resource nodes.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 is configured to determine (block 1506) that one of the triggering criteria defined by the interaction flow database 1308 is satisfied and to respond by establishing (block 1508) the associated data flow between the identified ones of the resource nodes 1330.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may, for example, provide a daisy chain data flow through three resource nodes, by controlling the first resource node to output data having certain characteristics (e.g. data format, data content, etc.) to an input interface of the second resource node, control the second resource node to operate on the data and to output data having certain characteristics (e.g. data format, data content, etc.) to an input interface of the third resource node.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 can similarly initiate and control the flow of data between resources nodes and further control operations performed by the resource nodes on the data.
  • Figure 14 illustrates example information that can be displayed to a user, via the user equipment node 1320, to indicate that the identified resource nodes 1330 have been functionally grouped as friends in a Social Web of Things (SWoT), and to indicate that data flows can be established between them.
  • SWoT Social Web of Things
  • the resource management node 1300 has established a friendship relationship among various devices and applications that may be hosted on local computers, servers, and/or remote networked computer/servers.
  • the example devices and applications have established friendships include an alarm clock, a calendar application, a courier application, an electricity meter controller (e.g. configured to monitor power entering the user's home/business), and energy company application (e.g. configured to monitor the cost of power and/or to receive power control commands or money saving recommendations from energy company), home controllers (e.g. door locks, temperature thermostat, etc.), light controllers, a media server, a digital camera/camcorder, a map application, navigation application, and a rental service application (e.g. car rental and/or service).
  • electricity meter controller e.g. configured to monitor power entering the user's home/business
  • energy company application e.g. configured to monitor the cost of power and/or to receive power control commands or money saving recommendations from energy company
  • home controllers e.g. door locks, temperature thermostat, etc.
  • light controllers e.g. door locks, temperature thermostat, etc.
  • media server e.g. door locks, temperature thermostat, etc.
  • the system entity database 1304 contains information that identifies communication (e.g., network) addresses for each of the resource nodes 1330 of Figure 14 and metadata that identifies their respective capabilities (e.g., functional capabilities, data input/output format(s), data content characteristics, performance characteristics, etc.).
  • the interaction flow database 1308 contains information that defines data flows that are permitted between identified ones of the resource nodes 1330 of Figure 14 is and further defines associated triggering criteria for when identified ones of the data flows are to be performed.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 is configured to selectively establish the data flows between identified ones of the resource nodes 1330 of Figure 14 in response to determining that associated triggering criteria defined by the interaction flow database 1308 are satisfied.
  • example embodiments make data flows through resource node intuitive to understand and manage by users.
  • Example embodiments utilize a recognizable resemblance to a social network in order to enable users to form a holistic mental model of potentially large numbers of networked resource nodes with simultaneous interconnections and interrelations with each other.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 is configured to generate recommended data flows between particular resource nodes 1330, and to provide the recommended data flows to the user for acceptance.
  • the recommended data flows may be based on known characteristics of the user (e.g., personalized for the user), which may be recorded in the user profile database 1302, and/or ' may be the capabilities of the resource nodes 1330.
  • Figures 16-18 illustrate example information that can be displayed to a user to authorize and establish data flows between resource nodes according to example
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 determines that one or more lights have been left on more than a threshold time and responds by
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may reside within the light controller or reside on a networked computing device that communicates with the light controller.
  • the user equipment node 1320 can include a touch sensitive screen that allows a user to touch select one or more defined objects (e.g. buttons) that are displayed on the screen.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 determines, using information from the interaction flow database 1308, that a data flow has been established between the light controller and a surveillance camera. In response to the triggering event, the interaction execution engine 1312 communicates another message to the user equipment node 1320 that displays information 1704 that queries whether the user wants to view a picture/video from the security camera to observe a room which may include the controlled lights.
  • Figure 17 also shows a natural language message 1710 that identifies a recommended data flow relating to the washing machine and provides an explanation of the functional capabilities that will be provided by the recommended data flow if accepted by the user.
  • the recommended data flow may be generated by the recommendation engine 1310 using information from the system entity database 1304 which identifies capabilities of the washing machine, the electricity controller, the energy company controller interface, and the alarm clock.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 has determined from information in the interaction flow database 1308 that the recommended data flow does not presently exist.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 has further determined that the price of electricity can be obtained in real-time from the energy company controller interface, that the electricity controller can control the start time of the washing machine, and determined that the electricity controller can use the price of electricity and a planned wake-up alarm time defined in the alarm clock to make decisions for when the washing machine should be started.
