EP2733676B1 - Method and system for preventing tampering in e-ticketing systems - Google Patents
Method and system for preventing tampering in e-ticketing systems Download PDFInfo
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- EP2733676B1 EP2733676B1 EP12192566.3A EP12192566A EP2733676B1 EP 2733676 B1 EP2733676 B1 EP 2733676B1 EP 12192566 A EP12192566 A EP 12192566A EP 2733676 B1 EP2733676 B1 EP 2733676B1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007175 bidirectional communication Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/02—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points taking into account a variable factor such as distance or time, e.g. for passenger transport, parking systems or car rental systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tamper-resistant method and a system for registering a defined presence according to the patent claim 1 or the patent claim 10.
- the passenger carries his electronic ticket the ticket is automatically transferred by radio to the cars within the sections of the route installed reading units detected and fed the data thus obtained an automatic accounting system. An interaction of the user is no longer necessary. It also does not need a check-out process. Thus, the flow of passengers can be accelerated considerably, especially when passengers are getting in / out at the same time.
- An e-ticket as described above can only be detected if the necessary radio links between the e-ticket and installed in the transport transmitter / receiver units actually come about, and only then can the one trip made properly settled on a background system become.
- the DE102006015237B3 shows a method for registering passenger travel in a public transport. Electronic tickets are automatically recorded and canceled here.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a railway carriage 30 as an example of a means of transport 30.
- two transceiver units 20 1 and 20 2 are installed on the ceiling of the railway carriage 30, two transceiver units 20 1 and 20 2 are installed. These transmitting / receiving units 20 1 and 20 2 are each provided with an antenna 19.
- the associated detection area 21 is shown.
- e-tickets 10 can record a communication with the transmitting / receiving unit 20 1 , which as a result is used to register the e-tickets 10 for the accounting of a related mileage.
- the e-tickets are shown so that they can not establish a bidirectional communication via the transceiver unit 20 1 , but with the transceiver unit 20 2 . Due to the illustrated situation, the upper e-ticket 10 can be assigned to a passenger, while the lower e-ticket can be assigned to a piece of luggage or a dog.
- reference marks 110 are permanently but concealedly installed at various installation locations in the means of transport 30 for each detection area.
- these reference marks 110 may be the same or similar to the e-tickets 10 for the passengers, dogs and luggage.
- This attachment of the number ranges can also be made such that the number range of the reference marks and the number range of the e-tickets 10 correspond to a certain algorithm, e.g. even or odd. Likewise, a separate contiguous number range for e-tickets 10 and reference marks 110 can also be provided.
- Defects in the transmitting / receiving units 20 themselves can also be detected by the higher-level system insofar as it can be established by means of a protocol that a status message is output to the higher-level system in a specific time frame. As a result, sudden defects in circuit parts of a transmitting / receiving unit 20 in the means of transport 30 can be detected, which can not be found despite self-test mechanisms.
- the transmitting / receiving unit 20 would issue a corresponding fault message to the parent system, therein could also be a notification to the locomotive driver or the ship's captain, if permitted by the regulations.
- the same reaction would result if a larger number of reference marks 110 would no longer be interrogated, which are destroyed, for example, by very high RF pulse powers of a jammer brought along.
- reference marks 110 are freely combinable with the algorithms implemented in the transceiver unit 20, such as the "teaching" of reference marks 110, and also freely combinable with the various signaling options disclosed above.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein manipulationsresistentes Verfahren und ein System zur Registrierung einer definierten Anwesenheit gemäss dem Patentanspruch 1 bzw. dem Patentanspruch 10.The present invention relates to a tamper-resistant method and a system for registering a defined presence according to the patent claim 1 or the
Die generelle Funktionalität und die Anforderungen an ein e-Ticketing-System in einem Fahrzeug des öffentlichen Verkehrs kann beispielsweise den in [2] und [3] angegebenen Quellen entnommen werden. Elektronische Billette bzw. elektronische Fahrscheine sind auch unter dem Begriff e-Tickets bekannt. Im Folgenden werden die vorgenannten zwei Begriffe kurz unter e-Ticket subsumiert. Ebenso werden Fahrzeuge des OeV - wie auch Kursschiffe - unter dem Begriff (öffentliches) Verkehrsmittel subsumiert.For example, the general functionality and requirements for an e-ticketing system in a public transport vehicle can be found in the sources given in [2] and [3]. Electronic tickets or electronic tickets are also known as e-tickets. In the following, the aforementioned two terms are briefly subsumed under e-ticket. Likewise, vehicles of the OeV - as well as course ships - are subsumed under the term (public) means of transport.
