EP2729702B1 - Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré - Google Patents

Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2729702B1
EP2729702B1 EP12732939.9A EP12732939A EP2729702B1 EP 2729702 B1 EP2729702 B1 EP 2729702B1 EP 12732939 A EP12732939 A EP 12732939A EP 2729702 B1 EP2729702 B1 EP 2729702B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigeration unit
generator
transport refrigeration
integrated
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP12732939.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2729702A2 (fr
Inventor
Robert A. Chopko
Richard T. Pandzik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP2729702A2 publication Critical patent/EP2729702A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2729702B1 publication Critical patent/EP2729702B1/fr
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/002—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for driven by internal combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor

Definitions

  • transport refrigeration units typically make use of a transport refrigeration unit, which may be attached to a mobile container.
  • transport refrigeration units include a power source, such as a diesel engine. They also include a refrigerant loop that includes a compressor for circulating refrigerant through an evaporator and a condenser and one or more blowers for circulating air into and within the container and for facilitating exchange of heat with the refrigerant loop.
  • a generator is often included to produce electricity to power the fans, and in some cases, a battery is also included for storing energy to enable the fans to operate when the diesel engine is not operating.
  • An integrated transport refrigeration unit comprises an engine providing power to drive a shaft.
  • the shaft drives a refrigerant compressor and a generator, both of which are encased within a housing, and the generator is immersed in refrigerant.
  • an integrated transport refrigeration unit also includes an auxiliary generator driven by the shaft and disposed externally from the housing. In this embodiment, the auxiliary generator produces current for charging a battery and for operating a fan.
  • EP 1 834 818 A2 shows a transport refrigeration unit of the type configured to be mounted on the front wall of a transport trailer, comprising a compressor, a condenser heat exchanger, an evaporator heat exchanger, at least one fan assembly having at least one electric fan motor configured to provide air flow over one of the heat exchangers, and an integrally mounted unitary engine driven generator assembly configured to selectively produce at least one A.C. voltage at one or more frequencies.
  • the generator assembly is capable of producing sufficient power to operate the compressor drive motor and the at least one fan motor.
  • the generator assembly is a synchronous generator and the compressor drive motor and the at least one fan motor are configured to be directly coupled to the generator and to operate at a voltage and frequency produced by the synchronous generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of an integrated transport refrigeration unit 100 with an immersed generator 110 disposed between an engine 120 and a compressor 130.
  • engine 120 is an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel or gasoline engine, and drives an output shaft (not shown), to which immersed generator 110 and compressor 130 are directly coupled.
  • the drive shaft may be open to the atmosphere or it may be magnetically driven.
  • Housing 140 encases both compressor 130 and immersed generator 110 and seals a volume of refrigerant within housing 140.
  • Refrigerant inlet 150 carries refrigerant to housing 140 for uptake and re-compression by compressor 130, and refrigerant outlet 160 delivers re-compressed refrigerant to a high pressure coolant line for expansion in an evaporator (not shown).
  • both compressor 130 and generator 110 are immersed in low-pressure refrigerant that has been returned to housing 140 via refrigerant inlet 150. Being immersed, compressor 130 and generator 110 are cooled by the refrigerant. It should be noted that housing 140 is sealed so as to retain refrigerant, and generator 110 is constructed using magnet wire or another wire suitable for immersion in refrigerant.
  • a single shaft is driven by engine 120, and permanent magnets are fixed to the shaft. Windings are disposed within housing 140 and around the permanent magnets. As the shaft is rotated by the engine, current is generated in the windings.
  • an induction generator is disposed on the drive shaft wherein an alternating current is induced as a consequence of the rotation of the shaft.
  • compressor 130 is also driven by the shaft, and comprises a series of pistons cycled by the rotation of the shaft.
  • the transport refrigeration unit may be made more compact as space is no longer required to position a generator on an auxiliary shaft.
  • the generator can be made smaller due to decreased need to entrain air to cool the generator.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective drawing of an integrated transport refrigeration unit 200 with a compressor 230 disposed between the engine 220 and the immersed generator 210. Accordingly, generator 210 is outboard of compressor 230. As with the transport refrigeration unit of FIG. 1 , generator 210 and compressor 230 are directly coupled to the output of engine 220. Housing 240 surrounds compressor 230 and immersed generator 210 and seals a volume of refrigerant within housing 240. Refrigerant is reserved within housing 240 for uptake and re-compression by compressor 230, and both compressor 230 and generator 210 are immersed in low-pressure refrigerant that has been returned to housing 240. Thus, compressor 230 and generator 210 are cooled by the refrigerant.
  • housing 240 is sealed to retain refrigerant, and generator 210 is constructed for immersion in refrigerant.
  • the incorporation of the generator within the housing enables the transport refrigeration unit to be made more compact as space is no longer required to position a generator on an auxiliary shaft.
