EP2755806B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en béton par technologie d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en béton par technologie d'impression 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2755806B1
EP2755806B1 EP12756071.2A EP12756071A EP2755806B1 EP 2755806 B1 EP2755806 B1 EP 2755806B1 EP 12756071 A EP12756071 A EP 12756071A EP 2755806 B1 EP2755806 B1 EP 2755806B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
layer
concrete component
water
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12756071.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2755806A1 (fr
Inventor
Asko FROMM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitaet Kassel
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Universitaet Kassel
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Publication date
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Priority to PL12756071T priority Critical patent/PL2755806T3/pl
Publication of EP2755806A1 publication Critical patent/EP2755806A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2755806B1 publication Critical patent/EP2755806B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
    • B28B7/465—Applying setting liquid to dry mixtures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a concrete component in 3D printing technology.
  • a plastic body by way of 3D printing known.
  • a mold with a vertically adjustable bottom is known, wherein the bottom is shifted to the layered structure of the body in the mold down.
  • the body may have undercuts, overhangs and cavities.
  • WO 2011/021080 A2 discloses a generic method for producing a concrete component in 3D printing technology.
  • Concrete components are known in a variety of shapes and sizes.
  • concrete was mainly used only in the construction of buildings, in particular buildings or bridges. Over time, however, the scope of concrete has certainly expanded.
  • machine beds are no longer made of a conventional concrete, such as has been used in the construction industry, in particular in the past, but made of special concrete, and here in particular UHPC concrete mixtures.
  • Such ultra-high-strength concretes are characterized, inter alia, by the fact that the components produced hereby have substantially smaller dimensions while achieving the same strength values as conventional concretes. This opens up the possibility of such concretes, as already stated not only to use for the construction of buildings, but for components that are highly complex in structure.
  • the object underlying the invention is therefore to provide a method for the production of structured concrete components with recesses and undercuts, which is inexpensive, and thus allows the production of small batches cost coverage, and also allows the production of concrete components of high accuracy.
  • the individual layers are applied to one another at specific time intervals, wherein the time interval depends on the progress of the setting process of the respective lower layer.
  • the prerequisite for the application of a further layer is that the lower layer has at least partially set. This is often the case even when the lower layer is wetted with water in the designated places. That is, the next mixture layer is applied with water immediately after the wetting of the previous layer.
  • a certain setting is therefore to ensure that when applying the further layer, the lower layer remains in its contour and does not differ due to the weight of the layer or layers above it from the predetermined contour, so prevents the lower layer passes.
  • make sure the layers are still one Having moisture that allows a material connection between the individual layers, so that a homogeneous component is formed.
  • the layer has a thickness of 0.05 to 5 mm, and preferably 0.1 mm, a relatively short time is needed for the setting process after spraying with water, so that after completion of the spraying process immediately at the other end of the layer, the next layer can be applied. Ie. It is a substantially continuous production possible.
  • a device for producing a concrete component which is composed of a plurality of superimposed layers of a dry mixture and at least one sand and a hydraulic binder
  • the topmost layer is mixed with water.
  • From the 3D printing technique is known to produce three-dimensional objects ( DE 10 2008 059 600 A1 ).
  • As printing material find such based on epoxy resin and polyamide use.
  • epoxy resin and polyamide in principle, there are no restrictions on the use of the heads for discharging the corresponding material.
  • Epoxy resin and polyamide are sprayed in the liquid or pasty state through nozzles that are so fine that a contour-sharp contouring of the component is possible.
  • the subject matter of the invention is not the production of components made of such epoxy resins or polyamides but rather the production of complex, structured components made of concrete.
  • For the production of concrete finds use at least sand, and a hydraulic binder, in particular Portland cement.
  • the mixture of a sand and a cement is not suitable without the use of forms so readily to produce a contour sharp structured Concrete component.
  • the device for producing the concrete component comprises two discharge heads, which are arranged movable in each case in at least one spatial direction on a frame, one of the discharge head the discharge of the dry mixture of sand and a hydraulic binder and the other discharge head the discharge from the water is used.
  • the discharge head for the dry mixture in at least one spatial direction is movable.
  • a three-dimensional mobility of the head is preferably provided, as already stated by the discharge head for the water, which is designed in particular as a spray head, the contouring of the individual layers and thus also the contouring of the layered expanded concrete component to be made. That is, the spray head is formed in the manner of a print head.
  • the discharge head is designed as a discharge chute, wherein the discharge chute has a slot-like discharge opening.
  • the discharge head designed as a discharge chute is moved at uniform speed over a base. Through the slit-like opening of the discharge channel, the dry mixture of hydraulic binder and sand is discharged as a layer on the base. Immediately afterwards, the layer is sprayed with water. Spraying the layer with water through the appropriately designed as a spray head or printhead Discharge head takes place according to the contour of the desired component. This means that the application of several layers one above the other creates a cuboidal body on the surface.
  • the discharge heads are advantageously also vertically movable. Alternatively conceivable, however, is also the pad on which the cuboid is built to lower accordingly.