Es werden im wesentlichen zwei verschiedene Ticketing-Systeme unterschieden:Essentially two different ticketing systems are distinguished:
Ein Fahrgast hält bewusst beim Betreten und beim Verlassen des Verkehrsmittels bzw. des Bahnsteig-Bereichs sein Billett kurz vor eines der zum Abrechnungssystem gehörenden Lesegeräte, korrekterweise «Sende-/Empfangseinheiten». Die Abfrage des Billetts - im folgenden stets e-Ticket genannt - erfolgt durch eine Nahdistanz-Funkverbindung, wie z.B.
- Proximity, ISO/IEC 14443,
Reichweite bis 10cm; - Vincinity, ISO/IEC 15693, 13.56MHz;
Reichweite 1 - 1.5m.
- Proximity, ISO / IEC 14443,
Range up to 10cm; - Vincinity, ISO / IEC 15693, 13.56MHz;
Range 1 - 1.5m.
Bei komfortableren Systemen ist es nur noch nötig, dass der Fahrgast sein elektronisches Billett auf sich trägt: Das Billett wird per Funk innerhalb der befahrenen Streckenabschnitte automatisch von den in den Wagen installierten Leseeinheiten erfasst und die so gewonnenen Daten einem automatischen Abrechnungssystem zugeführt. Eine Interaktion des Benutzers ist nicht mehr notwendig. Es braucht auch keinen Check-Out-Vorgang. Somit lässt sich der Fahrgastfluss erheblich beschleunigen, insbesondere beim gleichzeitigen Ein-/Aussteigen der Passagiere.For more comfortable systems, it is only necessary that the passenger carries his electronic ticket: the ticket is automatically transferred by radio to the cars within the sections of the route installed reading units detected and fed the data thus obtained an automatic accounting system. An interaction of the user is no longer necessary. It also does not need a check-out process. Thus, the flow of passengers can be accelerated considerably, especially when passengers are getting in / out at the same time.
Aus der Schrift
- Aus Gründen der Autonomie befinden sich die Billette in einem Schlafzustand. Beim Eintritt in ein Verkehrsmittel werden die e-Tickets durch ein Nahfeld, z.B. mit einer Arbeitsfrequenz von 6.78MHz geweckt und unidirektional mit einer ID sowie einer Timing Information «gestempelt». Die ID bezieht sich auf den im Eingangsbereich befindlichen Wecksender und die Timing Information auf Beginn und Intervall einer bidirektionalen Kommunikation zwischen e-Ticket und einer im Wagen befindlichen Sende- und Empfangseinheit. Durch das Protokoll können bei diesem System Fehlerfassungen und Manipulationen verhindert werden, so z.B.
- Parallelfahrt auf einem Velo oder durch Parallelfahrt zweier Züge
- Betrugsversuche durch temporäres Versorgen des e-Tickets in eine metallene Zigarettenschachtel.
- For reasons of autonomy, the tickets are in a sleep state. When entering a means of transport, the e-tickets are awakened by a near field, eg with an operating frequency of 6.78 MHz and "stamped" unidirectionally with an ID and timing information. The ID refers to the wake-up transmitter located in the entrance area and the timing information to the beginning and the interval of bidirectional communication between the e-ticket and an in-car transmitter and receiver unit. The protocol can be used with this system to prevent errors and manipulation, such as
- Parallel travel on a bicycle or by parallel travel of two trains
- Fraud attempts by temporarily supplying the e-ticket in a metal cigarette box.
Ein e-Ticket wie vorhin beschrieben kann nur dann erfasst werden, wenn die dazu notwendigen Funkverbindungen zwischen dem e-Ticket und den im Verkehrsmittel installierten Sende-/Empfangseinheiten auch tatsächlich zustande kommen, und nur dann kann die eine getätigte Fahrt über ein Hintergrundsystem ordnungsgemäß abgerechnet werden.An e-ticket as described above can only be detected if the necessary radio links between the e-ticket and installed in the transport transmitter / receiver units actually come about, and only then can the one trip made properly settled on a background system become.
Unrechtmäßige Nutzer könnten versuchen, die Erfassung eines e-Tickets so zu manipulieren, dass eine reguläre Abrechnung nicht erfolgt oder nicht erfolgen kann. Einerseits müssen deshalb für ein e-Ticketsystem zumindest rudimentäre Trage- und Benutzungsvorschriften für die Fahrgäste erlassen werden, die verhindern, dass das e-Ticket mehr oder weniger vollständig abgeschirmt getragen wird. Andererseits muss es auch entsprechende systemtechnische Vorkehrungen geben, um Manipulationen zu verhindern.Unlawful users could try to manipulate the capture of an e-ticket so that a regular billing does not occur or can not be done. On the one hand Therefore, for an e-ticket system at least rudimentary carrying and user instructions for the passengers must be issued, which prevent the e-ticket is worn more or less completely shielded. On the other hand, there must be appropriate system engineering measures to prevent manipulation.
