EP2757338A2 - Plattenwärmetauscher mit Zugstäben - Google Patents

Plattenwärmetauscher mit Zugstäben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2757338A2
EP2757338A2 EP14151386.1A EP14151386A EP2757338A2 EP 2757338 A2 EP2757338 A2 EP 2757338A2 EP 14151386 A EP14151386 A EP 14151386A EP 2757338 A2 EP2757338 A2 EP 2757338A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tension
main plates
heat exchanger
fluid
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14151386.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2757338A3 (de
Inventor
Richard Rusich
Michael R. Barone
Matthew William Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP2757338A2 publication Critical patent/EP2757338A2/de
Publication of EP2757338A3 publication Critical patent/EP2757338A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/005—Arrangements for preventing direct contact between different heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/20—Fastening; Joining with threaded elements
    • F28F2275/205—Fastening; Joining with threaded elements with of tie-rods

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to a plate heat exchanger, and in particular to a heat exchanger having tension ties as ports.
  • Plate heat exchangers are widely used in the commercial industry as a means of exchanging energy between two liquids.
  • the construction consists of a series of main plates having ribbed patterns on their surfaces and stacked one on top of the other. This arrangement forms channels between the plates through which the two liquids pass.
  • the main plates incorporate local depressions in the port areas which alternately block off the flow passage from the port to the fin channels. In this way each port is hydraulically connected to every other fin channel.
  • Each plate is coated with a braze filler metal. The entire heat exchanger assembly is placed in a furnace where the filler metal is melted creating a metallurgical bond between the plates and forming a fluid seal.
  • Plate heat exchangers are subjected to stresses from internal fluid pressures. Stress resides in the main plates as the fluid pressure tries to separate each plate. The top plate and bottom plate provide some additional support and stiffness to resist the internal pressure. The load emanating from the fluid pressure in the vicinity of the ports is commonly called a plug load. The area immediately surrounding the port areas is inherently subjected to high stresses due to the reduction of material to form the port holes which must exist to allow fluid flow. However the rectangular shape of the heat exchanger does not function as an efficient pressure vessel. Material may be added to the top and bottom plates to increase strength, but adding the material also increases a weight of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the position tolerance of the ports is subject to the ability to maintain a repeatable and consistent stack height of the main plates. Small variations in the material thickness of the main plates (in the order of micrometers) will multiply by the number of main plates.
  • An 80 plate heat exchanger for example can differ in stack height from unit to unit by 2.03 millimeters (mm) if each main plate had a variation of just 0.00254 mm.
  • the resultant position tolerance of the ports can be 2.54 mm, for example. This large variation from unit to unit is unacceptable for installations where precision is critical, such as in aerospace applications.
  • Embodiments of the present invention include a plate heat exchanger which includes a stack of main plates having ridges and troughs to direct first and second flows of fluids through cavities between the main plates to exchange heat between the fluids while maintaining the first and second flows of fluids separate from each other.
  • the plate heat exchanger includes a first end plate stacked at one end of the stack of main plates and a second end plate stacked at an opposite end of the main plates.
  • One or more tension ties mechanically connect to each of the first and second end plates through the stack of main plates.
  • Embodiments of the invention further include a plate heat exchanger which includes a stack of main plates having ridges and troughs to direct first and second flows of fluids through cavities between the main plates to exchange heat between the fluids while maintaining the first and second flows of fluids separate from each other.
  • the plate heat exchanger includes a first end plate stacked at one end of the stack of main plates and a second end plate stacked at an opposite end of the main plates.
  • the plate heat exchanger includes a tension tie mechanically connected to the first end plate and the second end plate to resist a pressure exerted against at least one of the first and second end plates, the tension tie including a fluid fitting mount to receive a fluid fitting.
  • Embodiments of the invention relate to a plate heat exchanger having ports that are tension ties to provide support at the ends of the plate heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a plate heat exchanger 100 according to one embodiment.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 includes main plates 110 having ridged regions 111.
  • the ridged regions 111 may have a herringbone or chevron pattern to increase a surface area of the main plate 110 contacted by the fluid and to generate turbulence in the fluid.
  • FIG. 1 only three main plates 110a, 110b and 110c are illustrated for purposes of description. However, in a complete plate heat exchanger 100, the main plates 110 are stacked on top of each other between the bottom end plate 130 and the top end plate 120. Openings are formed in the main plates 110 at locations on the main plates 110 corresponding to the ports 150a and 150b.
  • the main plates 110 are provided, alternatingly, with protrusions or recesses surrounding the openings to alternate a fluid that enters a cavity between the main plates. For example, a first fluid may enter first, third and fifth cavities between the main plates, and a second fluid may enter second, fourth and sixth cavities. The fluids are maintained separate and exchange heat as they flow through the cavities.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 includes a first end plate 120, also referred to herein as a top end plate 120 for purposes of description.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 also includes a second end plate 130, also referred to herein as a bottom end plate 130 for purposes of description.
  • the top end plate 120 and bottom end plate 130 are positioned at opposite sides of the plurality of main plates 110. It is understood that although the terms "top” and “bottom” may be used for purposes of description, embodiments of the invention encompass a plate heat exchanger 110 having the first and second end plates 120 and 130 arranged with any spatial alignment relative to an earth plane. While FIG. 1 illustrates only one top end plate 120 and only one bottom end plate 130, embodiments of the invention encompass plate heat exchangers having seal plates and end plates instead of one integrated end plate at each end of the heat exchanger.