  • the desired structural component In the cuboid is the desired structural component. Since the wetting with water only took place in the areas that ultimately form the structured concrete component, the remaining areas are not wetted with water. This means that there was no bonding to the concrete there. When the actual component is removed from the cuboid, a powder or granular residue remains on the mixture which has not set, solely due to the fact that certain surfaces of the layers have not come into contact with water. Cavities in the structured concrete component must be blown out or sucked out to expose the cavities, at undercuts, the mixture trickles down.
  • the layered structure of such a structured concrete component can essentially only take place in such a way that the respective last layer is not covered with any further layer after spraying with water until this layer sets to a certain extent Has. At low layer densities, this is relatively fast, so that a continuous application and wetting is possible. If the layered structure were to go too fast, ie without waiting for the setting of the individual layers, then the entire body would eventually diverge at a certain load of the lower layers.
  • a concrete component which has been produced by the method described above, characterized by one or more recesses z.
  • the crowd is in this case made of plastic or consists of liquid metal.
  • the mass in the cured state protrudes beyond the recess, so as to serve directly the connection with, for example, another concrete component.
  • Fig. 1 is the concrete component designated 1.
  • the concrete component 1 shows three superimposed recesses 2, which serve to receive a reinforcement.
  • the one recess is intended to extend in three spatial directions in order to make it clear which possibilities the method according to the invention opens up.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 2a now results in the structure in the region of the upper and middle recess 2, which extends obliquely in the concrete component.
  • the individual layers 5 of the concrete component in the region of the recess 2 are formed in a stepwise outward running manner then, after reaching the lateral apex of the approximately circular recess to converge upward again.
  • the production of the recess 2 is carried out in detail by the fact that, as already stated, the individual layers of the dry mixture are deposited on each other. The layers are wetted with water only where the layer is to set to form the concrete component.
  • layers of dry mixture are also located in the cavity to be formed, wherein the layers are supported above the horizontal vertex of a substantially circular recess on the underlying layers which have not been sprayed with water.
  • the dry, not hardened mixture located in the recess trickles out of the recess when the concrete part is picked up, or it is blown out.
  • the device according to Fig. 3 is characterized by a movable in three directions discharge head 10, which is designed as a discharge channel and which is arranged on a cross member 21.
  • the traverse 21 is held by two supports 22 which are displaceable on rails 23 in the direction of the arrow 25.
  • the traverse 21 is held vertically movable by the supports 22 (arrow 35).
  • the traverse 21 forms with the rails 23 and the supports 22, the frame 20.
  • At the discharge head 10 is designed as a spray head further discharge head 27, which serves for the discharge of water.
  • the discharge tray 27 movably arranged by the traverse in the direction of the arrow 30 and the discharge head 27 attached to the discharge chute and designed as a spray head are thus movable in three spatial directions.
  • the discharge head 10 designed as a discharge channel has on the underside a slot-like discharge opening 11 for the mixture of hydraulic Binder and sand on.
  • the spray head is used for contour-sharp spraying of water.
  • the procedure for producing a structured concrete part is as follows: First, a layer of the mixture of hydraulic binder and sand is applied to the substrate 7 through the discharge head 10 designed as a discharge channel. The layer is in plan view z. B. rectangular. Then the layer is sprayed with water according to the desired contour. After the layer has set or at least partially set so that it is stiff, in turn, a layer of the dry mixture is applied in a rectangular shape to this first layer. Then this layer is sprayed with water according to the desired contour of this layer. The whole process is continued in layers until the body is finished as a concrete part. Then the concrete part is lifted off the base. The unbound mixture dissolves from the concrete part or concrete body; Cavities in the concrete part can be excluded with compressed air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction en béton par impression 3D, dans lequel plusieurs couches (5) d'un mélange sec d'au moins un sable et d'un liant hydraulique sont déposées les unes sur les autres sur un support (7), où après l'application de chaque couche (5), de l'eau est ajoutée à la couche respective (5), où le contour de la surface à laquelle de l'eau a été ajoutée est corrélée avec la forme désirée de l'élément de construction en béton sur la hauteur de la couche (5) respective à appliquer, où lors de l'impression 3D, un ou plusieurs évidements ou contre-dépouilles sont formés dans l'élément de construction en béton, dans lesquels une masse liquide ou pâteuse durcissable est introduite après l'achèvement de l'élément de construction en béton,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la masse est une matière synthétique ou un métal.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les couches individuelles (5) sont appliquées les unes sur les autres à des intervalles de temps déterminés, où les intervalles de temps dépendent de l'avancement du processus de prise de la couche inférieure respective.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les couches (5) ont une épaisseur de 0,05 à 5 mm, de préférence 0,1 mm.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    à l'état durci, la masse fait saillie au-dessus de l'évidement (2).
EP12756071.2A 2011-09-14 2012-07-04 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en béton par technologie d'impression 3d Active EP2755806B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12756071T PL2755806T3 (pl) 2011-09-14 2012-07-04 Sposób wytwarzania elementu betonowego techniką drukowania przestrzennego (3D)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011113163A DE102011113163A1 (de) 2011-09-14 2011-09-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Betonbauteiles, sowie ein nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Betonbauteil
PCT/DE2012/000682 WO2013037338A1 (fr) 2011-09-14 2012-07-04 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un élément en béton et élément en béton fabriqué selon le procédé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2755806A1 EP2755806A1 (fr) 2014-07-23
EP2755806B1 true EP2755806B1 (fr) 2017-11-01

