EP2733276B1 - Élément de construction pour une structure de mur et d'un plafond en bois et un procédé de production - Google Patents
Élément de construction pour une structure de mur et d'un plafond en bois et un procédé de production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2733276B1 EP2733276B1 EP13190754.5A EP13190754A EP2733276B1 EP 2733276 B1 EP2733276 B1 EP 2733276B1 EP 13190754 A EP13190754 A EP 13190754A EP 2733276 B1 EP2733276 B1 EP 2733276B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ribs
- lamellas
- layer
- timber
- building element
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 144
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 timber T profiles Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a building element for timber wall and ceiling constructions and the method thereof, or to be more specific, a massive cross laminated timber plate with transversely inserted ordinary or pre-stressed ribs and the method for its production.
- Building elements according to the invention can be used for building timber walls and/or ceilings in new buildings and for renovating existing buildings, including their seismic strengthening.
- the invention belongs to E04C 2/38 and to E04C 2/34 and, additionally, to E04C 2/296.
- the technical problem solved by this invention is how to conceive an isolated building element for timber ceiling and wall constructions that will be made in a uniform continuous phase of a technological process and preferentially from the same type of wooden boards, that will be based on a cross laminated massive timber plate and that if combined with inserted ordinary or pre-stressed and curved ribs, respectively, it will be useful for a prefabricated construction of timber floors, or if combined with inserted ordinary and straight ribs, respectively, it will be useful for a prefabricated construction of timber walls, where during construction the massive cross laminated timber plate could be located on either the outer or inner side of the wall or the ceiling, the process of prefabrication and assembly of the construction element will be simple, fast and affordable.
- Strengthening timber ribs are fitted into a massive timber plate from one side or with one longer edge and with the opposite edge into a groove of a strengthening purlin with insulation infill built in between.
- the webs of the ribs can be made continuous or discontinuous with the strengthenings at the ends of the ribs always being continuous.
- the grooves in the massive timber panel are profiled and of the same width as the timber ribs the edges of which are also profiled.
- the cross section of the grooves is mirrored compared to the cross section of the profiles, however, both of them are preferentially milled.
- the massive panel and the strengthening ribs are made separately and independently of one another followed by the connecting of ribs with the plate.
- connection between the massive timber panel and the strengthening timber ribs is made via the aforementioned milled grooves and edges.
- the shape of the profiled grooves and edges is such that it allows connecting of strengthening ribs to the massive plate by preventing them from being pulled out.
- the document does not specify if the ribs are also glued into the grooves. This can present a weakness and deficiency that can lead to the joint between the ribs and the plate slipping, hence preventing a full interaction.
- weakness and deficiency is in the fact that the use of laminated timber plates glued in one direction is foreseen, hence only allowing for loading of the panels along their main longitudinal direction, depending on their orientation.
- weakness and deficiency is in the fact that each of the components is made from a different timber product with different characteristics. Furthermore, weakness and deficiency is in the fact that its production takes place in several sequential and non-continuous technological phases. First, the profiled grooves are milled into the massive timber plate and then the profiled edges on the strengthening ribs as well as the grooves in the strengthening purlins. In the last phase, all these components are assembled together in a certain order. Furthermore, weakness and deficiency is in the fact that the design of the strengthening ribs is such that it does not allow for the use of the structural element with the massive plate on the bottom side and the ribs on the top side in the case of structural and/or fire requirements.
- a construction of a multi-layer insulation plate made as a combination of timber load bearing layers and insulation layers, such as thermal, sound and fire layers is known.
- the plates are combined in a relatively optional manner, the shear connection between the softer insulation layers is made with transverse timber ribs that are fitted into the upper and lower plate through pre-milled adapted grooves.
- the grooves are of optional depth, of the same shape and width as the longitudinal edges of the ribs inserted and glued into them.
- the load bearing timber connections are on both end sides or faces of the multilayered plate.
