EP2758727A2

EP2758727A2 - Refrigeration machine

Info

Publication number: EP2758727A2
Application number: EP12822960.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gunter Krauss
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-09-21
Filing date: 2012-09-20
Publication date: 2014-07-30
Also published as: DE102012107246A1; WO2013041091A3; WO2013041091A2; DE112012003934A5; DE202012102972U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a refrigeration machine, by means of which refrigerant in the form of air is compressed and expanded and thus cools off. Said refrigeration machine (1) includes at least one longitudinally extending or curved pressure chamber (D) and one or more occluding means (6) for continually occluding the pressure chamber (D) along the pressure chamber. The refrigerant can be fed to the pressure chamber at a specific pressure and temperature (T) and can be conducted within the pressure chamber (D) as the pressure chamber is continually occluded, the refrigerant being compressed as a result of the occluding action and being expanded in the direction of travel following the occluding action and thus cooling off to a temperature T1 < T.

Description

refrigeration machine

The invention relates to a refrigerator using air as a refrigerant. There are numerous refrigeration principles known, the most common being a so-called compression refrigeration machine.

Conventional compression refrigerators use the physical effect of the heat of vaporization when changing the state of aggregation from liquid to gaseous according to "Wikipedia." The compression refrigerators are equipped with a mechanical

Compressor (compressor) and a throttle body (eg expansion valve) equipped. Required are one compression and one expansion element and two

Heat exchanger, which are interconnected in a circuit such that the heat exchangers are switched on both sides between the compression and expansion element. In the cycle, the refrigerant vapor from the compressor (compressor) is sucked and compressed. In the downstream heat exchanger (condenser) condenses the refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant is passed to a throttle body and relaxed. During expansion, the refrigerant pressure decreases, the refrigerant cools and partially evaporates. In the second heat exchanger (evaporator), the refrigerant absorbs the supplied heat from the cooling space by evaporation. Of the

Compressor sucks in the evaporated refrigerant again and the cycle is closed.

Compression refrigeration systems are widely used in household refrigerators,

Freezers and freezers, dispensers, refrigerated warehouses, air conditioners, artificial ice rinks, slaughterhouses, breweries and the chemical industry. From refrigerant are usually ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons used. A disadvantage of these refrigerants is their physiological hazard

(Lung damage, with diethylene also narcotic effect) and their environmental harmfulness, as some halogenated hydrocarbons are responsible for ozone depletion.

Fluorinated hydrocarbons have a significant global warming potential.

Non-halogenated combustible hydrocarbons require explosion protection. Furthermore, conventional compression refrigerators make very expensive and it requires a lot of energy.

There are also environmentally friendly solutions in the form of so-called

Cold air systems known (www.verfahreningenieur, de / kaelteanlagen.html), in which the atmospheric air is used as a refrigerant. It is noted, however, that these systems have poor performance and require increased energy expenditure. It is further stated that such cold air machines can again find their way into the art with an improved air expansion process and are superior to the compression refrigerators at very low temperatures below 173 K (-100, 15 ° C).

For example, from the document DE 41 27 224 A1 discloses a method for

Refrigeration with air as refrigerant and refrigerant known. Here, the compression of the air takes place in one step and there is a re-cooling of the air in a direct cooler with cooling or cold water made drippable water separated, the air relaxed in a relaxation machine and the resulting snow deposited in a separator before entering the cold room. With the help of switchable

Recuperators should be the process with indirect internal heat exchange for low temperatures of the refrigeration applications feasible in freezing of moisture in alternation with the operating regime possible, including at least two recuperators are required. The air as a refrigerant is in a screw compressor with

Water injection almost isothermally compressed and cooled down directly in a pressure-side washer. Since the penetration of lubricating oil into the fluid can not be completely excluded, at the lower end of the washer a

Liquid separation with demister provided so that a separate injection water circuit with oil separator, injection water pump and injection water treatment is formed for the screw compressor. The screw compressor is a