Einige Möglichkeiten zur Manipulation werden im Folgenden aufgelistet:
- i) Störsender, die die Kommunikation zwischen elektronischer Fahrkarte und Systemkomponenten im Zug verhindern;
- ii) Schädigung/Zerstörung von elektronischen Fahrkarten durch hohe HF-Pulsleistungen;
- iii) Schädigung/Zerstörung von Systemkomponenten durch hohe HF-Pulsleistungen.
- i) jammers that prevent communication between electronic ticket and system components on the train;
- ii) damage / destruction of electronic tickets due to high RF pulse power;
- iii) damage / destruction of system components by high RF pulse power.
Mitgebrachte Störsender im Wagen können beispielsweise die Funkkommunikation und ggf. auch die Aufweckvorgänge - mit denen die e-Tickets in einen interaktiven Zustand überführt werden - vorübergehend stören bzw. verhindern. Findet in einem solchen Fall eine Billet- resp. Ticketkontrolle statt, würden alle Fahrgäste im betreffenden Bereich kein gültig erfasstes e-Ticket vorweisen können, wodurch auch unrechtmäßige Nutzer - im folgenden Saboteur genannt - nicht mehr belangt werden können.Bringing jammers in the car, for example, the radio communication and possibly the Aufweckvorgänge - with which the e-tickets are transferred to an interactive state - temporarily disturb or prevent. If in such a case a billet resp. Ticket inspection, all passengers in the area concerned would not be able to produce a valid e-ticket, which also means that unlawful users - referred to below as saboteurs - can no longer be prosecuted.
Eine weitere Methode zur Manipulation stellen mitgebrachte Hochfrequenz-Sender mit hoher Ausgangsleistung dar. Schaltet ein Saboteur einen solchen Störsender versteckt ein, so könnte er damit die e-Tickets von anderen Fahrgästen in der Nähe dauerhaft schädigen bzw. zerstören (zu hoher in den Hochfrequenzteil eingekoppelter Leistungspegel). Mögliche biologische Auswirkungen auf die Fahrgäste werden an dieser Stelle nicht weiter erläutert. Solche Störsender haben zur Folge, dass im Falle einer Ticketkontrolle mehrere Fahrgäste vorweisen können und somit ein Schwarzfahrer nicht belangt werden kann.Another method of manipulation is high-frequency radio transmitters brought along. When a saboteur hides such a jammer, he or she could permanently damage or destroy the e-tickets of other passengers in the vicinity (too high in the high-frequency part power level). Possible biological effects on passengers will not be further explained at this point. Such jammers have the consequence that in the case of a ticket control several passengers can show and thus a black driver can not be prosecuted.
Ähnlich verhält es sich, wenn ein mitgebrachter Hochfrequenz-Sender mit hoher Ausgangsleistung dazu verwendet wird, im Wagen installierte Sende-/Empfangseinheiten dauerhaft zu schädigen bzw. zu zerstören. Diese Sende-/Empfangseinheiten werden zwar in der Regel an vergleichsweise unzugänglichen Einbauorten im Wagen installiert. Da die Schädigung bzw. Zerstörung per Funkfeld stattfindet, kann dies auch über eine gewisse Distanz hinweg geschehen. Die Folge wäre wie in den zuvor genannten Fällen wiederum der Zustand, dass mehrere Fahrgäste gleichzeitig kein ordnungsgemäß registriertes e-Ticket vorweisen können.Similarly, when a high-frequency, high frequency transmitter is used to permanently damage or destroy transmitter / receiver units installed in the car. Although these transceiver units are usually installed in comparatively inaccessible installation locations in the car. Since the damage or destruction takes place via radio field, this can also happen over a certain distance. The consequence would again be, as in the cases mentioned above, the condition that several passengers at the same time can not present a duly registered e-ticket.
Entsprechend hohe HF-Pulsleistungen können nicht nur den Hochfrequenzteil der elektronischen Fahrscheine und im Wagen installierten Systemkomponenten schädigen, sondern auch weitere Schaltungsteile. Dies hätte ähnliche Auswirkungen wie zuvor beschrieben zur Folge.Correspondingly high RF pulse powers can damage not only the high-frequency part of the electronic tickets and system components installed in the car, but also other circuit parts. This would result in similar effects as previously described.
Die
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Registrierung einer definierten Anwesenheit von e-Tickets und einen e-Ticketing-System anzugeben, die
- i) solche Störungen detektieren und signalisieren können
und - ii) die immun sind gegen mittels Störsender erfolgende Manipulationen.
