EP2733296B1 - Closing element for an opening in a building with a temperature sensor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a closure element for a building opening, which comprises a floor frame for mounting in said building opening and a casement in which a plurality of spaced-apart transparent window panes are arranged. Furthermore, the closure element comprises means for shading the building opening, which are arranged between two of the window panes (9, 10, 18), a drive, which is coupled to the shading means, a temperature sensor, which is arranged within the closure element, and a controller, which is set up to activate the drive as a function of the temperature. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for shading a building opening, which is closed with a closure member having a floor frame for mounting in said building opening, a sash, in which a plurality of spaced transparent window panes are arranged, means for shading the building opening between two of the window panes are arranged, and a drive, which is coupled to the shading means, a temperature sensor, which is arranged within the closure element, and a controller comprises. The drive is activated depending on the temperature.

Shading units or methods of the type mentioned are known in principle. As a rule, the shading is amplified with increasing temperature and attenuated with decreasing temperature in order to keep the temperature prevailing inside a building in a desired desired range even with changing external conditions. As a rule, a temperature sensor is therefore arranged in the inner region in order to adapt the actual temperature as well as possible to a desired temperature.

However, such a control can have a negative impact on the energy balance of a building. For example, this is the case when heating in winter warms the interior of the building and the shading is amplified as a result. This can happen, for example, if the setpoint temperature of a heating control is above the setpoint temperature of the shading control. But even with the same setpoint temperatures, measurement errors and control deviations can lead to the actual value of the room interior temperature being above the setpoint temperature of the shading control.

In the worst case, the control commands of a shading control, which is not networked with the heating control and cooperates with this, mutually aufzuschkeln. Namely, the undesirably initiated amplification of shading leads to the fact that the energy supplied by the sun into the building decreases, whereupon the heating control adjusts with increased heating power. Overall, the building is then heated more than it would actually be necessary.

The same effects, only with opposite signs, can also occur in summer when, for example, an air conditioner cools the inside of the building and the shading control mistakenly assumes that the building would need to be heated and, as a result, attenuates shading.

Shading units are known for example in the form of motorized blinds, shutters, blinds and the like. By means of a built-in accumulator, these shading units can be operated in particular independently of a power grid. Frequently, the shading units also include a photovoltaic module for power supply. In principle, however, other sources of energy can be used. In order not to overload the accumulator in the charging mode but also in current draw, or to protect it from explosion, the accumulators used often have temperature sensors.

Frequently, the shading units mentioned are controlled as a function of time, that is to say they are opened at a specific time and closed at a specific time. But time is only one of many factors influencing shading control and not necessarily the most important one. Another disadvantage of a time control is that usually a changeover between summer time and winter time is necessary and that the clock of the shading unit must be readjusted even after a failure of the power supply (power grid).

The EP 0 164 111 A2 describes a device for collecting and recycling of climatic data with connection to a power source and with automatically responsive devices for demand-controlled ventilation of lounges in closed and sealed Windows, with sensors for acquiring the climatic data, with a control part and with a motor-driven fan and / or air valve. The device is formed with the control part and the fan or air valve as a unit with an elongated housing for installation in the space between the panes special composite windows or door elements with connection to the power source and has next to the motor-operated fan and / or air valve at least one, usually two motor up and unrollable protective tracks, each of which extends substantially over the entire width of a window or door element.

From the US 2011/133940 A1 and the DE 103 17 914 A1 are to EP 0 164 111 A2 similar windows with control units, sensors and an automatic shading known.

An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved shading unit. In particular, the shading should be able to be controlled differentiated than before, without significantly increasing the technical complexity.

The object of the invention is achieved with a shading unit of the type mentioned, in which the temperature sensor is arranged in a cavity of the floor frame or the sash for measuring the temperature in the cavity.

The object of the invention is also achieved with a method of the type mentioned, in which the temperature is measured in a cavity within the floor frame or within the sash.

The temperature used for the shading control is due to the arrangement of the temperature sensor between the building interior temperature and the outside temperature. A deviation of the actual value of the internal temperature from the desired value therefore does not necessarily lead to an immediate response of the shading control. If the actual value of the internal temperature, for example, on a cold winter day because of an activated heating above the setpoint, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor of the shading control is only slightly increased because of the cool outside air. The response of the shading control to the elevated internal temperature, if any, is therefore moderate, and solar energy can continue to flow into the building. Is it during the Heating season, however, unexpectedly warm, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor of the shading control is more influenced by a deviation of the internal temperature, which may well in such a case, in winter to a stronger (desired) shading. The mentioned effects play a role especially in low-energy houses, especially if the power radiated by the sun exceeds the required heat output. If, in such a case, there is no shading, the actual value of the internal temperature may rise far above the setpoint. With fully automated air conditioning, in the worst case, even in winter, air conditioning can be activated to cool the room.

Similar considerations, only with opposite signs, can of course also be made for the summer. For example, a shading at high outside temperatures remains active even if the actual value of the internal temperature is less than the setpoint. Of course, the control presented is not only beneficial in summer or winter, but especially in the transitional period, in which there are often violent deviations in the outside temperatures from the actual outdoor temperature for the season in question.

An advantage of the proposed control is that it can make self-sufficient "meaningful" decisions and it does not necessarily require networking with other energy sources or energy sinks of the building for a desirable and energetically meaningful automatic shading, although this is of course not excluded. The proposed control is therefore particularly suitable for retrofitting existing buildings, where networking with other controls / regulations for temperature control of the building would not be possible or only with great effort. Since the control or regulation does not depend only on the internal temperature or merely on the outside temperature, the shading succeeds particularly well in self-sufficient operation.

It should be noted at this point that the terms "control" and "control" are used synonymously unless otherwise specified.

Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures.

It is favorable if the control is set up to intensify the shading by activation of the drive with increasing temperature and / or to attenuate the shading by activating the drive with decreasing temperature. In this way, the energy flow into the building can be controlled so that always sets a pleasant indoor climate inside the building. The difference between the outside temperature and inside temperature essentially determines the energy or power exchanged via the heat transfer between the building's interior and the outside world. The internal temperature can be assumed to be more or less constant in many cases, especially if this is controlled by a heater or air conditioning. In particular, shading means with high insulation effect (eg shutters or shutters) can significantly influence the heat transfer between the building interior and the outside world in this way.

It is advantageous if the shading unit comprises a light sensor coupled to the controller and the controller is adapted to increase the shading by activating the drive with increasing light intensity and / or attenuate the shading by activating the drive with decreasing light intensity. The light intensity is also an influential parameter for influencing a pleasant indoor climate. While the difference between the outside temperature and the inside temperature determines the heat transfer, the light intensity substantially determines the energy or power exchanged via radiation. Since the sun has a much higher temperature compared to room temperature, the radiation transmission through the building opening essentially determines the energy or power introduced into the building interior.

In addition, the light intensity for determining the time of day and especially when it is observed over a long period of time can also be used to determine the season. If only weak light is measured for a long time, it can be assumed that it is winter and a heating system is in operation. As a result, heat input into the building is desired. On a sunny winter's day it is therefore rather not shaded for a positive energy balance despite high light intensity. Conversely, it can be concluded with long-lasting strong light intensity that it is summer and a heat input into the building is usually undesirable. At high light intensity, the building opening is therefore rather shaded. By detecting outside temperature, light intensity and knowing an internal temperature in the range of 21 °, a decision as to whether and how much is to be shaded, by the control particularly differentiated.

In addition, it is noted that the light intensity is the proportion of the total radiant power emitted as from a light source in a given spatial direction into a solid angle element. The light intensity is the light intensity weighted with the standardized sensitivity curve of the human eye. In the context of the invention, therefore, the light intensity or another comparable physical quantity can also be unrestrictedly replaced by the light intensity.

• das Verschlusselement einen Akkumulator zur Energieversorgung des genannten Antriebs aufweist,
• der Temperatursensor zum Messen der Temperatur des Akkumulators ausgebildet ist und,
• die Steuerung dazu eingerichtet ist, den Antrieb in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur des Akkumulators zu aktivieren.

It is advantageous if

• the closure element an accumulator for supplying energy to said drive having,
• the temperature sensor is designed to measure the temperature of the accumulator and,
• the controller is adapted to activate the drive in dependence on the temperature of the accumulator.

Advantageously, a temperature-controlled shading unit for a building opening can be realized in this way, without the need for an additional temperature sensor would be required. The temperature sensor of the accumulator thus fulfills a double benefit.

It is favorable if the temperature sensor is arranged on or in the accumulator. This results in a strong coupling between the temperature sensor and the accumulator. The measured temperature therefore essentially corresponds to the accumulator temperature, which is why it can be used to control the charging process of the accumulator.

It is also favorable if the temperature sensor is spaced from the accumulator but thermally coupled thereto. Under certain circumstances, the shading unit can thereby be realized in a simpler manner, for example because the temperature sensor can be arranged more easily removed from the accumulator for reasons of space or circuitry. A thermal coupling between the accumulator and the temperature sensor can be realized, for example, by arranging a good thermal conductor between the accumulator and the temperature sensor. It would also be conceivable, for example, that both are arranged in the same cavity within the floor frame or within the sash.

It is generally advantageous if the cavity in which the temperature sensor is arranged is hermetically sealed, since this in turn results in a good thermal coupling between the accumulator and the temperature sensor.

However, it is also advantageous if the cavity in which the temperature sensor is arranged has at least one opening to the building exterior side of the closure element. In this way, the temperature sensor can be more strongly coupled to the outside of the building. The measured temperature is therefore closer to the outside temperature.

However, it is also advantageous if the cavity in which the temperature sensor is arranged has at least one opening to the inside of the building side of the closure element. In this way, the temperature sensor can be more strongly coupled to the inside of the building. The measured temperature is therefore closer to the internal temperature.

It is also favorable if the accumulator comprises a protective circuit for emergency shutdown of the accumulator with a further temperature sensor arranged on or in the accumulator. In this way, the accumulator is even then protected against damage or even destruction, if the accumulator and the shading assigned temperature sensor should fail.

It is particularly advantageous if the shading unit comprises a photovoltaic module for supplying energy to the drive or for charging the accumulator, which is additionally used as a light sensor. Instead of a light sensor or in addition to the light intensity can also be determined via a photovoltaic module for powering the drive or for charging the battery. The light intensity corresponds to the voltage of the photovoltaic module or can be derived from this.

It is advantageous if the shading unit comprises an additional temperature sensor for measuring the internal temperature of the building or means for inputting the same. For the decision whether and how much is to be shaded, the internal temperature of the building is also advantageously measured. If the indoor temperature can be assumed to be more or less constant, in particular if the building is conditioned by means of a control, then a (setpoint) of the indoor temperature can also be entered manually or via a communication link from a building air conditioning control (heating controller, air conditioner temperature controller) be transmitted. Of course, from this, the actual value of the internal temperature can be transmitted.

It is advantageous if the controller is set up to activate the drive as a function of a season. As mentioned, the season can in principle be determined by a long-term observation of the light intensity. Additionally or alternatively, the controller may also include an internal clock, respectively an internal calendar, for shading according to the current season and the associated preference to the building solar energy or remove, control.