Family

ID=46801259

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12756071.2A Active EP2755806B1 (fr) 2011-09-14 2012-07-04 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en béton par technologie d'impression 3d

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9676119B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2755806B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011113163A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2649395T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2755806T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013037338A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013005891A1 (de) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Universität Kassel Generatives Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteiles mit mindestens einer Kavität, insbesondere durch 3D-Drucktechnik mit einem Sand- und einem Bindemittel
US20180093373A1 (en) 2015-04-12 2018-04-05 Imprimere Ag Concrete Printer and Method for Erecting Structures Using a Concrete Printer
AT518775B1 (de) * 2016-08-05 2018-01-15 Metallconcept Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung wenigstens eines dreidimensionalen Schichtkörpers für die Bauindustrie
EP3338917A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication additive d'une ébauche crue à partir d'une substance pulvérulente comprenant des éléments d'insertion à disposition définie
DE102017204674A1 (de) * 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gebäudeelement, Gebäude und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN108318381B (zh) * 2018-01-04 2020-04-28 河北工业大学 一种水泥基材料3d可打印性能的优化方法
DE102018110562A1 (de) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Universität Kassel Bauteil als Teil eines Bauwerks mit einem Anteil eines mineralisch abbindbaren, ausgehärteten Materialgemischs, insbesondere eines ausgehärteten Betonmaterialgemischs
DE102018116795B4 (de) 2018-07-11 2020-06-04 Kurt Seume Spezialmaschinenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Werkstücken
US10988909B1 (en) 2018-08-29 2021-04-27 RCAM Technologies, Inc. Additive manufacturing of support structures
EP3924159B1 (fr) * 2019-02-13 2024-09-04 Rcam Technologies, Inc. Procédé de fabrication d'ancres ventouses
CN112895058A (zh) * 2021-01-15 2021-06-04 北京工业大学 一种水泥基3d打印技术制作隧洞试验地质模型的方法
PT117286A (pt) * 2021-06-14 2022-12-14 Inst Politecnico De Leiria Sistema de deposição de pós configurado para o fabrico de objetos por fabricação aditiva e processo associado

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011021080A2 (fr) * 2009-07-24 2011-02-24 Monolite Uk Ltd Procédé et appareil pour la production rapide d'une structure de construction en aggloméré

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IL63067A0 (en) * 1980-06-20 1981-09-13 British Industrial Plastics Method of filling a cavity in a building block
US5204055A (en) 1989-12-08 1993-04-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Three-dimensional printing techniques
DE29824448U1 (de) 1997-05-14 2001-06-07 Buss Müller Technology GmbH, 56077 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers
ES2376237T3 (es) 2003-05-21 2012-03-12 Z Corporation Sistema de material en polvo termopl�?stico para modelos de apariencia a partir de sistemas de impresión en 3d.
WO2005023524A2 (fr) 2003-08-29 2005-03-17 Z Corporation Charges absorbantes d'impression tridimensionnelle
DE102004014806B4 (de) 2004-03-24 2006-09-14 Daimlerchrysler Ag Rapid-Technologie-Bauteil
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US7753103B1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2010-07-13 Rochester William R Centrally gated cast metal rotary friction plates and method of manufacture
ITPI20070108A1 (it) 2007-09-17 2009-03-18 Enrico Dini Metodo perfezionato per la realizzazione automatica di strutture di conglomerato
EP2063039A1 (fr) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-27 Technical University of Denmark Structure légères portante
DE102008059600A1 (de) 2008-11-28 2010-06-02 Schulz, Sven Bastiaen Werkstück hergestellt im Schichtbauverfahren und verstärkt durch ein Bauteil aus einem Material höherer Festigkeit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2755806A1 (fr) 2014-07-23
US9676119B2 (en) 2017-06-13
ES2649395T3 (es) 2018-01-11
US20140284830A1 (en) 2014-09-25
PL2755806T3 (pl) 2018-04-30
DE102011113163A1 (de) 2013-03-14
WO2013037338A1 (fr) 2013-03-21

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