  • the illustrated top end plate 120 includes openings to receive the fluid fittings 150a and 150b, as well as two additional fluid fittings not shown in FIG. 1 . While particular shapes are used in FIG. 1 to represent the main plates 110, end plates 120 and 130 and fittings 150a and 150b, it is understood that these and other elements may have any desired shape.
  • the main plates 110 may have substantially rectangular, square, oval or any polygonal shape.
  • tension ties 140 are mechanically connected to each of the top plate 120 and the bottom plate 130.
  • the fittings 150a and 150b are set directly into the tension ties 140 rather than the top plate 120, such that vibration or movement of the top plate 120 does not substantially affect the stability of the fittings 150a and 150b.
  • the tension ties 140 resist the load and keep the top and bottom plates 120 and 130 together
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a side lengthwise view of the plate heat exchanger 100 having some main plates 110 omitted for clarity in description
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a side width-wise cut-out view of the plate heat exchanger 100.
  • the heat exchanger 100 includes the top end plate 120, bottom end plate 130 and main plates 110.
  • stacked main plates 110a and 110d are illustrated as being stacked adjacent to the top end plate 120
  • stacked main plates 110c and 110e are illustrated as being stacked adjacent to the bottom end plate 130
  • main plate 110b is illustrated as being located along center columns 141a and 141b of tension ties 140a and 140b, respectively.
  • main plates 110a-110e are merely representative examples of main plates 110 that are stacked to span the entire distance between the top end plate 120 and the bottom end plate 130.
  • the main plates 110 include openings 112, represented by the opening 112b in main plate 110b, to permit and direct fluid flow between the plates 110.
  • the bottom end plate 130 includes fasteners 131a and 131b.
  • Each tension tie 140a and 140b includes first connectors 144a and 144b, which may also be referred to as bottom connectors 144a and 144b, to connect to the fasteners 131a and 131b.
  • the tension ties 140a and 140b also include second connectors 143a and 143b, which may also be referred to as top connectors 143a and 143b, and center columns 141a and 141b that connect the bottom connectors 144a and 144b with the top connectors 143a and 143b.
  • the tension ties 140a and 140b include openings 142a and 142b that permit fluid flow into and out from the stack of main plates 110.
  • the top connectors 143a and 143b are configured to receive the fluid fittings 150a and 150c, such that an outer circumferential surface 151a and 151 c of the fluid fittings 150a and 150c contacts an inner circumferential surface 145a and 145b of the tension ties 140a and 140b.
  • the fluid fittings 150a and 150c also include conduits 152a and 152c to permit fluid flow from outside the fluid fittings 150a and 150c into and out from the stack of main plates 110.
  • the bottom connectors 144a and 144b of the tension ties 140a and 140b are connected to the fasteners 131a and 131b to mechanically connect the tension ties 140a and 140b to the bottom plate 130.
  • the connection of the bottom connectors 144a and 144b to the fasteners 131a and 131b may be a screw or other fastening mechanism, or may be merely a fitting of a slot onto a protrusion, which may then be brazed or welded to form a permanent connection.
  • Main plates 110 including the illustrated example main plates 110a-110e, are stacked between the bottom plate 130 and the top plate 120.
  • the top plate 120 is stacked on the top-most main plate 110a.
  • the fluid fittings 150a and 150c are inserted into the top connectors 143a and 143b of the tension ties 140a and 140b.
  • the connections between the tension ties 140a and 140b and the bottom plate 130, between the bottom plate 130 and the bottom-most main plate 110c, between each of the main plates 110, between the top-most main plate 110a and the top end plate 120, between the tension ties 140a and 140b and the top end plate 120, and between the tension ties 140a and 140b and the fluid fittings 150a and 150c may be connected by brazing or by any other welding method or adhesive method.
  • the tension tie 140b includes openings 142b to permit the fluid F to flow out from the stack of main plates 110 into the channel 152c and out from the fluid fitting 150c.
  • the fluids in the stack of main plates 110 generates pressure outward against the bottom end plate 130 and the top end plate 120.
  • the tension ties 140a and 140b resist the pressure and maintain the top and bottom end plates 120 and 130 in position.
  • the tension ties 140a and 140b are connected directly to the fluid fittings 150a and 150c, stabilizing the fluid fittings 150a and 150c.
  • the center columns 141a and 141b of the tension ties 140a and 140b are solid, or include no passageway to permit the flow of fluid through the column 141 a and 141b.
  • the center columns 141a and 141b have an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of openings 112 in the main plates 110, allowing fluid to flow through the openings 112.
  • an outer diameter of the center columns 141a and 141b may be less than an outer diameter of the top connectors 143a and 143b.
  • the center columns 141a and 141b may have passageways to permit fluid flow through the center columns 141a and 141b and openings to permit the fluid to flow from the center columns 141a and 141b into either the openings 112 or directly into cavities between the main plates.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a connection between a tension tie 140 and the fluid fitting 150 and top end plate 120.
  • the fluid fitting 150 may include an outside surface 151 having a smaller outer diameter at a braze region 163, a larger outer diameter at a pilot region 164, and a recess 153, also referred to as a braze ring 153, located between the pilot region 164 and the braze region 163.
  • the outer diameter surface 151 of the fitting 150 is configured to fit within the inside diameter surface 145 of the tension tie 140.
  • the braze extends through the braze gap in the braze region 163 to maintain a strong connection between the fluid fitting 150 and the tension tie 140.
  • the top connector 143 of the top end plate 120 may have an inside surface 121 having a larger inner diameter at a braze region 161, a smaller inner diameter at a pilot region 162, and a recess 147, also referred to as a braze ring 147, located between the pilot region 162 and the braze region 161.