  • the generator can be made relatively smaller due to decreased need to entrain air to cool the generator.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an integrated transport refrigeration unit 300 according to the present invention.
  • engine 320 drives integrated compressor/generator unit 310 with a single shaft 330.
  • Integrated compressor/generator unit 310 is sealed within a single housing (not shown in FIG. 3 ) that also serves as a low pressure reservoir for refrigerant that is returned to the compressor after the refrigerant has flowed through a typical refrigeration cycle such as having passed through a condenser and an evaporator for extracting heat from a cooled space.
  • shaft 330 also drives an auxiliary generator 340 using belt 350 or other means for extracting power from shaft 330.
  • auxiliary generator 340 is disposed externally from the single housing that serves as a low pressure reservoir for refrigerant returned to the compressor.
  • auxiliary generator 340 is an alternator coupled with a rectifier (i.e., a DC alternator) so as to produce DC current for charging unit battery 360 and current may also be made directly available to control box 370.
  • Control box 370 may draw electrical current directly from battery 360 when engine 320 is not operating or may draw power from auxiliary generator 340 when engine 320 is operating.
  • Control box 370 includes an inverter (not shown) for converting DC current to alternating current at a voltage suitable for operating at least one fan 380, which provides ventilation, circulation, heat transfer for a transportable container.
  • control box 370 may receive indications from the transportable container to determine whether and how to operate fan 380 and/or compressor 310. When it is desirable to operate fan 380, control box 370 may draw power from battery 360 so long as it retains adequate charge. When a state of charge in battery 360 is insufficient to operate fan 380, control box 370 may command engine 320 to operate so as to provide power via compressor/generator 310 and to re-charge unit battery 360. Similarly, when it is desirable to provided cooling to the transportable container, control box 370 may command engine 320 to operate so as to provide cooling by pumping refrigerant through its refrigeration cycle components. While engine 320 is operating, compressor/generator 310 produces power to operate fan 380, and alternator 340 produces power to charge battery 360.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary integrated transport refrigeration unit 400 with a combination of direct-current and alternating-current fans.
  • engine 420 drives integrated compressor/generator unit 410 with a single shaft 430.
  • Integrated compressor/generator unit 410 is sealed within a single housing (not shown) that also serves as a low pressure reservoir for refrigerant that is returned to the compressor after the refrigerant has flowed through a typical refrigeration cycle such as having passed through a condenser and an evaporator for extracting heat from a cooled space.
  • shaft 430 also drives auxiliary generator 440 using belt 450 or other means for extracting power from shaft 430.
  • Auxiliary generator 440 may include an alternator coupled to a rectifier for producing DC current (i.e., a DC alternator) for charging unit battery 460 and current may also be made directly available to control box 470.
  • Control box 470 may draw electrical current directly from battery 460 when engine 420 is not operating or may draw power from auxiliary generator 440 when engine 420 is operating.
  • Control box 470 includes an inverter (not shown) for converting DC current to alternating current at a voltage suitable for operating condenser fans 480, which provide heat transfer for a transportable container.
  • Control box 470 also provides power to converter 490 for providing DC current at a voltage suitable for operating evaporator fans 495, which provide heat transfer for a transportable container.
  • this embodiment enables power to be delivered in various forms to drive different components. This can be useful in mobile refrigeration applications such as where it may be advantageous to employ direct current power to drive evaporator components, while it may be preferable to employ alternating current power to drive condenser components. Alternating current produced by the compressor/generator can be used to drive the condenser fan, while the auxiliary generator may be configured to provide DC power to drive the evaporator fan. Accordingly, this embodiment may be configured so as to eliminate any need for a separate rectifier device, thereby saving unit volume, weight, and cost.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary integrated transport refrigeration unit 500 with a combination of direct-current and alternating-current fans and an integrated high voltage battery pack.
  • engine 520 drives integrated compressor/generator unit 510 with a single shaft 530.
  • Integrated compressor/generator unit 510 is sealed within a single housing (not shown) that also serves as a low pressure reservoir for refrigerant that is returned to the compressor following its having flowed through a typical refrigeration cycle such as having passed through a condenser and an evaporator for extracting heat from a cooled space.
  • shaft 530 also drives auxiliary generator 540 using belt 550 or other means for extracting power from shaft 530.
  • Auxiliary generator 540 produces DC current for charging unit battery 560 and current may also be made directly available to control box 570.
  • compressor/generator 510 produces high voltage current for use by a battery pack charger 512 to charge high voltage battery pack 514. Power stored in high voltage battery pack 514 can then be used by control box 570.
  • Control box 570 may draw electrical current directly from battery 560 or from high voltage battery pack 514 when engine 520 is not operating.
  • high voltage battery pack may be a commercial battery pack that generates approximately 600 volts.
