EP2739511A1 - Structure for storing motor vehicle batteries having a mechanism for locking the batteries in the storage cells - Google Patents

Structure for storing motor vehicle batteries having a mechanism for locking the batteries in the storage cells

Info

Publication number
EP2739511A1
EP2739511A1 EP12753767.8A EP12753767A EP2739511A1 EP 2739511 A1 EP2739511 A1 EP 2739511A1 EP 12753767 A EP12753767 A EP 12753767A EP 2739511 A1 EP2739511 A1 EP 2739511A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
storage
electric
exchange
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12753767.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Mulato
Alain Bachir
Florent JARDEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2739511A1 publication Critical patent/EP2739511A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Definitions

  • Automotive vehicle battery storage structure with locking mechanism for batteries in storage cells
  • the invention relates to a method for installing and / or removing a power supply container from an electric motor drive motor of an electric or hybrid type of motor vehicle in / out of a storage cell of a storage structure of such energy containers. It also relates to an energy container storage structure, as well as a method and a station for exchanging such energy containers implementing this storage structure, and finally a method and a system for managing a storage container. fleet of electric or hybrid motor vehicles based on this energy container exchange solution.
  • Certain motor vehicles such as electric or hybrid vehicles, comprise a power supply container for a power train type electric traction motor.
  • battery will be used for simplification purposes, as broadly defined as any electrical power supply container of an electric drive motor of a vehicle. It may be interesting to exchange this battery when its energy level is low against a new charged battery. This can be done in an exchange station, such as a station similar to a service station for filling tanks associated with the engines.
  • Document US2010 / 145717 discloses a station for exchanging electric batteries for supplying an electric motor for driving an electric vehicle and a method for performing such an exchange.
  • the exchange station described comprises a lifting device provided with a means of locking and unlocking the battery on the vehicle.
  • a difficulty for the implementation of such a battery exchange concept lies in the fact that there is a multitude of motor vehicles that can include batteries of different types, fixed in different ways on the motor vehicle. However, it is not economically feasible to multiply the mounting and dismounting systems of these different types of batteries or to set up a manual solution because of its cost and the weight of the batteries.
  • the solution described in the document US2010 / 145717 does not respond satisfactorily to this problem of flexibility of the battery exchange solution due in particular to a lack of robustness.
  • Stations carried out according to this principle therefore have an exchange zone and a storage area
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a battery storage structure solution and battery installation and / or removal method in / out of this structure that can overcome the problems mentioned above.
  • the invention proposes a simple, reliable and robust, flexible and universal solution while being economical.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for installing and / or retrieving a power supply battery of an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type in / out of a storage cell of a battery storage structure.
  • This process is remarkable in that it comprises a step actuating a locking mechanism equipping the storage cell to vary it between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state releasing spatially the battery from its storage position.
  • This method makes it possible to have a flexible structure in which the conventional interfaces of the vehicle (locking, cooling and electrical connections) are reproduced in each cell by a simple adaptation of the locking mechanisms which equip the cells according to the batteries to be stored, to provide flexibility independent of the type of battery and makes the solution a universal. It makes it possible to dispense with the obligation to provide transport pallets for batteries between the exchange and storage areas. On the other hand, by eliminating the requirement of a frontal deposit of the batteries, the solution optimizes the volume of the station.
  • the size of the storage cells is just optimized to the size of the batteries to be stored, eliminating any loss of space in the storage structure, these storage cells are positioned on either side of the exchange station, and , the passage path of the exchange area serves both the disassembly / vehicle mounting operation, but also the operation of removal / installation on storage cell.
  • These storage cells are optionally equipped with a tilting system to allow the release of locking mechanisms / connectors and cooling interfaces from the storage structure, to allow the passage of the battery in its storage position no longer from below, but transversely.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a battery storage structure for a motor vehicle electric drive motor of electric or hybrid type, comprising a plurality of storage cells each adapted to house a battery.
  • This structure is remarkable in that each storage cell comprises a locking mechanism capable of varying between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state releasing spatially the battery from its storage position.
  • This structure makes it possible to reproduce a false vehicle, which makes it possible during storage and the charge of the battery to find a configuration identical to that on board the vehicle.
  • the exchange means has the characteristic of being positioned under the load cell and locks the battery as it does in the vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a method and a station for exchanging a battery for supplying an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type, which are remarkable in that they comprise a method of installation and method of removing a battery, and respectively a storage structure, as mentioned above.
  • the invention also relates to a method and a system for managing a fleet of vehicles, which are remarkable in that they respectively comprise at least one battery exchange of fleet vehicles and a plurality of exchange stations such as mentioned above.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a storage structure
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 respectively illustrate a locking and tilting mechanism, and connection and connection elements that equip a storage cell
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example of an actuating tool, a lifting device and a displacement element
  • Figure 7 illustrates the elements of Figures 5 and 6, in a cooperative situation with the storage structure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a storage structure 10 according to one aspect of the invention, intended to receive energy containers adapted to supply power to an electric drive motor of an electric type motor vehicle. or hybrid.
  • a battery 1 1 is for example visible in Figures 5 to 7.
  • This storage structure 10 may for example belong to a battery exchange station, designed to remove a vehicle from a battery having a low level of electrical energy, to come to install in the structure 10 with a exchange means described later, which removes a new battery charged from a storage cell of the structure 10 and comes to mount it on the vehicle.
  • the structure 10 can find application in any place requiring manipulation of interchangeable batteries, such as a car manufacturing plant, a car distribution network or after-sales, or even repair centers.
  • the storage structure 10 comprises a plurality of storage cells 12 each capable of housing a battery January 1.
  • the cells of storage 12 are for example organized in rows and columns. In the example of FIG. 1, the structure comprises three columns each comprising two superposed cells 12.
  • the structure 10 comprises two rows superimposed each of three aligned cells 12.
  • the cells 12 of the same row can be movable along this row. This possibility can even be provided so as to offer a degree of freedom of the cells 12 relative to each other.
  • These arrangements make it possible, on the one hand, to propose a honeycomb structure 10 which can be modulated according to the types of battery, in particular according to their dimensions, and on the other hand to be able to position a battery to be removed from a cell. vis-à-vis the exchange means without necessarily having to move it, to improve the battery exchange cycle time.
  • each storage cell 12 comprises a locking mechanism 13, visible singly in FIG. 2 for example, able to vary between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell 12 the battery 1 1 with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state spatially releasing the battery 1 1 from its storage position.
  • the installation of a battery January 1 in a storage cell 12 comprises a step of actuating the locking mechanism 13 fitted to the storage cell 12 to move it from the unlocked state to the locked state to spatially immobilize inside the storage cell 12 the battery with which it cooperates in its storage position.
  • an actuating tool 14 visible in FIGS.
  • the storage structure 10 can advantageously be configured to provide access from below the storage cells 12 so that the operation of the locking mechanism 13 of a given storage cell 12 can be performed from below the storage cell 12.
  • the frame may be equipped with one or more tilting devices marked 16 in FIG.
  • the m oye nd echange can be con fired so that the actuation step may include a simultaneous lifting of the actuating tool 14 and the battery.
  • the actuating tool 14 can be sol idaire a hoist 1 5 and configured to support the battery out of the area of the storage cell 1 2, this lifting device 15 may moreover be mounted on a displacement element 17 configured to translate the lifting device 15 in at least one direction, or in two perpendicular directions X and Y in FIG. 6.
  • the exchange means comprises at least the actuating tool 14, the lifting device 15 and the displacement element 17.
