EP2754980B1 - Circuit de réfrigération - Google Patents

Circuit de réfrigération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2754980B1
EP2754980B1 EP13425114.9A EP13425114A EP2754980B1 EP 2754980 B1 EP2754980 B1 EP 2754980B1 EP 13425114 A EP13425114 A EP 13425114A EP 2754980 B1 EP2754980 B1 EP 2754980B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
vapor
refrigerant
circuit
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13425114.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2754980A1 (fr
Inventor
Girotto Sergio
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ENEX Srl
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ENEX Srl
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Priority to PL13425114T priority Critical patent/PL2754980T3/pl
Publication of EP2754980A1 publication Critical patent/EP2754980A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2754980B1 publication Critical patent/EP2754980B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0016—Ejectors for creating an oil recirculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size

Definitions

  • FIG.1 1 it is shown a simplified diagram of a typical refrigerating circuit that uses R744 - carbon dioxide or CO 2 - as the cooling fluid or working fluid or for simplicity refrigerant.
  • at least one compressor 1 sucks the refrigerant in vapor state from at least one evaporator 6 and compresses it to high pressure further entering it in a heat exchanger 2, condenser or gas cooler, in which the refrigerant rejects heat, for example, to outside air.
  • Downstream of said heat exchanger 2 is present a device intended for a first stage of throttling, consisting on a high pressure controlling valve 3, outbound from which the two-phase refrigerant, vapor and liquid, is entered into a liquid / vapor separator tank 4.
  • the refrigerant in liquid state is conveyed through one or more throttling valves 5 for feeding one or more evaporators 6, while the fraction of refrigerant fluid in vapor state, the so-called flash vapor, is subjected to a further expansion down to lower pressure of the cycle, in order to maintain the pressure in said separator 4 below of a desired maximum value.
  • One back pressure regulating valve 13 is included, for this purpose, in the circuit and it is configured for controlling the pressure in the separator 4.
  • the inlet port of above mentioned valve 13 is connected to the upper part of the separator 4, that is the zone in which vapor is present, while the output section is connected to the low pressure side of the circuit, for example to the suction port of the at least one compressor 1.
  • This first solution has the problem of high fraction of refrigerant dissolved in the oil separated in the high pressure, and thus a relevant foaming appears as soon as the mixture of oil and refrigerant fluid is entered in the crankcase of the compressors and is then subjected to a rapid depressurization, a phenomenon which reduces the effectiveness of the lubrication.
  • the alternative solution consists on injection of the mixture of oil and refrigerant, separated in one high pressure oil separator, into an intermediate tank intended to accumulate the oil.
  • the degassing that is the pressure reduction to release part of the refrigerant dissolved in the oil, occurs and from this storage tank, the oil, or the mixture oil/refrigerant with a lower content of the refrigerant fluid, is further sent to the compressors.
  • the pressure must be reduced down to a limit value higher or equal than the highest value between the two suction pressures.
  • the present invention discloses a simple and innovative method intended to solve the problem exposed and realizes a refrigerating circuit that allows operation according to a cycle with economizer.
  • the circuit considered, as in fig.2 includes at least one compressor 1 connected on the suction side to the outlet duct of at least one evaporator 6, being the above mentioned compressor 1 configured to suck the refrigerant in vapor state from the low pressure side of the refrigerating cycle and said compressor 1 is also connected on the discharge side to one high pressure heat exchanger 2.
  • a first throttling valve 3 controlling upstream high pressure and configured to control the high pressure of the cycle according to a known technique, for example but not exclusively in such a way to maximize the ratio between the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerating system to the hot sink, for example the outside air, or in an equivalent manner the amount of heat removed from the cold source, and the energy consumption for the compression of the refrigerant fluid.
  • the above mentioned regulating valve 3 can be controlled, according to a known technique, in order to maintain the high pressure of the cycle to an optimum value and dependent on the operating conditions.
  • This regulating valve 3 is also inserted in the circuit between the heat exchanger 2 and the liquid/vapor separator tank 4, being said valve 3 configured to enter the two-phase refrigerant, vapor and liquid, in the liquid/vapor separator 4 located downstream.
  • the lubricating oil used for the compressor/s 1 is of type non-miscible or partially miscible with the liquid refrigerant. Reference is made, for example but not exclusively, to the pair refrigerant / lubricant R744 / PAG (polyalkylene glycol).
