EP2735016A1 - Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le vide - Google Patents
Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le videInfo
- Publication number
- EP2735016A1 EP2735016A1 EP12735920.6A EP12735920A EP2735016A1 EP 2735016 A1 EP2735016 A1 EP 2735016A1 EP 12735920 A EP12735920 A EP 12735920A EP 2735016 A1 EP2735016 A1 EP 2735016A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- type
- layers
- semiconductor device
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
- H01J1/308—Semiconductor cathodes, e.g. cathodes with PN junction layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to so-called cold electron sources using a semiconductor diode.
- thermoelectronic cathodes used the thermoelectronic emission obtained by heating electron sources called thermionic cathodes, at temperatures in the region of 1000 ° C. Due to the physical principle used, these cathodes are limited in terms of electron current emitted and lifetime and furthermore have the disadvantage of having a fairly long time, of the order of one minute, for the obtaining the stabilized emission of electrons at the time of their heating, or of their ignition.
- thermionic emission source electron tubes for example, in the case of TOP traveling wave power tubes, solutions using electron emission using sources cold semiconductors were studied to replace thermionic emission. These types of cold source emissions exploit the avalanche ionization type internal emission or the tunnel effect field emission to emit or extract electrons from the semiconductor material.
- the electron emission is obtained from a diode PN Silicon or Gallium arsenide directly polarized, the area P being placed on the surface which is covered a layer of cesium oxide.
- the role of this cesium layer is twofold:
- Cesium oxide is, however, chemically unstable and it is necessary to operate the diode under high vacuum to increase its service life. Even under these conditions, the oxide layer degrades too rapidly for the device to be used in the tubes.
- the maximum energy that the electrons can acquire is limited to the curvature of the bands in the vicinity of the surface and is at best of the order of the width of the forbidden band of the materials used (typically less than 2eV). The energy acquired by the electrons during the crossing of this zone is therefore less than the electronic affinity of these materials which is of the order of 4eV.
- the majority of electrons can not acquire sufficient energy to be emitted in a vacuum and only a small fraction, the most energetic of the electronic distribution, out of the material, resulting in a low emission efficiency.
- a metal of low electronic affinity replaces the cesium oxide layer.
- the realized structure is used in diode mode, the electrical contacts being taken on the doped part N of the diode and on the metal of low electronic affinity.
- the gain in emission obtained by lowering the electron affinity using the material placed on the surface is annihilated by the energy losses induced by the collisions of the hot electrons with the network of the metal through.
- a second solution uses a PN diode made of silicon or gallium arsenide which is reverse biased beyond its avalanche breakdown voltage, the N zone being placed on the surface.
- the current is obtained by avalanche multiplication and only the electrons having an energy higher than the electronic affinity of the material are emitted in vacuum.
- a fourth solution uses a NPN GaN bipolar transistor or the contact of the collector layer placed on the surface is pierced so as to allow the emission of electrons in a vacuum.
- the direct-polarized base-emitter junction allows the supply of electrons
- the reverse-biased base-collector junction provides the electrons with the energy needed to extract the semiconductor.
- the impossibility of obtaining a high concentration of holes at ambient temperature for P-doped GaN results in a high value of the access resistance of the base. This results in the appearance of a lateral depolarization phenomenon of the base-collector junction resulting in a concentration of the current at the periphery of the component.
- the effective emitting surface is thus greatly reduced and represents only a small fraction of the total surface of the transistor, which results in a low efficiency of the emission.
- the invention proposes a semiconductor device for emitting electrons in a vacuum comprising a stack of q semiconductor layers, q being a higher number or equal to 2, of type N and P according to the sequence N / (P) / N forming a juxtaposition of two NP junctions head to tail, the semiconductor layers being made of semiconductor materials belonging to the family of 111-N, two adjacent layers of the stack forming an interface, the stack having two ends at one of its ends, at least one EMT emitter ohmic contact on a free surface of a first layer L1 of the stack and, at the other end, at least one collector electrical contact socket COL (which will preferably be of the Schottky type) on a part of another free surface of an L5 exit layer in contact with the vacuum for the emission of electrons by an emissive zone of said L5 exit layer, characterized in that the semiconductor materials conductors of the layers of the near-vacuum stack, where the electrons reach a high energy
- the stack comprises between its two ends, the first N-type L1 layer, a P-type L3 layer, an N-type L4 layer, and the output layer.
