EP2746543B1 - Lubrication of expansion machines - Google Patents

Lubrication of expansion machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2746543B1
EP2746543B1 EP12198869.5A EP12198869A EP2746543B1 EP 2746543 B1 EP2746543 B1 EP 2746543B1 EP 12198869 A EP12198869 A EP 12198869A EP 2746543 B1 EP2746543 B1 EP 2746543B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working medium
expansion machine
stage
process device
circuit process
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EP12198869.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2746543A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Grill
Jens-Patrick Springer
Gabor Ast
Andreas Sichert
Richard Aumann
Andreas Schuster
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Orcan Energy AG
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Orcan Energy AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Orcan Energy AG filed Critical Orcan Energy AG
Priority to EP12198869.5A priority Critical patent/EP2746543B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/075310 priority patent/WO2014095333A2/en
Priority to US14/653,242 priority patent/US10100682B2/en
Priority to CN201380066562.XA priority patent/CN105102770B/en
Publication of EP2746543A1 publication Critical patent/EP2746543A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M7/00—Lubrication means specially adapted for machine or engine running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
    • F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/36—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
    • F01M2001/023—Piston pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
    • F01M2001/0238—Rotary pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/16—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
    • F22B1/167—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour using an organic fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermodynamic cycle apparatus comprising a working medium with a lubricant additive and an expansion machine for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy.
  • ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
  • the working medium is brought to a working pressure by a feed pump, and it is supplied to it in an evaporator energy in the form of heat, which is provided by a combustion, a waste heat stream or other heat source available.
  • the working fluid flows via a pressure tube to an expansion machine in which it is expanded to a lower pressure.
  • the expanded working medium vapor flows through a condenser, in which a heat exchange between the vaporous working medium and a cooling medium takes place, after which the condensed working medium is pressurized by the feed pump and returned to the evaporator in a cyclic process.
  • volumetric expansion machines also called positive displacement expansion machines be referred to, include one or more working chamber (s) and perform during an increase in volume of this working chamber (s) during the relaxation of the working medium work.
  • These expansion machines are realized, for example, in the form of piston expansion machines, screw expansion machines or scroller expander.
  • Such volumetric expansion machines are used in particular in ORC systems of small power class (eg 1 to 500 kW electrical power).
  • ORC systems of small power class (eg 1 to 500 kW electrical power).
  • volumetric expansion machines require lubrication by a lubricant in particular the piston or the mutually rolling profiles (flanks) of the expansion space and the bearings and the sliding walls of the working chamber. So it requires a lubrication of the bearings and the touching flanks.
  • the lubrication of the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side bearings is accomplished via a respective lubricant supply.
  • the lubricant is directed to the bearings, passes through the bearing and leaves the bearing via a connection to the low pressure side and enters the exhaust steam path. There, the liquid oil mixes with the exhaust steam and is transported to the condenser.
  • Both bearings are approximately at the same pressure level, since the two bearings are connected to each other via a bore / pipe.
  • the pressure level at the bearings is on the order of the pressure at the outlet of the expansion machine.
  • US 5,329,771 A discloses an ORC system in which working fluid is branched between two pumps and supplied to hydrodynamic bearings for lubrication.
  • thermodynamic cycle device with a working fluid with a lubricant additive; an expansion machine for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy; a multi-stage pressure increasing device (for example, a feed pump) for stepwise pressurizing the working medium; means for branching off a portion of the working fluid between two stages of the multi-stage pressure booster; and means for supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to one or more bearing points of the expansion machine.
  • the tapping of the multi-stage pressure booster for diverting a portion of the working medium has the advantage that the working medium with the lubricant is diverted directly from the multi-stage pressure booster at a suitable pressure level.
  • thermodynamic size of the enthalpy of the working medium includes, as usual, the internal thermal energy and the volume work to be done ("pressure energy").
  • the multi-stage pressure booster comprises a multi-stage pump, in particular a multi-stage centrifugal pump.
  • the pressure booster stages have the same operating principle and are housed in a housing ("a pump").