• die Beschattung bei Dunkelheit unabhängig von der Temperatur zu verstärken, insbesondere zu aktivieren,
• die Beschattung bei schwachem Umgebungslicht unabhängig von der Temperatur abzuschwächen, insbesondere aufzuheben,
• die Beschattung bei starkem Umgebungslicht und niedriger Temperatur abzuschwächen, insbesondere aufzuheben, und
• bei starkem Umgebungslicht und hoher Temperatur zu verstärken, insbesondere zu aktivieren.

It is particularly advantageous if the controller is set up to

• to intensify the shading in the dark, regardless of the temperature, in particular to activate
• attenuate the shading in low ambient light regardless of the temperature, in particular cancel,
• attenuate the shading in strong ambient light and low temperature, in particular cancel, and
• amplify in strong ambient light and high temperature, in particular to activate.

This is a particularly comfortable variant of the controller. In the process, the building opening is shaded in the dark to prevent the view inside the building. In low light conditions (e.g., in winter) shading is avoided. Also, shading under strong ambient light and low temperature (e.g., sunny winter day) is avoided. However, in strong ambient light and high temperature (e.g., hot summer day) the shading is activated. Of course, this is just a variant of the control, which offers high comfort. Other embodiments are also conceivable. For example, it may be useful to cool a building which has been strongly heated by the summer sun despite shading by opening the shading means at night. For example, it may be provided that the shading remains active for, for example, three hours after nightfall and is then canceled. This prevents the building from being seen while the residents are awake, but then stops to cool the building. Another reason to cancel the shading while the residents sleep, the interior lighting achieved by the moon and stars, or even by a street lighting can be, so that the residents can orient themselves at least to some extent in the room, if they are at night to wake up.

It is also particularly advantageous if the controller is coupled to a charging circuit of the accumulator and is adapted to activate the drive as a function of the temperature of the accumulator only when the accumulator is not charged or has not been charged for a predeterminable period of time. This will prevent the Heating the accumulator when charging the (external) temperature measurement falsified. Analogously, it can also be provided to activate the drive as a function of the temperature of the accumulator only when the drive has not been activated for a predeterminable period of time, since the energy removal can also significantly increase the temperature of a rechargeable battery and thus falsify the measurement of the outside temperature.

It is favorable if the controller is set up to control the shading on the basis of at least one threshold value for the temperature and / or based on at least one threshold value for the light intensity. This allows the control of the shading done with little computational effort. Consequently, the controller for this variant can be constructed comparatively simple.

It is also favorable in the above context if a hysteresis is provided for the at least one threshold value. This can be prevented that the shading is changed in a fast-running sequence.

It is particularly advantageous if a shading unit has a communication module for communication with further shading units. This makes it possible that several shading units exchange information with each other. In particular, a group of shading units can be formed in this way.

It is advantageous if the controls of the shading units of a group are set up to evaluate the temperatures and / or the light intensities of a shading unit or several shading units in order to control their drives. In particular, the controllers may be configured to use the highest value, the lowest value, or the average of the temperature within the group for controlling the drives. In particular, the controls may also be configured to use the highest value, the lowest value, or the average of the light intensity within the group for controlling the drives. In this way, multiple shading units can be controlled in mutual dependence. For example, the shading of a north-facing window depending on the shading of a south-facing window at dawn can be canceled, so that the north-facing window does not remain shaded for an excessive period. Likewise, the shading a south-facing window depending on the shading of a north-facing window are activated at dusk, so that the south-facing window is not shaded too early. Another example would be the synchronous control of all shading units in a room or on a building side. In this way, it is avoided that some windows of a room or a building side are shaded, others not.

It is advantageous if the shading units are organized within a group according to the master-slave principle, i. a shading unit gives the group the specifications for the other group members. The master does not necessarily always have to be formed by the same shading unit. Of course, it is also possible that the first shading unit, which changes its degree of shading, the status of the master belongs. As a result, the other shading units are instructed to change their shade level in the same or some other predetermined way. Of course, it is also possible to organize the shading units without a dedicated hierarchy, that is, the shading units are then equally entitled.

It is particularly advantageous if the values for the temperatures and / or the light intensities of the shading units are weighted differently. This variant may be advantageous if in a group shading units of different importance for the residents are summarized. For example, the values found on a WC window may be less weighted than the values of a living room window. The weighting can also change depending on the time of day (which is determined, for example, by the periodic change in the light intensity). For example, in the morning, when it comes to eliminating shading, the values found on a bedroom window are rated highest, whereas in the evening, when it comes to activating shading, the values found on a living room window are rated highest. It is assumed that the shading units of both rooms belong to the same group. Of course, shading units can also belong to several groups or the group membership can also be changed depending on the time of day and / or season.

It is particularly advantageous if at least one controller within the group is set up to change control parameters, in particular at least one threshold value for the temperature and / or at least one threshold value for the light intensity of at least one other controller. In particular, the at least one controller is arranged to change control parameters of at least one other controller (for example at least one threshold value) when it activates the drive assigned to it. In this variant, shading units are not controlled directly by specific commands for changing the degree of shading ("hard" or "rigid" connection), but indirectly by changing the specifications which influence shading. For example, the master of a group can influence the slaves by influencing their threshold values for the temperature and / or for the light intensity. As an example, a master is given, which reduces its shading level. As a result, changed thresholds are output to the slaves, which favor a reduction in the degree of shading. Likewise, thresholds changed to the slaves will be given to increase their level of shading as the master increases its level of shading. As a result, the shading units of a group are "soft" connected. The shading units of a group therefore do not necessarily change their shading ratio synchronously, but it is likely that this is so. At a minimum, there is a high likelihood that the shading units will change their shading level in the same way in a short time. By way of example, a shading unit which activates or intensifies its shading can lower the temperature threshold values of the other shading units of the same facade by 3 ° C., thus ensuring "quasi-synchronism" of the shading units in the group. Other shading units on a dark side remain unaffected and remain open.