- a roof element which is a combination of plywood, timber T profiles, steel sheet and the intermediate insulation is known. It is intended for covering roofs though not meant for walls and floors of building. Weakness and deficiency of this solution is in the fact that the production takes place in several sequential and non-continuous technological phases since all the components are made independently of one another. It is followed by their assembly where the timber beams are connected together with plywood on the top compressions side, namely with gluing or with a combination of glue and nails. The insulation is inserted in between and a thin layer of steel sheeting is placed at the bottom though the latter does not contribute to the load bearing capacity.
- the element's use is explicitly restricted to the use for roof constructions where the bottom steel layer does offer a non-combustible surface, however, not also the necessary insulation in the case of a fire. It basically leads to a fast combustion of the inner timber ribs. Furthermore, weakness and deficiency is in the fact that due to the slenderness of the construction elements and the non-load bearing role of the steel sheeting it is not suitable for the construction of wall and ceiling elements.
- WO 02/31283 A1 discloses a prefabricated floor structure component and method for the production of such a component, the prefabricated floor structure component comprising a structural body comprising an elongate multi-layer plate being provided with shallow longitudinally extending grooves which receive upper end portions of web members extending into said grooves.
- EP2060694A1 and WO2007/068267A disclose also building elements according to the state of the art.
- the technical problem is resolved with a building element for timber wall and ceiling constructions according to claim 1 and a use thereof according to claim 9 along with the producing method thereof according to claim 11 whose main feature is that it is conceived as a massive cross laminated timber plate with perpendicularly transverse strengthening ribs and can be made within one single continuous technological production phase of the production process. Based on the intended use the strengthening ribs can also be pre-stressed.
- the building element according to the invention is made from one type of timber without any necessary additional machining of individual parts.
- the design of the ribs allows the building element to be turned upside down in the case of floor structures, hence the bottom side of the plate can be massive and the ribs are turned upwards and vice versa.
- the building element is preferentially conceived as an open structure with its massive cross laminated timber plate allowing various loads in the longitudinal or transverse direction, based on its main orientation.
- the building element according to the invention is preferentially made of at least 3 or more layers, with its cross laminated massive timber plate 18 made from timber outer lamellas 2 and 4 and inner lamellas 3 and 5, where between and perpendicularly to the outer lamellas 2 the ribs 1 are placed, which are spaced to each other for the width of the intermediate outer lamellas 2 so that they form the intermediate compartments into which the insulation infill 19 can be placed and the whole assembly can be closed by a cover plate 20 on the side of the ribs 1.
- the building element according to the invention can also be made without a cover plate 20 and/or insulation infill 19. As said, the lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5 form a cross laminated massive timber plate 18, the number of layers can be optional.
- the stratification of cross laminated massive timber plates 18 can be optional as layers from timber lamellas 2, 4 and 5, which are normally orientated in the same direction as timber ribs 1, and the layers of timber lamellas 3, which are normally orientated perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the ribs 1, follow each other alternatively.
- the total number of layers by taking into account the aforementioned alternating row of lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5, depends on the desired thickness of the cross laminated massive plate 18. However, it applies that the layers of outer lamellas 2 and 4, which run in the direction of ribs 1, can be doubled. Below the outermost layers of lamellas 2 on the side of the ribs 1 and the outer lamellas 4 on the opposite side, a layer of lamellas 5 can be placed, which also runs in the direction of the ribs 1.
- the ribs 1 are preferentially shaped as a longer and somewhat thinner block, however, they can be of various dimensions and also of different shapes and the height of the ribs 1 has to be larger than their width.
- the spacing and cross section of ribs 1 are adjusted to the type of the insulation infill 19, which can be placed in between the ribs 1 either in plates or can be blown in.
- the number and width of the outer lamellas 2 placed flat in the first outer layer on the side of the ribs 1 are adjusted.
- the ribs 1, all the layers of the outer lamellas 2 and 4 and the inner lamellas 3 and 5 can be of massive timber, of the shape of a single lamella with a limited length, or of cross laminated timber, glued laminated timber or LVL.
- the ribs 1 can be made from one piece of timber, of an optional thickness, or can be made from several thinner elongated timber elements 1, 1.1, 1.n as shown in Fig. 5 .
- the lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be of optional widths and thicknesses.