  • thermodynamic cycle device A development of the thermodynamic cycle device is that the means for branching a portion of the working fluid may include a branch, in particular a bore, between two stages of the multi-stage pump. This represents a simple practical realization of the means for branching.
  • the means for supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to one or more bearings of the expansion machine may comprise one or more conduits.
  • thermodynamic cycle device in the case of a multi-stage pump with two or more impellers, the means for branching off a part of the working medium in the conveying direction of the pump can be arranged between two directly adjacent impellers.
  • the gradual increase in pressure of the working fluid can be exploited by means of the wheels and a part of the working medium (mixture of a working fluid and the lubricant) are branched off at a suitable location.
  • thermodynamic cycle apparatus may further comprise means for discharging the working medium with the lubricant additive from the one or more bearing points, wherein the means for discharging the working medium may be in particular in fluid communication with an outlet of the expansion machine.
  • the cycle device may be an organic Rankine cycle device and / or the expansion machine may be selected from the group consisting of a piston expansion machine, screw expansion machine, a scroll expander, a vane machine and a root expander.
  • the working medium may be provided in the form of an organic working medium, wherein the working medium may in particular comprise or consist of a fluorinated working medium, such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated carbons, fluoroethers or fluoroketones, and / or the lubricant, in particular Include or may consist of refrigerant oil, and / or wherein the lubricant content of the working medium can be between 0.1% and 10% by weight.
  • a fluorinated working medium such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated carbons, fluoroethers or fluoroketones
  • the lubricant in particular Include or may consist of refrigerant oil, and / or wherein the lubricant content of the working medium can be between 0.1% and 10% by weight.
  • thermodynamic cycle device can be part of a steam power plant.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method of lubricating an expansion machine in a thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the cycle apparatus comprising the expansion machine, a multi-stage pressure booster and a working medium with a lubricant additive, and the method comprising the steps of: stepwise pressurizing the working medium with the multi-stage pressure booster device; Diverting a portion of the working fluid between two stages of the multi-stage pressure booster; and supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to at least one or more bearing points of the expansion machine for lubricating the bearings.
  • the multi-stage pressure booster comprises a multi-stage pump.
  • FIG. 1 exemplifies a lubrication system for an expansion machine according to the present invention.
  • the working fluid will be diverted directly from the multi-stage feed pump at a suitable pressure level.
  • the solution according to the invention advantageously combines the function of a condensate pump and the feed pump in a housing and makes it possible to remove liquid at a suitable location, this location (number of already passed stages) determining the pressure level of the withdrawn liquid.
  • a special feature of these pumps can be used.
  • the pressure increase in the multi-stage pumps takes place by a juxtaposition of a plurality of impellers, so that per stage a pressure increase of e.g. 1 bar takes place.
  • the wheels are mounted on a shaft in a housing and each have the same diameter. Towards the shaft, an increase in pressure is observed in stages. Through a tap at a suitable point can now liquid, in the present case lubricant working fluid solution, are removed at the pressure level, which already has the appropriate pressure level. So it must be made no further increase in pressure of this fluid.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic cycle device according to the present invention.
  • the thermodynamic cycle apparatus includes a multi-stage multi-impeller feed pump 1.
  • the multi-stage feed pump 1 is supplied with liquid working fluid-lubricant solution, which solution enters the inlet 2 in the pump.
  • the necessary for the lubrication of the bearings 9 of the expansion machine 5 mass flow is diverted directly at a suitable point 3 with a prevailing pressure level between two adjacent wheels and the bearings 9 are provided.
  • the bearings 9 are supplied via the lubricant supply 4, wherein the lubricant passes through the bearings and is discharged via a discharge line / device 6.
  • the discharge line / device 6 is in communication with the outlet of the expansion machine 5, which in turn is in communication with the condenser 7.
  • both the lubricant supply 4 and the lubricant discharge line 6 can be integrated into the expansion machines 5 and need not be designed as a separate line, but can be part of the housing or the rotors.
  • the exhaust steam and the lubricant pass to the condenser 7, from which the liquefied working medium lubricant solution is conducted to the bearing points 9 and to the evaporator 8 by means of a feed pump as described.
  • the working fluid evaporates, but the lubricant remains liquid and serves for lubrication and sealing of the flanks of the expansion machine. 5