The shading unit is integrated in a closure element (eg window) with a plurality of spaced-apart transparent panes. The shading means are arranged between two of the said disks. It is also advantageous if the drive and / or the accumulator and / or the temperature sensor and / or the controller and / or optionally the photovoltaic module is / are arranged in the upper area of the window. In this way, a particularly favorable arrangement of the components results. Due to the special arrangement of shading these are virtually completely insensitive to contamination. By the

Arrangement of the components in the upper part of the window, these are in close local proximity, whereby they can be relatively easily interconnected.

Fig. 1

einen schematisch dargestellten Querschnitt durch ein beispielhaftes Fenster mit einer Beschattungseinheit;

Fig. 2

wie Fig. 1, nur mit vom Akkumulator abgesetztem Temperatursensor;

Fig. 3

wie Fig. 2, nur mit außenliegenden Belüftungsöffnungen;

Fig. 4

wie Fig. 2, nur mit innenliegenden Belüftungsöffnungen;

Fig. 5

einen beispielhaften zeitlichen Verlauf von Temperatur, Lichtintensität und Beschattungsgrad;

Fig. 6

eine schematisch dargestellte Gruppe von Beschattungseinheiten;

Fig. 7

einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein beispielhaftes Fenster, in welchem Isothermen eingezeichnet sind;

Fig. 8

wie Fig. 7, nur bei tieferer Außentemperatur als in Fig. 7 und

Fig. 9

wie Fig. 7, nur bei höherer Außentemperatur als in Fig. 7.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematically illustrated cross section through an exemplary window with a shading unit;

Fig. 2

as Fig. 1 , only with temperature sensor detached from the accumulator;

Fig. 3

as Fig. 2 , only with external ventilation openings;

Fig. 4

as Fig. 2 , only with internal ventilation openings;

Fig. 5

an exemplary time course of temperature, light intensity and shading level;

Fig. 6

a schematically illustrated group of shading units;

Fig. 7

a vertical section through an exemplary window in which isotherms are drawn;

Fig. 8

as Fig. 7 , only at lower outside temperature than in Fig. 7 and

Fig. 9

as Fig. 7 , only at higher outside temperatures than in Fig. 7 ,

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. are related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are in the case of a change of position, to be transferred accordingly to the new situation.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section through an exemplary window with a motorized shading unit for a building opening. The shading unit comprises means 1 for shading the building opening, a drive 2 which is coupled to the shading means 1, a rechargeable battery 3 for supplying power to said drive 2 and a temperature sensor 4 for measuring the temperature T of the rechargeable battery 3. As shown in FIG Fig. 1 can be seen, the temperature sensor 4 is located far outside the window. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 4 is therefore close to the outside temperature, if the accumulator 3 itself does not give off heat. In addition, the shading unit comprises a controller 5 which is adapted to activate the drive 2 as a function of the temperature T of the accumulator 3. Advantageously, a temperature-controlled shading unit for a building opening can be realized in this way, without the need for a separate temperature sensor 4 would be required.

Furthermore, the shading unit comprises a photovoltaic module 6 for supplying power to the drive 2 or for charging the accumulator 3, a charging circuit 7 of the accumulator 3 and communication module 8 for communication with other shading units. The shading unit is integrated in this example in a window with a plurality of panes 9, 10, which are installed in a conventional manner in a sash 11. The shading means 1 are arranged between said disks 9, 10 in this example. Of course, this is not mandatory, the shading means 1 can also be arranged in front of or behind the window. In this example, the shading means designed as a shutter 1. Equivalent they could, for example, but also be designed as a roller shutter, shutter, interior blinds, external venetian blind or curtain.

In addition, it is noted that the sectional view is not hatched in the upper part of the better representability sake, but there is a block diagram of the shading unit is shown. The spatial arrangement of the illustrated functional units may therefore also be different than shown. Only in the case of the temperature sensor 4, it is advantageous to arrange it at a location at which the outside temperature can be measured as uninfluenced. This is advantageously a point on the outside of the sash 11, which is in the shade.

• Generell ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Steuerung 5 die Beschattung durch Aktivierung des Antriebs 2 bei steigender Temperatur verstärkt und/oder die Beschattung durch Aktivierung des Antriebs 2 bei sinkender Temperatur abschwächt. Dadurch kann übermäßiger Energieeintrag in ein Gebäude und damit eine übermäßige Erwärmung desselben vermieden werden. Andererseits wird die Sonnenergie so weit als möglich auch für die Beheizung desselben genutzt, um beispielsweise eine Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe für die Gebäudeheizung zu vermindern oder nach Möglichkeit ganz zu vermeiden.

The function of in the Fig. 1 The arrangement shown is as follows:

• In general, it is advantageous if the controller 5 intensifies the shading by activating the drive 2 with increasing temperature and / or attenuates the shading by activating the drive 2 when the temperature drops. As a result, excessive energy input into a building and thus excessive heating of the same can be avoided. On the other hand, the solar energy is used as much as possible for the heating of the same, for example, to reduce the combustion of fossil fuels for the heating of the building or, if possible, to avoid altogether.

The difference between outside temperature and inside temperature essentially determines the energy or power exchanged via the heat transfer between the building's interior and the outside world. The internal temperature can be assumed to be more or less constant in many cases, especially if it is regulated with a (separate) heater or air conditioning. Advantageously, a temperature is measured by the arrangement of the accumulator 3 and the temperature sensor 4, which is between the internal temperature and the outside temperature.

In a simple embodiment of the invention, it may also be sufficient to essentially measure the outside temperature for controlling the shading device. Of course, it is also possible to include the internal temperature in the controller.