- L5 of the N type on the L4 layer the positive bias potential being applied to the electrical collector contact of the L5 output layer, the reference potential being applied to the electrical contact of the first L1 layer.
- the negative fixed charge in the stack is further obtained by doping the L3 layer with acceptor-type impurities.
- the negative fixed charge is obtained furthermore between the L4 layer and the first L1 layer partly by doping the L3 layer partly with acceptor-type impurities and partly by piezoelectric effect by the choice.
- said layer having a composition of the Al x Ga-i- x N or ⁇ - ⁇ . ⁇ type and the L3, L4 and L5 layers having an Al y Ga-type composition.
- the stack comprises a semiconductor layer L2 between the first layer L1 and the layer L3 of the P type, the adjacent layers L2 and L3 have a difference in composition such that a piezoelectric charge of negative sign appears at the interface of these layers.
- the composition of the semiconductor material of the layer L2 is different from the composition of the material of the layer L1 so that a positive piezoelectric charge appears at the interface between these two layers.
- the stack comprises, the first N-type layer L1, the N-type output layer L5 and, between the first layer L1 and the output layer L5, a layer L4 type N, the negative charge being obtained between the L4 layer and the first layer L1 by piezoelectric effect only.
- the stack comprises, the first N-type layer L1, the N-type output layer L5 and, between the first layer L1 and the output layer L5, a layer P type L2 and N type L4 layer, with a doping of less than 17 cm -3 , the negative charge being induced by at the interface between said adjacent layers by the choice of the chemical composition of the L1 to L4 layers, said layers will have a composition of the Al x Ga-i- x N or Al x ln -X N type for the L1 layers and L2 and the type Al y Ga-i-yN or ln y Al y N to the L3 and L4 layers with x greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 and y greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 and as x> y.
- the stack comprises, the first N-type layer L1, the N-type output layer L5 and, between the first layer L1 and the output layer L5, a layer N-type L2 and N-type L4 layer, the negative charge being induced by piezoelectric effect at the interface between two layers.
- the stack comprises a semiconductor layer L2 of any type having a thickness of less than 200 nm adjacent to the first layer L1.
- the N-type L5 output layer is doped between 18 cm -3 and 20 cm- 3 and is of thickness t less than or equal to 50 nm.
- the N-type or P-type semiconductor layer L4 adjacent to the L5 output layer has a doping of less than 17 cm -3 and is of lower thickness or equal to 100nm.
- the p-type doped L3 semiconductor layer between some 18 cm -3 and some 20 cm- 3 disposed between the L5 output layer and the first L1 layer has a thickness of less than 200 nm.
- the stack comprises a semiconductor layer L2 between the first layer L1 and the layer L3 of any type having a thickness of less than 200 nm adjacent to the layer L1.
- the first N-type doped layer L1 between some 18 cm -3 and some 20 cm -3 is of any thickness.
- the composition of the semiconductor materials of the adjacent layers L1 and L4 is chosen so as to have a difference in composition such that a piezoelectric charge of negative sign appears at the interface between these layers L1 and L4.
- the semiconductor materials of adjacent layers L2 and L4 exhibit a composition difference such that a piezoelectric charge of negative sign appears at the interface of these layers.
- the layers L1 and / or L2 are chosen from among the semiconductor materials:
- the layers L1 and / or L2 being in ln 7 AI 83 N, the other layers of the stack are made of GaN so that the mesh parameters of these layers are identical.
- the L3 layer is doped between some 18 cm -3 and some 20 cm -3 at a thickness of less than 200 nm.
- the stack is made from a substrate selected from gallium nitride or GaN, silicon carbide or SiC, silicon or Si, Sapphire or Al 2 O 3. .
- the emitter ohmic contact socket on the first layer L1 is on a peripheral zone of said layer L1, to receive the polarization potential.
- the emitter ohmic contact socket on the L1 layer is disposed peripherally to form a closed contour.
- the emitter-ohmic contact socket on the first layer L1 comprises two contact portions disposed peripherally and facing one another.
- the two emitter ohmic contact parts are separated by 1 to 10 ⁇ m from the collector mesa formed by the layers L2 to L5.
- the emitter ohmic contacting plug is on the rear face of the first layer L1, on an area of said first layer L1 in line with the emissive zone.
- the collecting electrical contact on the output layer L5 is a Schottky contact socket disposed on a peripheral area of said output layer L5, to receive the bias voltage.