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine thermodynamische Kreisprozessvorrichtung, die ein Arbeitsmedium mit einem Schmierstoffzusatz und eine Expansionsmaschine zur Umwandlung von Enthalpie im Arbeitsmedium in mechanische Energie umfasst.The present invention relates to a thermodynamic cycle apparatus comprising a working medium with a lubricant additive and an expansion machine for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Der Betrieb von Expansionsmaschinen, wie z.B. Dampfturbinen und beispielsweise mit Hilfe des Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)-Verfahrens zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie durch den Einsatz organischer Medien, beispielsweise organischer Medien mit niedriger Verdampfungstemperatur, die bei gleichen Temperaturen verglichen mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium im allgemeinen höhere Verdampfungsdrücke aufweisen, ist im Stand der Technik bekannt. ORC-Anlagen stellen eine Realisierung des Clausius-Rankine-Kreisprozesses dar, in dem beispielsweise prinzipiell über adiabatische und isobare Zustandsänderungen eines Arbeitsmediums elektrische Energie gewonnen wird. Über Verdampfung, Expansion und anschließende Kondensation des Arbeitsmediums wird hierbei mechanische Energie gewonnen und in elektrische Energie gewandelt. Prinzipiell wird das Arbeitsmedium durch eine Speisepumpe auf Betriebsdruck gebracht, und es wird ihm in einem Verdampfer Energie in Form von Wärme, die durch eine Verbrennung, einen Abwärmestrom oder eine sonstige Wärmequelle zur Verfügung gestellt wird, zugeführt. Vom Verdampfer aus strömt das Arbeitsmedium über ein Druckrohr zu einer Expansionsmaschine, in der es auf einen niedrigeren Druck entspannt wird. Im Anschluss strömt der entspannte Arbeitsmediumsdampf durch einen Kondensator, in welchem ein Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem dampfförmigen Arbeitsmedium und einem Kühlmedium stattfindet, wonach das auskondensierte Arbeitsmedium durch die Speisepumpe wieder mit Druck beaufschlagt wird und zu dem Verdampfer in einem Kreisprozess zurückgeführt wird. Eine besondere Klasse von Expansionsmaschinen stellen volumetrisch arbeitende Expansionsmaschinen dar, die auch als Verdrängungsexpansionsmaschinen bezeichnet werden, eine oder mehrere Arbeitskammer/n umfassen und während einer Volumenzunahme dieser Arbeitskammer/n während der Entspannung des Arbeitsmediums Arbeit verrichten. Diese Expansionsmaschinen sind beispielsweise in Form von Kolbenexpansionsmaschinen, Schraubenexpansionsmaschinen oder Scrollexpandern realisiert. Derartige volumetrisch arbeitende Expansionsmaschinen werden insbesondere in ORC-Systemen kleiner Leistungsklasse (z.B. 1 bis 500 kW elektrische Leistung) eingesetzt. Im Gegensatz zu Turbinen erfordern volumetrisch arbeitende Expansionsmaschinen jedoch eine Schmierung durch ein Schmiermittel insbesondere des Kolbens bzw. der sich aufeinander abwälzenden Profile (Flanken) des Expansionsraums sowie der Wälzlager und der gleitenden Wände der Arbeitskammer. Es bedarf also eine Schmierung der Lagerstellen und der sich berührenden Flanken.The operation of expansion machines, such as steam turbines and, for example, using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) method for generating electrical energy by the use of organic media, such as organic media with low evaporation temperature at the same temperatures compared to water as a working medium in general higher Evaporation pressures are known in the art. ORC systems represent a realization of the Rankine cycle in which, for example, electric energy is obtained in principle via adiabatic and isobaric changes in the state of a working medium. About evaporation, expansion and subsequent condensation of the working medium in this case mechanical energy is recovered and converted into electrical energy. In principle, the working medium is brought to a working pressure by a feed pump, and it is supplied to it in an evaporator energy in the form of heat, which is provided by a combustion, a waste heat stream or other heat source available. From the evaporator, the working fluid flows via a pressure tube to an expansion machine in which it is expanded to a lower pressure. Thereafter, the expanded working medium vapor flows through a condenser, in which a heat exchange between the vaporous working medium and a cooling medium takes place, after which the condensed working medium is pressurized by the feed pump and returned to the evaporator in a cyclic process. A particular class of expansion machines are volumetric expansion machines, also called positive displacement expansion machines be referred to, include one or more working chamber (s) and perform during an increase in volume of this working chamber (s) during the relaxation of the working medium work. These expansion machines are realized, for example, in the form of piston expansion machines, screw expansion machines or scroller expander. Such volumetric expansion machines are used in particular in ORC systems of small power class (eg 1 to 500 kW electrical power). However, in contrast to turbines volumetric expansion machines require lubrication by a lubricant in particular the piston or the mutually rolling profiles (flanks) of the expansion space and the bearings and the sliding walls of the working chamber. So it requires a lubrication of the bearings and the touching flanks.