- i) can detect and signal such interference
and - ii) that are immune to jamming manipulations.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 10 angegebenen Massnahmen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by the measures specified in the
So können sich die folgenden Vorteile zusätzlich ergeben:
- i) Referenzmarken können besonders kostengünstig realisiert werden, wenn sie konstruktiv und funktional gleich wie die e-Tickets ausgebildet sind. Da die Grösse der e-Tickets der Grösse einer üblichen Kreditkarte entspricht, ist auch deren Einbau sehr einfach.
- ii) Durch in der Sende-/Empfangseinheit implementierte Algorithmen kann die Unterscheidung der Identnummer der Referenzmarken von der Identnummer eines e-Tickets «lernend» vorgenommen werden, da die fest installierten Referenzmarken auch ausserhalb des eigentlichen Betriebszeiten (für das Publikum) registriert werden.
- iii) Ein in einer Sende-/Empfangseinheit erkannter Ausfall kann bedürfnisgerecht weiter signalisiert werden, innerhalb des betreffenden Verkehrsmittels wie auch ausserhalb des betreffenden Verkehrsmittel, z.B. auch an eine abgesetztes übergeordnetes System.
- i) reference marks can be realized particularly cost-effective, if they are constructively and functionally the same as the e-tickets are formed. Since the size of the e-tickets is the size of a standard credit card, their installation is very easy.
- ii) By implemented in the transmitting / receiving unit algorithms, the distinction of the ID number of the reference marks of the ID number of an e-ticket "learning" can be made because the fixed reference marks are registered outside of the actual operating hours (for the public).
- iii) A failure detected in a transceiver unit can be further signaled as needed, within the relevant means of transport as well as outside the relevant means of transport, eg also to a remote superior system.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
-
Figur 1 Querschnitt durch einen Eisenbahnwagen mit den Komponenten zur Detektion und Signalisierung von mitgeführten Störsendern.
-
FIG. 1 Cross section through a railway carriage with the components for the detection and signaling of entrained jammers.
Um die Funktion eines e-Ticketsystems in einem Verkehrsmittel 30 sicherzustellen sind für jeden Erfassungsbereich 21 zusätzliche Referenzmarken 110 (auch Funkbaken 110 genannt) an verschiedenen Einbauorten im Verkehrsmittel 30 fest, aber verdeckt installiert. Konstruktiv können diese Referenzmarken 110 gleich oder ähnlich wie die e-Tickets 10 für die Fahrgäste, Hunde und Gepäckstücke ausgebildet sein.In order to ensure the function of an e-ticket system in a means of
Gemäss der
- Funkbake 1101 fest hinter der Wandverkleidung zur Aussenwand 33 installiert;
- Funkbake 1102 fest in oder an
einer Trennwand 34 installiert; - Funkbake 1103 fest in einem Deckel eines Abfallbehälters 35 eingebaut.
- Radio beacon 110 1 fixed behind the wall cladding to the
outer wall 33 installed; - Radio beacon 110 2 fixedly installed in or on a
partition wall 34; - Radio beacon 110 3 permanently installed in a lid of a
waste container 35.
Diese Funkbaken 110 werden entsprechend an den im Eisenbahnwagen 30 installierten Sende-/Empfangseinheiten 20 «angelernt» mit Identnummer und zugehörigem Schlüssel für die bidirektionale Kommunikation. Das «Anlernen» kann wie folgt ausgestaltet sein:
- Die Sende-/Empfangseinheiten 20 führen eine Historie/History der erfassten
Identnummern von e-Tickets 10 und von Referenzmarken 110. Während bei den e-Tickets 10 im Verlaufe der Erfassung verschiedenen Identnummern neu hinzukommen und nach Abschluss einer Fahrt nicht mehr erfasst werden, trifft dies für die Referenzmarken so nicht zu. Die Referenzmarken 110 werden permanent - permanent im vorgesehen Zyklus bzw. Periodizität - von der Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 erfasst, insbesondere auch an einer Endhaltestelle oder in einem Depot. Diese Betriebszustände «Endhaltestelle» - ggf. mit einem Fahrtrichtungswechsel - oder «Verweilen im Depot» oder «Dienstfahrt» sind bei den meisten Erfassungssystemen mit einer Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 codiert vorhanden, da einem Verkehrsmittel 30 nicht nur die aktuelle Uhrzeit, sondern auch der Kurs mit einer Kursnummer zuzuweisen ist. So muss sich z.B. ein Buschauffeur oder ein Lokomotivführer beim Dienstbeginn einloggen und zwar mit- persönlicher ID, z.B. Kennung und Passwort;
- Dienstnummer;
- Kurs-ID.