  • the above mentioned pair refrigerant / lubricant has a solubility curve similar to the one shown in fig.3 and the oil is then defined partially miscible with the refrigerant CO 2 or R744.
  • the fraction of CO 2 in excess is separated in a phase rich of refrigerant or consisting on pure refrigerant.
  • the PAG oil used in the example has a density of about 1020 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 0°C and density is increasing with decreasing of temperature. For example at -10°C the density is about 1050 kg/m 3 , while the liquid refrigerant R744 has a density, also increasing with the decrease of temperature, of about 925 kg/m 3 at 0°C and about 980 kg/m 3 at-10°C.
  • the gradient of density as a function of the temperature is therefore approximately - 3 kg/(m 3 *K) for the oil and -5.5 kg/(m 3 *K) for the refrigerant fluid CO 2 in saturated liquid state.
  • the temperature at which the density of the CO 2 refrigerant liquid exceeds that of the oil is about -30°C.
  • liquid/vapor separator tank 4 Due to the above there will be in the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 a separation between the refrigerant/oil phase rich of oil and the refrigerant/oil phase rich of refrigerant, at the limit practically pure refrigerant as in the example, due to different densities in a certain range of pressure/temperature.
  • the range of temperature between -30°C and +30°C, widely includes operational envelope of the refrigerating system characterized by the circuit object of the present invention, as, for example, saturation temperature in the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 may vary, in practical applications between -5 and +10°C.
  • the oil-rich phase will settle at the bottom of the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 and the separation of the two phases may be enhanced by an appropriate configuration of said tank 4, for example but not exclusively by the positioning of the inlet and outlet of refrigerant and oil to appropriate levels, and therefore for example but not exclusively discharging the oil from the bottom of the separator 4 and distributing the refrigerant to liquid line from a port at a higher level.
  • the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 is configured for feeding of the evaporators with liquid refrigerant, taken from the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 to a sufficiently high level so as to avoid carrying the oil-rich phase to the evaporators, while a pipe 8 connects the upper part of the tank 4 with an oil storage tank 10 configured for separation of the oil from the refrigerant vapor, while a pipe 11 connects the upper part of the oil storage tank 10 with the low pressure line of the refrigerating circuit via a valve 13 controlling upstream pressure.
  • the above mentioned pipe 8 connects the upper part of the liquid/vapor separator tank 4, therefore the vapor contained in this volume, with the oil tank 10.
  • One regenerative heat exchanger 9 is interposed between the separator liquid/vapor 4 and the oil accumulation tank 10.
  • the heat exchanger is characterized by two circuits in thermal contact, here defined 9a - primary - and 9b - secondary - in which two fluids at different pressure can flow through for exchanging heat.
  • the pipe 8 will be also equipped with a connection, at the geodetic level of the bottom of the liquid / vapor separator tank 4, in which the oil-rich mixture will be injected, and the outflow will take place by gravity and will be controlled, for example but not exclusively with a timer, via a valve 12, for example but not exclusively of type ON/OFF electrically operated, connected to the portion of volume, at the bottom of the tank 4, where the rich mixture of oil will be settled.
  • the flash vapor coming from the top of the liquid/vapor separator tank 4 and mixed with a certain flow of oil and refrigerant from the bottom of the above mentioned separator tank 4 will be entered through the pipe 8 in the secondary circuit, 9b, of the regenerative heat exchanger 9.
  • the primary circuit 9a of the heat exchanger 9 will be configured for the circulation of the mass flow coming from the condenser/gas cooler heat exchanger 2.
  • the solution rich in oil will be warmed up by the heat exchanged with the high pressure warm fluid exiting the condenser/gas cooler 2, there will be a distillation of the refrigerant fluid and finally the oil will separate by gravity from the vapor in the oil accumulation tank 10.
  • the top of the oil tank 10 will be connected through the pipe 11 with the inlet section of a valve 13 controlling upstream pressure, configured to maintain at a desired value the pressure in the liquid/vapor separator 4, and also in the oil storage tank 10, being the outlet section of the valve 13 connected to the suction side of the at least one compressor 1.
  • the pipe 11 will be connected with the suction port of at least one auxiliary compressor 7, configured to recompress the flash vapor avoiding its expansion down to low pressure.
  • the tank 10 will be placed at the geodetic level H higher than that of the at least one compressor 7, and the oil will easily flow by gravity towards the at least one compressor 7 through the opening of one valve 15 for each compressor, based, for example, on the level of oil present in the crankcase of said compressor 7.