For example, a (setpoint) of the internal temperature can be entered manually. The shading unit may for this purpose comprise corresponding means for inputting the same, for example input keys (not shown). It is also possible that the shading unit comprises a temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring the internal temperature. Finally, the internal temperature (setpoint or actual value) can be obtained via the communication module 8 from an external unit (heating controller, temperature controller of an air conditioner). Despite input or transmission of only one setpoint for the internal temperature, the controller 5 can then work exactly when it can be assumed that the setpoint substantially corresponds to the actual value. This is the case when the room temperature is controlled, for example by a heater or an air conditioner.

It is advantageous if the drive 2 is activated as a function of the temperature of the accumulator 3 only when the accumulator 3 is not charged or was not charged for a predeterminable period of time. That is, the temperature measurement for setting a shading degree is performed only when the accumulator 3 is not charged or has not been charged for a predeterminable period of time, so that the measured temperature here substantially corresponds to the outside temperature. Analogously, it can also be provided to activate the drive 2 as a function of the temperature of the rechargeable battery 3 only if the drive 2 has not been activated for a predeterminable period of time, since the energy removal can also significantly increase the temperature of an accumulator 3.

It is also advantageous if the controller 5 amplifies the shading by activating the drive 2 with increasing light intensity L and / or attenuates the shading by activating the drive 2 when the light intensity L decreases. The light intensity is also an influential parameter, which essentially influences the energy or power introduced into the building interior.

In this example, the photovoltaic module 6 not only serves to supply power to the drive 2 or to charge the rechargeable battery 3, but is additionally used as a light sensor. A separate light sensor can thus be omitted. In this way, not only the temperature sensor 4 of the accumulator 3 fulfills a double benefit, but also the photovoltaic module 6. The light intensity corresponds to the voltage of the photovoltaic module 6 or can be derived from this.

In the in Fig. 1 The arrangement shown are all elements for shading in the sash 11. Generally, these elements can be installed in whole or in part in a floor frame. This applies in particular to the temperature sensor 4.

Fig. 2 shows a further schematically illustrated cross-section through an exemplary window, which corresponds to the in Fig. 1 window is very similar. In contrast, the shading unit or the window has no photovoltaic module 6, but is externally supplied, for example, from a central photovoltaic system. Furthermore, the temperature sensor 4 is now offset from the accumulator 3 or spaced, but thermally coupled thereto. The thermal coupling results from the fact that both the accumulator 3 and the temperature sensor 4 are arranged in a cavity within the casement 11. A closer thermal coupling could also be realized, for example, by a thermal conductor which connects the temperature sensor 4 and the accumulator 3 with each other.

It would also be conceivable that the accumulator 3 comprises a protective circuit for emergency shutdown of the accumulator 3 with a further temperature sensor arranged on or in the accumulator 3 (not shown).

In the in Fig. 2 As shown, the cavity in which the temperature sensor 4 is arranged is hermetically sealed. This is by no means mandatory. It would also be conceivable that said cavity 12 has at least one opening to the building exterior side of the closure element, as shown in the Fig. 3 is shown. In this way, the temperature sensor 4 can be more strongly coupled to the outside. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 4 is therefore closer to the outside temperature.

Fig. 4 shows a variant in which said cavity has an opening to the building inside side of the closure element. In this way, the temperature sensor 4 be more strongly coupled to the inside of the building. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 4 is therefore closer to the internal temperature.

Fig. 5 now shows an exemplary course of temperature T, light intensity L and level of shading B over time t. The temperature T (substantially corresponding to the outside temperature) and the light intensity L show a substantially sinusoidal course between day and night. Of course, this is a very simplistic assumption, of course, the course of events in reality can also deviate significantly from the course shown.

In addition, in the Fig. 5 Thresholds are drawn, by means of which the shading is controlled. Concretely, a threshold value SWT for the temperature T and two threshold values SWL1, SWL2 for the light intensity L are provided. As a result, the control of the blind 1 can be done with little computational effort. Consequently, the controller 5 can be constructed comparatively simple for this variant. The illustrated threshold values SWT, SWL1 and SWL2 are only illustrative examples. Of course, deviating threshold values for controlling the shading can also be provided. In particular, it is also advantageous if hystereses are provided for the threshold values SWT, SWL1, SWL2, whereby it can be prevented that the shading is changed in a rapidly occurring sequence. In the Fig. 5 however, no hystereses are provided for the thresholds SWT, SWL1, SWL2 for the sake of better clarity.

By the threshold value SWT for the temperature T, the temperature range is divided into a low temperature region T1 and a high temperature region T2. Likewise, the light intensity L is divided by the threshold values SWL1 and SWL2 into an area for darkness L1, weak ambient light L2, and strong ambient light L3.

Like from the Fig. 5 it can be seen, the degree of shading B in the dark L1 is 100%, the shading 1 (blinds) are thus completely closed. At dawn, ie at the transition defined by the threshold value SWL1 from darkness L1 to weak ambient light L2 (time t1), the shutter 1 (fully) is opened. Shading level B is then 0%.

Slowly increase light intensity L and temperature T. As from the Fig. 5 is apparent, the threshold SWL2 is exceeded at time t2. In the case of a pure control of the shading on the basis of the light intensity L, the shading would be activated at the time t2. Because the threshold value SWT of the temperature T included in the control is not yet exceeded at time t2, the degree of shading B remains unchanged for the time being.

This changes only at time t3, in which the threshold value SWT for the temperature is exceeded. The shutter 1 is thus driven down completely, but remains slightly open by appropriate inclination of the slats, so that in this example results in a degree of shading B of about 30%. Between the time t3 and t4 the degree of shading B is successively adapted to the prevailing temperature T or light intensity L.

