EP2729943A1 - Method for producing superconducting coils and apparatus comprising a superconducting coil produced in accordance with the method - Google Patents

Method for producing superconducting coils and apparatus comprising a superconducting coil produced in accordance with the method

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Publication number
EP2729943A1
EP2729943A1 EP12747997.0A EP12747997A EP2729943A1 EP 2729943 A1 EP2729943 A1 EP 2729943A1 EP 12747997 A EP12747997 A EP 12747997A EP 2729943 A1 EP2729943 A1 EP 2729943A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
superconducting
carrier
coil
coils
coating method
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12747997.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dierk SCHRÖDER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2729943A1 publication Critical patent/EP2729943A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/048—Superconductive coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/041—Printed circuit coils
    • H01F41/047—Printed circuit coils structurally combined with superconductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/041—Printed circuit coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing superconductive coils, comprising the steps of providing a carrier and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil to the carrier.
  • the present invention includes a superconducting apparatus comprising a superconducting coil produced by the method.
  • HTS high temperature superconducting
  • a major obstacle is the poor availability of conductor material in ribbon or wire form with the required specifications.
  • Maximum manufacturable lengths of HTS tapes with good quality are in the range of 2000m.
  • the bands are usually made of a band-shaped base material such as steel strip, and a superconducting coating. These tapes are wound on a carrier coils which are part of the superconducting device.
  • the coils may be part of a rotor in an electric motor or generator.
  • the superconducting layer on the tape-shaped Grundma ⁇ TERIAL results in a not or severely restricted flexible belt.
  • the superconducting material is usually ceramic and may flake off the tape-shaped base material upon bending, or the superconducting layer may become brittle.
  • a support which may have, for example, a rod-shaped, hollow-cylindrical or square shape
  • the tapes may be subjected to strong tensile, bending and / or twisting forces. These lead to a deterioration of the superconducting properties the tapes to the complete destruction of the superconducting layer on the tapes.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for the production of superconducting coils and superconducting devices, in which a deterioration up to the destruction of the superconducting
  • Characteristics of superconductors in the production of superconducting coils is prevented.
  • the inventive method for producing a superconducting coil includes the steps of providing a Trä ⁇ gers and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil on the support.
  • the application of the superconducting material takes place by means of at least one coating method directly on the carrier. This eliminates the need to wrap coated tape wires.
  • conductors which form a coil can be formed directly on the carrier by the coating method, or the conductors can be formed in the form of a coil in further method steps such as, for example, lithography methods and / or etching. Deformation and destruction during the formation of the coil of the superconducting material, which is generally ceramic and thus brittle and brittle in deformation, are thereby prevented.
  • carrier is meant a solid material on which conductor strips are wound in the prior art to form a coil.
  • a carrier may have a bar-shaped, hollow cylindrical or quad- ratische shape and may be part of a rotor of a Mo ⁇ gate or generator.
  • the winding carrier may be, for example, the rotor itself or parts thereof, which in operation lead to egg ⁇ ner good magnetic field distribution.
  • the coating method may include a galvanic method, and / or a spraying method, and / or a sputtering method, and / or a vapor deposition method. This can be carried out in a liquid, in air, under a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum, depending on the method used.
  • galvanic processes in liquids spraying processes in air or in vacuum, sputtering processes and vapor deposition processes are carried out in vacuo or in ultra-high vacuum.
  • other coating methods with the aid of which a solid material is formed on the carrier.
  • the coating method is in contrast to a method such as winding a tape on a support.
  • a high-temperature superconductive conductor in ⁇ can direct at least a superconducting conductor can be formed, which forms at least one coil.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by spraying on superconducting material in the solid state and at cryogenic temperatures. material directly in ladder form. Additional steps such as masking and / or etching can be saved. Further steps may be used to electrically isolate different levels from one another when forming a coil having more than one winding plane.
  • insulators can be formed as a layer over a layer of conductors, in particular by deposition or winding, and electrical contact points between different conductor levels can be produced by etching, drilling, in particular laser drilling, and / or milling.
  • a ceramic material may be used, in particular SnTi and / or NbTi and / or MgB 2 and / or BiSrCaCuO and / or YBaCuO. It is also possible to use other superconducting materials, and / or mixtures which can be applied to a carrier by a coating process.
  • superconducting materials are understood as meaning materials which become superconducting in the finished state below a critical temperature T K.