- the collecting electrical contact on the output layer L5 is disposed peripherally to form a closed contour.
- the output layer L5 comprises two collector electrical contact points disposed at the periphery of said layer and facing one another at a distance of between 1 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ .
- the first layer L1 and the output layer L5 each comprise a multitude of parallel contacts taken together and separated by a distance between ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 100 ⁇ .
- a main purpose of the vacuum electron emission device according to the invention is to obtain a higher electron current emitted than that of electron emission devices of the state of the art.
- the proposed structure consists of a stack of N / (P) / N type semiconductor layers, made of semiconductor materials belonging to the family of III-N, in which the zone P is not electrically connected. and is obtained partially or wholly, by doping with acceptor-type impurities (L3 layer) or by piezoelectric effect.
- This effect will be obtained by a suitable choice of the chemical compositions of the materials constituting the layers of the stack so that by spontaneous piezoelectric effect and / or stress appears a negative fixed charge between any of the interfaces located between two adjacent layers of stacking.
- the stack thus produced is formed of the juxtaposition of two junctions mounted head to tail, some examples of possible stacks are described later.
- the application of a positive voltage on one of the electrodes of the diode makes it possible to directly bias the junction whose contact is set to the reference potential (for example a mass M) and conversely the one whose contact is made to the positive voltage. If the density of negative charges is sufficient, the internal electric field induced by the applied positive voltage may be sufficiently intense to provide a fraction of the electrons circulating in the device the energy necessary for their emission in vacuum. This fraction will be all the more important that the chosen material will have a large bandgap.
- the specific properties of the compounds of the Al x Ga-i- x N family of materials, lrixGa- ⁇ - ⁇ , Al x ln -X N or (ln y AI -y ) x Ga-i-xN make them particularly interesting for this type of device.
- the method selected for heating the electron gas in the emission device according to the invention is indeed much more effective than that used for thermionic cathodes because it is selective. In contrast to these thermionic devices, not all the material is heated but only the free carriers via the internal electric field induced by the diode being energized. Electronic temperatures of several tens of thousands of degrees are thus possible in wide-bandgap materials such as those belonging to the family of I l-N. The temperature of the lattice, determined by Joule's law, then remains lower than that of the electron gas by several orders of magnitude. In this sense we speak of cold cathode, the network being, relatively to electrons emitted in the vacuum, much colder.
- NPN structure is dictated by the material. P-type doping of this family of semiconductors is indeed much more difficult to achieve than type N doping which itself is well controlled.
- the access resistance of N-doped layers is thus of several orders of magnitude smaller than that of P-doped layers.
- the polarization of the device through exclusively N-doped layers made possible with this type of stack according to the invention, improves the distribution of the current in the component and makes it possible to obtain a much more intense and spatially homogeneous emission than if one of the electrical contacts was taken on a doped layer P. A gain of 3 to 4 orders of magnitude on the current emitted is expected with this way to proceed.
- the N-doped layer located on the surface of the stack will have to be fine and strongly doped.
- this layer should have a thickness of less than 50 nm and a doping greater than a few 18 cm- 3, and the thickness and doping thereof should ideally be chosen so that, when the component is polarized in emission, the the undenatured part of this layer is thin enough to minimize the cooling of the electrons passing through it but sufficiently thick to avoid the lateral depolarization of the diode polarized in reverse.To allow the emission of hot electrons the electrical contact of the doped layer N located on the surface is pierced.
- FIGS. 8 to 12 show different operations of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration of the transmission device according to the invention producing a conduction band discontinuity
- FIG. 14a shows a sectional view of a variant of the transmission device according to the invention.
- FIG. 14b shows a view, on the side of an output layer, of the device of FIG. 14a.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- a substrate (2) with nucleation layers (4) comprises a stack of semiconductor layers:
- the layers L3, L4 and L5 partially cover the layer L1 so as to leave a free surface (90) on this layer L1 for an EMT emitter ohmic plug 94 intended to receive a reference potential, for example the potential of a mass M .
- the output layer L5 comprises an external surface (100) in contact with the vacuum comprising on a part of the external surface a collector electrical socket COL 104 for the application of a positive Vce bias with respect to the reference potential M.
- another part of the outer surface 100 of the layer L5 is an emitting surface 108 of the output layer L5 by which the emission of the electrons in vacuum takes place.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- a negative fixed charge ( ⁇ -) is obtained partly by doping the layer L3 with acceptor type impurities and by part by piezoelectric effect obtained at the interface between the layers L1 and L3 by a suitable choice of the chemical composition of said layers.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- a layer L2 having a doping of P or N type less than a few 17 cm -3 and of thickness t less than 50 nm.
