EP2743455A2 - Aube de turbine, notamment aube du dernier étage d'une turbine à vapeur, comprenant une élément de protection contre l'érosion - Google Patents

Aube de turbine, notamment aube du dernier étage d'une turbine à vapeur, comprenant une élément de protection contre l'érosion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2743455A2
EP2743455A2 EP13194984.4A EP13194984A EP2743455A2 EP 2743455 A2 EP2743455 A2 EP 2743455A2 EP 13194984 A EP13194984 A EP 13194984A EP 2743455 A2 EP2743455 A2 EP 2743455A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine blade
protection component
erosion protection
turbine
erosion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13194984.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2743455A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Dr. Johannes
Norbert Scheunert
Christian Dr. Seidel
Nico Weckend
Heinrich Dr. Zeininger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2743455A2 publication Critical patent/EP2743455A2/fr
Publication of EP2743455A3 publication Critical patent/EP2743455A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F05D2220/321—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage
    • F05D2220/3215—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage the last stage of the turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine blade according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a turbine blade according to the preamble of independent claims 5 and 6.
  • Turbine blades and in particular turbine blades of steam turbines are currently predominantly made of steel. Due to the high weight of the steel turbine blade and the resulting high centrifugal forces, the speed and the maximum blade length, in particular of the end-stage blades, are limited. As a result, the outflow surface in the exhaust steam housing and thus ultimately the performance and the efficiency of the turbine is limited. In order to increase the performance and efficiency of future turbines, the use of fiber composite power stage blades is increasingly being considered. Fiber composites have the advantage of high strength and very low weight.
  • turbine blades made of fiber composite material by joining at least two layers of fiber mats of the same or different materials.
  • glass or carbon are suitable as fiber material. Since fiber composites have high strength only in the fiber direction, an individual, stress-oriented alignment of the fiber layers is necessary. In most cases, several fiber mats are superimposed with different main fiber direction in order to achieve a strength in several directions.
  • the individual fiber mats are connected to each other by means of a matrix, usually a synthetic resin.
  • the matrix portion must be so high that the fiber mats are firmly connected to each other.
  • a too large matrix content leads to a decrease in the strength of the fiber composite material and to an increase in weight.
  • the most common open method of manufacturing fiber composite blades is the hand lay method.
  • the semi-finished fiber products are inserted by hand into the infiltration and soaked with the matrix.
  • the laminate is vented by means of a roller by pressing. This is intended to remove not only the air present in the laminate structure, but also excess matrix material from the fiber mat layers.
  • the procedure is repeated until the desired layer thickness is available.
  • the component must harden. Curing occurs due to a chemical reaction of the matrix material with a hardener added to the matrix material.
  • the advantage of Handlegevons consists in the low tool and equipment cost. On the other hand, however, there is a low component quality (low fiber content) and the high manual effort that requires trained laminator.
  • the hand lay-up procedure can also be carried out as a closed procedure.
  • the closed process is carried out by means of a vacuum press.
  • the mold After the introduction of the fiber mats in the infiltration tool, the mold is covered with a release film, a Absaugvlies and a vacuum film. Between the vacuum film and the mold, a negative pressure is generated. This causes the composite to be compressed. Any remaining air is sucked off and the excess matrix material is absorbed by the Absaugvlies.
  • a higher component quality can be achieved.
  • prepreg process Another closed process is the prepreg process.
  • pre-impregnated, ie already impregnated fiber mats with matrix material are placed in the infiltration tool.
  • the resin is no longer liquid, but has a slightly sticky solid consistency.
  • the composite is then vented by vacuum bag and then cured, often in an autoclave, under pressure and heat.
  • the prepreg process is one of the most expensive manufacturing processes due to the necessary operating equipment (cooling systems, autoclaves) and the demanding process management (temperature management). However, it also allows a very high component quality and a very low exclusion rate. For the highly loaded turbine blades in final stages of steam turbines, it is therefore one of the most suitable methods.
  • Another closed method for producing fiber composite blades is the vacuum infusion process.
  • the dry fiber layers are placed in a release-coated infiltration tool.
  • a separating fabric and a distribution medium are laid, which facilitates the uniform flow of the matrix material.