  • high temperature superconductors may be superconducting at the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
  • An insulator may be applied, in particular by the same coating method with which the superconducting ceramic material is applied and / or has been applied.
  • the insulator may electrically insulate the superconducting conductors of the coil from the environment or prevent direct electrical contact of conductors of different coil planes of a coil, with the exception of the contact pads for connecting the planes.
  • an oxidic material in particular a metallic oxide, or plastic can be applied.
  • an insulating varnish can be applied as insulator or a foil can be wound over conductors, or material of the conductor can be oxidized on the surface, whereby an electrically insulating surface is formed.
  • Adhesive and / or insulating and / or cover layers may be comprised on the surface of the support, which in particular cause an epitaxial growth of the superconducting ceramic material with good adhesion directly on the support.
  • conductors with crystalline and / or electrical preferred directions can be formed, and / or a good mechanical adhesion of the conductors can be effected on the carrier.
  • the carrier may be provided in the form of a hollow cylinder and / or the carrier may be provided in a mold for creating a racetrack. So different ⁇ Liche coils can be formed on the support, for example Rennbahnför--shaped, depending on the desired application.
  • the carrier may be a rotor of a machine or may be attached to a rotor as a winding carrier.
  • the carrier can comprise a material which is formed from synthetic material, from metal, in particular copper or steel, or from metal oxide.
  • a superconducting device comprises a superconducting coil produced by a previously described method, in particular a high-temperature superconducting coil.
  • devices can have good properties, such as high efficiency.
  • the conductors of the coils have better superconducting properties, because damage to the superconducting layers during production, for example by mechanical stresses and / or bending, is avoided.
  • Coils with very long conductors can be produced, compared to classical methods in which the superconducting material is applied to a conductor strip. The application on a large Spu ⁇ body is easier to carry out than the application to thin conductor strips.
  • the device according to the invention may be an electric motor and / or a current limiter and / or a magnetic resonance tomograph and / or a fusion reactor.
  • superconducting coils having good superconducting properties are needed.
  • the method described above can lead to improved properties, eg higher efficiency, better switching characteristics, better signal-to-noise ratio, higher power, better efficiency of the device, depending on the application described above.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a superconductive coil 1 produced by the erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN method.
  • a superconducting coil 1 is shown, which is formed of a conductor 3 on a support 2. At the beginning and end of the conductor 3 are each electrical Kunststoffstel ⁇ len 4 for electrically contacting the coil 1 is formed.
  • a coil 1 can also be formed by making several levels one above the other, each with an electrical insulator between the planes.
  • the conductors 3 of two adjacent levels can each be electrically connected to each other.
  • the con- 4 clock points can be freed, for example by etching or drilling of an insulator.
  • Carriers are used in a flat rather than elongated, hollow cylindrical shape, which carry coils in racetrack shape.
  • the essence of the present invention is that by applying the superconducting layer of a superconducting coil directly on a support, ie a Wicklungsträ ⁇ ger, damage or destruction of the layer by process steps such as bending or pulling is avoided.
  • the term "directly on the support” is to be understood as meaning that a chemical or physical bonding of the layer to the support exists.
  • a sup ⁇ ra decisionsde layer is chemically or physically bonded to a conductor strip in the prior art and this conductor tape is wound on a support.
  • the conductor strip lies loosely on the carrier and can only be bound in further steps by, for example, pouring a resin onto the carrier.