Injection water cooler 19 assigned. The compressed air flows over one

Chimney tray in the actual washing part of the pressure-side washer and is directly cooled and washed by the coldest possible Rückkühlwasservorlauf in countercurrent. At the top of the pressure-side washer, a separation of the drippable water takes place by drop fine. By relaxing the thus processed air in the expansion machine, which is coupled depending on the type with or without gearbox on the drive motor of the screw compressor, temperatures can occur at high pressure ratio far below freezing, so that remaining moisture precipitates as snow by sublimation. This snow will be in mechanically separated from a snow separator and the snow melted in a water reservoir by indirect or direct heat supply with water injection. As a result, snow-free cold air reaches a cold room. On a similar principle is based in the document DE 195 07 920 C2

described solution in which also a screw compressor for

Compressing air as refrigerant is used. Both of the aforementioned solutions are very complicated and the screw compressors used for this purpose have a complicated structural design with their two-shaft system and are relatively expensive.

In "Refrigeration with cold air processes", HKW Hannover, 2002, a variant of refrigeration with the refrigerant air is described, with a complex motor-compressor expander unit is used at speeds up to 60 000 U / min.

The "VDP Position Paper energy-optimized air conditioning systems with alternative refrigerants - active environmental protection in modern rail systems", THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY, 30.01.2008, page 3 shows that air as a refrigerant by a special process control

can be implemented as standard, but that it can only be used with a very sophisticated aviation-derived technology with high investment costs. The object of the invention is to develop a chiller with air as a refrigerant, which has a simple and inexpensive structural design and works with high efficiency and environmentally friendly and does not pose health risks.

This object is solved by the features of the first claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

The refrigerating machine, with which a gaseous refrigerant, in particular air, is compressed and expanded, whereby the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced and thereby the refrigerant cools, according to the invention comprises at least one longitudinally or curved extending pressure chamber and one or more clamping means for advancing along the pressure chamber local clamping of the pressure chamber, the refrigerant at a pressure and a temperature supplied to the pressure chamber and compressed under the progressive Abklemmbewegung and after the clamping relaxed / expanded in the transport direction and thereby cooled to a temperature T1 <T.

The pressure chamber can be formed, for example, in a progressively partially detachable hose or a progressively partially detachable hose-like element.

Alternatively, the pressure space between a housing having a recess and one or more arranged in the recess sealed to this

Be formed elements, wherein by the / the clamping means / the elements in the recess, the cross section of the pressure chamber progressively partially clamping, can be pressed.

It has been found that between the chiller fed input air (preferably ambient air) and the exiting air, a temperature drop of over 40 ° C can be realized, which satisfies many applications.

The clamping means are preferably formed with a curved course of the pressure chamber in the manner of a rotor or attached to a rotor which is rotatably mounted on a rotating shaft and rotated by the pressure supplied to the hose refrigerant is rotated, whereby the shaft rotates which is rotatably mounted.

Preferably, two to four spaced apart clamping means for

Clamping the pressure chamber provided, which are formed on the rotor in the form of rotatable rollers or sliding shoes.

In the case of a linearly extending pressure chamber, the clamping means are preferably designed in the form of rotatingly mounted rollers.

The chiller has a simple structural design, because the only moving element is the rotor rotating with the shaft (with a curved course of the pressure chamber) with the clamping means or additionally accommodated on the rotor rotatably mounted clamping means in the form of rollers or at a linear course of the pressure chamber, the rotating rollers. Furthermore, no valves are needed.

The hose is supported on the outside of a housing on a contact surface and inside the Abklemmmittel are rotatably connected to the shaft and the shaft rotatable stored in the housing, the shaft output side with a consumer,

For example, a generator is in operative connection or can stand.

The arranged in the housing contact surface of the hose and / or the Abklemmmittel have in the direction of the hose Abklemmelemente, which are formed in the form of elevations and by which a reliable and complete or almost complete clamping of the hose is guaranteed.

The Abklemmelemente are preferably arranged at a small distance from each other and may be formed, for example in the manner of a toothing.

The tube is preferably received in a circular segment-like bend in the housing.

In a preferred embodiment, the chiller is essentially constructed in the manner of a rotary peristaltic pump, which is not driven by a drive motor, but by the compressed air, which is supplied to the hose and which instead of a drive motor has a load, preferably a generator.