  • the user has selected the illustrated "yes" button, which serves as a triggering event that causes the recommendation engine 1310 to add information to the interaction flow database 1308 that identifies the recommended data flow from the energy company controller interface to the electricity meter, from the alarm clock to the electricity meter, and from the electricity meter to the washing machine.
  • the information also identifies the triggering criteria that is used by the interaction execution engine to establish the recommended data flow, which may include when the price of electricity falls below a defined threshold value and/or a threshold time duration before a wake-up time defined by the alarm clock.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 determines when the triggering criteria is satisfied (e.g., price of electricity has dropped below the define threshold value and/or less than a defined length of time remains before the wake-up time) and responds by turning on the washing machine.
  • the triggering criteria e.g., price of electricity has dropped below the define threshold value and/or less than a defined length of time remains before the wake-up time
  • 1312 can display a message 1800 confirming the user's acceptance of the recommended data flow, and can further display a messages 1802 and 1804 confirming establishment of the data flow with the electricity meter and the alarm clock, respectively.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 can be configured to determine from the system entity database 1304 when the data formats used to communicate between two or more of the resource nodes of a data flow are not compatible. The interaction execution engine 1312 can respond to the determination by using transcoding information that is defined in the system entity semantic description database 1306 to transcode data that is output by one of the resource nodes into a format that is compatible with the input of another one of the resource nodes to provide compatible communications. In this manner, communications between a greater number of resource nodes 1330 is enabled, and a data flows can then be created between those resource nodes 1330 to provide increased functionality for a user.
  • Metadata in the system entity database 1304 is used to generate (block 1902) a recommended data flow between at least two of the resource nodes.
  • a message is communicated (block 1904) to the user (e.g., the user equipment node 1320) that identifies the recommended data flow for acceptance by the user.
  • Further information is added (block 1906) to the interaction flow database 1308 that identifies the recommended data flow between the lease to resource nodes and associated triggering criteria is used to establish the recommended data flow, in response to receipt of a user response indicating acceptance of the recommended data flow.
  • Figure 20 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations 2000 for excluding incompatible resource nodes from any recommended data flow according to an example embodiment.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 can determine (block 2002) which resource nodes have compatible data formats.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 can then exclude (block 2004) from any recommended data flow two or more resource nodes that would be communicatively connected but have incompatible data formats.
  • Figure 21 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations 2100 for tracking popularity of data flows with other users and communicating an indication of the popularity of a recommended data flow to a user according to an example embodiment.
  • recommendation engine 1310 can track (block 2102) what data flows are popular with other end-users. Recommendation engine 1310 can further determine (block 2104) that the recommended data flow corresponds to one of the tracked data flows that are popular for use by other end-users, and can communicate (block 2106) information indicating the determined popularity of the recommended data flow as part of the message to the user. The popularity information can improve the user's ability to select more productive/enjoyable functional data flows which have been operationally confirmed by other users. [0111] In some embodiments, the recommendation engine 1310 communicates with an interaction flow designer 1324 to receive one or more recommended data flows that are defined between at least two of the resource nodes.
  • the interaction flow designer 1324 may be a user and/or electronic component having an access rights level that allows creation of data flows which define how applications and/or connected resource devices will
  • recommendation engine 1310 communicates the received one or more recommended data flows to the user equipment node 1320 for acceptance.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 responds to one or more messages indicating the user's acceptance of a selected one or more of the recommended data flows by adding information to the interaction flow database 1308 that identifies the selected one or more of the recommended data flows and establishes the associated data flows and triggering criteria used by the interaction execution engine 1312 to establish the one or more of the recommended data flows.
  • the user profile database 1302 contains information that identifies what data flows identified by the interaction flow database 1308 have been accepted by the user.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 is further configured to generate the recommended data flow using the user profile database 1302, the system entity database 1304, and the interaction flow database 1308 to identify which resource nodes the user can access and identify at least one new data flow between user accessible ones of the resource nodes.
  • the at least one new data flow is different than other data flows that are active for the user. Accordingly, the recommendation engine 1310 communicates the at least one new data flow as the recommended data flow to the user equipment node 1320 for acceptance by the user.