  • the superconducting layer can be damaged, resulting in a Deterioration of the superconducting properties leads. This is prevented in the present invention.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing superconducting coils (1) having the steps of providing a substrate (2) and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil onto the substrate. The application of the superconducting material is performed by at least one coating method directly on the substrate. Winding coated flat wires can be dispensed with. Furthermore, the present invention comprises a superconducting apparatus comprising a superconducting coil (1) produced in accordance with the method.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen und Vorrichtung mit einer supraleitenden Spule hergestellt nach dem Verfahren Method for producing superconducting coils and apparatus having a superconducting coil produced by the method
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen mit den Schritten Bereitstellen eines Trägers und Aufbringen eines supraleitenden Materials in Form wenigstens einer Spule auf den Träger. Wei¬ terhin umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung eine supraleitende Vorrichtung, mit einer supraleitenden Spule hergestellt nach dem Verfahren. Bei der Fertigung von supraleitenden, insbesondere von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitenden (HTS) Vorrichtungen wie z.B. HTS- Maschinen, ist ein Haupthindernis die schlechte Verfügbarkeit von Leitermaterial in Band- bzw. Drahtform mit den benötigten Spezifikationen. Maximal herstellbare Längen von HTS-Bändern mit guter Qualität liegen im Bereich von 2000m. Die Bänder bestehen in der Regel aus einem bandförmigen Grundmaterial wie z.B. Stahlband, und einer supraleitenden Beschichtung. Diese Bänder ergeben gewickelt auf einem Träger Spulen, welche Teil der supraleitenden Vorrichtung sind. So können die Spulen z.B. Teil eines Rotors in einem Elektromotor oder Generator sein. The present invention relates to a method for producing superconductive coils, comprising the steps of providing a carrier and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil to the carrier. Wei ¬ terhin the present invention includes a superconducting apparatus comprising a superconducting coil produced by the method. In the fabrication of superconducting, especially high temperature superconducting (HTS) devices such as HTS machines, a major obstacle is the poor availability of conductor material in ribbon or wire form with the required specifications. Maximum manufacturable lengths of HTS tapes with good quality are in the range of 2000m. The bands are usually made of a band-shaped base material such as steel strip, and a superconducting coating. These tapes are wound on a carrier coils which are part of the superconducting device. For example, the coils may be part of a rotor in an electric motor or generator.
Die supraleitende Beschichtung auf dem bandförmigen Grundma¬ terial ergibt ein nicht bzw. stark eingeschränkt biegsames Band. Das supraleitende Material ist in der Regel keramisch und kann von dem bandförmigen Grundmaterial beim Biegen abplatzen oder die supraleitende Schicht kann brüchig werden. Beim Wickeln der Bänder zu Spulen auf einem Träger, welcher z.B. eine stabförmige, hohlzylindrische oder quadratische Form aufweisen kann, können die Bänder starken Zug-, Biege- und/oder verdrillenden Kräften ausgesetzt sein. Diese führen zu einer Verschlechterung der supraleitenden Eigenschaften der Bänder bis hin zur völligen Zerstörung der supraleitenden Schicht auf den Bändern. The superconducting layer on the tape-shaped Grundma ¬ TERIAL results in a not or severely restricted flexible belt. The superconducting material is usually ceramic and may flake off the tape-shaped base material upon bending, or the superconducting layer may become brittle. When winding the tapes into coils on a support, which may have, for example, a rod-shaped, hollow-cylindrical or square shape, the tapes may be subjected to strong tensile, bending and / or twisting forces. These lead to a deterioration of the superconducting properties the tapes to the complete destruction of the superconducting layer on the tapes.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, ein Ver- fahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen und supraleitenden Vorrichtungen anzugeben, bei welchen eine Verschlechterung bis hin zur Zerstörung der supraleitenden The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for the production of superconducting coils and superconducting devices, in which a deterioration up to the destruction of the superconducting
Eigenschaften von Supraleitern bei der Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen verhindert wird. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Biegen einer Schicht aus supraleitendem Material durch Wickeln von supraleitenden Bändern bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen zu verhindern und Vorrichtungen anzugeben, welche Supraleiter mit guten supraleitenden Eigenschaften aufweisen. Characteristics of superconductors in the production of superconducting coils is prevented. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to prevent bending of a layer of superconducting material by winding superconducting tapes in the method for producing superconducting coils and to provide devices having superconductors with good superconducting properties.
Die angegebene Aufgabe wird bezüglich dem Verfahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und bezüglich der Vorrichtungen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. The stated object is achieved with respect to the method for producing superconducting coils having the features of claim 1 and with respect to the apparatuses having the features of claim 10.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen und der erfindungsgemäßen supraleitenden Vorrichtung gehen aus den jeweils zugeordneten abhängigen Unteransprüchen hervor. Dabei können die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs mit Merkmalen der Unteran¬ sprüche und Merkmale der Unteransprüche untereinander kombi¬ niert werden. Advantageous embodiments of the inventive method for producing superconducting coils and the superconducting device according to the invention will become apparent from the respective associated dependent claims. The features of the main claim with features of Unteran ¬ claims and features of the dependent claims may be combinatorial ¬ ned with each other.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von supralei- tenden Spulen umfasst die Schritte Bereitstellen eines Trä¬ gers und Aufbringen eines supraleitenden Materials in Form wenigstens einer Spule auf den Träger. Das Aufbringen des supraleitenden Materials erfolgt durch wenigstens ein Be- schichtungsverfahren direkt auf dem Träger. Dadurch kann ein Wickeln von beschichteten Banddrähten entfallen. The inventive method for producing a superconducting coil includes the steps of providing a Trä ¬ gers and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil on the support. The application of the superconducting material takes place by means of at least one coating method directly on the carrier. This eliminates the need to wrap coated tape wires.