  • the oil will also feed the main compressor/s 1 through the opening of one valve 14 based, for example, on the level of oil present in the crankcase of the at least one compressor 1, being the oil storage tank 10 at a pressure higher than that existing in the crankcase of the at least one compressor 1.
  • an upstream pressure controlling valve 13 as previously described, although not strictly necessary could contribute to a precise adjustment of the pressure in the liquid/refrigerant separator tank 4 and in the oil storage tank 10.
  • the circuit may also include, when it is present at least one auxiliary compressor 7 and in order to further improve the energy efficiency of the system, at least one ejector 16 connected in parallel or in alternative to the high pressure control valve 3.
  • An example of such a configuration is shown in fig. 4 .
  • the suction side of the at least one compressor 1, or in general the low pressure side of the refrigerating circuit, will also be connected to the secondary suction port 17 of ejector 16, which will be configured to suck part of the vapor coming from the evaporator 6 and subject it to a first compression, without the need to provide additional external energy to the system, up to the intermediate pressure existing in the liquid/vapor separator 4 from which the refrigerant vapor can be sucked by the at least one auxiliary compressor 7 together with the flash vapor, as above described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Circuit frigorifique comprenant au moins un compresseur principal (1) configurée pour l'aspiration de la vapeur à partir d'au moins un évaporateur (6), un échangeur de chaleur à haute pression (2) configuré pour rejeter la chaleur à un fluide extérieur, une première vanne de détente (3) et un séparateur liquide / vapeur (4) adapté pour alimenter le au moins un évaporateur (6) avec un réfrigérant liquide à travers un deuxième dispositif de détente (5), la première vanne de détente (3) étant inséré dans le circuit entre le échangeur de chaleur à haute pression (2) et le séparateur liquide / vapeur (4), étant l'huile de lubrification utilisée par le compresseur (1) d'un type non miscible ou partiellement miscible avec le fluide frigorigène - par exemple, mais non exclusivement, de type PAG lorsque le réfrigérant est du dioxyde de carbone - et ayant ladite huile une densité supérieure à celle du réfrigérant dans les conditions existant dans le séparateur liquide / vapeur (4), dans lequel circuit un échangeur de chaleur à régénération à deux circuits (9) est configuré pour la circulation, dans le circuit primaire (9a), du fluide frigorigène sortant de l'échangeur de chaleur à haute pression (2) et pour la circulation, dans le circuit secondaire (9b), de la vapeur de détente produite au cours de la première opération de laminage à travers la première vanne de détente (3), en étant le circuit de réfrigération, caractérisé par l'inclusion d'un tuyau (8) reliant la partie supérieure du séparateur (4) avec l'entrée du circuit secondaire (9b) de l'échangeur de chaleur (9), ledit tuyau (8) étant configuré de manière à transmettre la vapeur de détente et pour l'injection, en un point intermédiaire, d'un flux d'huile ou de la mélange riche en huile, par exemple, mais non exclusivement, à travers une vanne (12), à partir du fond du séparateur liquide / vapeur (4), et étant la sortie du circuit secondaire (9b) de l'échangeur de chaleur régénératif (9) reliée à la partie supérieure d'un réservoir de stockage d'huile (10) configuré pour la séparation par gravité de l'huile de la vapeur et pour transporter la vapeur de réfrigérant à l'entrée d'une vanne (13) adaptée pour controler la pression du réservoir d'huile (10) et du séparateur (4) au moyen de la décharge contrôlée de vapeur de réfrigérant provenant du réservoir de stockage d'huile (10) dans l'aspiration de l'au moins un compresseur (1), dans lequel le niveau d'huile est rétablie avec de l'huile du réservoir d'huile (10) à travers une soupape (14).
  2. Circuit frigorifique selon la revendication 1) comprenant, en outre, au moins un compresseur auxiliaire (7) configurée pour la compression de vapeur de détente produite au cours de la première opération de laminage à travers la vanne (3), en étant le robinet d'aspiration dudit au moins un compresseur (7) reliée par un tuyau (11) à la partie supérieure du réservoir de stockage d'huile (10), situé à un niveau géodésique H supérieur à celui de l'au moins un compresseur (7), le circuit comprenant en outre un tube adapté pour fournir la lubrification huile pour le au moins un compresseur (7) à partir du fond du réservoir de stockage d'huile (10) via une soupape (15).
  3. Circuit frigorifique selon les revendications 1), 2) comprenant au moins un éjecteur (16), monté en parallèle ou en variante, à la première soupape de détente (3), étant le port secondaire (17) dudit au moins un éjecteur (16) relié directement ou indirectement au côté d'aspiration de l'au moins un compresseur principal (1) et étant au moins un compresseur (7) configurée pour l'aspiration du haut du réservoir d'huile (10) à la fois de la vapeur de détente et le débit massique comprimé par le au moins un éjecteur (16) dans le séparateur liquide / vapeur (4).
  4. Système de réfrigération à l'aide des circuits décrits dans les revendications 1), 2) et 3)
EP13425114.9A 2012-08-22 2013-08-09 Circuit de réfrigération Active EP2754980B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13425114T PL2754980T3 (pl) 2012-08-22 2013-08-09 Układ chłodzący