Aus dem in dem Dokument GB 2427002 offenbarten Stand der Technik ist ein Verfahren zur Schmierung der Lager der Expansionsmaschine bekannt, bei dem Arbeitsmedium mit einem Schmiermittelzusatz nach der Druckerhöhung durch die Speisepumpe abgezweigt und den Lagern zugeführt wird.From the one in the document GB 2427002 Prior art disclosed a method for lubricating the bearings of the expansion machine is known in which working medium with a lubricant additive is branched off after the pressure increase by the feed pump and fed to the camps.

Bei der gemäß internem Stand der Technik verwendeten Expansionsmaschine wird die Schmierung der hochdruckseitigen und der niederdruckseitigen Lager über jeweils eine Schmierstoffzuführung bewerkstelligt. Der Schmierstoff wird an die Lagerstellen geleitet, passiert das Lager und verlässt über eine Verbindung zur Niederdruckseite das Lager und tritt in den Abdampfpfad ein. Dort mischt sich das flüssige Öl mit dem Abdampf und wird zum Kondensator transportiert. Beide Lagerstellen liegen in etwa auf gleichem Druckniveau, da die beiden Lagerstellen über ein Bohrung / Leitung miteinander verbunden sind. Das Druckniveau an den Lagerstellen ist in der Größenordnung des Drucks am Auslass der Expansionsmaschine.In the expansion machine used according to the internal prior art, the lubrication of the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side bearings is accomplished via a respective lubricant supply. The lubricant is directed to the bearings, passes through the bearing and leaves the bearing via a connection to the low pressure side and enters the exhaust steam path. There, the liquid oil mixes with the exhaust steam and is transported to the condenser. Both bearings are approximately at the same pressure level, since the two bearings are connected to each other via a bore / pipe. The pressure level at the bearings is on the order of the pressure at the outlet of the expansion machine.

Bei Abzweigung des schmiermittelhaltigen Arbeitsmediums nach Druckerhöhung durch die Speisepumpe auf Betriebsdruck ist dabei jedoch Folgendes nachteilig. Für die Zuführung der Schmierstoff-Arbeitsmedium-Lösung muss der Druck etwas über dem Druckniveau der Lagerstellen liegen. Ein zu großer Druck könnte zu geänderten und unerwünschten Strömungsverhältnissen in den Lagern führen. Weiterhin könnte auch eine zu große Menge Fluid in Richtung der Lager strömen. Aus diesem Grund werden Drosseln eingesetzt, um das Druckniveau zu begrenzen. Eine Druckerhöhung über das notwendige Maß hinaus und eine darauf folgende Drosselung ist energetisch ungünstig. Zudem muss eine weitere Komponente (nämlich eine Drossel) verbaut werden.When branching the lubricant-containing working fluid after pressure increase by the feed pump to operating pressure, however, the following disadvantageous. For the supply of the lubricant working medium solution, the pressure must be slightly above the pressure level of the bearings. Too much pressure could lead to changed and undesirable flow conditions in the bearings. Furthermore, an excessive amount of fluid could also flow in the direction of the bearings. For this reason will be Chokes used to limit the pressure level. An increase in pressure beyond the necessary extent and subsequent throttling is energetically unfavorable. In addition, another component (namely a throttle) must be installed.

Es besteht somit ein Bedarf dafür, ein Verfahren zur Schmierung von Expansionsmaschinen bereitzustellen, in dem die oben genannten Probleme ausgeräumt oder zumindest gemildert werden. Dies liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung als Aufgabe zugrunde.Thus, there is a need to provide a method of lubricating expansion machines by eliminating or at least alleviating the above problems. This is the object of the present invention.

US 5 329 771 A offenbart ein ORC-System bei dem Arbeitsmedium zwischen zwei Pumpen abgezweigt und hydrodynamischen Lagern zur Schmierung zugeführt wird. US 5,329,771 A discloses an ORC system in which working fluid is branched between two pumps and supplied to hydrodynamic bearings for lubrication.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine thermodynamische Kreisprozessvorrichtung mit einem Arbeitsmedium mit einem Schmierstoffzusatz; einer Expansionsmaschine zur Umwandlung von Enthalpie im Arbeitsmedium in mechanische Energie; einer mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung (beispielsweise eine Speisepumpe) zum stufenweisen Druckbeaufschlagen des Arbeitsmediums; einem Mittel zum Abzweigen eines Teils des Arbeitsmediums zwischen zwei Stufen der mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung; und einem Mittel zum Zuführen des abgezweigten Teils des Arbeitsmediums an eine oder mehrere Lagerstellen der Expansionsmaschine. Das Anzapfen der mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung zum Abzweigen eines Teils des Arbeitsmediums hat den Vorteil, dass das Arbeitsmedium mit dem Schmierstoff direkt aus der mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung auf geeignetem Druckniveau abgezweigt wird. Auf diese Weise kann dann auf ansonsten erforderliche Mittel zur Drosselung des Drucks vor dem Zuführen zu den Lagern verzichtet werden. Die thermodynamische Größe der Enthalpie des Arbeitsmediums umfasst dabei wie üblich die innere, thermische Energie und die zu verrichtende Volumenarbeit ("Druckenergie").The above object is achieved by a thermodynamic cycle device with a working fluid with a lubricant additive; an expansion machine for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy; a multi-stage pressure increasing device (for example, a feed pump) for stepwise pressurizing the working medium; means for branching off a portion of the working fluid between two stages of the multi-stage pressure booster; and means for supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to one or more bearing points of the expansion machine. The tapping of the multi-stage pressure booster for diverting a portion of the working medium has the advantage that the working medium with the lubricant is diverted directly from the multi-stage pressure booster at a suitable pressure level. In this way can then be dispensed with otherwise required means for throttling the pressure before feeding to the bearings. The thermodynamic size of the enthalpy of the working medium includes, as usual, the internal thermal energy and the volume work to be done ("pressure energy").