  • the vertical lifting direction marked Z is conjointly perpendicular to the directions of movement X, Y of the lifting device 15.
  • the direction Y corresponds to the direction of travel.
  • the displacement element 17 may be equipped with a torsion bar configured to compensate for cantilever forces.
  • the means can be equipped with a cable system combined with the torsion system and the control of the games in the system allowing a flexibility of the locking table in teta X and téta Y, to have a perfect coplanarity between the battery and the reception area on the vehicle.
  • the direction X can be compared to the direction of movement of the lifting device 15, and therefore of the actuating tool 14, between the storage structure 10 and a mounting zone and / or Emitting batteries 1 1 about vehicles.
  • the movement of the actuating tool 14 resulting from the combined operations of the lifting device 15 and the displacement element 17 has the effect of transferring the actuating tool 14 between the structure 10 and the vehicle mounting / dismounting area.
  • the displacement element 17 may comprise a carriage ensuring the displacement in the X direction of a lifting table possibly movable in the Y direction relative to the carriage and including a member movable in the Z direction using, for example, pairs of forks. cable elevators constitutes the lifting device 15.
  • the locking mechanism 13 of each storage cell 12 can be configured so that its actuation requires a constraint of the mechanism to obtain its disengagement then a rotation (for example 90 degrees) of at least one latch 21 (for example four in number) to obtain the lock and / or the unlocking the mechanism. It is also possible to provide that the actuating tool 14 is flexible in that it can be adjusted or changed to accommodate the different types of locking mechanisms that can include cells 12. Finally the means of exchange includes all the unrepresented actuators necessary for the operations of moving, lifting, actuating locking mechanisms.
  • the method of removing a battery January 1 from a storage cell 1 2 of the storage structure 10 comprises the reverse stages of those described above for the installation of the battery.
  • the removal of a battery January 1 from a storage cell 12 comprises a step of actuating the locking mechanism 13 fitted to the storage cell 12 to move it from the locked state immobilizing spatially in its storage position to the inside the storage cell 12 the battery 1 1 with which it cooperates, to the unlocked state releasing the battery 1 1 from its storage position.
  • the battery 1 1 can be removed from the cell 12 by being deposited on the tool 14, which is then lowered by the lifting device 15, to then be able to transfer the assembly formed by the tool 14 and the battery 1 1 and supported by the tool 1 4, thanks to the exchange means (including the displacement element 17) to the mounting area of the battery on a vehicle.
  • the exchange means comprises, in addition to the hardware means described above, software means allowing the hardware means to act in sequence to implement the described installation and / or removal method, in an automated, controlled and reliable.
  • the software means may in particular comprise computer programs located on a central machine of the battery exchange station 1 1.
  • a dedicated exchange station which comprises at least one storage structure 10 as mentioned above, it is possible to perform an exchange of a battery 1 1 for powering an engine electric drive of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type, by dismounting the discharged battery and coming to install it in the storage structure 10 in a manner described above, then removing a charged battery 1 1 of a cell 12 in a manner described above before transferring it and mounting it on the veh icule again.
  • This exchange station may include in particular the exchange means described above.
  • this battery exchange may therefore include a step of mounting and / or dismounting a battery on a vehicle in an area dedicated to these operations, this step comprising an actuation of a mechanism interlocking the vehicle to vary between a locked state fixing the battery on the vehicle and an unlocked state releasing the battery of the vehicle.
  • This management of the motor vehicle fleet can also be organized using a fleet management system comprising a plurality of such exchange stations.
  • Each storage cell 12 of the structure 10 may comprise connection elements 18 (FIG. 4) to an electric battery charging circuit and / or connection elements 19 (FIG. 3) to a battery cooling circuit.
  • connection elements 18 FIG. 4
  • connection elements 19 FIG. 3
  • these arrangements make it possible to achieve an electric charge and a thermal cooling of the batteries occupying their storage positions thanks to the locking mechanisms 13.
  • these cells 1 8 and 1 9 can advantageously respectively be identical to the connection elements to the battery electric charging circuit and / or the connection elements to the battery cooling circuit carried by the vehicles.
  • the carriage makes it possible to position the battery, which eliminates the actuators necessary to make the connections.
  • each of the actions 1 4 replenishes the main function of maneuver to lock and / or unlock a battery 1 1 in a storage position inside a storage cell 12 of a structure
  • this tool 14 advantageously comprises a standard interface and comprises a certain number of standard and modular components in order to obtain a tool adapted to an intervention on all types of battery and all motor vehicles.
  • Such an actuating tool 14 is also called by its English name "toolbox”.
  • some storage cells 12 of the storage structure may be provided with locking mechanisms (not shown) adapted to vary between a locked state spatially immobilizing inside the storage cell in a storage position. actuating tool 14 with which it cooperates and not a battery, and an unlocked state spatially releasing the tool 14 from its storage position.
  • the exchange means may comprise two separate lifting devices 15 each carrying an associated actuating tool 14.
  • the exchange medium can therefore dismount a battery discharged on a vehicle with one of the two devices 15 while the other already has a battery charged to be mounted on the vehicle to replace the disassembled one. It suffices, for example, to provide a pivoting of a carriage of the displacement element 17, for example at an angle of 180 degrees, which further makes it possible to lower the exchange cycle time.
  • the exchange means could have an inverted configuration between the X and Y axes, which would correspond to a storage no longer in the direction of the vehicle but perpendicular to that direction.
  • Another battery management solution would consist of transporting each disassembled battery of a vehicle by being placed on a pallet, also called "lugette".
  • the battery At the time of disassembly, the battery would be deposited on the lugette. Then the assembly formed by the battery and the lugette would be moved to the storage structure where this set would be installed in a storage cell. The assembly formed by the lugette and the battery that it supports would be deposited frontally in the storage cell until coming to rest on carrying elements constituting the lower part of this cell.
  • the battery would always rest on the lugette, which would be intended to facilitate the subsequent manipulation of the battery.
  • the main disadvantage of this solution lies in the need for large storage cells to be able to store the l ugette by the battery and the same, implying an equivalent loss of space concomitantly.
  • the solution adopted does not have this disadvantage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the installation and/or removal of a power supply battery (11) of an electric motor for driving an electric or hybrid motor vehicle in/from a storage cell (12) of a battery storage structure (10), which includes a step of actuating a locking mechanism (13) with which the storage cell is provided in order to move same between a locked state, in which the locking mechanism immobilizes, in space, the battery with which the latter engages inside the storage cell in a storage position, and an unlocked state, in which the locking mechanism frees, in space, the battery from the storage position thereof.

Description

Structure de stockage de batteries de véhicule automobile avec mécanisme de verrouillage des batteries dans les cellules de stockage  Automotive vehicle battery storage structure with locking mechanism for batteries in storage cells
Domaine technique de l'invention Technical field of the invention
L'invention se rapporte à un procédé d'installation et/ou de retrait d'un conteneur d'énergie d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride dans /hors d' une cellule de stockage d'une structure de stockage de tels conteneurs d'énergie. Elle concerne également une structure d e stockage de conteneurs d'énergie, ainsi qu'un procédé et une station d'échange de tels conteneurs d'énergie mettant en œuvre cette structure de stockage, et enfin un procédé et un système de gestion d'une flotte de véhicules automobiles électriques ou hybrides basés sur cette solution d'échange de conteneurs d'énergie. The invention relates to a method for installing and / or removing a power supply container from an electric motor drive motor of an electric or hybrid type of motor vehicle in / out of a storage cell of a storage structure of such energy containers. It also relates to an energy container storage structure, as well as a method and a station for exchanging such energy containers implementing this storage structure, and finally a method and a system for managing a storage container. fleet of electric or hybrid motor vehicles based on this energy container exchange solution.