The tube is at least in the area which is progressively clamped by the clamping means formed multi-layered and / or consists of several

nesting individual hoses, on the one hand to ensure the required flexibility and on the other hand, the required abrasion resistance and compressive strength.

In the case of a layered construction, the tube has at least one inner layer made of an elastic material which springs back outside the clamping point to its outer diameter and at least one outer layer consisting of a textile, flexible, abrasion-resistant and pressure-resistant material and a high bursting pressure withstand.

Alternatively, the tube can be composed of, for example, two individual tubes, wherein an inner first single tube consists of an elastic material which springs back outside the clamping point / n to its outer diameter. This is inserted into an outer second single tube made of a textile, flexible material. Silicone is preferably used as elastic hose material. The outer second single tube is preferably a pressure hose made of a flexible synthetic fiber fabric, which withstands a high bursting pressure. For a fire hose or a section of a fire hose has proven particularly advantageous because of the Fire hose up to a pressure of 50 bar is loadable. Alternatively, other thin-walled flexible pressure hoses can be used as an outer tube. As the refrigerant air (especially ambient air) is used, making the system is very environmentally friendly and has no health risks.

The cooled air flowing out of the refrigerating machine is supplied to a medium or fluid to be cooled, or passed into a space to be cooled (cold store, refrigerated counters, rooms and buildings to be air conditioned, etc.).

The chiller can also be arranged downstream of a heat exchanger with which another medium is cooled. The air is after the heat exchanger to the

Environment delivered or recycled in a circuit back to the chiller.

Before the chiller, a device for generating compressed air is arranged, which is preferably a compressor.

The consumer, who is coupled to the chiller, may be partial

Recovery of the energy required for the generation of compressed air. It was surprisingly found that with the coupling of a generator (consumer) a greater cooling of the pressure medium can be achieved than without switched generator (consumer).

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a chiller with toothed roller-like rotating clamping means, Figure 2 is the basic structure of a refrigerator with substantially smooth not

rotating clamps,

3 is a schematic diagram of a linearly extending pressure chamber in a hose-like element, FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of an embodiment, similar to FIG. 3, at the top with a roller not shown, at the bottom with the pressure chamber clamping roller, 5 shows a pressure chamber between a housing with a recess and one or more in the recess arranged sealed to this U-shaped elements in cross section,

6 shows a cross section of a variant in which the pressure space between two intermeshing U-profiles is formed, above with not shown roller, down with clamped pressure chamber,

Figure 7 shows a cross section of a variant in which a circumferentially closed cushion between two profiles is arranged, which by a Walte

be moved against each other, wherein the pressure chamber located in the cushion is disconnected continuously.

8 is a schematic diagram in which the cooled air is supplied to the environment,

Figure 9 shows the schematic diagram of a circuit, Figure 10 combined refrigeration systems.

According to Figure 1, the refrigerator 1, a housing 2, in which a hose 3a is inserted bent here by 180 ° and rests with its outer region on a correspondingly curved contact surface (trundle bed) 2.1 of the housing 2. Within the housing 2, a rotor 5 is mounted by means of an output shaft 4 and driven here in a clockwise direction. The rotor 5 has two clamped on this rotatably mounted by 180 ° to each other clamping means 6, which are formed in the form of rotatable rollers and the hose 3a partially compress. In order to ensure that the tube 3a is completely or almost completely disconnected, the housing 2 adjoins the contact surface 2.1 or formed in this first Abklemmelemente in the form of first elevations 7.1 in the direction of the tube 3a, which at close intervals to each other are arranged. The first elevations can be formed, for example, by a toothed belt (not shown), which bears against the contact surface 2.1 and whose toothing points in the direction of the hose 3a.

The clamping means 6 are provided at its periphery with Abklemmelementen in the form of second elevations 7.2, which are formed in the manner of a toothing. Between the tube 3a and the first and / or second elevations 7.1, 7.2 can in addition foil can be arranged (not shown), which protects the tube 3a from severe abrasion. The tube 3a here consists of two individual tubes in the form of a first inner single tube 3.1 made of silicone and an outer second

Single hose 3.2 in the form of a fire hose or a section of a fire hose.