- a negative charge ⁇ - is obtained by piezoelectric effect at the interface between the P-doped L3 layer and the L2 layer.
- the layer L2 has a composition difference with the layer L1 such that a positive charge ⁇ + by piezoelectric effect appears in the interface between the layer L2 and the first layer L1.
- the various materials of these layers L1 and L2 are selected from the following chemical compounds: In y Al 1-yl N, or rAl x Gay. x N, or of rin x Gai- x N or of r (ln y AI 1 -y ) x Ga -x N
- Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- the stack comprises between the first N-type layer L1 and the N-type L5 output layer a L4 layer whose N or P type doping is less than 17 cm -3 .
- Layers L1 and L4 show at the interface between these layers a negative charge ( ⁇ -) by a piezoelectric effect thus forming the two N / (P) / N junctions in the head-to-tail manner, the layer L1 having, for example, a composition of the type al x Ga i-x N and the layer L4 has such a composition of the type al y Ga y N i-x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 and y greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 and such that x> y.
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- a layer L2 doped with P-type impurity is inserted at a level below 5 10 17 cm -3 and of a thickness
- the chemical composition of the layers L1 and L2 is such that a negative charge ( ⁇ -) induced by the piezoelectric effect appears at the interface between the two layers L2 and L4.
- the layers L1 and L2 have for example a composition of the Al x Ga i-x N and L4 and L5 layers have for example a composition of the type Al y Ga-i -y N with x greater than 0 and less than or equal at 1 and with y greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 and such that x> y.
- Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the electron-emitting device according to the invention.
- the chemical composition of the layer L1 of the structure proposed in FIG. 5 is such that a positive charge ( ⁇ + ) induced by the piezoelectric effect appears at the interface between the layers L1 and L2. and the L2 layer is doped with N or P type impurity at a level of less than or equal to 5 17 cm -3 .
- the structure of the electron-emitting device according to the invention is similar to a bipolar transistor structure with collector and emitter. It thus uses the same manufacturing techniques, well known to those skilled in the art, for this type of component, with the difference that the contact (collector) contact on the output layer L5 of the stack in contact with the empty must only partially cover its surface. This contact, ohmic plug, is confined to the edges of the layer, so as to provide an effective surface of electron emission in the surrounding environment is the vacuum.
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a first variant of the transmission device according to the invention.
- the EMT emitter contacting point is then made at the end of the device on the free face of the first layer L1.
- the surface of the output layer L5 comprises, in this variant, a multitude of COL collector taps. Subsequently, the various operating modes of the vacuum electron emission device according to the invention are described.
- Figures 8 to 12 show different operations of the electron-emitting device according to the invention, as well as the conduction bands in the thickness of the layers of the stack at equilibrium and under the bias voltage.
- Two modes of operation of the device are possible, by breakdown or drilling of the diode (or junction) PN polarized in reverse.
- the mode of operation will depend on the density of negative charges contained, for example in layer L3, and present at the interface between this layer L3 and the adjacent layers.
- For GaN operation in breakdown mode will be obtained for a negative charge density greater than about 2 to 3x10 13 / cm 2 . This charge density will depend on the material used, the doping of the layers forming the junction and the thickness of the undoped layer inserted therein.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration comprising layers L1, L3, L4, L5 operating in breakdown mode
- FIG. 9 shows the same configuration having a thinner layer thickness L3 operating in piercing mode.
- FIG. 10 shows another configuration (see also FIG. 3) comprising a stack of layers L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 operating in breakdown mode.
- the same configuration shown in FIG. 11 with a thinner layer thickness L3 can be operated in breakdown mode or in piercing mode depending on the value of the piezoelectric load.
- FIG. 12 shows another configuration comprising layers L1, L2, L4 L5 (see also FIG. 6) with layers L2 and L4 of small thickness operating in drilling or breakdown mode.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration of the transmission device according to the invention producing a conduction band discontinuity.
- the chemical composition of the L1 layer differs from that of the L3 to L5 layers so as to produce a conduction band gap between the L1 and L3 layers. This discontinuity is used to give the electrons a surplus of energy
- the chemical composition of the L1 layers will be chosen from the Al x Ga-
- the electronic emission by the device according to the invention will occur when the electric field prevailing within the reverse-biased junction will be greater than the avalanche ionization field, the floating P-doped layer may be partially or totally deserted as shown schematically in Figures 8 and 10 and in Figures 9, 1 1 and 13 respectively.