État de la technique State of the art
Certains véhicules automobiles, comme les véhicules électriques ou hybrides, comprennent un conteneur d'énergie d'al imentation d'un moteu r él ectri q u e d 'en traîn e m ent d e type batterie électrique d'alimentation. Dans la suite de la description, le terme « batterie » sera utilisé pour une raison de simplification, comme désignant au sens large tout conteneu r d'al imentation électriq ue d 'u n moteu r électriq ue d'entraînement d'un véhicule. Il peut se révéler intéressant d'échanger cette batterie lorsque son niveau d'énergie est faible contre une nouvelle batterie chargée. Ceci peut être fait dans une station d'échange, comme par exemple une station similaire à une station-service pour le remplissage des réservoirs associés aux moteurs thermiques. On connaît du document US2010/145717 une station d'échange de batteries électriques d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule électrique et un procédé pour réaliser un tel échange. La station d'échange décrite comprend un dispositif élévateur muni d'un moyen de verrouillage et déverrouillage de la batterie sur le véhicule. Certain motor vehicles, such as electric or hybrid vehicles, comprise a power supply container for a power train type electric traction motor. In the remainder of the description, the term "battery" will be used for simplification purposes, as broadly defined as any electrical power supply container of an electric drive motor of a vehicle. It may be interesting to exchange this battery when its energy level is low against a new charged battery. This can be done in an exchange station, such as a station similar to a service station for filling tanks associated with the engines. Document US2010 / 145717 discloses a station for exchanging electric batteries for supplying an electric motor for driving an electric vehicle and a method for performing such an exchange. The exchange station described comprises a lifting device provided with a means of locking and unlocking the battery on the vehicle.
Une difficulté pour la mise en place d'un tel concept d'échange de batteries réside dans le fait qu'il existe une multitude de véhicules automobiles pouvant comprendre des batteries de types différents, fixées de manière différentes sur le véhicule automobile. Or il n'est pas envisageable économiquement de multiplier les systèmes de montage et de démontage de ces différents types de batteries ni de mettre en place une solution manuelle en raison de son coût et du poids des batteries. La solution décrite dans le document US2010/145717 ne répond pas de manière satisfaisante à cette problématique de flexibilité de la solution d'échange de batterie en raison notamment d'un manque de robustesse. A difficulty for the implementation of such a battery exchange concept lies in the fact that there is a multitude of motor vehicles that can include batteries of different types, fixed in different ways on the motor vehicle. However, it is not economically feasible to multiply the mounting and dismounting systems of these different types of batteries or to set up a manual solution because of its cost and the weight of the batteries. The solution described in the document US2010 / 145717 does not respond satisfactorily to this problem of flexibility of the battery exchange solution due in particular to a lack of robustness.
Une autre solution est décrite dans le document US2008/0053716 qui divulgue une structure de stockage de batteries comprenant un ensemble de cellules de stockage chacune délimitée en haut et en bas par des étagères constitutives de la structure et à droite et à gauche par des cloisons. Cet agencement ne répond pas à la problématique de flexibilité car les cellules de stockage sont adaptées qu'à un type unique de batteries. D e p l u s, cette solution présente les inconvénients supplémentaires de : Another solution is described in document US2008 / 0053716 which discloses a battery storage structure comprising a set of storage cells each delimited at the top and bottom by shelves constituting the structure and right and left by partitions. This arrangement does not meet the problem of flexibility because the storage cells are adapted to a single type of batteries. This solution has the additional disadvantages of:
- nécessiter une adaptation pour positionner le système de refroidissement et la connectique, disposer d'au moins deux postes ou robots, l'un pour assurer le démontage ou la réception de la batterie au poste d'échange, l'autre pour venir stocker les batteries dans les cellules de la structure de stockage. Les stations réalisées suivant ce principe possèdent donc une zone d'échange et une zone de stockage, - require an adaptation to position the cooling system and the connectors, have at least two stations or robots, one to ensure the disassembly or reception of the battery exchange station, the other to come to store the batteries in the cells of the storage structure. Stations carried out according to this principle therefore have an exchange zone and a storage area,
nécessiter d'une palette de transport pour chaque batterie lors du transport de celle-ci en dehors de la zone d'échange.  require a transport pallet for each battery when transporting it outside the exchange area.
Les architectures de ces cellules ne permettent pas d'optimiser le volume nécessaire à la station , il faut en effet avoir des tailles de cellules standards et prévoir le passage de l'outil de stockage (une allée complète par exemple). The architectures of these cells do not make it possible to optimize the volume necessary for the station, it is indeed necessary to have standard cell sizes and to envisage the passage of the storage tool (a complete alley for example).
Objet de l'invention Object of the invention
Pour rendre possible un développement aisé des solutions d'échange de batteries, il est nécessaire de rendre fiable, robuste, flexible et universel le fonctionnement de ces solutions, tout en limitant leur coût. Le but de la présente invention est de fournir une solution de structure de stockage de batteries et de procédé d'installation et/ou de retrait de batterie dans/hors de cette structure qui permettent de remédier aux problèmes évoqués précédemment. En particulier, l'invention propose une solution simple, fiable et robuste, flexible et universelle tout en étant économique. To make possible an easy development of battery exchange solutions, it is necessary to make the operation of these solutions reliable, robust, flexible and universal, while limiting their cost. The object of the present invention is to provide a battery storage structure solution and battery installation and / or removal method in / out of this structure that can overcome the problems mentioned above. In particular, the invention proposes a simple, reliable and robust, flexible and universal solution while being economical.
Un premier aspect de l'invention concerne un procédé d'installation et/ou de retra it d ' u ne batterie d 'a l i mentation d 'u n moteu r électriq ue d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride dans/hors d' une cellule de stockage d'une structure de stockage de batteries. Ce procédé est remarquable en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'actionnement d'un mécanisme de verrouillage équipant la cellule de stockage pour le faire varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage la batterie avec laquelle il coopère dans une position de stockage et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement la batterie de sa position de stockage. A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for installing and / or retrieving a power supply battery of an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type in / out of a storage cell of a battery storage structure. This process is remarkable in that it comprises a step actuating a locking mechanism equipping the storage cell to vary it between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state releasing spatially the battery from its storage position.
Ce procédé permet d'avoir une structure flexible dans laquelle on reproduit dans chaque cellule les interfaces classiques du véhicule (verrouillage, refroidissement et connectique électrique), par une simple adaptation des mécanismes de verrouillage qui équipent les cellules en fonction des batteries à stocker, de conférer une flexibilité indépendante du type de batterie et rend la solution un iverselle. Elle permet de s'affranchir de l'obligation de prévoir des palettes de transport pour les batteries entre les zones d'échange et de stockage. D'autre part, par une suppression de l'obligation d'une dépose frontale des batteries, la solution optimise le volume de la station. De plus, la taille des cellules de stockage est tout juste optimisée aux dimensions des batteries à stocker, supprimant toute perte de place dans la structure de stockage, ces cellules de stockage sont positionnées de part et d'autre du poste d'échange, ainsi, le chemin de passage de la zone d'échange sert à la fois à l'opération de démontage/montage sur véhicule, mais également à l'opération de retrait/installation sur cellule de stockage. Ces cellules de stockage sont équipées éventuellement d'un système de basculement pour permettre le dégagement des mécanismes de verrouillage/connecteurs et interfaces refroidissement depuis la structure de stockage, pour permettre le passage de la batterie dans sa position de stockage non plus par le dessous, mais transversalement. This method makes it possible to have a flexible structure in which the conventional interfaces of the vehicle (locking, cooling and electrical connections) are reproduced in each cell by a simple adaptation of the locking mechanisms which equip the cells according to the batteries to be stored, to provide flexibility independent of the type of battery and makes the solution a universal. It makes it possible to dispense with the obligation to provide transport pallets for batteries between the exchange and storage areas. On the other hand, by eliminating the requirement of a frontal deposit of the batteries, the solution optimizes the volume of the station. In addition, the size of the storage cells is just optimized to the size of the batteries to be stored, eliminating any loss of space in the storage structure, these storage cells are positioned on either side of the exchange station, and , the passage path of the exchange area serves both the disassembly / vehicle mounting operation, but also the operation of removal / installation on storage cell. These storage cells are optionally equipped with a tilting system to allow the release of locking mechanisms / connectors and cooling interfaces from the storage structure, to allow the passage of the battery in its storage position no longer from below, but transversely.