- the ribs 1 and lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5 are made of timber, preferentially of the same type, however, in certain specific cases, they can be made of different types of timber.
- the ribs 1 normally run along their longer direction, namely along the building, however, with the lower wall elements the ribs 1 run transversely or along the height of the wall.
- the ribs 1 are preferentially straight, not pre-stressed, however, for their use as floor or ceiling elements, the cross laminated massive plates 18 have ribs 1 pre-stressed as shown in Fig. 8 .
- the building elements can be made from a combination of pre-stressed and non-pre-stressed ribs 1 if the stresses and loads demand so.
- composition of the cross laminated massive plate 18 made from lamellas 2, 3, 4, 5 and ribs 1 is made within one uninterrupted phase of the technological procedure, hence in a continuous production process, described hereinafter.
- a building element according to the invention is shown that is made from a 5-layer cross laminated massive timber plate 18 with vertical ribs 1, the insulation infill 19 and a wooden cover plate 20.
- the cross laminated massive timber plate 18 is made of two layers of the outer lamellas 2 and 4 in between which, there are located two layers of inner lamellas 3 that surround the layer of inner lamellas 5.
- the ribs 1 are positioned between the neighbouring outer lamellas 2, and within the same cross laminated massive timber plate 18, they are preferentially of the same height, width and length
- the ribs 1 run parallel in the same direction and are spaced to each other for the width of one or more outer lamellas 2 so that they form intermediate hollow compartments that are later filled with an appropriate insulation infill 19.
- the outer lamellas 2 and 4 and inner lamellas 5 run in the direction of ribs 1 and perpendicularly to them run inner lamellas 3 in both layers.
- the cross laminated massive timber plate 18 can be covered with a cover plate 20.
- the cross laminated massive timber plate 18 with ribs 1 is made in a one-time continuous process of stacking, gluing and pressing.
- the insulation infill 19 and the cover plate 20 are built in subsequently.
- the ribs 1 can also be glued to the first layer of outer flat-laid lamellas 2 over the side contact surface 8, however, this contact does not act as a primary load transfer of the shear forces into the core of the cross laminated massive plate 18.
- the narrower contact surfaces 9, 10, 11 and 16 can also be glued, however, they do not matter from the construction point of view as they are not load bearing which also applies for side contact surfaces 8 between the outer lamellas 2 and ribs 1.
- the described is shown in a series of figures, namely from Fig. 2 to including Fig. 7 .
- the type of glue can be optional, however, the characteristics of the glue must fit the intended use of the building element.
- the feasibility example of a 3-layered cross laminated massive timber plate 18 with ribs 1 in Fig. 2 is characterised by the fact that the outer lamellas 2 and the outer lamellas 4 that run in the direction of the ribs 1 are of the same thickness on both sides of the cross laminated massive plate 18 and are somewhat thicker than the inner lamellas 3 that run perpendicularly to the ribs 1.
- the described is only valid for this feasibility example and is not a general rule for the other feasibility examples of the building element.
- a 3-layered cross laminated massive plate18 with ribs 1 in Fig. 3 is characterised by the fact that the thickness of the ribs 1 is much larger than the thickness of the outer lamellas 2 and 4 and of the inner lamellas 3 that form the cross laminated timber plate 18.
- Fig. 4 shows a 5-layer cross laminated timber plate 18 with ribs 1 the characteristic of which is the numerical sequence of the outer lamellas 2 and the intermediate ribs 1 that is in a 2:1 ratio in the presented feasibility example.
- the sequence is formed by two juxtaposed lamellas 2, one rib 1 and again two juxtaposed lamellas 2 that is cyclically repeated over the whole width of the cross laminated massive plate 18, in which the outer lamellas 4 and inner lamellas 5 are located that run in the direction of the ribs 1 and are of different widths.
- the inner lamellas 3 in both layers and that run perpendicularly to the direction of the ribs 1 can also be of different dimensions. In the presented feasibility example the thicknesses are different.
- Fig. 5 shows a 5-layer cross laminated massive timber plate 18 with ribs 1, 1', which is characterised by the numerical sequence of the outer lamellas 2 and the intermediate ribs 1 that is in a 1:2 ration in the presented feasibility example.