Durch das direkte Aufbringen, mit oder ohne Zwischenschichten wie z.B. Haftschichten oder Schichten für ein epitaktisches Wachstum, kann ein Biegen von Schichten aus supraleitendem Material beim Wickeln von supraleitenden Bändern verhindert werden. Beim direkten Aufbringen können Leiter, welche eine Spule ausbilden direkt auf dem Träger durch das Beschich- tungsverfahren ausgebildet werden, oder es können bei weiteren Verfahrensschritten wie z.B. Lithographieverfahren und/oder Ätzen die Leiter in Form einer Spule ausgebildet werden. Eine Verformung und eine Zerstörung beim Ausbilden der Spule des supraleitenden Materials, welches in der Regel keramisch und damit spröde sowie brüchig bei Verformungen ist, werden dadurch verhindert. Unter Träger wird ein festes Material verstanden, auf welches Leiterbänder im Stand der Technik aufgewickelt werden, um eine Spule auszubilden. Z.B. kann ein Träger eine stabförmige, hohlzylindrische oder quad- ratische Form aufweisen und kann Teil eines Rotors eines Mo¬ tors oder Generators sein. Der Wicklungsträger kann z.B. der Rotor selbst oder Teile davon sein, welche im Betrieb zu ei¬ ner guten Magnetfeldverteilung führen. Von dem Beschichtungsverfahren kann ein galvanisches Verfahren, und/oder ein Spritzverfahren, und/oder ein Sputterver- fahren, und/oder ein Aufdampfverfahren umfasst werden. Dieses kann in einer Flüssigkeit, an Luft, unter Schutzgasatmosphäre oder im Vakuum abhängig vom verwendeten Verfahren durchge- führt werden. So werden z.B. galvanische Verfahren in Flüssigkeiten, Spritzverfahren an Luft oder im Vakuum, Sputter- verfahren und Aufdampfverfahren im Vakuum oder im Ultra- Hochvakuum durchgeführt. Es können auch andere Beschichtungs- verfahren verwendet werden, mit deren Hilfe ein festes Mate- rial auf dem Träger ausgebildet wird. Das Beschichtungsver- fahren steht im Gegensatz zu einem Verfahren wie z.B. Wickeln eines Bandes auf einem Träger. By direct application, with or without intermediate layers such as adhesive layers or layers for an epitaxial Growth, bending of layers of superconducting material when winding superconducting tapes can be prevented. In the case of direct application, conductors which form a coil can be formed directly on the carrier by the coating method, or the conductors can be formed in the form of a coil in further method steps such as, for example, lithography methods and / or etching. Deformation and destruction during the formation of the coil of the superconducting material, which is generally ceramic and thus brittle and brittle in deformation, are thereby prevented. By carrier is meant a solid material on which conductor strips are wound in the prior art to form a coil. For example, a carrier may have a bar-shaped, hollow cylindrical or quad- ratische shape and may be part of a rotor of a Mo ¬ gate or generator. The winding carrier may be, for example, the rotor itself or parts thereof, which in operation lead to egg ¬ ner good magnetic field distribution. The coating method may include a galvanic method, and / or a spraying method, and / or a sputtering method, and / or a vapor deposition method. This can be carried out in a liquid, in air, under a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum, depending on the method used. Thus, for example, galvanic processes in liquids, spraying processes in air or in vacuum, sputtering processes and vapor deposition processes are carried out in vacuo or in ultra-high vacuum. It is also possible to use other coating methods with the aid of which a solid material is formed on the carrier. The coating method is in contrast to a method such as winding a tape on a support.