At time t4, the temperature T falls below the threshold value SWT, whereupon the shading is canceled, that is, the shutter 1 is moved upwards. Shading level B thus drops to 0%.

The threshold SWL1 in this example defines not only the dawn, but also the dusk that occurs at the time t5. The shutter 1 is therefore driven down again at the time t5 and remains closed until the dawn.

• die Beschattung bei Dunkelheit L1 unabhängig von der Temperatur T zu verstärkt, insbesondere aktiviert,
• die Beschattung bei schwachem Umgebungslicht L2 unabhängig von der Temperatur T abschwächt, insbesondere aufhebt,
• die Beschattung bei starkem Umgebungslicht L3 und niedriger Temperatur T1 abschwächt, insbesondere aufhebt, und
• bei starkem Umgebungslicht L3 und hoher Temperatur T2 verstärkt, insbesondere aktiviert.

The Fig. 5 shows a time course of an advantageous shading unit, which:

• the shading at darkness L1 is increased, in particular activated, independently of the temperature T,
• the shading in low ambient light L2 attenuates, in particular abolishes, independently of the temperature T,
• attenuates the shading in strong ambient light L3 and low temperature T1, in particular abolishes, and
• amplified in strong ambient light L3 and high temperature T2, in particular activated.

In the process, the building opening is shaded in the dark L1, in order to prevent the view into the building interior. In low ambient light L2 (e.g., in winter) shading is avoided. Also, shading under strong ambient light L2 and low temperature T1 (e.g., sunny winter day) is avoided. In contrast, in strong ambient light L2 and high temperature T2 (e.g., hot summer day), the shading is activated.

Of course, this is only a variant of the controller 5, other embodiments are also conceivable. For example, it may be useful to cool down a building which has been strongly heated by the summer sun despite the fact that it is shaded by opening the blind 1 at night. For example, it may be provided that the shading remains active for, for example, three hours after nightfall and is then canceled. This prevents the building from being seen while the residents are awake, but then stops to cool the building. Another reason to cancel the shading while the occupants sleep, the thus achieved interior lighting by moon and stars or even by a street lighting, so that the residents can orient themselves at least to some extent in the room when in the Wake up night.

Basically, a time, or even a season, which may have influence on the control of the shading / can be determined with a built-in the controller 5 clock. In principle, however, the time of day and / or the season can also be determined by observing the light intensity L. This is subject to a daily period and a superimposed annual period. By averaging several daily maximums, the noon time can be determined relatively accurately. For interpolation, a lower-precision oscillator is sufficient. Also, a setting of a time can be omitted, which is why the shading unit input keys and a display for setting a time need not necessarily have. The shading unit adjusts itself practically with the aid of the detected light intensity L itself.

In the same way, a season can be determined. If only weak light is measured for a long time, it can be assumed that it is winter. Equally it can be assumed that it is summer, if relatively long term strong light is measured. An oscillator can again serve for interpolation, an adjustment of a calendar day is not absolutely necessary. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that the season is determined over the duration of the daylight. In summer the daylight is longer, in winter accordingly shorter.

Preferably, the controller 5 is adapted to control the drive 2 as a function of a season. In winter, heat input into the building is generally desirable in order to relieve heating, whereas in summer a heat input into the building is usually undesirable in order not to burden additionally an air conditioning system for cooling the building. In winter, therefore, the glare protection is in the foreground, whereas in the summer (also) the effect of shading is desired as heat protection. In general, it should be noted that the shading means 1 can not only be moved up and down by the drive 2, but also, for example, the position of the slats can be changed.

As already mentioned, the in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 Shading unit shown also a communication module 8 for communication with other shading units. This makes it possible that several shading units exchange information with each other. In particular, a group of shading units can be formed, wherein the temperatures T and / or the light intensities L of a shading unit or several shading units are evaluated in order to control their drives 2.

Fig. 6 shows an example in which a group is formed by three shading units or their controls 50..52. It is assumed that the controls 50..52 are organized according to the master-slave principle, wherein the controller 50, the master, the controllers 51 and 52 form the slaves.

The master controller 50 in this example receives the values for the temperatures T and light intensities L determined by the slave controllers 51 and 52. The slave controller 51 sends its measurements directly to the master controller 50 and at the same time acts as a repeater for the slaves Control 52. Of course, the controls 50..52 may also be organized in a star, for example. The communication as such can be wired, via radio or via light (eg infrared).

After all measured values are available, the master controller 50 decides whether and in what form the shading is to be changed. If it changes the shading degree B, it also sends the value for the new shading degree B to the slave controls 51 and 52, which in turn can set the new shading degree B.

In this way, multiple shading units can be controlled in mutual dependence. For example, the shading of a north-facing window depending on the shading of a south-facing window at dawn can be canceled, so that the north-facing window does not remain shaded for an excessive period. Similarly, the shading of a south-facing window depending on the shading of a north-facing window can be activated at nightfall, so that the south-facing window is not shaded too early. Another example would be the synchronous control of all shading units in a room or on a building side. In this way, it is avoided that some windows of a room or a building side are shaded, others not.

It is conceivable that the controls 50... 52 are set up to use the highest value, the lowest value or the mean value of the temperature T within the group for the activation of the drives 2, or the highest value, the lowest value or the mean value Light intensity L within the group.

The values for the temperatures T and / or the light intensities L of the shading units can also be weighted differently. This is for example advantageous if in a group shading units of different importance for the residents are summarized. For example, the values found on a WC window may be less weighted than the values of a living room window. The weighting can also change depending on the time of day and / or the season. For example, a different weighting may be applied in the morning than in the evening.