Die mehrstufige Druckerhöhungseinrichtung umfasst eine mehrstufige Pumpe, insbesondere eine mehrstufige Kreiselpumpe. Dabei weisen die Druckerhöhungsstufen das gleiche Funktionsprinzip auf und sind in einem Gehäuse ("eine Pumpe") untergebracht.The multi-stage pressure booster comprises a multi-stage pump, in particular a multi-stage centrifugal pump. The pressure booster stages have the same operating principle and are housed in a housing ("a pump").

Eine Weiterbildung der thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung besteht darin, dass das Mittel zum Abzweigen eines Teils des Arbeitsmediums eine Abzweigung, insbesondere eine Bohrung, zwischen zwei Stufen der mehrstufigen Pumpe umfassen kann. Dies stellt eine einfache praktische Realisierung der Mittel zum Abzweigen dar.A development of the thermodynamic cycle device is that the means for branching a portion of the working fluid may include a branch, in particular a bore, between two stages of the multi-stage pump. This represents a simple practical realization of the means for branching.

Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung kann das Mittel zum Zuführen des abgezweigten Teils des Arbeitsmediums an eine oder mehrere Lagerstellen der Expansionsmaschine eine oder mehrere Rohrleitungen umfassen.According to another development of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the means for supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to one or more bearings of the expansion machine may comprise one or more conduits.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung kann im Falle einer mehrstufigen Pumpe mit zwei oder mehreren Laufrädern, das Mittel zum Abzweigen eines Teils des Arbeitsmediums in Förderrichtung der Pumpe zwischen zwei direkt benachbarten Laufrädern angeordnet sein. In dieser Weiterbildung kann die stufenweise Druckerhöhung des Arbeitsmediums mittels der Laufräder ausgenutzt werden und ein Teil des Arbeitsmediums (Mischung aus einem Arbeitsmittel und dem Schmiermittel) an geeigneter Stelle abgezweigt werden.According to one development of the thermodynamic cycle device, in the case of a multi-stage pump with two or more impellers, the means for branching off a part of the working medium in the conveying direction of the pump can be arranged between two directly adjacent impellers. In this development, the gradual increase in pressure of the working fluid can be exploited by means of the wheels and a part of the working medium (mixture of a working fluid and the lubricant) are branched off at a suitable location.

Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung kann sie weiterhin Mittel zum Abführen des Arbeitsmediums mit dem Schmierstoffzusatz von der oder den Lagerstellen umfassen, wobei das Mittel zum Abführen des Arbeitsmediums insbesondere in Fluidverbindung mit einem Auslass der Expansionsmaschine sein kann. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Arbeitsmedium mitsamt dem Schmierstoff wieder abgeführt und dem Kreisprozess wieder zugeführt werden kann.According to another development of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, it may further comprise means for discharging the working medium with the lubricant additive from the one or more bearing points, wherein the means for discharging the working medium may be in particular in fluid communication with an outlet of the expansion machine. This has the advantage that the working medium can be removed again together with the lubricant and fed back to the cycle.

Die Kreisprozessvorrichtung kann eine Organic-Rankine-Cycle-Vorrichtung sein und/oder die Expansionsmaschine kann aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sein, die aus einer Kolbenexpansionsmaschine, Schraubenexpansionsmaschine, einem Scrollexpander, einer Flügelzellenmaschine und einem Rootexpander besteht.The cycle device may be an organic Rankine cycle device and / or the expansion machine may be selected from the group consisting of a piston expansion machine, screw expansion machine, a scroll expander, a vane machine and a root expander.

Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung kann das Arbeitsmedium in Form eines organischen Arbeitsmediums bereitgestellt werden, wobei das Arbeitsmedium insbesondere ein fluoriertes Arbeitsmedium, wie beispielsweise fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, fluorierte Kohlenstoffe, Fluorether oder Fluorketone, umfassen oder daraus bestehen kann und/oder der Schmierstoff insbesondere ein Kältemittelöl umfassen oder daraus bestehen kann, und/oder wobei der Schmierstoffanteil des Arbeitmediums zwischen 0,1% und 10% Massenanteil betragen kann.According to another development of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the working medium may be provided in the form of an organic working medium, wherein the working medium may in particular comprise or consist of a fluorinated working medium, such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated carbons, fluoroethers or fluoroketones, and / or the lubricant, in particular Include or may consist of refrigerant oil, and / or wherein the lubricant content of the working medium can be between 0.1% and 10% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemäße thermodynamische Kreisprozessvorrichtung oder eine deren Weiterbildungen können Teil eines Dampfkraftwerks sein.The thermodynamic cycle device according to the invention or a further development thereof can be part of a steam power plant.

Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Schmierung einer Expansionsmaschine in einer thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung, wobei die Kreisprozessvorrichtung die Expansionsmaschine, eine mehrstufige Druckerhöhungseinrichtung und ein Arbeitsmedium mit einem Schmierstoffzusatz umfasst, und wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst: stufenweises Druckbeaufschlagen des Arbeitsmediums mit der mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung; Abzweigen eines Teils des Arbeitsmediums zwischen zwei Stufen der mehrstufigen Druckerhöhungseinrichtung; und Zuführen des abgezweigten Teils des Arbeitsmediums an wenigstens eine oder mehrere Lagerstellen der Expansionsmaschine zum Schmieren der Lagerstellen. Die mehrstufige Druckerhöhungseinrichtung umfasst eine mehrstufige Pumpe. Die Vorteile entsprechen jenen die im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung genannt wurden.The above object is further achieved by a method of lubricating an expansion machine in a thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the cycle apparatus comprising the expansion machine, a multi-stage pressure booster and a working medium with a lubricant additive, and the method comprising the steps of: stepwise pressurizing the working medium with the multi-stage pressure booster device; Diverting a portion of the working fluid between two stages of the multi-stage pressure booster; and supplying the diverted portion of the working medium to at least one or more bearing points of the expansion machine for lubricating the bearings. The multi-stage pressure booster comprises a multi-stage pump. The advantages correspond to those which have been mentioned in connection with the device according to the invention.

Zudem entsprechen die Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und deren Vorteile jenen die im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung genannt wurden.In addition, the developments of the method according to the invention and its advantages correspond to those which have been mentioned in connection with the device according to the invention.

Weitere Merkmale und beispielhafte Ausführungsformen sowie Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es versteht sich, dass die Ausführungsformen nicht den Bereich der vorliegenden Erfindung erschöpfen. Es versteht sich weiterhin, dass einige oder sämtliche der im Weiteren beschriebenen Merkmale auch auf andere Weise miteinander kombiniert werden können.Further features and exemplary embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It is understood that the embodiments do not exhaust the scope of the present invention. It is further understood that some or all of the features described below may be combined with each other in other ways.

Zeichnungendrawings

Figur 1 veranschaulicht beispielhaft ein Schmiersystem für eine Expansionsmaschine gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. FIG. 1 exemplifies a lubrication system for an expansion machine according to the present invention.

Ausführungsformenembodiments

Gemäß der Erfindung wird das Arbeitsmedium direkt aus der mehrstufigen Speisepumpe auf geeignetem Druckniveau abgezweigt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung vereinigt die Funktion einer Kondensatpumpe und der Speisepumpe vorteilhaft in einem Gehäuse und ermöglicht die Entnahme von Flüssigkeit an passender Stelle, wobei diese Stelle (Anzahl von bereits durchlaufenen Stufen) das Druckniveau der entnommenen Flüssigkeit bestimmt. Bei Einsatz von mehrstufigen Speisepumpen kann eine spezielle Eigenschaft dieser Pumpen genutzt werden. Die Druckerhöhung bei den mehrstufigen Pumpen findet durch ein Aneinanderreihen von mehreren Laufrädern statt, so dass pro Stufe eine Druckerhöhung von z.B. 1 bar stattfindet. Die Laufräder werden auf einer Welle in ein Gehäuse eingebaut und besitzen jeweils den gleichen Durchmesser. In Richtung der Welle ist eine Druckerhöhung in Stufen zu beobachten. Durch eine Anzapfung an passender Stelle kann nun Flüssigkeit, im vorliegenden Fall Schmierstoff-Arbeitsmedium-Lösung, auf dem Druckniveau entnommen werden, welches bereits das passende Druckniveau besitzt. Es muss also keine weitere Druckerhöhung dieses Fluids vorgenommen werden.According to the invention, the working fluid will be diverted directly from the multi-stage feed pump at a suitable pressure level. The solution according to the invention advantageously combines the function of a condensate pump and the feed pump in a housing and makes it possible to remove liquid at a suitable location, this location (number of already passed stages) determining the pressure level of the withdrawn liquid. When using multi-stage feed pumps, a special feature of these pumps can be used. The pressure increase in the multi-stage pumps takes place by a juxtaposition of a plurality of impellers, so that per stage a pressure increase of e.g. 1 bar takes place. The wheels are mounted on a shaft in a housing and each have the same diameter. Towards the shaft, an increase in pressure is observed in stages. Through a tap at a suitable point can now liquid, in the present case lubricant working fluid solution, are removed at the pressure level, which already has the appropriate pressure level. So it must be made no further increase in pressure of this fluid.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze einer thermodynamischen Kreisprozessvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic cycle device according to the present invention.