- Diese Angaben werden von einem Fahrzeug- bzw. Bordrechner administriert und sind auch der Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 mindestens bezüglich Kurs-ID und Fahrzeug-ID zugänglich.
- The transceiver units 20 keep a history of the detected ID numbers of
e-tickets 10 and reference marks 110. While in thee-tickets 10, different ID numbers are newly added in the course of the acquisition and are not detected after completion of a trip, it is true this is not the case for the reference brands. The reference marks 110 are detected permanently - permanently in the intended cycle or periodicity - by the transmitting / receiving unit 20, in particular also at an end stop or in a depot. These operating conditions "final stop" - possibly with a change of direction - or "staying in the depot" or "business trip" are encoded in most detection systems with a transmitting / receiving unit 20, since atransport 30 not only the current time, but also the Course with a course number is assigned. For example, a bus driver or a locomotive driver must log in at the beginning of the service and that with- personal ID, eg ID and password;
- Service number;
- Course ID.
- This information is administered by a vehicle or on-board computer and are also accessible to the transceiver unit 20 at least in terms of course ID and vehicle ID.
Der vorstehend beschriebene Anlernvorgang wird auch dann noch funktionieren, wenn jemand ein oder auch mehrere e-Tickets 10 in einem Zugabteil bewusst an einer verborgenen Stelle zurücklässt, z B. hinten auf der oberen Gepäckablage (für leichtes Handgepäck) an einer verborgenen bzw. kaum sichtbaren Stelle. Später - nach erfolgtem automatischem Anlernen - könnten diese so deponierten e-Tickets 10 wieder entfernt werden und so gezielt eine (unechte) Störungsmeldung auslösen. Das gleiche tritt ein, wenn versehentlich e-Tickets in einem Abteil verloren werden. Um auch solche Manipulationen zu verhindern, wird der Nummernbereich der Identnummern für die Referenzmarken disjunkt zum Nummernbereich für die Identnummern der e-Tickets angelegt. Diese Anlage der Nummernbereiche kann auch so gemacht werden, dass der Nummernbereich der Referenzmarken und der Nummernbereich der e-Tickets 10 einem bestimmten Algorithmus entspricht, z.B. gerade bzw. ungerade. Ebenso kann auch ein je zusammenhängender eigener Nummernbereich für e-Tickets 10 und Referenzmarken 110 vorgesehen werden.The teach-in process described above will still work even if someone consciously leaves one or
Die Sende-/Empfangseinheiten 20 versuchen zyklisch, diese Referenz-Marken bzw. Funkbaken 110 zu erfassen. Kann eine bidirektionale Kommunikation nicht mehr mit einer dieser Referenzmarken 110 etabliert werden, so wird dies von der betreffenden Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 detektiert. Die betreffende Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 kann einen solchen Ausfall als Störung an ein übergeordnetes System wie Fahrzeugrechner oder abgesetztes System weitergeben. Das abgesetzte System ist über eine weitere Funkverbindung mit dem Verkehrsmittel 30 gekoppelt. Für das Erkennen eines tatsächlichen Ausfalls können verschiedene Kriterien vorgegeben sein:
- i) Der Ausfall einer einzigen Referenzmarke 110 dauert länger als ein vorgegebenes Zeitintervall, typische Beispielwerte: 5min, 10min, 15min.
- ii) Mehrere Referenzmarken 110 werden nicht mehr erfasst.
- iii) Kumulation der Kriterien i) und ii) wobei als typische Beispielwerte kürze Zeiten vorzusehen sind: 2min, 4min, 6min.
- i) The failure of a single reference mark 110 lasts longer than a given time interval, typical example values: 5min, 10min, 15min.
- ii) Several reference marks 110 are no longer detected.
- iii) accumulation of criteria i) and ii) being typical Example values to be provided shortly: 2min, 4min, 6min.