  • the film is sealed against the infiltration tool and the component is then evacuated with the aid of a vacuum pump.
  • the air pressure presses the inserted parts together and fixes them.
  • the tempered, liquid matrix material is sucked into the fiber material by the inserted vacuum.
  • the matrix material feed is discontinued and the impregnated fiber composite material can be removed from the infiltration tool after curing.
  • the advantage of this process is the uniform and almost bubble-free impregnation of the fibers and thus the high quality of the produced components.
  • This method is thus also particularly suitable for the production of turbine blades and in particular for end stage blades of steam turbines.
  • the curing time for the individual processes varies greatly and depends essentially on the selected matrix material and the curing temperature.
  • the turbine blades made of fiber composite materials all have the disadvantage that they are very susceptible to drop impact erosion due to the material used.
  • Drop impact erosion occurs in particular at the final stage of turbine blades in steam turbines. In the final stage, water condenses from the steam flow to droplets. These drops strike the rotating turbine blades at high speed and high energy. Due to the high impact energy of the water droplets, a very rapid destruction of the fiber composite material occurs.
  • the turbine blades In order to use the turbine blades in steam turbines, it is therefore necessary to provide an erosion protection component at least at the leading edge of the turbine blade.
  • the erosion protection component is to be arranged such that it effectively protects the fiber composite material against drop impact erosion.
  • an anti-erosion component at the leading edge of the turbine blade.
  • the turbine blade can be made from fiber composite material without increasing the erosion damage to steel turbine blades. This is the weight significantly reduced by the use of fiber composite material, whereby the centrifugal force, especially in the heavily loaded root portion of the turbine blade is significantly reduced.
  • the blade length and thus the outflow surface can be increased in the exhaust steam housing and / or the speed of the turbine can be increased. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of the steam turbine.
  • the anti-erosion components are usually attached to the turbine blade by lamination or gluing.
  • the erosion protection components have partially detached themselves from the turbine blade. This can lead to major damage to the turbine and should therefore be avoided at all costs.
  • the turbine blade according to the invention in particular end-stage blade for a steam turbine, wherein the turbine blade at least partially consists of fiber composite material and the turbine blade comprises at least one erosion protection component, characterized in that the Anti-erosion component is fixed by means of a positive and a cohesive connection to the turbine blade.
  • the form-fitting and cohesive connection enables a particularly secure attachment of the erosion protection component to the turbine blade. If the erosion protection component has been laminated or glued incorrectly, or if the erosion protection component should be loosened due to the high centrifugal forces despite correct lamination / gluing, it is additionally held securely by the positive connection.
  • the positive connection also ensures that the bond or the lamination is not stressed so much, since the force loads are already absorbed by the positive connection and thus kept from the bond or lamination.
  • the simultaneous connection of erosion protection component by means of material and positive connection thus increases the reliability of the turbine blade. A release of the erosion protection component during operation can thus largely excluded and greater damage to the turbine can be avoided.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the positive connection by means of a positive locking element, in particular by means of pins, needles or pins, which engage in the fiber composite material is achieved. Due to the pins, needles or pins, the interlocking element can intervene deeply in the fiber composite material and due to the thin design of the interlocking element does not lead to a destruction of the fiber composite or individual fibers. Rather, the interlocking element meshes with the structure of the fiber composite material. As a result, a very good fit is achieved. The interlocking elements are aligned so that they ensure a positive fit of the erosion protection component against the centrifugal forces during operation of the turbine blade.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the interlocking elements are formed integrally with the erosion protection component. This will be a special easy installation possible. The anti-erosion component then only has to be correctly positioned on the turbine blade and can then be fixed with slight pressure on the turbine blade. The interlocking elements penetrate into the fiber composite material without destroying its structure. The one-piece design of erosion protection component with the form-fitting elements avoids during assembly also that the attachment of the form-locking elements is forgotten.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the positive connection is achieved by sewing the erosion protection component to the turbine blade.
  • sewing the erosion protection component with the turbine blade By sewing the erosion protection component with the turbine blade, a particularly secure connection of the erosion protection component with the turbine blade is achieved.
  • the classic stitching is sewn with upper and lower thread and stung through the textile.