  • the user profile database 1302 contains information identifying user access credentials that are used to access corresponding ones of the resource nodes.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 is further configured to restrict the recommended data flow to being with the resource nodes having corresponding user access credentials identified by the user profile database. Accordingly, data flows are not offered to the user when the user's access credentials do not allow access to one or more of the resource nodes that would be involved in the data flows.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 may be configured to test the user access credentials to confirm that the interaction execution engine 1312 can establish a data flow between corresponding resource nodes before adding the recommended data flow to the interaction flow database 1308.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may be configured to use the user access credentials identified by the user profile database 1302 to connect when establishing a data flow between corresponding resource nodes.
  • Data for the user profile database 1302 may be imported or aggregated from existing user profiles of known web-based social network services such as Facebook, MySpace, and Linkedln, SecondLife, and on-line gaming applications, or from the users' data connected to a subscription with an operator. Groups of users could be created among users living within the same household, or other attributes that the user has decided to share. User profiles can be made visible and linked with the profiles of other users of a group if the users wish to do so.
  • Figures 22-24 illustrate example information that can be displayed to a user, on a touch sensitive screen of the user equipment node 1320, to manage resource nodes and data flows therebetween using friendship requests according to example embodiments.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 generates a friendship request 2200 for electronics within the user's car, another friendship request 2202 for electronics within a rental car, and another friendship request 2204 for the traffic monitoring server.
  • the requests 2200, 2202, and 2204 are displayed on the user equipment node 1320 for acceptance by the user.
  • the user accept, decline, or request more information from the recommendation engine 1310 by selecting correspondingly marked "Accept", “Decline”, or "More info" keys.
  • example information is shown that may be displayed on the user equipment node 1320 when the user has accepted friendship request 2200 from the user's car by selected the "Accept" button.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 can recommend to the user a data flow the established between a calendar application and the user's car and, if accepted, can add the data flow to the interaction flow database 1308.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 can establish the defined data flow to receive data from the user's car that identifies upcoming maintenance service events, and determine the user's availability for scheduling the maintenance service event using the user's schedule recorded in the calendar application.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may display a maintenance message
  • Figure 24 illustrates an example data flow recommendation message 2400 that the recommendation engine 1310 may communicate to the user equipment node 1320 for display to a user.
  • the data flow recommendation message 2400 identifies, using natural language formatted description, a first recommended data flow between a rental car and a media server device and a phone terminal that will enable movies and music to be streamed from the media server device in the fund terminal through an entertainment system in the rental car, and will further enable the entertainment system to be used for hands-free calling through the phone terminal.
  • the data flow recommendation message 2400 further identifies, using natural language formatted description, a second recommended data flow between the rental car, a map application, and a navigator application (e.g. street navigation application) that will enable driving routes and places that the user has stored in the map application to be used by the navigator to provide real-time driving instructions to the user.
  • a navigator application e.g. street navigation application
  • the system entity semantic description database 1306 can contain transcoding information that is used by the recommendation engine 1310 for transcoding data from one or more data flows to a natural language description for communication to the user.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may also use the transcoding information from the system entity semantic description database 1306 to transcode data in the established recommended data flow to a natural language description that is communicated to the user.
  • the user can establish a friendship status between the identified resource nodes by selecting the "Add All 4" button, or can select which of the resource nodes are to have friendship satisfy selecting the "Add some" button.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 adds the selected friendship relationships and associated data flows to the interaction flow database 1308. These relationships and data flows are temporary, with the interaction execution engine 1312 removing them from the interaction flow database 1308 in response to the map application and/or the navigator application determining that the rental car has been returned to the rental company and/or in response to occurrence of a defined elapsed time, time of day, and/or date.
  • the interaction execution engine 1312 may receive further information from the rental car indicating that it is ready be picked up at the identified rental company having the identified locations, and communicates a message 2402 containing that information to the user from another 1320 for display to the user.
  • Interaction flow information identifying a friend relationship between the at least two resource nodes and the associated triggering criteria is assembled (block 2404) (e.g. added to the interaction flow database 1308), in response to a message indicating the user's acceptance of the friendship request.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 identifies (block 2406) one or more further recommended data flows that can now be established between at least one of the resource nodes of the newly accepted friend relationship and at least one more resource node, in response to the message indicating the user's acceptance of the friendship request.
  • the recommendation engine 1310 communicates (2408) one or more further friendship requests to the user with information identifying the functionality that will be created for the user by the one or more further recommended data flows.
  • recommendation engine 1310 then assembles interaction flow information (e.g., added to the interaction flow database 1308) identifying the selected further friend relationships between corresponding ones of the further recommended data flows and the associated triggering criteria, in response to one or more messages indicating the user's acceptance of selected one or more of the further friendship requests.