Un deuxième aspect de l'invention concerne une structure de stockage de batteries d'alimentation pour moteur électrique d'entraînement de véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, comprenant une pluralité de cellules de stockage chacune apte à loger une batterie. Cette structure est remarquable en ce que chaque cellule de stockage comprend un mécanisme de verrouillage apte à varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage la batterie avec laquelle il coopère dans une position de stockage et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement la batterie de sa position de stockage. Cette structure permet de reproduire un faux véhicule, ce qui permet lors du stockage et la charge de la batterie de retrouver une configuration identique à celle à bord du véhicule. Le moyen d'échange présente la caractéristique de se positionner sous la cellule de charge et verrouille la batterie comme il le fait à bord du véhicule. A second aspect of the invention relates to a battery storage structure for a motor vehicle electric drive motor of electric or hybrid type, comprising a plurality of storage cells each adapted to house a battery. This structure is remarkable in that each storage cell comprises a locking mechanism capable of varying between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state releasing spatially the battery from its storage position. This structure makes it possible to reproduce a false vehicle, which makes it possible during storage and the charge of the battery to find a configuration identical to that on board the vehicle. The exchange means has the characteristic of being positioned under the load cell and locks the battery as it does in the vehicle.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé et une station d'échange d'une batterie d'al imentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, remarquables en ce qu'ils comprennent un procédé d'installation et un procédé de retrait d'une batterie, et respectivement une structure de stockage, tels que mentionnés ci-dessus. Enfin l'invention concerne encore un procédé et un système de gestion d'une flotte de véh icules, remarquables en ce qu'ils comprennent respectivement au moins un échange de batteries des véhicules de la flotte et une pluralité de stations d'échange tels que mentionnés ci- dessus. The invention also relates to a method and a station for exchanging a battery for supplying an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type, which are remarkable in that they comprise a method of installation and method of removing a battery, and respectively a storage structure, as mentioned above. Finally, the invention also relates to a method and a system for managing a fleet of vehicles, which are remarkable in that they respectively comprise at least one battery exchange of fleet vehicles and a plurality of exchange stations such as mentioned above.
Description sommaire des dessins Brief description of the drawings
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qu i va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés sur les dessins annexés, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de structure de stockage, Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given as non-restrictive examples and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a storage structure,
- les figures 2 à 4 illustrent respectivement un mécanisme de verrouillage et de basculement, et des éléments de connexion et de raccordement qui équipent une cellule de stockage,  FIGS. 2 to 4 respectively illustrate a locking and tilting mechanism, and connection and connection elements that equip a storage cell,
- les figures 5 et 6 montrent un exemple d'outil d'actionnement, de dispositif de levage et d'élément de déplacement,  FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example of an actuating tool, a lifting device and a displacement element,
- la figure 7 illustre les éléments des figures 5 et 6, dans une situation de coopération avec la structure de stockage.  - Figure 7 illustrates the elements of Figures 5 and 6, in a cooperative situation with the storage structure.
Description de modes préférentiels de l'invention Description of preferred modes of the invention
La figure 1 illustre un exemple de structure de stockage 1 0 selon un aspect de l'invention, destinée à recevoir des conteneurs d'énergie adaptés pour réaliser l'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride. Une batterie 1 1 est par exemple visible sur les figures 5 à 7. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a storage structure 10 according to one aspect of the invention, intended to receive energy containers adapted to supply power to an electric drive motor of an electric type motor vehicle. or hybrid. A battery 1 1 is for example visible in Figures 5 to 7.
Cette structure de stockage 10 peut par exemple appartenir à une station d'échange de batterie, conçue pour permettre de démonter d'un véhicule une batterie présentant un niveau faible d'énergie électrique, de venir l'installer dans la structure 10 grâce à un moyen d'échange décrit ultérieurement, lequel retire une nouvelle batterie chargée depuis une cellule de stockage de la structure 10 puis vient la monter sur le véhicule. Toutefois, la structure 10 peut trouver application dans tout lieu nécessitant une manipulation de batteries interchangeables, comme par exemple une usine de fabrication automobile, un réseau de distribution automobile ou d'après-vente, voire même des centres de réparation. La structure de stockage 10 comprend une pluralité de cellules de stockage 12 chacune apte à loger une batterie 1 1 . Les cellules de stockage 12 sont par exemple organisées en rangées et en colonnes. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , la structure comprend trois colonnes comprenant chacune deux cellules 12 superposées. Ainsi, la structure 10 comprend deux rangées superposées chacune de trois cellules 12 alignées. Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux non représenté, les cellules 12 d'une même rangée peuvent être mobiles le long de cette rangée. Cette possibilité peut même être prévue de sorte à offrir un degré de liberté des cellules 12 relativement entre elles. Ces dispositions permettent d'une part de proposer une structure 10 en nid d'abeille modulable en fonction des types de batterie, notamment en fonction de leurs dimensions, et d'autre part de pouvoir positionner une batterie à reti rer d ' u n e cel l u l e en vis-à-vis du moyen d'échange sans avoir nécessairement besoin de déplacer celui-ci, afin d'améliorer le temps de cycle d'échange de batterie. This storage structure 10 may for example belong to a battery exchange station, designed to remove a vehicle from a battery having a low level of electrical energy, to come to install in the structure 10 with a exchange means described later, which removes a new battery charged from a storage cell of the structure 10 and comes to mount it on the vehicle. However, the structure 10 can find application in any place requiring manipulation of interchangeable batteries, such as a car manufacturing plant, a car distribution network or after-sales, or even repair centers. The storage structure 10 comprises a plurality of storage cells 12 each capable of housing a battery January 1. The cells of storage 12 are for example organized in rows and columns. In the example of FIG. 1, the structure comprises three columns each comprising two superposed cells 12. Thus, the structure 10 comprises two rows superimposed each of three aligned cells 12. In an advantageous embodiment not shown, the cells 12 of the same row can be movable along this row. This possibility can even be provided so as to offer a degree of freedom of the cells 12 relative to each other. These arrangements make it possible, on the one hand, to propose a honeycomb structure 10 which can be modulated according to the types of battery, in particular according to their dimensions, and on the other hand to be able to position a battery to be removed from a cell. vis-à-vis the exchange means without necessarily having to move it, to improve the battery exchange cycle time.