FIG. 2 shows a variant of a refrigerating machine 1 in which elevations 7.1 are provided only on the bearing surface 2.1 of the housing 2 and on the output shaft 4 a rotor 5 with non-rotating clamping means 6 rounded in the direction of the tube 3a in the manner of sliding elements (sliding shoes) is arranged. Again, in

Arrow direction compressed air supplied with a temperature T, several times further compressed by the rotating clamped by 180 ° to each other clamping means 6 and then relaxed and flows with a colder temperature T1 from the chiller. 1

The hose 3a also consists in this variant of two individual tubes in the form of a first inner single tube 3.1 made of silicone and an outer second single tube 3.2 in the form of a fire hose or a section of a fire hose.

For required hose dimensions, which are not available as a fire hose or as an alternative to the fire hose, other external hoses can be used, which are flexible and fold flat when missing pressure (such as the fire hose) and withstand high bursting pressure. The fact that the silicone hose is supported on the fire hose (or another similar outer hose), the silicone hose can be provided with a smaller wall thickness, through which it is easier to press. Normally, the thinner wall thickness would not withstand high pressures, but the support on the fire hose makes it easy to use thin silicone tubing.

Of course, other single or multi-layer hoses can be used, which are flexible (preferably highly flexible), withstand high pressures and are suitable for the corresponding temperature range. The hose 3a is supplied in both variants in the arrow direction on the input side A compressed air (input air) from a compressor (not shown), which has a temperature T. The air presses against by means of the clamping means. 6

depressed area of the tube 3 and moves it in the direction of the arrow, causing the Rotor 5 and thus the shaft 4 is set in rotation. The elevations 7.1, 7.2 ensure a reliable disconnection of the hose 3. and a progressive movement of the clamped by the clamping means area of the tube 3. After the two Abklemmstellen relaxes the compressed air and cools down considerably. In one revolution of the rotor 5, the hose 3 is compressed four times in total by the two clamping means 6 offset by 180 ° from each other, thereby providing four compression and expansion stages for the refrigerant. The exiting the chiller 1 on the output side B air has a significantly lower temperature T1 than the input air (compressed air). Tests were carried out with a refrigerating machine according to FIG. 2, in which elevations 7.1 were present only at the contact surface of the hose 3a in the housing 2. With a compressor (not shown), which had a power of 1, 8 kW, the chiller was in the hose 3a in the direction of arrow incoming air with a pressure in the amount of 1, 3 bar (air volume 217 l / min) and a temperature t of + 20 ° C supplied. The exiting air had a temperature T1 of -14 ° C, so that a cooling of the air could be achieved by 34 °.

With an increase of the inlet pressure to 1, 8 bar (air volume 632l / min), the temperature of the inlet air t1 was reduced from + 20 ° C to t1 = -22 ° C at the outlet of the chiller. Rotor speeds up to 1000 rpm were achieved. In a further experiment with a generator coupled to the output shaft 4, the input temperature of the input air was t = 10 ° C. After just 20 seconds, the air outlet temperature was t1 = - 33 ° C. The generator connected here indicated a power of 50 watts. The temperatures achieved in the experiments T1 of the refrigerator 1

escaping air remained constant at the same inlet pressures.

FIG. 3 shows a linearly extending refrigerator in which a hose-like element 3b (alternatively also a hose) is clamped against a housing 2 or a contact surface in a progressive linear movement by two rotating clamping means 6 in the form of rollers. That on the

Input side A with a pressure and a temperature T1 inflowing cold medium (preferably air) occurs on the output side B by compressing and relaxing with a lower temperature T1 off. Again, the clamping means 6 are driven by the pressure of the refrigerant.

According to FIG. 4, the hose-like element 3b can, for example, rest on a housing 2 or a contact surface and can be folded bellows-like in cross-section or be partially collapsible in the manner of a folding mechanism. The illustration in Figure 4 above shows the variant in which the pressure chamber D is open and the representation below the variant in which the pressure chamber D is closed / clamped. The roller 6 moves to this, as shown in Fig. 3, along the pressure chamber D and pushes or folds the hose-like element together. Due to the pressure acting in pressure chamber D, the tubular element 3b then moves apart again. The tubular element has two opposing parallel sides, one of which rests against the housing 2 and the roller 6 acts on the other. The two other sides are here in each case kinked in the direction of the pressure chamber D, so that they buckle towards one another when the element 3b is compressed by the roller 6.