- the sequence is formed by a single lamella 2, juxtaposed ribs 1 and 1' of a two-layer structure and again by a single lamella 2.
- the sequence is cyclically repeated over the whole width of the cross laminated massive plate 18 where the outer lamellas 4 and 2 and inner lamellas 5 run in the direction of the ribs 1 and 1', whereas the inner lamellas 3 in both layers run perpendicularly to the aforementioned composition.
- Fig. 6 shows a feasibility example of a 5-layer cross laminated massive plate 18 with ribs 1, which is characterised by the fact that orientation or position of the two marginal layers of the outer lamellas 4, inner lamellas 5 and outer lamellas 2 that all run in the direction of the ribs 1 is the same. Perpendicularly to the ribs 1 are only the inner lamellas 3 in the layer between the outer lamellas 2 and the inner lamellas 5 where the lamellas 2 and lamellas 5 in the appurtenant layers are somewhat shifted hence the contact surfaces 9 and 11 between individual lamellas 2 and 5 do not coincide along the vertical.
- Fig. 7 The next feasibility example of a 5-layer cross laminated massive plate 18 with ribs 1 is shown in Fig. 7 . It is characterised by the fact that the orientation of the juxtaposed connections of the outer lamellas 2 and the inner lamellas 5 on the side of the ribs 1 is the same. Perpendicularly to the ribs 1 run only the inner lamellas 3 in the layer between the outer lamellas 4 and the inner lamellas 5, where the lamellas 4 and lamellas 5, that run parallel with the ribs 1 along with the outer lamellas 2, are somewhat shifted, hence the contact surfaces 9 and 11 between individual lamellas 4 and 5 do not coincide along the vertical.
- a 3-layered feasibility example of a cross laminated massive plate 18 with ribs 1, shown in Fig. 8 is characterised by the fact that the ribs 1 are of a pre-stressed structure.
- the ribs 1 in their neutral form are somewhat pre-curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis, namely by a distance X.
- the height of the curve X over the tangent depends on the demanded characteristics of an individual composition of a cross laminated massive timber plate 18, its expected loading and on the dimensions and spacing of ribs 1.
- the pre-stressed rib 1 structure is, as a rule, usable for floor building elements as its use for wall elements would not make sense.
- the distance X for the cases of pre-stressed ribs 1 can be from a few millimetres to a few centimetres measured from the tangent of a straight axis.
- L defines the span of the cross laminated massive plate 18, f m the bending strength of the timber used for ribs 1, E the modulus of elasticity of timber and h the height of ribs 1.
- the distance X is not dependant of the rib 1 width.
- the largest displacement or the largest maximum distance X max for 10 cm wide and 14 to 20 cm high ribs 1 and for spans of 4 m to 8 m is between 22 and 126 mm with the average value of 63 mm.
- the size of bending and hence the pre-stressing of ribs 1 is also influenced by the thickness of the cross laminated massive plate 18.
- All the aforementioned feasibility examples of the building elements according to the invention that include a cross laminated massive plate 18 with ribs 1 are characterised by the fact that the lamellas 2, 4 and 5 run in the direction of the ribs 1, the lamellas 3 run perpendicularly to them and that the number of layers of lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5 within a cross laminated massive plate 18 can be optional as can their location and relative position. It is also a fact that the ribs 1 run in the longer direction of the production format of the building element or the cross laminated massive plate 18 when it is used for floor elements and in the shorter direction for the production of wall elements.
- the continuous procedure of the building element's production according to the invention is characterised by the fact that all the necessary working operations are done within one uninterrupted phase of a technological process or procedure without additional prior and/or intermediate machining of grooves for ribs 1.
- a press is used for pressing massive timber plates of all sorts of implementations, however, it is not specifically presented. It has to enable the production of cross laminated massive plates 18 with ribs 1 that can have the shape of a somewhat larger cube or a somewhat longer block of an optional thickness and width. In our case, it is a cross laminated massive plate 18 in the shape of a block, glued together from several layers of lamellas 2, 3, 4 and 5 where the timber ribs 1 are perpendicularly placed between and to the outer lamellas 2.