Selon une caractéristique essentielle, chaque cellule de stockage 12 comprend un mécanisme de verrouillage 13, visible isolément sur la figure 2 par exemple, apte à varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage 12 la batterie 1 1 avec laquelle il coopère dans une position de stockage et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement la batterie 1 1 de sa position de stockage. Ainsi l'installation d'une batterie 1 1 dans une cellule de stockage 12 comprend une étape d'actionnement du mécanisme de verrouillage 13 équipant la cellule de stockage 12 pour le faire passer de l'état déverrouillé vers l'état verrouillé pour immobiliser spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage 12 la batterie avec laquelle il coopère dans sa position de stockage. Pour accomplir cette étape d'actionnement, un outil d'actionnement 14 (visible sur les figures 5 et 6) peut être utilisé afin de manœuvrer le mécanisme de verrouillage 13 de la cellule de stockage 12, cette manœuvre pouvant se faire par exemple par le dessous de la cellule de stockage 12. La structure de stockage 10 peut avantageusement être configurée de sorte à proposer un accès par le dessous des cellules de stockage 12 pour que la manœuvre du mécanisme de verrouillage 13 d'une cellule de stockage 12 donnée puisse se pratiquer par le dessous de la cellule de stockage 12. According to an essential characteristic, each storage cell 12 comprises a locking mechanism 13, visible singly in FIG. 2 for example, able to vary between a locked state immobilizing spatially inside the storage cell 12 the battery 1 1 with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state spatially releasing the battery 1 1 from its storage position. Thus the installation of a battery January 1 in a storage cell 12 comprises a step of actuating the locking mechanism 13 fitted to the storage cell 12 to move it from the unlocked state to the locked state to spatially immobilize inside the storage cell 12 the battery with which it cooperates in its storage position. To accomplish this actuation step, an actuating tool 14 (visible in FIGS. 5 and 6) can be used to maneuver the locking mechanism 13 of the storage cell 12, this maneuver being possible for example by the below the storage cell 12. The storage structure 10 can advantageously be configured to provide access from below the storage cells 12 so that the operation of the locking mechanism 13 of a given storage cell 12 can be performed from below the storage cell 12.
Il est possible de prévoir un basculement du cadre délimitant la cellule, permettant le dégagement de celle-ci hors de la structure lors de la mise en stockage par exemple, et donc ne nécessite plus un montage par le dessous mais quasiment de manière transversale. A cet effet, le cadre peut être équipé d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs de basculement repéré 16 sur la figure 2. It is possible to provide a tilting of the frame delimiting the cell, allowing the release thereof from the structure during storage, for example, and therefore no longer requires mounting from below but almost transversely. For this purpose, the frame may be equipped with one or more tilting devices marked 16 in FIG.
Le m oye n d ' éch a n g e peu t être co nfig u ré d e so rte q u e l'étape d'actionnement puisse comprendre un levage simultané de l'outil d'actionnement 14 et de la batterie. Pour cela, l'outil d'actionnement 14 peut être sol idaire d'un dispositif de levage 1 5 et configuré de sorte à supporter la batterie hors de la zone de la cellule de stockage 1 2, ce dispositif de levage 15 pouvant par ailleurs être monté sur un élément de déplacement 17 configuré pour translater le dispositif de levage 15 dans au moins une direction, ou dans deux directions perpendiculaires X et Y sur la figure 6. Ainsi le moyen d'échange comprend au moins l'outil d'actionnement 14, le dispositif de levage 15 et l'élément de déplacement 17. La d i rection verticale d e levage repérée Z est conjo intement perpendiculaire aux directions de déplacement X, Y du dispositif de levage 15. Par exemple la d irection Y correspond à la d irection de déplacement du dispositif de levage 15, et donc de l'outil d'actionnement 14, pour venir coopérer avec l'un des mécanismes 13 d'une des cellules de stockage 1 2 (voir notamment la figure 7 qui illustre cette situation où le d ispositif 1 5 est en porte-à-faux à l'intérieur de la structure 1 0 par rapport à l'élément de déplacement 1 7). Des chevalets 20 peuvent être prévus pour la reprise d'efforts pour compenser la flexion liée au porte-à- faux du moyen. The m oye nd echange can be con fired so that the actuation step may include a simultaneous lifting of the actuating tool 14 and the battery. For this, the actuating tool 14 can be sol idaire a hoist 1 5 and configured to support the battery out of the area of the storage cell 1 2, this lifting device 15 may moreover be mounted on a displacement element 17 configured to translate the lifting device 15 in at least one direction, or in two perpendicular directions X and Y in FIG. 6. Thus, the exchange means comprises at least the actuating tool 14, the lifting device 15 and the displacement element 17. The vertical lifting direction marked Z is conjointly perpendicular to the directions of movement X, Y of the lifting device 15. For example, the direction Y corresponds to the direction of travel. irection of displacement of the lifting device 15, and therefore of the actuating tool 14, to cooperate with one of the mechanisms 13 of one of the storage cells 1 2 (see in particular Figure 7 which illustrates this situation where the ispo sitif 1 5 is cantilevered within the structure 1 0 relative to the displacement element 1 7). Easels 20 can be provided for the recovery of efforts to compensate for the bending related to the cantilever means.
Avantageusement, l'élément de déplacement 17 peut être équipé d'une barre de torsion configurée de sorte à compenser les efforts de porte-à- faux. Le moyen peut être équipé d'un système à câble combiné au système de torsion et à la maîtrise des jeux dans le système permettant une flexibilité de la table de verrouillage en téta X et téta Y, pour avoir une parfaite coplanarité entre la batterie et la surface d'accueil sur le véhicule. Advantageously, the displacement element 17 may be equipped with a torsion bar configured to compensate for cantilever forces. The means can be equipped with a cable system combined with the torsion system and the control of the games in the system allowing a flexibility of the locking table in teta X and téta Y, to have a perfect coplanarity between the battery and the reception area on the vehicle.
La d i rection X q u ant à el le peut correspond re à la direction de déplacement du dispositif de levage 15, et donc de l'outil d'actionnement 14, entre la structure de stockage 10 et une zone de montage et/ou de d émontag e d e batteries 1 1 su r d es véhicules. L'ensemble des mouvements de l'outil d'actionnement 1 4 résultant des opérations combinées du dispositif de levage 15 et de l'élément de déplacement 17 a pour effet de réaliser un transfert de l'outil d'actionnement 14 entre la structure 10 et la zone de montage/démontage sur véhicule. L'élément de déplacement 17 peut comprendre un chariot assurant le déplacement selon la direction X d'une table élévatrice éventuellement mobile selon la direction Y relativement au chariot et dont un élément mobile selon la direction Z à l'aide par exemple de paires de fourches élévatrices par câbles constitue le dispositif de levage 15. The direction X can be compared to the direction of movement of the lifting device 15, and therefore of the actuating tool 14, between the storage structure 10 and a mounting zone and / or Emitting batteries 1 1 about vehicles. The movement of the actuating tool 14 resulting from the combined operations of the lifting device 15 and the displacement element 17 has the effect of transferring the actuating tool 14 between the structure 10 and the vehicle mounting / dismounting area. The displacement element 17 may comprise a carriage ensuring the displacement in the X direction of a lifting table possibly movable in the Y direction relative to the carriage and including a member movable in the Z direction using, for example, pairs of forks. cable elevators constitutes the lifting device 15.