Durch das Beschichtungsverfahren kann direkt wenigstens ein supraleitender Leiter, insbesondere ein Hochtemperatur-supra¬ leitender Leiter ausgebildet werden, welcher wenigstens eine Spule ausbildet. Dies kann durch z.B. Aufspritzen von im festen Zustand und bei kryogenen Temperaturen supraleitendem Ma- terial direkt in Leiterform erfolgen. Zusätzliche Schritte wie z.B. Maskieren und/oder Ätzen können so eingespart werden. Weitere Schritte können verwendet werden, um beim Bilden einer Spule mit mehr als einer Wicklungsebene übereinander unterschiedliche Ebenen voneinander elektrisch zu isolieren. So können z.B. Isolatoren als Schicht über einer Schicht Leiter ausgebildet werden, insbesondere durch Abscheidung oder Aufwickeln, und elektrische Kontaktstellen zwischen verschiedenen Leiterebenen durch Ätzen, Bohren, insbesondere Laser- bohren, und/oder Fräsen hergestellt werden. By the coating method, in particular a high-temperature superconductive conductor in ¬ can direct at least a superconducting conductor can be formed, which forms at least one coil. This can be achieved, for example, by spraying on superconducting material in the solid state and at cryogenic temperatures. material directly in ladder form. Additional steps such as masking and / or etching can be saved. Further steps may be used to electrically isolate different levels from one another when forming a coil having more than one winding plane. Thus, for example, insulators can be formed as a layer over a layer of conductors, in particular by deposition or winding, and electrical contact points between different conductor levels can be produced by etching, drilling, in particular laser drilling, and / or milling.
Als supraleitendes Material kann ein keramisches Material verwendet werden, insbesondere SnTi und/oder NbTi und/oder MgB2 und/oder BiSrCaCuO und/oder YBaCuO. Es können auch ande- re supraleitende Materialien verwendet werden, und/oder Mischungen, welche sich durch ein Beschichtungsverfahren auf einem Träger aufbringen lassen. Unter supraleitenden Materialien werden in diesem Zusammenhang Materialien verstanden, welche im endverarbeiteten Zustand unterhalb einer kritischen Temperatur TK supraleitend werden bzw. sind. Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter können z.B. bei der Temperatur von flüssigem Stickstoff supraleitend vorliegen. As the superconducting material, a ceramic material may be used, in particular SnTi and / or NbTi and / or MgB 2 and / or BiSrCaCuO and / or YBaCuO. It is also possible to use other superconducting materials, and / or mixtures which can be applied to a carrier by a coating process. In this context, superconducting materials are understood as meaning materials which become superconducting in the finished state below a critical temperature T K. For example, high temperature superconductors may be superconducting at the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
Ein Isolator kann aufgebracht werden, insbesondere mit dem gleichen Beschichtungsverfahren, mit welchem das supraleitende keramische Material aufgebracht wird und/oder wurde. Der Isolator kann die supraleitenden Leiter der Spule gegenüber der Umgebung elektrisch isolieren oder einen direkten elektrischen Kontakt von Leitern unterschiedlicher Spulenebenen einer Spule mit Ausnahme der Kontaktstellen zum Verbinden der Ebenen verhindern. An insulator may be applied, in particular by the same coating method with which the superconducting ceramic material is applied and / or has been applied. The insulator may electrically insulate the superconducting conductors of the coil from the environment or prevent direct electrical contact of conductors of different coil planes of a coil, with the exception of the contact pads for connecting the planes.
Als Isolator kann ein oxidisches Material, insbesondere ein metallisches Oxid, oder Kunststoff aufgebracht werden. So kann als Isolator z.B. ein Isolierlack aufgebracht werden oder eine Folie über Leiter gewickelt werden, oder Material des Leiters kann an der Oberfläche oxidiert werden, wodurch eine elektrisch isolierende Oberfläche entsteht. Vom Träger können an seiner Oberfläche Haft- und/oder Isolier- und/oder Deckschichten umfasst werden, welche insbesondere ein epitaktisches Aufwachsen des supraleitenden kerami- sehen Materials mit guter Haftung direkt auf dem Träger bewirken. So können Leiter mit kristallinen und/oder elektrischen Vorzugsrichtungen ausgebildet werden, und/oder eine gute mechanische Haftung der Leiter auf dem Träger bewirkt werden . As an insulator, an oxidic material, in particular a metallic oxide, or plastic can be applied. Thus, for example, an insulating varnish can be applied as insulator or a foil can be wound over conductors, or material of the conductor can be oxidized on the surface, whereby an electrically insulating surface is formed. Adhesive and / or insulating and / or cover layers may be comprised on the surface of the support, which in particular cause an epitaxial growth of the superconducting ceramic material with good adhesion directly on the support. Thus, conductors with crystalline and / or electrical preferred directions can be formed, and / or a good mechanical adhesion of the conductors can be effected on the carrier.