- a cross laminated massive plate 18 is made from a layer of outer lamellas 4 and a layer of outer lamellas 2 and between them can be located an optional number of layers of inner lamellas 3 and/or 5 that run perpendicularly and/or parallel with ribs 1.
- appropriate devices can be used such as a lamella sorter and a glue spreader that are not shown here.
- Fig. 9 For a clearer description of the method of construction and assembly of the building elements Fig. 9 is used where a 3-layer cross laminated massive plate 18 made of layers of outer lamellas 2 to 2.n and 4 to 4.n and inner layers of lamellas 3 to 3.n and ribs 1 to 1.n is shown. By analogy the procedure is the same for four, five and more layered cross laminated massive plates with ribs 1 and/or 1.1.
- the sorter places the first layer of the outer lamellas 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 to 4.n, the fibres of which run in the same direction as the ribs 1, which will be added later, on an appropriate movable base.
- Glue can be applied to their contact surfaces 9 prior to that, however, that is not necessary even though it improves the airtightness between lamellas 4 and increases the shear stiffness of layers at in-plane loading of the cross laminated massive plate 18, i.e. at earthquake loads on walls.
- a layer of glue is than applied over the first layer of lamellas 4 to 4.n followed by the application of the second layer of inner lamellas 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 to 3.n and both layers are glued together over the larger contact surfaces 14.
- the lamellas 3 to 3.n can run perpendicularly to lamellas 4 to 4.n or parallel to them.
- the narrow contact surfaces 10 between lamellas 3 to 3.n the same applies as for the aforementioned narrow contact surfaces 9.
- the application of the glue on the second layer is followed by the procedure of assembling the third, final upper layer that is made from outer lamellas 2, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.n and the intermediate ribs 1 and/or 1.1 perpendicular to them.
- the claimed invention is above all characterised by the procedure and the sequence of the assembly and gluing of the uppermost layer of outer lamellas 2 to 2.n and the intermediate perpendicular ribs 1 and/or 1.1 without any machine or manual treatment of the necessary grooves, as show in Fig. 9 .
- the upper layer of lamellas 2 to 2.n and the intermediate ribs 1 to 1.n are placed on the second-to-last layer preferentially simultaneously, whereby they are placed in the chosen order by the sorter.
- the sorter For the feasibility example shown in Fig. 9 , it applies that they are placed by the sorter on the previously glue-coated layer of lamellas 3 to 3.n in the following order: horizontal lamella 2, next to it a vertical rib 1.
- the described sequence consists of an alternating string of one lamella 2 and one rib 1, which is cyclically repeated until the final dimension of the cross laminated massive plate 18 is achieved.
- the assembly or the stacking of outer lamellas 2 and vertical ribs 1 can also be done individually in the given sequence if the sorter does not allow simultaneous stacking.
- the sorter can sort the final layer in different alternating strings formed by, for example one rib 1 and one lamella 2 or two lamellas 2 and one rib 1 or two ribs and 1' and one lamella 2, etc.
- the 4 th and 5 th layer can both be parallel or perpendicular based on the orientation of the 1 st and 2 nd layer.
- ribs 1 it applies that they can be of an optional cross-section and of an optional type of timber. They can be made from several pieces that are assembled together in the process of pressing.
- the vertical ribs 1 to 1.n are glued to the second-to-last layer of the cross laminated massive plate, in the presented example on the inner lamellas 3 to 3.n.
- the main load bearing contact surfaces 6 are located, over which the shear flow is transferred along the ribs 1 into the core of the cross laminated plate 18.
- the side contact surfaces 8 between the ribs 1 and the lamellas 2 are not load bearing as they are not primarily meant to transfer stresses.
- the assembly of the building element according to the invention from the cross laminated massive plate 18 and ribs 1 is finished, it is placed into the press where all the assembled elements are pressed together in the vertical and if necessary also in the horizontal direction. Especially important is the pressing in the vertical direction that assures that the glue between the main contact surfaces 7, 13, 14, 15 and 17 of individual layers reaches its appropriate or desired strength.