  • tufting is used only with an upper thread, which is inserted from one side only partially penetrates into the tissue.
  • a form-fitting element (wire / yarn / thread) which is insensitive to erosion is preferably used.
  • a thin titanium wire is suitable. By sewing a very intense teeth of the wire is achieved with the fiber composite material.
  • dry fiber layers can also be used and the production can be carried out in a vacuum infusion process. It is only important that the actual lamination and bonding of the fiber mats takes place only after the introduction of the positive connection of erosion protection components with the semi-finished fiber, so that the interlocking element is laminated with the turbine blade and thus an improved grip of the positive locking element is ensured.
  • FIG. 1a shows a three-dimensional representation of a turbine blade 1, which is particularly suitable as an output stage blade for a steam turbine.
  • the turbine blade 1 is at least partially formed of a fiber composite material.
  • several layers of fiber mats are arranged one above the other.
  • the mats are arranged one above the other so that the main fiber direction is aligned in accordance with the main direction of stress of the turbine blade 1.
  • the fiber material is in particular glass or carbon fiber.
  • the fiber mats are embedded in a matrix.
  • the matrix is preferably made of a synthetic resin and provides for the connection of the individual fiber mats with each other. However, the matrix can not absorb high tensile forces.
  • the turbine blade 1 Since turbine blades made of fiber composite material are very sensitive to drop impact erosion, the turbine blade 1 has an erosion protection component 2.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is in FIG. 1 arranged at the leading edge 5.
  • the leading edge 5 is the region of the turbine blade 1 that is most vulnerable to erosion, since the water droplets essentially strike here.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is mounted in the illustrated embodiment only in the region of the upper half of the leading edge 5. In this region of the leading edge 5 there is the greatest erosion stress, since during operation of the turbine, the largest peripheral speeds are achieved here.
  • FIG. 1b shows the in FIG. 1a shown turbine blade in longitudinal section, the longitudinal section through the erosion protection component 2 runs.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is designed and arranged so that it fits seamlessly into the blade contour of the turbine blade 1. This results in a smooth transition, without edges, between the erosion protection component 2 and the turbine blade. 1
  • the erosion protection component 2 is preferably made of hard metal, titanium or ceramic.
  • the high hardness of these materials ensures a high erosion resistance and thus a long life of the erosion protection component 2. Since the erosion protection component 2 and the turbine blade 1 are made so that the erosion protection component 2 fits seamlessly into the blade contour of the turbine blade 1, is a subsequent processing the erosion protection component 2 is not necessary. This offers great advantages, since the hard materials are very difficult to process later and this is associated with high production costs.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is attached to the turbine blade 1 both by means of a positive connection and by means of a material connection.
  • the substance-liquid connection is achieved in particular by lamination of the erosion protection component 2.
  • the erosion protection component 2 has form-locking elements 3.
  • the form-locking elements 3 are formed in the embodiment in the form of pins, needles or pins. The pins, needles or pins engage in the fiber composite material, which is given a good toothing between the form-fitting element 3 and the fiber composite material. This ensures a secure form-locking connection between erosion protection component 2 and turbine blade 1.
  • the form-locking elements 3 are arranged so that a secure form-locking connection is ensured, in particular during operation of the turbine blade.
  • the interlocking elements 3 are employed at an angle so as to counteract the centrifugal force during operation of the turbine.
  • the interlocking elements 3 are designed to be as slim as possible, so that they can penetrate with a small force in the fiber composite material and this damage when penetrating possible not or only slightly. This ensures that the fiber composite material does not fail due to damage.
  • the turbine blade 1 may additionally comprise further erosion protection components 2.
  • an erosion protection component 2 is often arranged at the outlet edge of the turbine blade 1.
  • the erosion protection component 2 at the outlet edge of the turbine blade 1 is provided for the ventilation operation.
  • an erosion protection component 2 is often provided at the outlet edge of the turbine blade 1.
  • such an erosion protection component 2 at the outlet edge makes sense, since the fiber composite material is very sensitive to erosion.
  • FIG. 2a shows a three-dimensional representation of a second embodiment of a turbine blade 1.
  • the turbine blade 1 is formed substantially identical to the turbine blade 1 in the first embodiment.