Der Träger kann in Form eines Hohlzylinders bereitgestellt werden und/oder der Träger kann in einer Form zum Erzeugen einer Rennbahn bereitgestellt werden. So können unterschied¬ liche Spulen auf dem Träger erzeugt werden, z.B. Rennbahnför- mige, abhängig von der gewünschten Anwendung. Der Träger kann ein Rotor einer Maschine sein oder als Wicklungsträger an einem Rotor befestigt sein bzw. werden. The carrier may be provided in the form of a hollow cylinder and / or the carrier may be provided in a mold for creating a racetrack. So different ¬ Liche coils can be formed on the support, for example Rennbahnför--shaped, depending on the desired application. The carrier may be a rotor of a machine or may be attached to a rotor as a winding carrier.
Der Träger kann ein Material umfassen, welches aus Kunst- Stoff, aus Metall, insbesondere Kupfer oder Stahl, oder aus Metalloxid gebildet wird. The carrier can comprise a material which is formed from synthetic material, from metal, in particular copper or steel, or from metal oxide.
Eine erfindungsgemäße supraleitende Vorrichtung umfasst eine supraleitende Spule, hergestellt mit einem zuvor beschriebe- nen Verfahren, insbesondere eine Hochtemperatur-supraleitende Spule. Durch Verwendung der nach dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten Spulen können Vorrichtungen gute Eigenschaften aufweisen, wie z.B. einen hohen Wirkungsgrad. Die Leiter der Spulen weisen bessere supraleitende Eigenschaften auf, weil eine Schädigung der supraleitenden Schichten bei der Herstellung z.B. durch mechanische Spannungen und/oder Biegen vermieden werden. Es können Spulen mit sehr langen Leitern erzeugt werden, im Vergleich mit klassischen Verfahren, bei welchen das supraleitende Material auf einem Leiter- band aufgebracht wird. Das Aufbringen auf einem großen Spu¬ lenkörper ist einfacher auszuführen als das Aufbringen auf dünnen Leiterbändern. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann ein Elektromotor und/oder ein Strombegrenzer und/oder ein Magnet-Resonanz- Tomograph und/oder ein Fusionsreaktor sein. In diesen Anwendungen werden supraleitende Spulen mit guten supraleitenden Eigenschaften benötigt bzw. verwendet. Das zuvor beschriebene Verfahren kann zu verbesserten Eigenschaften, z.B. höheren Wirkungsgrad, besseren Schalteigenschaften, besserem Signal/Rauschverhältnis, höherer Leistung, besserem Wirkungsgrad der Vorrichtung, abhängig der zuvor beschriebenen Anwendung führen. A superconducting device according to the invention comprises a superconducting coil produced by a previously described method, in particular a high-temperature superconducting coil. By using the coils produced by the method described above, devices can have good properties, such as high efficiency. The conductors of the coils have better superconducting properties, because damage to the superconducting layers during production, for example by mechanical stresses and / or bending, is avoided. Coils with very long conductors can be produced, compared to classical methods in which the superconducting material is applied to a conductor strip. The application on a large Spu ¬ body is easier to carry out than the application to thin conductor strips. The device according to the invention may be an electric motor and / or a current limiter and / or a magnetic resonance tomograph and / or a fusion reactor. In these applications, superconducting coils having good superconducting properties are needed. The method described above can lead to improved properties, eg higher efficiency, better switching characteristics, better signal-to-noise ratio, higher power, better efficiency of the device, depending on the application described above.
Die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit supraleitender Spule verbundenen Vorteile sind analog den Vorteilen, welche zuvor im Bezug auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Her- Stellung von supraleitenden Spulen beschrieben wurden. The advantages associated with the device according to the invention with superconducting coil are analogous to the advantages which have been described above with respect to the inventive method for the production of superconducting coils.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung mit vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen gemäß den Merkmalen der abhängigen Ansprüche werden nachfolgend anhand der einzigen Figur näher erläutert, ohne jedoch darauf beschränkt zu sein. Preferred embodiments of the invention with advantageous developments according to the features of the dependent claims are explained in more detail with reference to the single figure, but without being limited thereto.
Es wird in der Figur dargestellt: It is shown in the figure:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer supra- leitenden Spule 1 hergestellt mit dem erfindungsge¬ mäßen Verfahren. Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a superconductive coil 1 produced by the erfindungsge ¬ MAESSEN method.