Defekte in den Sende-/Empfangseinheiten 20 selber können vom übergeordneten System insoweit auch erkannt werden, als durch ein Protokoll festgelegt werden kann, dass eine Statusmeldung in einem bestimmten Zeitraster an das übergeordnete System abgegeben wird. Dadurch können auch plötzliche Defekte in Schaltungsteilen einer Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 im Verkehrsmittel 30 festgestellt werden, die sich trotz Selbsttest-Mechanismen nicht auffinden lassen.Defects in the transmitting / receiving units 20 themselves can also be detected by the higher-level system insofar as it can be established by means of a protocol that a status message is output to the higher-level system in a specific time frame. As a result, sudden defects in circuit parts of a transmitting / receiving unit 20 in the means of
Halten sich nun viele Personen im Fahrgastraum eines Wagens 30 auf, so kann es vorkommen, dass eine der Referenzmarken 110 durch die betreffenden Personen abgeschattet wird. Wird aber z. B. durch einen in den Fahrgastraum durch einen Saboteur eingebrachten Störsender oder einen technischen Defekt bei der Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 mehr als eine Referenzmarke 110 nicht mehr erkannt, so würde die Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 eine entsprechende Störungsmeldung an das übergeordnete System abgeben, darin könnte auch eine Benachrichtigung an den Lokomotivführer oder den Schiffskapitän enthalten sein, soweit dies vom Fahrreglement zulässig ist. Die gleiche Reaktion würde sich ergeben, wenn eine größere Anzahl von Referenzmarken 110 nicht mehr abfragbar wäre, die beispielsweise durch sehr hohe HF-Pulsleistungen eines mitgebrachten Störsenders zerstört werden. Anstelle einer Benachrichtigung von Lokomotivführer oder Schiffskapitän ist auch eine Benachrichtigung von im Verkehrsmittel 30 patrouillierenden (uniformierten oder verdeckten) Einsatzkräften der Transportpolizei möglich. Die Anwesenheit von solchen Einsatzkräften kann von den im Verkehrsmittel 30 angeordneten Sende-/Empfangseinheiten 20 besonders erkannt werden. Diese Erkennung erfolgt über eine besondere Identnummer der e-Tickets 10 der Beamten der Transportpolizei. Die Benachrichtigung der Einsatzkräfte kann auf besondere TETRAPOL-Funkgeräte erfolgen (innerhalb des Systems TETRAPOL für BOS-Organisationen).Now, if many people are in the passenger compartment of a
Folgende vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der vorgenannten Anordnung von Referenzmarken 110 sind zusätzlich vorzusehen:
- i) Die Kommunikation zwischen einer Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 und den zugeordneten Referenzmarken 110 wird auch für einen automatischen Selbsttest, insbesondere für einen automatischen Selbsttest der Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 in
einem Verkehrsmittel 30 herangezogen. - ii) Die Energieversorgung der fest eingebauten Referenzmarken 110 erfolgt über entsprechend in einem Verkehrsmittel 30 installierte Leitungen mit Energie.
- iii) Die Energieversorgung der fest eingebauten Referenzmarken 110 erfolgt dadurch, dass die Referenzmarken 110 die benötigte elektrische Energie aus in ihrer Umgebung zur Verfügung stehenden Energieformen beziehen, wie
- Licht (Photovoltaik),
- Beschleunigungs- und Abbremsvorgänge, Vibration,
- Temperaturänderungen.
- iv) Die Referenzmarken 110 sind wie normale e-Tickets 10 oder ähnlich dazu ausgebildet und werden in passenden Bauteilen eines Verkehrsmittels 30 eingefügt, wobei diese Bauteile z.B. verdeckte Aussparungen für die Montage dieser e-Tickets enthalten können. Dadurch wird ein Wechsel der Referenzmarken 110, z. B. im Falle verbrauchter Batterien, ganz erheblich erleichtert.
- v) Die Referenzmarken 110 sind an beweglichen aber dem Verkehrsmittel zugeordneten Elementen angebracht. Dadurch kann über dieses sog. e-Ticketing-System zusätzlich erkannt werden, ob eines dieser Elemente entwendet oder beschädigt wird. Solche vorstehend genannte Elemente sind beispielsweise:
- Feuerlöscher;
- Einschlaghämmer für die Evakuation im Fall einer Entgleisung eines Zuges oder eines Absturzes eines Busses in ein tiefes Tobel;
- Verriegelungen für die mechanische Handbremse;
- Kleiderbügel in den Abteilung der gehobenen 1. Klasse;
- Rettungsringe;
- Rettungsboote;
- Keile zur Sicherung von Bussen gegen unbeabsichtigtes Wegrollen.
- i) The communication between a transmitting / receiving unit 20 and the associated reference marks 110 is also used for an automatic self-test, in particular for an automatic self-test of the transmitting / receiving unit 20 in a means of
transport 30. - ii) The power supply of the fixed reference marks 110 is carried out via appropriately installed in a means of
transport 30 lines with energy. - iii) The power supply of the fixed reference marks 110 takes place in that the reference marks 110 draw the required electrical energy from available forms of energy in their environment, such as
- Light (photovoltaic),
- Acceleration and deceleration processes, vibration,
- Temperature changes.
- iv) The reference marks 110 are like
normal e-tickets 10 or similar formed and are inserted in appropriate components of a means oftransport 30, which components may include hidden recesses for the assembly of these e-tickets. As a result, a change of the reference marks 110, z. B. in the case of spent batteries, greatly facilitated. - v) The reference marks 110 are attached to movable but assigned to the transport elements. This makes it possible to additionally detect via this so-called e-ticketing system whether one of these elements is being stolen or damaged. Such elements mentioned above are, for example:
- fire extinguishers;
- Impact hammers for evacuation in case of derailment of a train or a crash of a bus into a deep ravine;
- Locks for the mechanical handbrake;
- Hangers in the department of the upper 1st class;
- Lifebelts;
- Lifeboats;
- Wedges for securing buses against unintentional rolling away.