  • the outer diameter surface 146 of the tension tie 140 is configured to fit within the inside diameter surface 121 of the top end plate 120. During brazing, the braze extends through the braze gap in the braze region 161 to maintain a strong connection between the tension tie 140 and the top end plate 120.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates main plates 110a and 110d on which the top end plate 120 is stacked.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the opening 142 and center column 141 of the tension tie 140.
  • the braze rings 153 and 147 are controlled spaces where braze material is stored precisely. During brazing, the braze material flows through the braze regions 161 and 163 having predetermined widths to maintain braze strength.
  • the outer surface 151 of the fluid fitting 150, the inner surface 145 of the tension tie 140, the outer surface 146 of the tension tie 140 and the inner surface 121 of the top end plate 120 are all parallel to each other, both in the braze region 161 and in the pilot region 164.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrate tension ties according to some embodiments.
  • the tension tie 440 includes a top connector 443, a bottom connector 444 and a center column 441 between the top connector 443 and bottom connector 444.
  • the center column 441 includes openings 445 along the length of the center column 441.
  • the openings 445 may be small holes, for example. Fluid enters the top connector 443 and the center column 441 and exits from the holes 445 in the center column 441 into a stack of main plates of a plate heat exchanger.
  • the top connector 443 has an outer diameter that is larger than an outer diameter of the center column 441.
  • the top connector 443 does not include openings to permit fluid flow into an opening formed in stacked main plates. Instead, all of the fluid that flows into or out from the tension tie 440 flows through the holes 445 and the center column 441. In another embodiment, openings may also be provided in the top connector 443.
  • the center column 441 may have an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of a channel formed by openings in a stack of main plates, permitting fluid to flow to and from the holes 445 in the center column 441 and the channel formed by the openings in the stack of main plates.
  • the tension tie 540 includes a top connector 543, a bottom connector 544 and a center column 545 between the top connector 543 and bottom connector 544.
  • the center column 541 includes openings 545 along the length of the center column 541.
  • the openings 545 may be vertical slots, for example. Fluid enters the top connector 543 and the center column 541 and exits from the vertical slots 545 in the center column 541 into a stack of main plates of a plate heat exchanger.
  • the top connector 543 has an outer diameter that is larger than an outer diameter of the center column 541.
  • the top connector 543 does not include openings to permit fluid flow into an opening formed in stacked main plates.
  • the center column 541 may have an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of a channel formed by openings in a stack of main plates, permitting fluid to flow to and from the vertical slots 545 in the center column 541 and the channel formed by the openings in the stack of main plates.
  • the tension tie 640 includes a top connector 643, a bottom connector 644 and a center column 641 between the top connector 643 and bottom connector 644.
  • the center column 641 includes openings 645 along the length of the center column 641.
  • the openings 645 may be fluted slots, for example. Fluid enters the top connector 643 and the center column 641 and exits from the fluted slots 645 in the center column 641 into a stack of main plates of a plate heat exchanger.
  • the top connector 643 has an outer diameter that is larger than an outer diameter of the center column 641.
  • the top connector 643 does not include openings to permit fluid flow into an opening formed in stacked main plates.
  • the center column 641 may have an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of a channel formed by openings in a stack of main plates, permitting fluid to flow to and from the holes 645 in the center column 641 and the channel formed by the openings in the stack of main plates.
  • the tension tie 740 includes a top connector 743, a bottom connector 744 and a center column 741 between the top connector 743 and bottom connector 744.
  • the center column 741 may be a cylinder that includes openings 745 along the length of the center column 741.
  • the openings 745 may be small holes aligned to fin passages, or cavities between main plates, for example. Fluid enters the top connector 743 and the center column 741 and exits from the small holes 745 in the center column 741 into a stack of main plates of a plate heat exchanger.
  • an outer diameter of the center column 741 is substantially the same as an inner diameter of a channel formed by openings in a stack of main plates.
  • the center column 741 may have an outer diameter such that the center column 741 fits snugly in the channel formed by the openings. In such an embodiment, fluid may not be permitted to flow through the channel formed by the openings in the stack of main plates outside the center column 741. In other words, in one embodiment, substantially all of the fluid that flows in cavities between main plates in the stack of main plates flows directly out from or into the holes 745 and the center column 741. In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the center column 741 is bonded to an inner diameter of the openings in the main plates defining the channel by welding or brazing, thereby preventing fluid flow through the channel, other than through the center column 741.
  • tension ties are provided between a top end plate and bottom end plate of a plate heat exchanger.
  • the tension ties include fluid fitting mount portions to receive fluid fittings.
  • the tension ties include openings to permit fluid from the fluid fittings to flow into a main plate stack and out from the main plate stack.
  • the tension ties strengthen the plate heat exchanger while reducing the need to form the top and bottom end plates with extra material, thereby reducing a weight of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the fluid fittings since the fluid fittings are positioned inside the tension ties, the fluid fittings may be precisely located, even if the top end plate is subject to movement.
  • the thicknesses of braze material in critical locations is controlled to maintain a high and consistent braze strength.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP14151386.1A 2013-01-17 2014-01-16 Plattenwärmetauscher mit Zugstäben Withdrawn EP2757338A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/743,959 US20140196869A1 (en) 2013-01-17 2013-01-17 Plate heat exchanger with tension ties