Wie es in Figur 1 gezeigt ist, umfasst die thermodynamische Kreisprozessvorrichtung gemäß einem Beispiel für die vorliegende Erfindung eine mehrstufige Speisepumpe 1 mit mehreren Laufrädern. Die mehrstufige Speisepumpe 1 wird mit flüssiger Arbeitsmedium-Schmierstoff-Lösung versorgt, wobei diese Lösung am Einlass 2 in die Pumpe eintritt. Der für die Schmierung der Lagerstellen 9 der Expansionsmaschine 5 notwendige Massenstrom wird direkt an geeigneter Stelle 3 mit einem dort herrschenden Druckniveau zwischen zwei benachbarten Laufrädern abgezweigt und den Lagerstellen 9 zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Lagerstellen 9 werden über die Schmierstoffzuführung 4 versorgt, wobei der Schmierstoff die Lagerstellen passiert und über eine Abführleitung/-vorrichtung 6 abgeführt wird. Die Abführleitung/-vorrichtung 6 steht in Verbindung mit dem Auslass der Expansionsmaschine 5 welcher wiederum in Verbindung mit dem Kondensator 7 steht.As it is in FIG. 1 1, the thermodynamic cycle apparatus according to an example of the present invention includes a multi-stage multi-impeller feed pump 1. The multi-stage feed pump 1 is supplied with liquid working fluid-lubricant solution, which solution enters the inlet 2 in the pump. The necessary for the lubrication of the bearings 9 of the expansion machine 5 mass flow is diverted directly at a suitable point 3 with a prevailing pressure level between two adjacent wheels and the bearings 9 are provided. The bearings 9 are supplied via the lubricant supply 4, wherein the lubricant passes through the bearings and is discharged via a discharge line / device 6. The discharge line / device 6 is in communication with the outlet of the expansion machine 5, which in turn is in communication with the condenser 7.

Es ist zu bemerken, dass sowohl die Schmierstoffzuführung 4 als auch die Schmierstoffabführleitung 6 in die Expansionsmaschinen 5 integriert sein können und nicht als eigene Leitung ausgeführt werden müssen, sondern Teil des Gehäuses oder der Rotoren sein können. Der Abdampf und der Schmierstoff gelangen zum Kondensator 7, von welchem die verflüssigte Arbeitsmedium-Schmierstoff-Lösung mittel Speisepumpe wie beschrieben zu den Lagerstellen 9 sowie zum Verdampfer 8 geleitet wird. Im Verdampfer 8 verdampft das Arbeitsmedium, der Schmierstoff bleibt jedoch flüssig und dient zur Schmierung und Dichtung der Flanken der Expansionsmaschine 5.It should be noted that both the lubricant supply 4 and the lubricant discharge line 6 can be integrated into the expansion machines 5 and need not be designed as a separate line, but can be part of the housing or the rotors. The exhaust steam and the lubricant pass to the condenser 7, from which the liquefied working medium lubricant solution is conducted to the bearing points 9 and to the evaporator 8 by means of a feed pump as described. In the evaporator 8, the working fluid evaporates, but the lubricant remains liquid and serves for lubrication and sealing of the flanks of the expansion machine. 5

Claims (15)