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000169A ITTV20120169A1 (it) 2012-08-22 2012-08-22 Circuito refrigerante

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2754980A1 EP2754980A1 (fr) 2014-07-16
EP2754980B1 true EP2754980B1 (fr) 2016-03-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13425114.9A Active EP2754980B1 (fr) 2012-08-22 2013-08-09 Circuit de réfrigération

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2754980B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2574432T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITTV20120169A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2754980T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105042953B (zh) * 2015-05-25 2017-11-07 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种经济器的补气增焓方法及空调系统
CN105157270A (zh) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-16 无锡同方人工环境有限公司 带过冷回路的低环境温度空气源热泵系统
KR102548674B1 (ko) 2017-09-25 2023-06-28 존슨 컨트롤스 테크놀러지 컴퍼니 2 단계 오일 동력 이덕터 시스템
CN107795973A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-03-13 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种蒸汽产生装置
US11421681B2 (en) 2018-04-19 2022-08-23 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Multiple-compressor system with suction valve and method of controlling suction valve
FR3087001B1 (fr) * 2018-10-04 2020-12-11 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Circuit de fluide refrigerant pour vehicule
US11085681B2 (en) * 2019-02-07 2021-08-10 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Cooling system
CN112611121B (zh) * 2020-12-23 2023-09-05 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司 一种制冷系统和两级节流阀的控制方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD123967A1 (fr) * 1976-04-14 1977-01-26
DE19747985A1 (de) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-27 Univ Dresden Tech Verfahren zur Realisierung eines Gemisch-Joule-Thomson-Prozesses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE602007001038D1 (de) * 2006-01-31 2009-06-18 Sanyo Electric Co Klimaanlage
US9541313B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2017-01-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Refrigerating device
EP2492612B1 (fr) * 2009-10-20 2018-03-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de pompe à chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2574432T3 (es) 2016-06-17
EP2754980A1 (fr) 2014-07-16
PL2754980T3 (pl) 2016-08-31
ITTV20120169A1 (it) 2014-02-23

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