- the pressing in the horizontal direction is necessary in the case of the simultaneous gluing of the narrower contact surfaces 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 16. If the vertical ribs 1 are tangentially curved in the longitudinal direction, they are straightened in a horizontal shape in the press during pressing and are straight in the final form.
- the insulation infill 19 and the cover plate 20 are preferentially built after the final pressing procedure, before or after the installation of the building elements into walls or floors.
- the global orientation of the cross laminated massive plates 18 with ribs 1 can be optional.
- the cross laminated massive plates 18 are turned with ribs downwards, the smooth surface of the flat upper plate can be used and the installations are led between the ribs 1 on the bottom side.
- the cross laminated massive plates 18 are meant for wall elements, then the ribs 1 are placed on the outer side, hence providing a secondary structure on which the façade panels are hung. In this case, the intermediate space between the ribs 1 is filled with either an insulation infill 19 in panels or it is blown into the compartments.
- the insulation infill can be closed from the outer side with a vapour-defusing cover plate 20.
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- Architecture (AREA)
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Claims (13)
- Elément de construction pour des structures de mur et de plafond en bois, l'élément de construction comprenant une plaque massive (18), la plaque massive (18) étant sous la forme d'une plaque massive (18) à stratification croisée, caractérisé en ce que la plaque massive (18) comprend au moins trois couches ou plus de lamelles (2, 3, 4, 5) orientées en alternance, moyennant quoi une couche de lamelles externes (2) repose transversalement sur une couche de lamelles internes (3), dans lequel, dans la couche de lamelles externes (2) et entre elles, des nervures (1) espacées les unes des autres d'une certaine distance sont positionnées de telle sorte qu'avec leur surface de contact plus petite (6) elles reposent perpendiculairement sur la couche de lamelles internes (3) et que sur les surfaces de contact latérales (8), elles sont assemblées aux lamelles externes (2) voisines, moyennant quoi les nervures (1), les lamelles externes (2) et les lamelles internes (3) forment ensemble une fente virtuelle (21).
- Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'espacement entre les nervures (1) dépend du nombre et de la largeur des lamelles externes (2).
- Elément de construction selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la plaque massive (18) à stratification croisée est limitée sur un côté par la couche de lamelles externes (2) espacées et sur l'autre côté par une autre couche de lamelles externes (4), moyennant quoi les lamelles externes (2) et les autres lamelles externes (4) s'étendent dans le sens longitudinal des nervures (1).
- Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que dans la plaque massive (18) à stratification croisée, les lamelles (3, 4, 5) au sein de la même couche sont collées de face ensemble sur les surfaces de contact (9, 10, 11) à face plus petite et/ou que les nervures (1) sont collées aux lamelles internes (3) sur les surfaces de contact principales (6, 16) ainsi que sur les surfaces de contact latérales (8) avec les lamelles externes (2) voisines.
- Elément de constructions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins l'une des nervures (1, 1') est formée de plusieurs couches, dans lequel des couches individuelles de la nervure (1, 1') sont collées ensemble sur la surface de contact (12).
- Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures (1) sont constituées de bois monocouche, à partir de bois lamellé-collé et/ou de bois massif et sont pré-incurvées dans le sens tangentiel de l'axe longitudinal sur une distance, dont la limite supérieure Xmax est déterminée avec la formule
- Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 6, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures (1) s'étendent généralement le long du côté le plus long de la plaque massive (18).
- Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures (1) s'étendent dans le sens transversal le plus court de la plaque massive (18).
- Utilisation d'un élément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 dans les structures de mur externe d'une construction, caractérisée par le fait que la plaque massive (18) est tournée avec les nervures (1) vers l'extérieur.