- the piercing mode (see FIGS. 9, 11 and 13) will be obtained for a density of negative charges ⁇ -less than about 2 to 3 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 2 for GaN and will also depend on the materials, dopings and thickness used. Ideally in this mode of operation the junction will be polarized at the threshold of its breakdown voltage by avalanche.
- the layer L3 will have a thickness of less than 10 nm and doping greater than about 18 cm -3 .
- the energy is selectively supplied to the electrons by means of an internal electric field.
- This way of proceeding thus makes it possible to avoid the application of an intense external electric field or to heat the cathode to obtain an emission of electrons. Coupled with the use of semiconductors with large bandwidth this implementation allows to bring the electrons to energies higher than the electronic affinity of these materials which frees us from the need to use specific materials to lower the work function such as Cs 2 0 or LaB 6, for example.
- FIG. 14a shows a sectional view of a variant of the transmission device according to the invention.
- FIG. 14b shows a view, on the side of an output layer, of the device of FIG. 14a.
- the stack of semiconductor layers comprises a single EMT emitter ohmic contact on a free surface of the first layer L1 of the stack and, at the other end, a single COL collector electrical contact on a portion of another free surface of an L5 outlet layer in contact with the vacuum.
- contact making configurations are not limiting and can be carried out either by two contact parts, or by contacts on the contour of the layers, or by a multitude of Schottky contacts arranged in parallel on the output layer L5.
- FIGS. 14a and 14b show one of the possible contact configurations of a stack comprising a first layer L1 having a single EMT 200 emitter ohmic contact and partially covering the layer L1 a stack of layers L3, L4 and the L5 output layer. .
- Electrical contacts COL 204 are regularly arranged on the surface of the layer L5 and are electrically connected by a single electrical contact of the collector 206. The electronic emission will take place between each consecutive contact 204. The distance between two contacts 204 disposed on the surface is between 1 and 100 ⁇ .
- the solution proposed by the device for emitting electrons in the vacuum according to the invention allows compared to thermionic cathodes to cover at a lower cost the power range from 10 to 100W.
- the emission device according to the invention allows the realization of cold cathodes having response times of several orders of magnitude faster.
Landscapes
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1102286A FR2978291B1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 | 2011-07-22 | Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le vide |
| PCT/EP2012/064346 WO2013014109A1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 | 2012-07-20 | Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le vide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2735016A1 true EP2735016A1 (fr) | 2014-05-28 |
Family
ID=46516792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12735920.6A Withdrawn EP2735016A1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 | 2012-07-20 | Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le vide |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9305734B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2735016A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6272223B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2978291B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013014109A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10615599B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2020-04-07 | John Bennett | Efficient low-voltage grid for a cathode |
| US10566168B1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-18 | John Bennett | Low voltage electron transparent pellicle |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07111866B2 (ja) * | 1986-08-12 | 1995-11-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 固体電子ビ−ム発生装置 |
| US5077597A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-31 | North Carolina State University | Microelectronic electron emitter |
| JPH06345736A (ja) | 1993-06-14 | 1994-12-20 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | ウレタン化合物を製造する方法 |
| FR2854984B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-16 | 2005-07-01 | Thales Sa | Dispositif semi-conducteur d'emission d'electrons dans le vide |
-
2011
- 2011-07-22 FR FR1102286A patent/FR2978291B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-07-20 EP EP12735920.6A patent/EP2735016A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-07-20 US US14/234,328 patent/US9305734B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-07-20 JP JP2014520682A patent/JP6272223B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-07-20 WO PCT/EP2012/064346 patent/WO2013014109A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| AMBACHER O ET AL: "Two dimensional electron gases induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in undoped and doped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures", JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, US, vol. 87, no. 1, 1 January 2000 (2000-01-01), pages 334 - 344, XP012049002, ISSN: 0021-8979, DOI: 10.1063/1.371866 * |
| See also references of WO2013014109A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2978291B1 (fr) | 2014-02-21 |
| JP6272223B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
| FR2978291A1 (fr) | 2013-01-25 |
| US9305734B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
| US20140326943A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| WO2013014109A1 (fr) | 2013-01-31 |
| JP2014523099A (ja) | 2014-09-08 |
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