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2757338A2 true EP2757338A2 (de) 2014-07-23
EP2757338A3 EP2757338A3 (de) 2015-07-15

Family

ID=49920278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14151386.1A Withdrawn EP2757338A3 (de) 2013-01-17 2014-01-16 Plattenwärmetauscher mit Zugstäben

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20140196869A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2757338A3 (de)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1498014A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-01-18 Srm Hydromekanik Ab Heat exchangers
GB2131111B (en) * 1982-12-02 1986-03-05 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Tube-in-shell heat exchangers
JP3159805B2 (ja) * 1992-10-12 2001-04-23 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 熱交換器
JP2000357531A (ja) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
US7017656B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2006-03-28 Honeywell International, Inc. Heat exchanger with manifold tubes for stiffening and load bearing
US20030145979A1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2003-08-07 Beddome David Wilson Heat exchanger having variable thickness tie rods and method of fabrication thereof
SE0202747L (sv) * 2002-09-17 2004-02-10 Valeo Engine Cooling Ab Anordning vid en plattvärmeväxlare
JP4742233B2 (ja) * 2005-05-13 2011-08-10 株式会社東芝 セラミックス製熱交換器
US20080053646A1 (en) * 2006-09-05 2008-03-06 Simon Martin Thermal expansion feature for an exhaust gas cooler
SE530574C2 (sv) * 2006-11-20 2008-07-08 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Plattvärmeväxlare
EP2227668B1 (de) * 2007-11-14 2018-12-26 SWEP International AB Verteilungsrohr
KR100981320B1 (ko) * 2008-04-18 2010-09-10 한국기계연구원 연료전지의 결합수단
JP5491079B2 (ja) * 2009-06-12 2014-05-14 日本特殊陶業株式会社 燃料電池システム

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

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Publication number Publication date
US20140196869A1 (en) 2014-07-17
EP2757338A3 (de) 2015-07-15

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