In particular, the side against which the roller rests, the folding tube can consist of a wear-resistant and abrasion-resistant material. It can be made entirely of steel or spring steel, carbon, aramid material or plastic on the soft side of the clamping means 6 or only on the side.

It is also possible, the side on which the Abklemmmittel 6 acts and to manufacture the voltage applied to the housing 2 side of these materials and the intermediate fold-like region of another material in the manner of a membrane to produce, so that this easily can be squeezed when disconnecting.

Another variant is shown in Figure 5 in cross section. It is in one

Recess of a housing 2 at least one in the direction of the bottom of the recess by means of at least one clamping means 6 (roller) can be pressed displaceable element 3c, which is sealed to the housing. The pressure space D is thus formed between the recess and the element 3c. This is formed in the manner of a U-profile, whose mutually parallel legs are guided in the housing 2 and wherein between the legs of the roller dips.

According to FIG. 6, two U-profiles 3c and 3c 'run into one another, their mutually parallel legs pointing in the direction of the roller 6 and the roller 6 immersed therebetween. Between the two U-profiles 3c, 3c 'is according to the upper illustration of Pressure chamber D formed. The outer profile 3c is supported on the housing 2 with its side connecting the parallel legs. When the roller is moving towards

Housing and axially progressively moved, it pushes the inner profile 3 c 'in the direction of the voltage applied to the housing 2 profile, whereby the pressure chamber D is partially and axially progressively clamped according to the lower illustration in Figure 6. With a suitable choice of material should be ensured that outside the roller / n of the mutually parallel sides of the profiles again to form the

Move pressure chamber away from each other. In the illustration in FIG. 7, as in FIG. 6, a U-profile is attached to the housing 2 and its mutually parallel legs point away from the housing 6. Between the mutually parallel sides is a cushion 8 with a rectangular profile here

Direction to the housing 2 slidably disposed. Between the pad 8 and the U-profile 3 c, the pressure chamber D is formed. By means of the roller 6, the pad 8 is pushed into the profile and thereby the pressure chamber D partially and axially progressively clamped. This can, as shown by a wide U-profile 3c 'take place, which surrounds the pad 8 and on which the roller acts. The U-profile 3c 'has two mutually parallel legs, which point in the direction of the housing 2 and are guided on the legs of the U-profile 3c outside.

Also in the variants gem. FIGS. 3 to 7 may additionally be provided with elevations (preferably on the housing, which ensure reliable disconnection.

Of course, the profiles in Figure 6 and the profiles and the pad 8 are sealed in Figure 7 to the pressure chamber D accordingly.

According to FIGS. 8 and 9, the refrigerating machine 1 is supplied with compressed air at a temperature T by means of a compressor K and passed on from the latter at a low temperature T1 to a heat exchanger 20 with which another medium M is cooled. The air is shown in Figure 3 after the heat exchanger 20 with a temperature T2 to the

Delivered environment or supplied according to Figure 4 in a cycle back to the compressor K.

In FIG. 10, a consumer in the form of a generator G, which recovers part of the energy required for the generation of the compressed air, is coupled to the refrigerating machine 1. It was surprisingly found that with the coupling of the generator G (or another consumer) a greater cooling of the air can be achieved than without a generator connected.

It is also possible, as indicated in Figure 8, to combine several chillers 1 together. Here, by way of example, three chillers 1 (it may be less or more) were connected in series and together drive a generator G. Through the three chillers 1, a common shaft 4 leads to the generator G. Each

Chiller 1 is supplied with air at a temperature T with a generator, not shown here, and it flows colder air at a temperature T1. It is possible, if necessary, to operate only some or all chillers at the same time. This makes it possible to provide an extremely powerful and flexible system.