À titre d'exemple présentant l'avantage de sa rapidité et de sa facilité de mise en œuvre, le mécanisme de verrouillage 13 de chaque cellule de stockage 12 peut être configuré de sorte que son actionnement nécessite une mise en contrainte du mécanisme pour obtenir son débrayage puis une rotation (par exemple de 90 degrés) d'au moins un verrou 21 (par exemple au nombre de quatre) pour obtenir le verrouillage et/ou le déverrouillage du mécanisme. Il est également possible de prévoir que l'outil d'actionnement 14 soit flexible en ce sens qu'il puisse être réglé ou changé pour s'adapter aux différents types de mécanismes de verrouillage que peuvent comprendre les cellules 12. Enfin le moyen d'échange comprend tous les actionneurs non représentés nécessaires aux opérations de déplacement, de levage, d'actionnement des mécanismes de verrouillage. As an example having the advantage of its speed and its ease of implementation, the locking mechanism 13 of each storage cell 12 can be configured so that its actuation requires a constraint of the mechanism to obtain its disengagement then a rotation (for example 90 degrees) of at least one latch 21 (for example four in number) to obtain the lock and / or the unlocking the mechanism. It is also possible to provide that the actuating tool 14 is flexible in that it can be adjusted or changed to accommodate the different types of locking mechanisms that can include cells 12. Finally the means of exchange includes all the unrepresented actuators necessary for the operations of moving, lifting, actuating locking mechanisms.
Enfin, le procédé de retrait d'une batterie 1 1 depuis une cellule de stockage 1 2 d e l a structu re de stockage 10 comprend les étapes inverses de celles décrites ci-dessus pour l'installation de la batterie. Ainsi le retrait d'une batterie 1 1 depuis une cellule de stockage 12 comprend une étape d'actionnement du mécanisme de verrouillage 13 équipant la cellule de stockage 12 pour le faire passer de l'état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement dans sa position de stockage à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage 12 la batterie 1 1 avec laquelle il coopère, vers l'état déverrouillé libérant la batterie 1 1 de sa position de stockage. La batterie 1 1 peut être retirée de la cellule 12 en étant déposée sur l'outil 14, lequel est ensuite abaissé par le dispositif de levage 15, pour pouvoir ensuite accomplir un transfert de l'ensemble formé par l'outil 14 et la batterie 1 1 ainsi supportée par l'outil 1 4, grâce au moyen d'échange (notamment l'élément de déplacement 17), jusqu'à la zone de montage de la batterie sur un véhicule. Naturellement, le moyen d'échange comprend, outre les moyens matériels décrits précédemment, des moyens logiciels permettant aux moyens matériels d'agir en séquence pour mettre en œuvre le procédé d'installation et/ou de retrait décrit, de manière automatisée, contrôlée et fiable. Les moyens logiciels peuvent notamment comprendre des programmes d'ordinateur se trouvant sur un automate central de la station d'échange de batteries 1 1 . D'autre part, dans une station d'échange dédiée et qui comprend au moins une structure de stockage 10 telle qu'évoquée ci-dessus, il est possible de réaliser un échange d'une batterie 1 1 d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, en démontant la batterie déchargée et en venant l'installer dans la structure de stockage 10 d'une manière décrite précédemment, puis en retirant une batterie chargée 1 1 d'une cellule 12 d'une manière décrite ci-dessus avant de la transférer et de la monter sur le véh icule à nouveau. Cette station d'échange peut notamment comporter le moyen d'échange décrit ci-dessus. Finally, the method of removing a battery January 1 from a storage cell 1 2 of the storage structure 10 comprises the reverse stages of those described above for the installation of the battery. Thus, the removal of a battery January 1 from a storage cell 12 comprises a step of actuating the locking mechanism 13 fitted to the storage cell 12 to move it from the locked state immobilizing spatially in its storage position to the inside the storage cell 12 the battery 1 1 with which it cooperates, to the unlocked state releasing the battery 1 1 from its storage position. The battery 1 1 can be removed from the cell 12 by being deposited on the tool 14, which is then lowered by the lifting device 15, to then be able to transfer the assembly formed by the tool 14 and the battery 1 1 and supported by the tool 1 4, thanks to the exchange means (including the displacement element 17) to the mounting area of the battery on a vehicle. Naturally, the exchange means comprises, in addition to the hardware means described above, software means allowing the hardware means to act in sequence to implement the described installation and / or removal method, in an automated, controlled and reliable. The software means may in particular comprise computer programs located on a central machine of the battery exchange station 1 1. On the other hand, in a dedicated exchange station and which comprises at least one storage structure 10 as mentioned above, it is possible to perform an exchange of a battery 1 1 for powering an engine electric drive of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type, by dismounting the discharged battery and coming to install it in the storage structure 10 in a manner described above, then removing a charged battery 1 1 of a cell 12 in a manner described above before transferring it and mounting it on the veh icule again. This exchange station may include in particular the exchange means described above.
Dans un mode de réalisation possible mais non limitatif, cet échange de batterie peut donc comporter une étape de montage et/ou de démontage d'une batterie sur un véhicule dans une zone dédiée à ces opérations, cette étape comprenant un actionnement d'un mécanisme de verrouillage équipant le véhicule pour le faire varier entre un état verrouillé fixant la batterie sur le véhicule et un état déverrouillé libérant la batterie du véhicule. In a possible but non-limiting embodiment, this battery exchange may therefore include a step of mounting and / or dismounting a battery on a vehicle in an area dedicated to these operations, this step comprising an actuation of a mechanism interlocking the vehicle to vary between a locked state fixing the battery on the vehicle and an unlocked state releasing the battery of the vehicle.
Il devient donc possible d'envisager une gestion d'une flotte de véhicules automobiles de type électrique ou hybride, dans laquelle au moins un échange des batteries d'alimentation des moteurs électriques d'entraînement des véhicules de la flotte est réalisé en appliquant le principe d'échange décrit ci-dessus. Cet échange peut également prévoir éventuellement un transfert d'un outil d'actionnement des mécanismes de verrouillage équipant les véhicules et les cellules de stockage 12 entre la structure de stockage 10 et la zone de montage et/ou de démontage de batterie sur véhicule. Cette possibilité sera notamment envisagée avantageusement dans le cas particulier où les véhicules de la flotte sont configurés de sorte que les mécanismes de verrouillage qui les équipent sont manœuvrables par le même outil d'actionnement 14 que celui qui manœuvre les cellules de stockage 12 de la structure de stockage 10. À titre d'exemple, les mécanismes de verrouillage qui équipent les véhicules peuvent être identiques aux mécanismes de verrouillage 13 que comprennent les cellules de stockage 12 des structures de stockage 10 des stations d'échange. It therefore becomes possible to envisage management of a fleet of electric or hybrid type motor vehicles, in which at least one exchange of the power supply batteries of the electric motors for driving the vehicles of the fleet is carried out by applying the principle exchange described above. This exchange may also possibly provide for a transfer of a tool for actuating the locking mechanisms fitted to the vehicles and the storage cells 12 between the storage structure 10 and the mounting and / or dismounting area of the battery on the vehicle. This possibility will be particularly advantageous in the particular case where the vehicles of the fleet are configured so that the locking mechanisms that equip them are maneuverable by the same actuating tool 14 that one maneuvering the storage cells 12 of the storage structure 10. By way of example, the locking mechanisms that equip the vehicles may be identical to the locking mechanisms 13 that include the storage cells 12 of the storage structures 10 of the exchange stations.
Cette gestion de la flotte de véhicules automobiles peut en outre être organisée à l'aide d'un système de gestion de cette flotte comprenant une pluralité de telles stations d'échange. This management of the motor vehicle fleet can also be organized using a fleet management system comprising a plurality of such exchange stations.