  1. Thermodynamic circuit process device, comprising:
    a working medium with a lubricant additive;
    an expansion machine (5) for converting enthalpy in the working medium into mechanical energy;
    a multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1) for the step-by-step pressurization of the working medium;
    a means (3) for branching off a part of the working medium between two stages of the multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus; and
    a means (4) for feeding the branched off part of the working medium to one or a plurality of bearing points of the expansion machine;
    characterized in that
    said multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1) comprises a multi-stage pump (1).
  2. Thermodynamic circuit process device according to claim 1, wherein said multi-stage pump is a multi-stage centrifugal pump.
  3. Thermodynamic circuit process device according to claim 2, wherein said means for branching off a part of the working medium comprises a branch, in particular a bore, between two stages of the multi-stage pump.
  4. Thermodynamic circuit process device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said means for feeding the branched off part of the working medium to one or a plurality of bearing points of the expansion machine comprises one or a plurality of pipelines.
  5. Thermodynamic circuit process device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in case of a multi-stage pump with two or a plurality of impellers, said means for branching off a part of the working medium is disposed in the conveying direction of the pump between two directly adjacent impellers.
  6. Thermodynamic circuit process device according to one of claims 1 to 5, furthermore comprising:
    a means (6) for discharging said working medium with said lubricant additive from said bearing point or points, said means for discharging the working medium in particular being in fluid communication with an outlet of the expansion machine.
  7. Circuit process device according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the circuit process device is an Organic Rankine Cycle device, and/or in which the expansion machine is selected from the group consisting of a piston expansion machine, a screw expansion machine, a scroll expander, a vane machine, and a roots expander.
  8. Circuit process device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said working medium is provided in the form of an organic working medium, said working medium in particular comprising or consisting of a fluorinated working medium, and/or said lubricant in particular comprising or consisting of a refrigerant oil, wherein the lubricant proportion of said working medium is between 0.1 and 10 weight percent.
  9. Steam power station, comprising the device according to one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. Method for lubricating an expansion machine (5) in a thermodynamic circuit process device, wherein said circuit process device comprises said expansion machine, a multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1), and a working medium with a lubricant additive, and wherein said method comprises the steps of:
    step-by-step pressurizing the working medium with the multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus;
    branching off a part of said working medium between two stages of the multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus; and
    feeding the branched off part of the working medium to at least one or a plurality of bearing points (9) of the expansion machine for lubricating the bearing points;
    wherein the multi-stage pressure-increasing apparatus (1) comprises a multi-stage pump (1), in particular a multi-stage centrifugal pump.
  11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the branching off of a part of the working medium via a branch (3), in particular a bore, is effected between the two stages of the multi-stage pump or via a branch between two pumps.
  12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the feeding of the branched off part of the working medium to one or a plurality of bearing points of the expansion machine is effected via one or a plurality of pipelines (4).
  13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein in case of a multi-stage pump with two or a plurality of impellers, the branching off of a part of the working medium is effected in the conveying direction of the feed pump between two directly adjacent impellers.
  14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, with the further step of:
    discharging said working medium with said lubricant additive from the bearing point or points, wherein the discharging of said working medium is in particular effected in fluid communication with an outlet of the expansion machine.
  15. Method according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein said working medium in particular comprises or consists of a fluorinated working medium, and/or said lubricant in particular comprises or consists of a refrigerant oil, wherein the lubricant proportion of said working medium is between 0.1 and 10 weight percent.
EP12198869.5A 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Lubrication of expansion machines Active EP2746543B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12198869.5A EP2746543B1 (en) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Lubrication of expansion machines
PCT/EP2013/075310 WO2014095333A2 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-03 Lubrication of expansion machines
US14/653,242 US10100682B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-03 Lubrication of expansion machines
CN201380066562.XA CN105102770B (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-03 The lubrication of expanding machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP12198869.5A EP2746543B1 (en) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Lubrication of expansion machines

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EP2520771B1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2016-08-10 Orcan Energy AG Method and device for quick oil heating for oil-lubricated expansion machines
FR3042216B1 (en) * 2015-10-09 2019-06-28 IFP Energies Nouvelles DEVICE FOR LUBRICATING A BEARING RECEIVING A ROTARY SHAFT OF AN ELEMENT OF A CLOSED CIRCUIT OPERATING ACCORDING TO A RANKINE CYCLE, AND METHOD USING SUCH A DEVICE.

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US3292366A (en) * 1965-07-16 1966-12-20 United Aircraft Corp Power generating system using thiophene as a working fluid
CH574564A5 (en) * 1974-08-16 1976-04-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPS5848733B2 (en) * 1976-08-11 1983-10-31 株式会社日立製作所 Small power generation plant using waste heat
JPS5447048A (en) * 1977-09-20 1979-04-13 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Lubricating device of low-boiling-point-medium tubine
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FI86464C (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-08-25 High Speed Tech Ltd Oy Procedure for securing bearing lubrication in a high-speed hermetic casein
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GB0511864D0 (en) * 2005-06-10 2005-07-20 Univ City Expander lubrication in vapour power systems
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JP5372660B2 (en) * 2008-11-20 2013-12-18 川崎重工業株式会社 Turbine generator system
CN101660596B (en) 2009-06-23 2011-02-09 吉林大学 Speed-regulating hydraulic coupler transmission device of large-power composite gear capable of speeding up front and rear gear
DE202011109838U1 (en) * 2011-02-23 2012-03-15 En3 Gmbh Device for lubricating a slide bearing in a steam expander

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CN105102770A (en) 2015-11-25
EP2746543A1 (en) 2014-06-25
US10100682B2 (en) 2018-10-16
US20160169055A1 (en) 2016-06-16
WO2014095333A3 (en) 2014-12-04
WO2014095333A2 (en) 2014-06-26
CN105102770B (en) 2018-01-30

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