  • interaction flow information e.g., added to the interaction flow database 1308
  • FIG. 26 is a flowchart depicting methods and operations 2600, which may be performed by the recommendation engine 1310, for managing data flows between resource nodes responsive to discovery of a newly connected resource node according to an example embodiment.
  • a resource node is discovered (block 2602) which has become newly connected to the network 1380 and has not yet connected with any of the resource nodes associated with the data flows defined in the interaction flow database 1308. It is determined (block 2604) that the discovered resource node communicates with a data format that is compatible with one or more of the resource nodes. Setup of one or more data flows between the discovered resource node and the compatible one or more resource nodes is initiated (block 2606) in response to the determination.
  • Figure 27 is a block diagram of example components that may be included in the resource management node 1300, one or more of the resource nodes 1330, and/or the user equipment node 1320 of the system of Figure 13 configured according to some embodiments.
  • the node 2700 includes one or more network interfaces 2710 (e.g., wired and/or wireless interfaces (cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.)) for connection to the one or more networks 1380, one or more processors 2720, and memory circuitry/devices 2740 that contain functional modules 2730.
  • network interfaces 2710 e.g., wired and/or wireless interfaces (cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.)
  • the processor(s) 2720 may include one or more data processing circuits, such as a general purpose and/or special purpose processor (e.g., microprocessor and/or digital signal processor).
  • the processor(s) 2720 is configured to execute computer program instructions from the functional modules 2730 in the memory circuitry/devices 2740, described below as a computer readable medium, to perform some or all of the operations and methods that are described above for one or more of the embodiments, such as the embodiments of Figures 1-26.
  • node When a node is referred to as being “connected”, “coupled”, “responsive”, or variants thereof to another node, it can be directly connected, coupled, or responsive to the other node or intervening nodes may be present. In contrast, when an node is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly coupled”, “directly responsive”, or variants thereof to another node, there are no intervening nodes present.
  • Like numbers refer to like nodes throughout.
  • “coupled”, “connected”, “responsive”, or variants thereof as used herein may include wirelessly coupled, connected, or responsive.
  • the singular forms "a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
  • the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
  • Example embodiments are described herein with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of computer-implemented methods, apparatus (systems and/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood that a block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions that are performed by one or more computer circuits.
  • These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer circuit, special purpose computer circuit, and/or other programmable data processing circuit to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, transform and control transistors, values stored in memory locations, and other hardware components within such circuitry to implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks, and thereby create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block(s).
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a tangible computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer- readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
  • a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium may include an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor data storage system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples of the computer-readable medium would include the following: a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM) circuit, a read-only memory (ROM) circuit, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) circuit, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and a portable digital video disc read-only memory (DVD/BlueRay).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • DVD/BlueRay portable digital video disc read-only memory
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer and/or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer- implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as "circuitry," "a module” or variants thereof.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un nœud de gestion de ressources (1300) servant à gérer une pluralité de nœuds de ressources (1330) reliés à au moins un réseau (1380). Le nœud de gestion de ressources (1300) comprend une base de données d'entités de système (1304), une base de données de flux d'interaction (1308) et un moteur d'exécution d'interactions (1312). La base de données d'entités de système (1304) contient des informations servant à identifier les adresses de communication utilisées pour les nœuds de ressources (1330) et les métadonnées associées servant à identifier les fonctionnalités des nœuds de ressources (1330). La base de données de flux d'interaction (1308) contient des informations servant à définir les flux de données qui sont autorisés entre les nœuds de ressources (1330) qui ont été identifiés et les critères de déclenchement associés définissant à quel moment les flux de données qui ont été identifiés doivent être exécutés. Le moteur d'exécution d'interactions (1312) est configuré pour déterminer lequel des critères de déclenchement définis par la base de données de flux d'interaction (1308) est vérifié et pour répondre en établissant le flux de données associé entre les nœuds de ressources (1330) qui ont été identifiés. L'invention concerne également des procédés associés permettant de gérer une pluralité de nœuds de ressources (1330) reliés à au moins un réseau (1380).
EP11776861.4A 2011-09-27 2011-09-27 Gestion des flux de données échangés entre les n uds de ressources en réseau d'un web social Ceased EP2761540A1 (fr)

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PCT/IB2011/002259 WO2013045964A1 (fr) 2011-09-27 2011-09-27 Gestion des flux de données échangés entre les nœuds de ressources en réseau d'un web social

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JP2015507230A (ja) 2015-03-05
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CN103975345B (zh) 2018-05-11

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