The controller 50 does not have to constantly play the role as master. One possibility would also be that each of the first controller 50..52, which changes the degree of shading, for a certain time belongs to the status of the master. For example, this could happen at a time the controller 50, at another time the controller 52. When the controller 52 becomes the master, the controllers 50 and 51 are instructed to set another shading degree B. Of course, but also an organization of the shading units without dedicated hierarchy is possible, that is, the shading units are equal.

In addition to the in Fig. 6 illustrated variant for controlling the shading within a group, the control can also take place in that at least one controller 5 is arranged within the group to control parameters, in particular at least one threshold SWT for the temperature T and / or at least one threshold SWL1, SWL2 for the Light intensity L of at least one other controller 5 to change.

In this variant, shading units are not controlled directly by specific commands to change the level of shading B (see the level of shading B transmitted by the master controller 50 to the slave controllers 51 and 52), but indirectly by changing the specifications which affect shading. For example, the master controller 50 may influence the slave controllers 51 and 52 to affect their thresholds SWT for the temperature T and / or their thresholds SWL1, SWL2 for the light intensity L, respectively. In the Fig. 6 Therefore, for example, a transmission of threshold values SWT, SWL1 and SWL2 takes the place of the transmission of the shading degree B.

If the master controller 50 reduces the shading degree B, threshold values SWT, SWL1 and SWL2 changed to the slave controllers 51 and 52 are output, which promote a reduction in their shading degree B. Likewise, threshold values SWT, SWL1 and SWL2 changed to the slave controllers 51 and 52 are output, which promote an increase in their shadowing degree B when the master controller 50 increases the shading degree B.

As a result, the shading units of a group or their controls 50..52 "soft" connected. Therefore, the shading units of a group do not necessarily change their shading degree B synchronously, but it is likely that so is. At a minimum, the likelihood that the shading units change their shading degree B in the same way in a short time is high.

The in the FIGS. 1 to 4 shown shading units or windows allow the control of shading on the basis of the temperature T of the accumulator 3. This is due to the arrangement of the temperature sensor 4 between the building's interior temperature and the outside temperature. Since the control or regulation in this case depends not only on the internal temperature or merely on the outside temperature, the shading succeeds particularly well. The latter also applies to the case where the temperature sensor 4 is indeed arranged in a cavity within the floor frame or within the sash, but the shading unit does not have an accumulator 3, but is connected to the power supply, for example.

An advantage of the presented shading unit (especially even in the absence of the accumulator 3) is that it can make self-sufficient "meaningful" decisions and it does not necessarily require networking with other energy sources or energy sinks of the building for a desirable and energetically meaningful automatic shading although this is of course not excluded. The presented shading unit is therefore particularly suitable for retrofitting existing buildings, where networking with other controls / regulations for temperature control of the building would not be possible or only with great effort. Since the control or regulation does not depend only on the internal temperature or merely on the outside temperature, the shading succeeds particularly well in self-sufficient operation.

Fig. 7 now shows a vertical section through a window in its upper area. The window comprises a floor frame 13 and a movably mounted wing frame 11, seals 14 and 15 and an aluminum panel 16 as weather protection. Furthermore, in the Fig. 7 a control board 17 is shown, on which the controller 5, the charging circuit 7 and the communication module 8 are constructed. In addition, in this example, the temperature sensor 4 is located on the control board 17. The temperature sensor 4 is thermally coupled to the accumulator 3, for example, by being glued to the accumulator 3 with a thermally conductive adhesive. In this example, the window further comprises three slices 9, 10 and 18.

In the Fig. 7 are three isotherms, namely for + 4 ° C, + 5 ° C and + 10 ° C, drawn, which result in the window at an internal temperature of 20 ° C and an outside temperature of 0 ° C. These can be calculated, for example, by means of a computer simulation or else measured on a real window.

The FIGS. 8 and 9 show that already in the Fig. 7 displayed windows at other temperatures. Specifically, the shows Fig. 8 the window at an internal temperature of 20 ° C and an outside temperature of -15 ° C and isotherms at -10 ° C, -8 ° C and -5 ° C. The Fig. 9 shows the window at an internal temperature of 20 ° C and an external temperature of 35 ° C and isotherms at + 30 ° C, + 31 ° C and + 32 ° C.

These isotherms show that the temperature sensor 4 arranged on the control board 17 is exposed to a temperature which is between the inside temperature and the outside temperature. However, the isotherms can also be used in particular to find a suitable place for the temperature sensor 4 or to design the window accordingly, so that a desired behavior of the controller 5 results, which indeed activates the drive 2 as a function of the temperature T measured by the temperature sensor 4 , In the Fig. 7 is the control board 17 a temperature of about + 4 ° C, in the Fig. 8 a temperature of about -8 ° C and in the Fig. 9 exposed to a temperature of about + 31 ° C.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of a shading device according to the invention, respectively, of a window according to the invention. In particular, the disclosed teaching is mutatis mutandis applicable to shading other than a blind 1, for example on shutters, Venetian blinds, curtains and so on.

In particular, it is noted that the illustrated devices may in reality also comprise more or fewer components than illustrated.