  • control box 570 may also draw power from auxiliary generator 540 or from compressor/generator 510, which is configured to produce high voltage current.
  • Control box 570 provides power to AC/DC converter 580, which produces power or current at a sufficiently high voltage to drive high-voltage, direct-current fans 590.
  • power from high voltage battery pack 514 may be used to drive compressor 510.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) comprenant
    un moteur (120) alimentant un arbre de transmission,
    un compresseur de réfrigérant (130) entraîné par l'arbre, et
    un générateur intégré (110) entraîné par l'arbre, dans lequel à la fois le compresseur (130) et le générateur intégré (110) sont enfermés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (140), et
    caractérisé en ce que
    le générateur intégré (110) est immergé dans le réfrigérant ; et
    un générateur auxiliaire (340) est fourni qui est positionné à l'extérieur par rapport audit boîtier et qui est entraîné par une courroie (350) entraînée par l'arbre (330).
  2. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant également un générateur auxiliaire (440) entraîné par l'arbre (430) et positionné à l'extérieur par rapport audit boîtier, le générateur auxiliaire (440) produisant un courant pour charger une batterie (460) et pour faire fonctionner un ventilateur (495).
  3. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le générateur intégré (110) est placé entre le moteur (120) et le compresseur (130).
  4. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le compresseur est placé entre le moteur et le générateur intégré.
  5. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moteur (120) est un moteur à combustion interne.
  6. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le compresseur est directement couplé à l'arbre.
  7. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'arbre est à entraînement magnétique.
  8. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant également une pluralité d'aimants permanents fixés à l'arbre à l'intérieur du boîtier et des enroulements placés autour des aimants permanents de sorte à générer un courant électrique lorsque l'arbre pivote.
  9. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant également un générateur d'induction placé sur l'arbre de transmission, dans lequel un courant alternatif est induit suite à la rotation de l'arbre (430).
  10. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le générateur auxiliaire (440) produit un courant pour charger la batterie, dans lequel la batterie est couplée à un boîtier de commande, dans lequel le boîtier de commande est configuré pour fournir du courant pour entraîner un arbre.
  11. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le boîtier de commande (470) comprend un onduleur pour transformer un courant continu en courant alternatif à une tension appropriée pour faire fonctionner le ventilateur ; ou
    dans lequel le boîtier de commande (470) est conçu pour recevoir un signal à partir d'un contenant transportable et pour faire fonctionner le ventilateur en se basant sur le signal ou pour commander le fonctionnement du moteur afin d'amener le générateur auxiliaire (440) à fournir du courant pour charger la batterie.
  12. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le boîtier de commande (470) est configuré pour commander le moteur pour fonctionner afin d'amener le compresseur à fournir un refroidissement en pompant du réfrigérant à travers un jeu de composants de cycle de réfrigération.
  13. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le générateur intégré (120) est conçu pour produire un courant pour faire fonctionner un ventilateur ; ou
    dans lequel le générateur intégré (120) est conçu pour produire un courant à haute tension apte à charger un bloc-batterie à haute tension.
  14. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant également un ou plusieurs ventilateurs à courant continu et un ou plusieurs ventilateurs à courant alternatif.
  15. Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré (100) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le boîtier de commande (470) fournit du courant à un convertisseur de courant, et dans lequel le convertisseur de courant fournit un courant continu à une tension appropriée pour faire fonctionner un ventilateur d'évaporation.
EP12732939.9A 2011-07-07 2012-06-29 Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré Revoked EP2729702B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161505311P 2011-07-07 2011-07-07
PCT/US2012/044791 WO2013006398A2 (fr) 2011-07-07 2012-06-29 Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2729702A2 EP2729702A2 (fr) 2014-05-14
EP2729702B1 true EP2729702B1 (fr) 2017-08-23

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ID=46465321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12732939.9A Revoked EP2729702B1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2012-06-29 Groupe frigorifique de transport intégré

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140137590A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2729702B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103649539B (fr)
ES (1) ES2646185T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2596677C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013006398A2 (fr)

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US11034213B2 (en) 2018-09-29 2021-06-15 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for monitoring and displaying energy use and energy cost of a transport vehicle climate control system or a fleet of transport vehicle climate control systems
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US6223546B1 (en) 1999-04-21 2001-05-01 Robert A. Chopko Electrically powered transport refrigeration unit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140137590A1 (en) 2014-05-22
RU2596677C2 (ru) 2016-09-10
RU2013157769A (ru) 2015-08-20
ES2646185T3 (es) 2017-12-12
CN103649539B (zh) 2016-10-12
EP2729702A2 (fr) 2014-05-14
WO2013006398A2 (fr) 2013-01-10
WO2013006398A3 (fr) 2013-06-27
CN103649539A (zh) 2014-03-19

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