In der Fig. 1 ist eine supraleitende Spule 1 gezeigt, welche aus einem Leiter 3 auf einem Träger 2 gebildet ist. Am Anfang und Ende des Leiters 3 sind jeweils elektrische Kontaktstel¬ len 4 zum elektrischen Kontaktieren der Spule 1 ausgebildet. In Fig. 1, a superconducting coil 1 is shown, which is formed of a conductor 3 on a support 2. At the beginning and end of the conductor 3 are each electrical Kontaktstel ¬ len 4 for electrically contacting the coil 1 is formed.
In Fig. 1 ist der Einfachheit halber nur eine Ebene einer Spule dargestellt. Eine Spule 1 kann auch ausgebildet werden, indem mehrere Ebenen übereinander hergestellt werden, jeweils mit einem elektrischen Isolator zwischen den Ebenen. An einer Kontaktstelle 4 können die Leiter 3 zweier benachbarter Ebenen jeweils miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden. Die Kon- taktstellen 4 können z.B. durch Ätzen oder Bohren von einem Isolator befreit werden. In Fig. 1, for simplicity, only one plane of a coil is shown. A coil 1 can also be formed by making several levels one above the other, each with an electrical insulator between the planes. At a contact point 4, the conductors 3 of two adjacent levels can each be electrically connected to each other. The con- 4 clock points can be freed, for example by etching or drilling of an insulator.
Mit dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren sind nicht nur einzel- ne, sondern auch Spulensysteme herstellbar. Auch können in verschiedenen Vorrichtungen unterschiedliche Formen von Trägern 2 verwendet werden. So können in Rotoren von supraleitenden Maschinen z.B. Träger in einer flachen statt langgestreckten, hohlzylindrischen Form verwendet werden, welche Spulen in Rennbahnform tragen. With the method described above, not only individual but also coil systems can be produced. Also, different forms of carriers 2 can be used in different devices. Thus, in rotors of superconducting machines, e.g. Carriers are used in a flat rather than elongated, hollow cylindrical shape, which carry coils in racetrack shape.
Für z.B. Strombegrenzer sind auch Spulenformen möglich, welche in verschiedenen Ebenen mit entgegen gesetzten „Wicklungsrichtungen" ausgebildet sind. Dies kann unter anderem elektrische Verluste verringern und zu verbesserten Eigenschaften der supraleitenden Einrichtungen führen. For e.g. Current limiters are also possible coil forms, which are formed in different levels with opposite "winding directions." This can inter alia reduce electrical losses and lead to improved properties of the superconducting devices.
Eine Kombination der zuvor beschriebenen Vorrichtungen und Verfahren sowie eine Kombination mit Vorrichtungen und Ver- fahren, bekannt aus dem Stand der Technik, ist ebenfalls mög¬ lich. A combination of the devices and methods described above as well as a combination with devices and methods known from the prior art is mög ¬ Lich, also.
Das Wesentliche der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass durch das Aufbringen der supraleitenden Schicht einer supraleiten- den Spule direkt auf einem Träger, d.h. einem Wicklungsträ¬ ger, eine Schädigung bzw. Zerstörung der Schicht durch Verfahrensschritte wie Biegen oder Ziehen vermieden wird. Unter direkt auf dem Träger ist dabei zu verstehen, dass eine che¬ mische oder physikalische Bindung der Schicht an den Träger besteht. Im Gegensatz dazu ist im Stand der Technik eine sup¬ raleitende Schicht chemisch oder physikalisch an ein Leiterband gebunden und dieses Leiterband wird auf einem Träger aufgewickelt. Dabei liegt das Leiterband lose auf dem Träger und kann erst in weiteren Schritten durch z.B. Gießen eines Harzes an den Träger gebunden werden. Beim Wickeln des Bandes mit der supraleitenden, z.B. keramischen Beschichtung kann die supraleitende Schicht geschädigt werden, was zu einer Verschlechterung der supraleitenden Eigenschaften führt. Dies wird bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verhindert. The essence of the present invention is that by applying the superconducting layer of a superconducting coil directly on a support, ie a Wicklungsträ ¬ ger, damage or destruction of the layer by process steps such as bending or pulling is avoided. The term "directly on the support" is to be understood as meaning that a chemical or physical bonding of the layer to the support exists. In contrast, a sup ¬ raleitende layer is chemically or physically bonded to a conductor strip in the prior art and this conductor tape is wound on a support. In this case, the conductor strip lies loosely on the carrier and can only be bound in further steps by, for example, pouring a resin onto the carrier. When winding the tape with the superconductive, such as ceramic coating, the superconducting layer can be damaged, resulting in a Deterioration of the superconducting properties leads. This is prevented in the present invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von supraleitenden Spulen (1) mit den Schritten Bereitstellen eines Trägers (2) und Auf- bringen eines supraleitenden Materials in Form wenigstens einer Spule auf den Träger, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufbringen des supraleitenden Materials durch wenigstens ein Beschichtungsverfahren direkt auf dem Träger (2) erfolgt. 