For the sake of the order, it should finally be pointed out that the shading device and the window and their components have been shown partly out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size for a better understanding of their construction.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

shading means

2

drive

3

accumulator

4

temperature sensor

5, 50..52

control

6

Photovoltaic module

7

charging circuit

8th

communication module

9

windowpane

10

windowpane

11

casement

12

opening

13

stock frame

14

poetry

15

poetry

16

aluminum cover

17

control board

18

windowpane

B

shading degree

L

Light intensity

L1..L3

Area for light intensity

SWL1, SWL2

Threshold for light intensity

SWT

temperature threshold

T

temperature

t

Time

T1, T2

temperature range

t1..t5

time

Claims (25)

1. Closure element for an opening in a building, comprising

   - an edge frame (13) for mounting in said building opening,

   - a casement frame (11), in which multiple transparent window panes (9, 10, 18) are arranged at a distance from each other,

   - means (1) for shading the building opening which are arranged between two of the window panes (9, 10, 18),

   - a drive unit (2) which is coupled to the shading means (1),

   - a temperature sensor (4) which is arranged inside the closing element, and

   - a controller (5, 50...52) which is able to activate the drive unit (2) as a function of temperature (T),

   characterised in that
   the temperature sensor (4) is arranged in a cavity in the edge frame (13) or casement frame (11) in order to measure the temperature in the cavity.
2. Closure element according to claim 1, characterised in that the cavity in which the temperature sensor (4) is arranged is sealed airtight.
3. Closure element according to claim 1, characterised in that the cavity in which the temperature sensor (4) is arranged has at least one opening towards the side of the closure element on the outside of the building.
4. Closure element according to claim 1, characterised in that the cavity in which the temperature sensor (4) is arranged has at least one opening towards the side of the closure element on the inside of the building.
5. Closure element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that

   - it comprises an accumulator (3) for supplying energy to said drive unit (2),

   - the temperature sensor (4) is designed to measure the temperature (T) of the accumulator (3), and

   - the controller (5, 50...52) is configured to activate the drive unit (2) as a function of the temperature (T) of the accumulator (3).
6. Closure element according to claim 5, characterised in that the temperature sensor (4) is arranged on or in said accumulator (3).
7. Closure element according to claim 5, characterised in that the temperature sensor (4) as arranged at a distance from the accumulator (3) but thermally coupled therewith.
8. Closure element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the accumulator (3) comprises a protective circuit for emergency shutdown of the accumulator (3) with a further temperature sensor arranged on or in the accumulator (3).
9. Closure element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the controller (5, 50...52) is configured to increase the shading by activating the drive unit (2) when the temperature (T) rises and/or diminish the shading by activating the drive unit (2) when the temperature (T) falls.
10. Closure element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised by a photovoltaic module (6) for supplying energy to the drive unit (2) and/or for charging the accumulator (3), and which also functions as a light sensor.
11. Closure element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised by a temperature sensor (4) for measuring the temperature inside the building or means for inputting same.
12. Closure element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by a communication module (8) for communicating with other closure elements.
13. Method for shading a building opening which is closed by a closure element that comprises an edge frame (13) for mounting in said building opening, a casement frame (11) in which multiple transparent window panes (9, 10, 18) are arranged at a distance from each other, means (1) for shading the building opening arranged between two of the window panes (9, 10, 18), and a drive unit (2) which is coupled to the shading means (1), a temperature sensor (4) which is arranged inside the closing element, and a controller (5, 50...52), wherein the drive unit (2) is activated by the controller (5, 50...52) as a function of temperature (T),
    characterised in that
    the temperature (T) is measured in a cavity within the edge frame (13) or the casement frame (11).
14. Method according to claim 13, characterised in that the closure element is equipped with a light sensor on the outside of the building, which is coupled to the controller (5, 50...52), and the shading is increased by activation of the drive unit (2) with the controller (5, 50...52) when the light intensity (L) increases and/or the shading is increased by activation of the drive unit (2) with the controller (5, 50...52) when the light intensity (L) diminishes.
15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the drive unit (2) is activated depending on a season with the controller (5, 50...52) which is configured therefor.
16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that

    - the shading is increased in response to darkness (L1) regardless of the temperature (T),

    - the shading is diminished in response to low ambient light (L2) regardless of the temperature (T),

    - the shading is diminished in response to strong ambient light (L3) and low temperature (T1), and

    - is strengthened in response to high ambient light (L3) and high temperature (T2) with the controller (5, 50...52) which is configured therefor.
17. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterised in that the controller (5, 50...52) is coupled to a charging circuit (7) of the accumulator (3), and the drive unit (2) is only activated as a function of the temperature (T) of the accumulator (3) while the accumulator (3) is not being charged or for a presettable time after the accumulator has been charged with the controller (5, 50...52) which is configured therefor, wherein the closure element is equipped with the accumulator (3) to supply energy to said drive unit (2), and the temperature sensor (4) is designed to measure the temperature (T) of the accumulator (3), and the controller (5, 50...52) is configured to activate the drive unit (2) as a function of the temperature (T) of the accumulator (3).
18. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterised in that the shading is controlled on the basis of at least one threshold value (SWT) for the temperature (T) and/or on the basis of at least one threshold value (SWL1, SWL2) for the light intensity (L) with the controller (5, 50...52) which is configured therefor.
19. Method according to claim 18, characterised in that a hysteraesis is provided for the at least one threshold value (SWT, SWL1, SWL2).
20. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterised in that in order to activate shading of a group of closure elements with the controllers (5, 50...52) which are configured therefor, the temperatures (T) and/or the light intensities (L) of one or more closure elements from the group is/are evaluated for controlling the drive units thereof (2).
21. Method according to claim 20, characterised in that the highest value, the lowest value or the average value of the temperature (T) within the group is considered for actuating the drive units (2) with the controllers (5, 50...52) which are configured therefor.
22. Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterised in that the highest value, the lowest value or the average value of the light intensity (L) within the group is considered for actuating the drive units (2) with the controllers (5, 50...52) which are configured therefor.
23. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterised in that different weightings are applied to the values for the temperatures (T) and/or the light intensities (L) of the closure elements.
24. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterised in that at least one controller (5, 50...52) within the group is configured to change control parameters of at least one other controller (5, 50...52).
25. Method according to claim 24, characterised in that the at least one controller (5, 50...52) is configured to change control parameters of at least one other controller (5, 50...52) when it activates the drive unit (2) assigned to it.

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