Die vorstehend genannten vorteilhaften Ausführungs formen für die Referenzmarken 110 sind frei kombinierbar mit den in der Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20 implementierten Algorithmen, wie z.B. das «Anlernen» von Referenzmarken 110, und ebenso frei kombinierbar mit den verschiedenen vorstehend offenbarten Signalisierungsoptionen.The aforementioned advantageous embodiments for the reference marks 110 are freely combinable with the algorithms implemented in the transceiver unit 20, such as the "teaching" of reference marks 110, and also freely combinable with the various signaling options disclosed above.
- 1010
- e-Ticket, Position eines e-Ticketse-ticket, position of an e-ticket
- 110110
- Funkbake, ReferenzmarkeRadio beacon, reference mark
- 1101 110 1
- Funkbake, Referenzmarke hinter Wandverkleidung installiertRadio beacon, reference mark installed behind wall cladding
- 1102 110 2
- Funkbake, Referenzmarke in Trennwand installiertRadio beacon, reference mark installed in partition
- 1103 110 3
- Funkbake, Referenzmarke in Deckel eines Abfallbehälters installiertRadio beacon, reference mark installed in the lid of a waste container
- 1919
- Antenne einer Sende-/EmpfangseinheitAntenna of a transmitting / receiving unit
- 20, 201, 202 20, 20 1 , 20 2
- Sende-/EmpfangseinheitTransmit / receive unit
- 2121
- Erfassungsbereich einer Sende-/Empfangseinheit 20Detection range of a transmitting / receiving unit 20
- 3030
- Verkehrsmittel; Eisenbahnwagen, Schiff, Bustransport; Railway carriage, ship, bus
- 3333
- Aussenwandouter wall
- 3434
- Trennwand Eingangsbereich/Fahrgastraum mit Sitzen; Trennwand zwischen zwei Bereichen des VerkehrsmittelsPartition entrance / passenger compartment with seats; Partition between two areas of the means of transport
- 3535
- Abfallbehälter, an Wand 33 angebrachtWaste container, attached to wall 33
- BOSBOS
- Behörden und Organisationen mit SicherheitsaufgabenAuthorities and organizations with security responsibilities
- HFHF
- Hochfrequenzhigh frequency
- OeV, ÖVOeV, public transport
- Öffentlicher VerkehrPublic transport
-
[1]
EP 1 201 693 B1
«Verfahren und System zur Registrierung von Billetten»[1]EP 1 201 693 B1
«Method and system for registering tickets» -
[2] «e-Ticketing»
Siemens Schweiz AG, Industry Sector, Mobility Division, Rail Automation www.litra.ch/download.php?file=dcs/users/2/3 20110316 MF dt.pdf
und http://www.litra.ch/dcs/users/2/3 20110316 MF dt.pdf
Internes Aktenzeichen: 2012Q25342.[2] «e-Ticketing»
Siemens Switzerland Ltd, Industry Sector, Mobility Division, Rail Automation www.litra.ch/download.php?file=dcs/users/2/3 20110316 MF dt.pdf
and http://www.litra.ch/dcs/users/2/3 20110316 MF dt.pdf
Internal file number: 2012Q25342. -
[3] «Inhalt und Struktur der Spezifikationen/Kundenschnittstelle und Zertifizierung in der VDV-Kernapplikation» Präsentation von Dipl.-Ing. Elke Fischer
VDV-KERNAPPLIKATIONS GmbH & Co. KG http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/
Internes Aktenzeichen: 2012Q25342.[3] «Content and structure of specifications / customer interface and certification in the VDV core application» Presentation by Dipl.-Ing. Elke Fischer
VDV-KERNAPPLIKATIONS GmbH & Co. KG http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/
Internal file number: 2012Q25342.