- Utilisation d'un élément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 dans un élément de plancher d'une construction, caractérisée par le fait que la plaque massive (18) est tournée avec les nervures (1) orientées soit vers le haut, soit vers le bas.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que dans une première étape, on crée une couche de lamelles externes (4), ensuite, on crée la couche de lamelles internes (3), ensuite, on place la couche de lamelles externes (2) avec les nervures (1) sur la couche de lamelles internes (3) selon une séquence donnée, constituée de préférence d'une série alternée d'une ou plusieurs lamelle(s) (2) et d'une ou plusieurs nervure(s) (1) qui est répétée de manière cyclique jusqu'à obtention d'une dimension finale souhaitée de la plaque massive (18) à stratification croisée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures monocouche (1) sont incurvées de manière tangentielle le long de l'axe longitudinal sur une distance (X) avant l'installation dans la couche de lamelles externes (2).
- Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures à plusieurs couches (1, 1') sont pré-collées le long de la surface de contact (12) et incurvées sur une distance (X) avant l'installation dans la couche de lamelles externes (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SI201200339A SI23841B (sl) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Gradbeni element za lesene stenske in stropne konstrukcije ter metoda izdelave |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2733276A2 EP2733276A2 (fr) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2733276A3 EP2733276A3 (fr) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2733276B1 true EP2733276B1 (fr) | 2016-12-14 |
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EP13190754.5A Active EP2733276B1 (fr) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-10-29 | Élément de construction pour une structure de mur et d'un plafond en bois et un procédé de production |
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EP (1) | EP2733276B1 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI23841B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU2794701C1 (ru) * | 2022-10-07 | 2023-04-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) | Сборное сталедеревянное перекрытие |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FI20165544A (fi) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-12-31 | Markku Heinonen | Kotelorakenteinen elementti |
NO20170258A1 (no) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-24 | Magne Sivilarkitekt Mnal Bergseth | Bygningselement for dekker, tak og ytterveggar av massivtreplater (2 stk/doble) festa saman med steg av limtre kryssfiner- OSB- spon- eller trefiberplater |
IT201700053565A1 (it) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-17 | Rubner Holzbau S P A | Elemento portante multistrato per uso edilizio e ad un metodo per la sua realizzazione |
NO345479B1 (no) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-02-22 | Arne Vaslag | Sammensatt, samvirkende og langstrakt bygningselement, og fremgangsmåte for tilvirkning av et slikt bygningselement. |
NL1043624B1 (nl) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-23 | Abh Holding Bv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vloer uit houtstroken, en vloer opgebouwd uit houtstroken |
FR3118470B1 (fr) | 2020-12-24 | 2023-07-21 | Durand Leopold | Panneau en bois prefabrique pour la construction de bâtiments |
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WO2007068267A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Ludwig Junker Sägewerk und Holzhandel GmbH | Element de construction en bois pour construire des parois de batiments |
EP2060694A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | Reinverbund S.R.L. | Elément de paroi de bâtiment |
WO2012004633A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Vincent Marie Rodolphe Claire Lepot | Construction de bâtiments en blocs de bois |
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US4329827A (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1982-05-18 | Masonite Ab | Roofing elements |
WO2002031283A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Martinsons Trä Ab | Composant de structure plancher prefabriquee et procede de production |
GB2450359A (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Ian De Haan | Multi-Core Structural Insulated Panels |
AT508759B1 (de) | 2010-02-11 | 2011-04-15 | Palfi Michael | Bauelement für wand- und deckensysteme |
-
2012
- 2012-11-14 SI SI201200339A patent/SI23841B/sl active Search and Examination
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2013
- 2013-10-29 EP EP13190754.5A patent/EP2733276B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007068267A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Ludwig Junker Sägewerk und Holzhandel GmbH | Element de construction en bois pour construire des parois de batiments |
EP2060694A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | Reinverbund S.R.L. | Elément de paroi de bâtiment |
WO2012004633A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Vincent Marie Rodolphe Claire Lepot | Construction de bâtiments en blocs de bois |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2794701C1 (ru) * | 2022-10-07 | 2023-04-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) | Сборное сталедеревянное перекрытие |
RU2804053C1 (ru) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-09-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) | Сборное деревянное перекрытие с составной балкой |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2733276A2 (fr) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2733276A3 (fr) | 2014-12-24 |
SI23841A (sl) | 2013-02-28 |
SI23841B (sl) | 2022-04-29 |
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