  • the turbine blade 1 is also formed with an erosion protection component 2 at the leading edge 5.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is in turn fastened to the turbine blade 1 by means of positive locking as well as by means of a fluid connection.
  • the positive connection between the erosion protection component 2 and the turbine blade 1 takes place by sewing the erosion protection component to the turbine blade. When sewing, there is an intensive interlocking of the thread 4 with the fiber composite material of the turbine blade 1. This results in a particularly good positive connection.
  • a thread 4 are basically all erosion-resistant materials.
  • the thread may be formed of a thin titanium or steel wire.
  • the erosion protection member 2 is laminated with the turbine blade 1.
  • the threads 4 are additionally fixed in the turbine blade 1, so that they could not move during turbine operation, which could lead to chafing and thus ultimately to the failure of the seam.
  • the turbine blade 1 is here to the description FIGS. 1a and 1b directed.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is first of all positively connected to the semifinished product of the turbine blade 1.
  • the form-fitting elements 3 arranged on the erosion protection component 2 are pressed into the semi-finished fiber product. This results in a toothing of the interlocking elements 3 and the semi-finished fiber product of the turbine blade 1.
  • the semifinished fiber product is placed with the erosion protection component 2 in the infiltration and it infiltration takes place with the matrix material.
  • the matrix material penetrates into the semi-finished fiber product.
  • the matrix material is in particular synthetic resin.
  • the matrix material is cured and then the turbine blade 1 together with the erosion protection component 2 can be removed from the infiltration tool.
  • the erosion protection component 2 is fastened both form-fittingly via the interlocking elements 3 and cohesively by means of infiltration of the turbine blade 1. This ensures even at high peripheral speeds always secure connection of erosion protection component 2 on the turbine blade 1. A loosening of erosion protection component 2 can thus be largely excluded , Due to the simultaneous infiltration of erosion protection component 2 with the interlocking elements 3 and the semifinished fiber product arranged on it, the interlocking elements 3 are also laminated in, with which they additionally receive a secure hold in the turbine blade 1.
  • a turbine blade according to the second embodiment is almost identical to the method previously described.
  • the positive connection between the erosion protection component 2 and the turbine blade 1 is carried out first by sewing the erosion protection component 2 with the semifinished fiber product by means of a suitable thread 4.
  • a suitable thread material any material which has a sufficient erosion protection resistance.
  • the turbine blade 1 can be reworked after removal from the infiltration tool.
  • the turbine blade according to the invention provides improved operational safety over the turbine blades described in the prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP13194984.4A 2012-12-14 2013-11-29 Aube de turbine, notamment aube du dernier étage d'une turbine à vapeur, comprenant une élément de protection contre l'érosion Withdrawn EP2743455A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012223220.6A DE102012223220A1 (de) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Turbinenschaufel, insbesondere Endstufenlaufschaufel für eine Dampfturbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2743455A2 true EP2743455A2 (fr) 2014-06-18
EP2743455A3 EP2743455A3 (fr) 2018-01-17

Family

ID=49726514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13194984.4A Withdrawn EP2743455A3 (fr) 2012-12-14 2013-11-29 Aube de turbine, notamment aube du dernier étage d'une turbine à vapeur, comprenant une élément de protection contre l'érosion

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2743455A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012223220A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016211156A1 (de) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils und ein Verbundbauteil
RU2717228C1 (ru) * 2018-12-04 2020-03-18 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана" (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Способ изготовления преформ для лопаток компрессора газотурбинного двигателя
US11780185B2 (en) 2021-03-05 2023-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Reinforced composite assemblies and methods of manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4006999A (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Leading edge protection for composite blades
US5174024A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-12-29 Sterrett Terry L Tail rotor abrasive strip
DE4411679C1 (de) * 1994-04-05 1994-12-01 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Schaufelblatt in Faserverbundbauweise mit Schutzprofil
GB0428201D0 (en) * 2004-12-22 2005-01-26 Rolls Royce Plc A composite blade
DE102009047798A1 (de) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbinenschaufel, insbesondere Endstufenlaufschaufel für eine Dampfturbine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Publication number Publication date
EP2743455A3 (fr) 2018-01-17
DE102012223220A1 (de) 2014-06-18

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