Claims (15)
- Method for registering a defined presence of e-tickets (10) in a means of transport (30), wherein the e-tickets (10) contain transmit/receive means for a radio communication with a transmit/receive unit (20) arranged in the means of transport (30), during which radiocommunication data for registering the defined presence of e-tickets (10) is transferred to the transmit/receive unit (20),
characterised in that
reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are permanently installed in the means of transport (30), the presence of which in the means of transport (30) is registered in the same way as the e-tickets (10) and a failure of a subsequent registration of a reference marker (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) is evaluated as a malfunction by the transmit/receive unit (20) and is indicated, whereini) the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are embodied to be structurally the same as the e-tickets (10), andii) an identity number of the reference marker (110) is transferred to the transmit/receive unit (20) during the radio communication and the transmit/receive unit (20) is taught by the permanent recording to recognise the transferred identity number as an identity number of a reference marker (110). - Method according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the identity numbers of a reference marker (110) are taught in that these identity numbers are also recorded in special operating states outside of regular operation and are as result recognised as identity numbers of a reference marker (110). - Method according to claim 2,
characterised in that a change in direction of travel at a terminal stop or a re-allocation of a route number or the waiting time in a depot is used as a special operating state in order to recognise a recording of an identity number as an identity number of a reference marker (110). - Method according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the identity numbers of a reference marker (110) are taught such that a history of the registered identity numbers of reference markers (110) and of e-tickets (10) is conducted in the transmit/receive unit (20) and an assignment of identity numbers to reference markers (110) is performed on the basis of this history. - Method according to one of claims 2 to 4,
characterised in that
a separate number range is provided for the e-tickets (10) and the reference markers (110) in each case. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the failure of a registration of a reference marker (110) is only then indicated as a malfunction if this failure exceeds a predetermined time interval. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the failure of a registration of reference markers (110) only then indicates a malfunction if at least two reference markers (110) are no longer registered. - Method according to claim 7,
characterised in that
a malfunction is only then indicated if the failure exceeds a predetermined time interval. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that
the malfunction is indicated to a system upstream of the transmit/receive unit (20). - System for registering a defined presence of e-tickets (10) in a means of transport (30), wherein the e-tickets (10) contain transmit/receive means for a radio communication with a transmit/receive unit (20) arranged in the means of transport (30), during which radio communication (41) data for registering the defined presence of the e-ticket (10) is transferred to the transmit/receive unit (20),
characterised in that
reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are permanently installed in the means of transport (30), the presence of which in the means of transport (30) is registered in the same way as the e-tickets (10) and a failure of a subsequent registration of a reference marker (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) is evaluated by the transmit/receive unit (20) as a malfunction and is indicated, whereini) the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are embodied to be structurally the same as the e-tickets (10), andii) that means are available in order to transfer an identity number of the reference marker (110) to the transmit/receive unit (20) during the radio communication and that means are also available so that the transmit/receive unit (20) is taught by the permanent recording to recognise the transferred identity number as an identity number of a reference marker (110). - System according to claim 10,
characterised in that
the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are installed concealed in the means of transport (30). - System according to claim 10 or 11,
characterised in that
the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are installed concealed in fixedly integrated elements (33, 34, 35) assigned to the means of transport (30) and as a result a wilful removal of these elements and thus a failure of the registration of the reference markers (110) can be recognised as a malfunction. - System according to claim 10 or 11,
characterised in that
the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are installed concealed in moveable elements assigned to the means of transport (30) and as a result a wilful removal of these elements and thus a failure of the registration of the reference markers (110) can be recognised as an malfunction. - System according to one of claims 10 to 13,
characterised in that
the reference markers (110, 1101, 1102, 1103) are supplied with energy, which emanates from energy which is available from its environment by means of a corresponding energy transducer. - System according to claim 14,
characterised in that
provision is made for energy transducers in the form of- solar cells for converting light into electrical energy or- a component, which transforms developing accelerations into electrical energy;- a component which transforms temperature changes into electrical energy.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12192566.3A EP2733676B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Method and system for preventing tampering in e-ticketing systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12192566.3A EP2733676B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Method and system for preventing tampering in e-ticketing systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2733676A1 EP2733676A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2733676B1 true EP2733676B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=47189763
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---|---|---|---|
EP12192566.3A Active EP2733676B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Method and system for preventing tampering in e-ticketing systems |
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EP (1) | EP2733676B1 (en) |
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CN111553992B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-07-06 | 深圳智优停科技有限公司 | Parking space management equipment management method and system |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU4495199A (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-22 | Swisscom Mobile Ag | Information system for public transport and corresponding communication method |
JP3806757B2 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2006-08-09 | シーメンス・ブイディーオー・オートモーティブ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Method and system for registering tickets |
JP2002275210A (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2002-09-25 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Oil-resistant rubber-modified polystyrene composition |
EP1235188A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-08-28 | Häni- Prolectron AG | Method for registering tickets |
EP1667074B1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2019-10-30 | mcity GmbH | Method for automatically recording the use of fee-based vehicles and for deducting the fees |
DE102006015237C5 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-06-25 | Db Systel Gmbh | Method for registering passenger travel in means of transport by means of a carrier medium for electronic tickets |
-
2012
- 2012-11-14 EP EP12192566.3A patent/EP2733676B1/en active Active
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