Chaque cellule de stockage 12 de la structure 10 peut comporter des éléments de connexion 18 (figure 4) à un circuit de recharge électrique de batterie et/ou des éléments de raccordement 19 (figure 3) à un circuit de refroidissement de batterie. Ces dispositions permettent de réaliser une charge électrique et un refroidissement thermique des batteries occupant leurs positions de stockage grâce aux mécanismes de verrouillage 13. Dans la solution de gestion d'une flotte de véhicules, ces é l é m e n ts 1 8 et 1 9 peuvent avantageusement être respectivement identiques aux éléments de connexion au circuit de recharge électrique de batterie et/ou aux éléments de raccordement au circuit de refroidissement de batterie portés par les véhicules. De plus le chariot permet de mettre en position la batterie ce qui supprime les actionneurs nécessaires pour procéder aux connections. Each storage cell 12 of the structure 10 may comprise connection elements 18 (FIG. 4) to an electric battery charging circuit and / or connection elements 19 (FIG. 3) to a battery cooling circuit. These arrangements make it possible to achieve an electric charge and a thermal cooling of the batteries occupying their storage positions thanks to the locking mechanisms 13. In the vehicle fleet management solution, these cells 1 8 and 1 9 can advantageously respectively be identical to the connection elements to the battery electric charging circuit and / or the connection elements to the battery cooling circuit carried by the vehicles. In addition, the carriage makes it possible to position the battery, which eliminates the actuators necessary to make the connections.
Chaq u e outi l d 'action nement 1 4 rem pl it la fonction pri nci pal e de manœuvre pour verrouiller et/ou déverrouiller une batterie 1 1 dans une position de stockage à l'intérieur d'une cellule de stockage 12 d'une structure de stockage 1 0. Pour cela, cet outil 14 comprend de manière avantageuse une interface standard et comprend un certain nombre de composants standards et modulaires afin d'obtenir un outil adapté pour une intervention sur tous types de batterie et tous véhicules automobiles. Un tel outil d'actionnement 14 est aussi appelé par sa dénomination anglo-saxonne « toolbox ». D'autre part, certaines cellules de stockage 12 de la structure de stockage peuvent être pourvues de mécanismes de verrouillage (non représentés) conçus pour varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage dans une position de stockage un outil d'actionnement 14 avec lequel il coopère et non plus une batterie, et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement l'outil 14 de sa position de stockage. Each of the actions 1 4 replenishes the main function of maneuver to lock and / or unlock a battery 1 1 in a storage position inside a storage cell 12 of a structure For this purpose, this tool 14 advantageously comprises a standard interface and comprises a certain number of standard and modular components in order to obtain a tool adapted to an intervention on all types of battery and all motor vehicles. Such an actuating tool 14 is also called by its English name "toolbox". On the other hand, some storage cells 12 of the storage structure may be provided with locking mechanisms (not shown) adapted to vary between a locked state spatially immobilizing inside the storage cell in a storage position. actuating tool 14 with which it cooperates and not a battery, and an unlocked state spatially releasing the tool 14 from its storage position.
Enfin , il est possible de prévoir q ue le moyen d'échange pu isse comporter deux dispositifs de levage 15 distincts portant chacun un outil d'actionnement 14 associé. Le m oyen d'échange peut donc ven ir démonter une batterie déchargée sur un véhicule avec l'un des deux dispositifs 15 tandis que l'autre comporte déjà une batterie chargée à monter sur le véhicule en substitution de celle démontée. Il suffit par exemple de prévoir un pivotement d'un chariot de l'élément de déplacement 17, par exemple selon un angle de 180 degrés, ce qui permet encore d'abaisser le temps de cycle d'échange. Finally, it is possible to provide that the exchange means may comprise two separate lifting devices 15 each carrying an associated actuating tool 14. The exchange medium can therefore dismount a battery discharged on a vehicle with one of the two devices 15 while the other already has a battery charged to be mounted on the vehicle to replace the disassembled one. It suffices, for example, to provide a pivoting of a carriage of the displacement element 17, for example at an angle of 180 degrees, which further makes it possible to lower the exchange cycle time.
Il convient de préciser que le moyen d'échange pourrait présenter une configuration inversée entre les axes X et Y, ce qui correspondrait à un stockage non plus dans le sens du véhicule mais perpendiculairement à ce sens. It should be noted that the exchange means could have an inverted configuration between the X and Y axes, which would correspond to a storage no longer in the direction of the vehicle but perpendicular to that direction.
Finalement, la solution décrite atteint bien l'objet recherché et présente les avantages suivants : Finally, the described solution achieves the desired object and has the following advantages:
- une gestion aisée de la diversité des batteries dans les stations d'échange, - une assurance de respecter l'intégrité de chaque batterie pendant tout le cycle d'échange, - easy management of the diversity of batteries in exchange stations, - an assurance to respect the integrity of each battery during the entire exchange cycle,
- une mise en œuvre simple et peu onéreuse,  - a simple and inexpensive implementation,
- une standardisation possible des interfaces de manutention, - une possibilité de charger différents outil d'actionnement 14 en fonction des types de batterie et/ou des types de mécanisme de verrouillage,  a possible standardization of the handling interfaces, a possibility of loading different actuating tools according to the types of battery and / or the types of locking mechanism,
- assurer le montage correct de la batterie dans le véhicule et dans la cellule.  - ensure the correct installation of the battery in the vehicle and in the cell.
En remarque, une autre solution de gestion des batteries consisterait à transporter chaque batterie démontée d'un véhicule en étant disposée sur une palette, aussi appelée « lugette ». Au moment du démontage, la batterie serait déposée sur la lugette. Puis l'ensemble formé par la batterie et la lugette serait déplacé jusqu'à la structure de stockage où cet ensemble serait installé dans une cellule de stockage. L'ensemble formé par la lugette et la batterie qu'elle supporte serait déposé frontalement dans la cellule de stockage jusqu'à venir reposer sur des éléments de portage constitutifs de la partie basse de cette cellule. Ainsi, en position de stockage dans la cellule, la batterie reposerait toujours sur la lugette, laquelle serait destinée à faciliter la manipulation ultérieure de la batterie. Le principal inconvénient de cette solution résiderait dans la nécessité d'aménager des cellules de stockage de grandes dimensions pou r pouvoir stocker la l ugette en pl us de la batterie el le-même, impliquant concomitamment une perte de place équivalente. La solution retenue ne présente pas cet inconvénient. As a note, another battery management solution would consist of transporting each disassembled battery of a vehicle by being placed on a pallet, also called "lugette". At the time of disassembly, the battery would be deposited on the lugette. Then the assembly formed by the battery and the lugette would be moved to the storage structure where this set would be installed in a storage cell. The assembly formed by the lugette and the battery that it supports would be deposited frontally in the storage cell until coming to rest on carrying elements constituting the lower part of this cell. Thus, in the storage position in the cell, the battery would always rest on the lugette, which would be intended to facilitate the subsequent manipulation of the battery. The main disadvantage of this solution lies in the need for large storage cells to be able to store the l ugette by the battery and the same, implying an equivalent loss of space concomitantly. The solution adopted does not have this disadvantage.

Claims

Revendications claims
1 . Procédé d'installation et/ou de retrait d'une batterie (1 1 ) d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride dans/hors d' une cellule de stockage (12) d'une structure de stockage (10) de batteries, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'actionnement d'un mécanisme de verrouillage (13) équipant la cellule de stockage pour le faire varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage la batterie avec laquelle il coopère dans une position de stockage et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement la batterie de sa position de stockage. 1. Method for installing and / or removing a battery (1 1) for supplying an electric motor drive motor of an electric or hybrid type of motor vehicle into / out of a storage cell (12) a storage structure (10) batteries, characterized in that it comprises a step of actuating a locking mechanism (13) equipping the storage cell to vary between a locked state immobilizing spatially to the inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state spatially releasing the battery from its storage position.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'actionnement comprend l'utilisation d'un outil d'actionnement (14) manœuvrant le mécanisme de verrouillage de la cellule de stockage par le dessous de la cellule de stockage. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating step comprises the use of an actuating tool (14) maneuvering the locking mechanism of the storage cell from below the storage cell. .