With the refrigeration machine according to the invention, the energy input to 1/6 of

Energy consumption required for conventional plants of the same capacity. The system has a very simple and very

inexpensive structural design. The previously existing prejudices against the use of cold air systems (low efficiency, not efficient, expensive, etc.) can be completely overcome for the first time with the inventive solution.

The invention makes it possible to revolutionize refrigeration and to replace the previous systems (in particular the compression refrigeration systems), in which mostly health and environmentally harmful refrigerants are used.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 chiller

2 housings

2.1 contact surface

3.1 inner first single tube

3.2 outer second single tube

3a hose

3b hose-like element

3c sliding element / U-profile

3c 'U-profile

4 output shaft

5 rotor

6 Clamping means

7.1 first increases 7.1

7.2 second increases 7.2

8 pillows

20 heat exchangers

A input side

B output side

D pressure chamber

G generator

K compressor

M medium

T temperature on the input side A

T1 temperature on the output side B

T2 temperature after the heat exchanger 20th

Claims

claims

Refrigerating machine (1) with which refrigerant, in particular in the form of air, is compressed and decompressed and thereby cooled, the refrigerating machine (1) at least one longitudinally or curved extending pressure chamber (D) and one or more clamping means (6) along the pressure chamber

has progressive clamping of the pressure chamber (D) and

that the refrigerant with a pressure and a temperature (T) can be supplied to the pressure chamber and under the progressive Abklemmbewegung the pressure chamber in the pressure chamber (D) is transportable, and

compressed by the clamping and

after the clamping in the transport direction expanded / expanded and thereby cooled to a temperature T1 <T.

Chiller according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure chamber is formed in a progressively disconnectable hose (3a) or a progressively disconnectable hose-like element (3b).

Chiller according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure chamber (D) between a housing (2) or a box-like part with a

Recess or contact surface (2.1) and one or more in the recess or bearing surface (2.1) arranged elements is formed and that by the / the clamping means (6) / the elements in the recess / on the

Contact surface (2.1), the cross section of the pressure chamber (D) progressing

clamping, can be pressed or that the pressure chamber (D) is formed between mutually displaceably arranged profiles which are partially movable towards each other by a roller such that the pressure chamber (D) is partially axially progressively clamped.

Chiller according to one of claims 1 to 3, that the / the clamping means (6) rotatably received at a curved extending pressure chamber on a shaft (4) and can be set by the supplied with pressure to the pressure chamber refrigerant in rotation / are.

5. Refrigerating machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the clamping means (6) are designed in the form of rotating rollers, rollers or sliding shoes. 6. chiller according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hose (3a) or the tubular element (3b) on a housing (2) on a contact surface (2.1) is supported and the clamping means (6) by means of one Shaft (4) are rotatably mounted. 7. chiller according to claim 6, characterized in that the shaft (4)

on the output side is operatively connected to a consumer or in and out of operative connection can be brought.

8. Refrigerating machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the housing (2) arranged contact surface (2.1) of the hose (3a) or the tubular element (3b) and / or the clamping means (6) in the direction of the hose (3) Abklemmelemente having, in the form of elevations (7.1, 7.2) are formed. 9. chiller according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is constructed substantially in the manner of a peristaltic pump, but by the refrigerant, which is supplied to the pressure chamber (D), can be driven and instead of a drive motor, a generator (G ) or another consumer.

10. chiller according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the hose (3a) or the tubular element (3b) at least in the region which is clamped, is formed of several layers and / or of several

consists of single hoses or single layers.

1 1. A refrigerator according to claim one of claims 1 to 10, characterized

characterized in that the tubular element has in cross-section two opposing regions which are formed like a fold and assign each other and buckle when disconnected.

12. Refrigerating machine according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the refrigerant is air or another gaseous refrigerant.

13. chiller according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the from the chiller (1) flowing refrigerant to be cooled

Medium / fluid (M) is fed or directed into a space to be cooled.

14. chiller according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the chiller (1) a heat exchanger (20) is arranged downstream and that the air after the heat exchanger (20) delivered to the environment or in a

Circuit again the chiller (1) is supplied.

15. A refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that in front of the refrigerating machine (1) means for generating compressed air (for example, a compressor) is arranged.