1. A method for producing superconducting coils (1) comprising the steps of providing a carrier (2) and applying a superconducting material in the form of at least one coil to the carrier, characterized in that the application of the superconducting material by at least one coating method directly takes place on the support (2).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von dem Beschichtungsverfahren ein galvanisches Verfahren und/oder ein Spritzverfahren und/oder ein Sputterverfahren und/oder ein Aufdampfverfahren umfasst wird, insbesondere durchgeführt in einer Flüssigkeit, an Luft, unter Schutzgas- atmosphäre oder im Vakuum abhängig vom verwendeten Verfahren. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating method comprises a galvanic method and / or a spraying method and / or a sputtering method and / or a vapor deposition method, in particular carried out in a liquid, in air, under a protective gas atmosphere or in Vacuum depending on the method used.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch das Beschichtungsverfahren direkt wenigstens ein supraleitender Leiter (3) , insbesondere ein Hochtemperatur-supraleitender Leiter (3) ausgebildet wird, welcher die wenigstens eine Spule (1) mit ausbildet. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by the coating method directly at least one superconducting conductor (3), in particular a high-temperature superconducting conductor (3) is formed, which forms the at least one coil (1) with.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als supraleitendes Material ein kerami- sches Material verwendet wird, insbesondere SnTi und/oder NbTi und/oder MgB2 und/oder BiSrCaCuO und/oder YBaCuO. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ceramic material is used as the superconducting material, in particular SnTi and / or NbTi and / or MgB 2 and / or BiSrCaCuO and / or YBaCuO.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Isolator aufgebracht wird, insbeson- dere mit dem gleichen Beschichtungsverfahren, mit welchem das supraleitende keramische Material aufgebracht wird und/oder wurde . 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an insulator is applied, in particular with the same coating method, with which the superconducting ceramic material is applied and / or was.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Isolator ein oxidisches Material, insbesondere ein metal¬ lisches Oxid, oder Kunststoff aufgebracht wird. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that an oxidic material as an insulator, in particular a metal ¬ metallic oxide, or plastic is applied.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vom Träger (2) an seiner Oberfläche Haft- und/oder Isolier- und/oder Deckschichten umfasst werden, welche insbesondere ein epitaktisches Aufwachsen des supraleitenden keramischen Materials mit guter Haftung direkt auf dem Träger bewirken. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (2) on its surface adhesive and / or insulating and / or cover layers are included, which in particular an epitaxial growth of the superconducting ceramic material with good adhesion directly on the Cause carrier.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger (2) in Form eines Hohlzylinders bereitgestellt wird und/oder das der Träger (2) einer Form zum Erzeugen einer Rennbahn bereitgestellt wird. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (2) is provided in the form of a hollow cylinder and / or the support (2) is provided a mold for creating a racetrack.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger (2) ein Material umfasst, welches aus Kunststoff, aus Metall, insbesondere Kupfer oder Stahl, oder aus Metalloxid gebildet wird. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (2) comprises a material which is formed from plastic, metal, in particular copper or steel, or metal oxide.
10. Supraleitende Vorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine supraleitende Spule (1) hergestellt mit einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche von der supraleitenden Vorrichtung umfasst ist, insbesondere eine Hochtempera¬ tur-supraleitende Spule (1). 10. A superconducting device, characterized in that a superconducting coil (1) produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims of the superconducting device is included, in particular a high tempera ture superconducting coil (1).
11. Supraleitende Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung ein Elektromotor und/oder ein Strombegrenzer und/oder ein Magnet-Resonanz-Tomograph und/oder ein Fusionsreaktor ist. 11. Superconducting device according to claim 10, character- ized in that the device is an electric motor and / or a current limiter and / or a magnetic resonance tomograph and / or a fusion reactor.
EP12747997.0A 2011-08-24 2012-08-06 Method for producing superconducting coils and apparatus comprising a superconducting coil produced in accordance with the method Withdrawn EP2729943A1 (en)

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