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'actionnement comprend un levage de l'outil d'actionnement supportant la batterie pendant son transport hors de la cellule de stockage. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the actuating step comprises a lifting of the actuating tool supporting the battery during its transport out of the storage cell.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'actionnement comprend une mise en contrainte du mécanisme de verrouillage pour obtenir son débrayage puis une rotation d'au moins un verrou pour obtenir le verrouillage et/ou le déverrouillage. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuating step comprises a stressing of the locking mechanism to obtain its disengagement and rotation of at least one lock to obtain the locking and / or unlocking.
5. Structure de stockage (10) de batteries (1 1 ) d'alimentation pour moteur électrique d'entraînement de véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, comprenant une pluralité de cellules de stockage (12) chacune apte à loger une batterie, caractérisée en ce que chaque cellule de stockage comprend un mécanisme de verrouillage (13) apte à varier entre un état verrouillé immobilisant spatialement à l'intérieur de la cellule de stockage la batterie avec laquelle il coopère dans une position de stockage et un état déverrouillé libérant spatialement la batterie de sa position de stockage. 5. Storage structure (10) of batteries (1 1) for supplying electrical motor drive motor of electric or hybrid type motor, comprising a plurality of storage cells (12) each adapted to house a battery, characterized in that each storage cell comprises a locking mechanism (13) adapted to vary between a locked state spatially immobilizing inside the storage cell the battery with which it cooperates in a storage position and an unlocked state spatially releasing the battery from its storage position.
6. Structure selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les cellules de stockage sont organisées en rangées et en colonnes, les cellules d'une même rangée étant mobiles le long de cette rangée. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the storage cells are organized in rows and columns, the cells of the same row being movable along this row.
7. Procédé d'échange d'une batterie d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un procédé d'installation et un procédé de retrait d'une batterie selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4. 7. A method of exchanging a battery for powering an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle of the electric or hybrid type, characterized in that it comprises an installation method and a method for removing electricity. A battery according to one of claims 1 to 4.
8. Procédé d'échange selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une étape de montage et/ou de démontage d'une batterie sur un véhicule, cette étape comprenant un actionnement d'un mécanisme de verrouillage équipant le véhicule pour le faire varier entre un état verrouillé fixant la batterie sur le véhicule et un état déverrouillé libérant la batterie du véhicule. 8. The exchange method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a step of mounting and / or dismounting a battery on a vehicle, this step comprising an actuation of a locking mechanism fitted to the vehicle for vary it between a locked state fixing the battery on the vehicle and an unlocked state releasing the battery of the vehicle.
9. Procédé d'échange selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de transfert d'un outil d'actionnement (14) des mécanismes de verrouillage équipant le véhicule et les cellules de stockage entre la structure de stockage et une zone de montage et/ou de démontage de batterie sur un véhicule. 9. The exchange method according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a step of transferring an actuating tool (14) locking mechanisms equipping the vehicle and the storage cells between the storage structure and a battery mounting and / or dismounting zone on a vehicle.
10. Station d'échange d'une batterie d'alimentation d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile de type électrique ou hybride, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une structure de stockage (10) selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6. 10. Exchange station of a power supply battery of an electric motor drive motor of a motor vehicle of electric or hybrid type, characterized in that it comprises at least one storage structure (10) according to the invention. one of claims 5 or 6.
1 1 . Station d'échange selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un outil d'actionnement (14) d'une part manœuvrant le mécanisme de verrouillage (13) des cellules de stockage par le dessous et solidaire d'un dispositif de levage (15), et d'autre part supportant la batterie pendant son transport hors de la cellule de stockage. 1 1. Exchange station according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one actuating tool (14) on the one hand maneuvering the locking mechanism (13) of the storage cells from below and secured to a lifting device (15), and secondly supporting the battery during its transport out of the storage cell.
12. Station d'échange selon la revendication 1 1 , caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de levage est monté sur un élément de déplacement (17) configuré pour translater le dispositif de levage dans au moins une direction, ou dans deux directions (X, Y) perpendiculaires. 12. Exchange station according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the lifting device is mounted on a displacement element (17) configured to translate the lifting device in at least one direction, or in two directions (X, Y) perpendicular.
13. Procédé de gestion d'une flotte de véhicules automobiles de type électrique ou hybride, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un échange des batteries d'alimentation des moteurs électriques d'entraînement des véh icules de la flotte réalisé en appliquant un procédé d'échange selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9. 13. A method for managing a fleet of motor vehicles of the electric or hybrid type, characterized in that it comprises at least one exchange of the power supply batteries of the electric drive motors of the veh icules of the fleet made by applying a exchange process according to one of claims 7 to 9.
14. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les véhicules de la flotte sont configurés de sorte que les mécanismes de verrouillage qui les équipent sont manœuvrés par le même outil d'actionnement (14) que celui qui manœuvre les mécanismes de verrouillage des cellules de stockage de la structure de stockage. 14. Management method according to claim 13, characterized in that the vehicles of the fleet are configured so that the locking mechanisms that equip them are maneuvered by the same actuating tool (14) that the maneuvering the mechanisms of locking the storage cells of the storage structure.
15. Système de gestion d'une flotte de véhicules automobiles de type électrique ou hybride, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de stations d'échange selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12. 15. Management system for a fleet of motor vehicles of electric or hybrid type, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of exchange stations according to one of claims 10 to 12.
16. Système de gestion selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les véhicules de la flotte sont configurés de sorte que les mécanismes de verrouillage qui les équipent sont identiques aux mécanismes de verrouillage que comprennent tout ou partie des cellules de stockage des structures de stockage des stations d'échange. 16. Management system according to claim 15, characterized in that the vehicles of the fleet are configured so that the locking mechanisms that equip them are identical to the locking mechanisms that include all or part of the storage cells storage structures exchange stations.
17. Système de gestion selon l'une des revendications 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de connexion (18) à un circuit de recharge électrique de batterie et/ou des éléments de raccordement (19) à un circuit de refroidissement de batterie qui équipent chaque cellule de stockage de la structure de stockage sont respectivement identiques aux éléments de connexion électrique de batterie et/ou aux éléments de raccordement au circuit de refroidissement de batterie portés par les véhicules. 17. Management system according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that connection elements (18) to a battery electric charging circuit and / or connecting elements (19) to a cooling circuit of battery that equip each storage cell of the storage structure are respectively identical to the battery electrical connection elements and / or the connection elements to the battery cooling circuit carried by the vehicles.
EP12753767.8A 2011-08-02 2012-07-30 Structure for storing motor vehicle batteries having a mechanism for locking the batteries in the storage cells Withdrawn EP2739511A1 (en)

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FR1157091A FR2978717B1 (en) 2011-08-02 2011-08-02 AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE BATTERY STORAGE STRUCTURE WITH BATTERY LOCK MECHANISM IN STORAGE CELLS
PCT/FR2012/051795 WO2013017793A1 (en) 2011-08-02 2012-07-30 Structure for storing motor vehicle batteries having a mechanism for locking the batteries in the storage cells

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FR2978717A1 (en) 2013-02-08
CN103842219A (en) 2014-06-04
FR2978717B1 (en) 2014-02-14

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