EP2729626A2

EP2729626A2 - Method of building a structure and a load-spreading mat

Info

Publication number: EP2729626A2
Application number: EP12744040.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Helder GASPAR
Original assignee: Hsols Industriels
Current assignee: Hsols Industriels
Priority date: 2011-07-04
Filing date: 2012-07-02
Publication date: 2014-05-14
Anticipated expiration: 2032-07-02
Also published as: WO2013004959A2; WO2013004959A3; FR2977597A1; FR2977597B1; EP2729626B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of building a structure in which earthworks are used to prepare an area of ground (2) intended to accommodate said structure; a load-spreading mat (1) is created by adding compacted material within said area; and said structure is built on top of said load-spreading mat (1). Such a method is characterized in that it involves, during the creation of said mat (1), introducing a reinforcement (10) that is meshed during the compacting of said material.

Description

METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A STRUCTURE AND A DISTRIBUTION MATTRESS

The present invention is in the field of construction and building, more particularly in the realization of distribution mattresses.

The present invention will find a preferential application, but in no way limiting, in the production of a distribution mat intended to serve as a base and to receive as a top layer a structure, in particular a floor-type construction, in particular a non-structural structure.

In known manner, during the construction of a building or a pavement-type structure or pavement, the ground is prepared to ensure the good performance of this construction. In particular, the soil undergoes modifications to, firstly, to receive said construction and, secondly, to remain stable for the entire life of this construction.

To do this, in a known manner, under said construction, directly on the ground, a distribution mat is produced. Such a mattress consists of a single layer of compacted material acting as a rigid support and fixed in time, absorbing some of the changes in the soil. It also makes it possible to level the floor surface as well, with a view to producing a construction on the upper face. It will be noted that between the surface of said mattress and the underside of the construction, a sliding layer is generally arranged, which can be made of sand with a tight intermediate layer in the form of a plastic film.

In addition, when the soil has movement characteristics over time (that is to say that it consists of a loose or compressible material), it is then necessary to perform a soil improvement before the realization of said mattress. Soil improvement techniques involve modifying the characteristics of a soil by physical action (for example, vibrations) or by embedding a more resistant material in the soil or on the ground. In particular. a technique used is to make additional foundations in the ground and on which will rest the superimposed mattress and construction.

By way of example, ballasted columns can be made vertically in the soil, regularly spaced so as to form an anchor network intended to increase the bearing capacity of the soil and / or the shear strength, to reduce the absolute and differential settlements. as well as the time of consolidation, while avoiding the creation of draining elements.

In addition, such columns reduce the risks caused by liquefaction phenomena during earthquakes or significant vibrations. Indeed, the ballasted columns are made of granular materials, without cohesion, set up by repression in the soil and compacted by successive passes. Such a column therefore has no binder on its height.

Another known solution consists of vertical piles, made of bonded material, such as reinforced concrete.

A major drawback related to this type of foundation lies in the need to bury the ground, by drilling, to then make the columns or piles.

Moreover, in such configurations, with or without soil improvement, a preliminary and precise geological study is required to define the characteristics of the soil. From these results, the thickness and the material of the distribution mat are determined, as well as the need to achieve a soil improvement, and therefore its material, depth and density.

In addition, these calculations depend on the type of construction planned in the upper part and its use. For example, a residential building generates regular stresses totally different from an industrial pavement or pavement.

Indeed, the industrial pavements impose strong vertical stresses likely to deform locally or cross the distribution mat to directly act on the ground that may be packed. In addition, the ground, in reverse reaction, creates vertical stresses upwards likely to cross the mattress and deteriorate the upper construction. In sum, the distribution mattress must reduce the forces and forces from the construction and the soil, by diffusing them within its thickness.

In this context, the higher the stresses, the higher the quantity of material for the manufacture of the floor mat, increasing its thickness up to 1 meter, and if necessary the soil improvement, increasing the time and cost of land preparation.

The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, by proposing the realization of a distribution mat having increased characteristics of recovery efforts, for both upward and downward forces, while having a thickness less, saving material costs and decreasing production time.

In addition, in the case of a soil improvement, such a distribution mat increases the spacing of columns or piles, while maintaining the bearing capacity of the soil.

To do this, the invention provides to introduce a frame directly within said mattress, while maintaining its homogeneity. Thus, said reinforcement makes it possible to take up stronger vertical stresses, whether they are ascending from the ground or descending since construction.

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a structure, wherein:

- An earth zone is prepared by terracing for receiving said structure;

a distribution mat is produced by adding a compacted material within said zone; and said structure is made in the upper face of said distribution mat.

Such a method is characterized in that it consists, during the production of said mattress, to introduce a mesh reinforcement during compaction of said material.

According to an additional characteristic, the method consists in arranging said reinforcement within said mattress, after compacting a first layer of said material and before covering and compacting a second layer of the material.

According to one embodiment, said armature consists of at least one mesh of metal mesh, composite or plastic.

According to another embodiment, the method consists, prior to the realization of said mattress, to achieve soil improvements within and under said zone.

Thus, the invention makes it possible to produce a distribution mat having increased force-recovery characteristics, for both upward and downward forces, while having a smaller thickness, saving material costs and decreasing the production time.

According to yet another embodiment, the method consists in constructing said structure by casting a tessellation based on concrete and metal fibers, including or not a metal reinforcement.

Preferably, the method may consist in providing in the upper part of said pavement means capable of controlling the shrinkage of the concrete during its drying and hardening, said means being at least partly in the form of said reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, such a method may consist in arranging in the upper quarter of the thickness of said tiling a metal reinforcement of large cross-section, in particular of a section of at least 2.57 cm ² .

In addition, said armature may be positioned at the top of said pavement through raising means, especially distanciés. Preferably, said method consists in coating said armature with at least 25 mm.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended figures in which:

Figure 1 shows a schematic vertical sectional view of a soil treatment involving the distribution mat obtained according to the invention;

FIG. 2 represents a view of a detail of an example of a specific embodiment of a reinforcement implemented in the method according to the invention;

- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a detail of paving realization according to the method according to the invention;

Figure 4 is a top view of an embodiment of a detail of paving realization according to the method according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a view from above of a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 6 is a view from above of another particular embodiment of the method according to the invention; and

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6.

The present invention relates to the construction of a structure and is particularly aimed at producing a distribution mattress 1.

First of all, such a construction requires the grounding preparation of an area of a floor 2, in order to implant said structure. Such earth moving may consist essentially of leveling the soil, by digging or backfilling, on an area depending on the size of said area and at a depth depending on the leveling of the soil.

Once this earthwork is done, depending on the characteristics of the soil, in particular its compactness and its shear strength, a preliminary optional step may be necessary in improvements of soil in the breast and under said zone.

According to a preferred embodiment, shown schematically in FIG. 1, said soil improvements 2 consist of columns or piles made in the soil on a given depth. Such improvements are spaced regularly according to the size of said area, as well as the loads and stresses generated by said structure and during its use.

In this respect, it should be noted that said structure may be a building or another embodiment, such as a pavement or pavement.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment, wherein said structure consists of a pavement 4, structural or not. Preferably, such a pavement 4 is non-structural, in particular intended for the production of an industrial type floor with high loads. In particular, the invention makes it possible to realize a non-structural pavement 4 with a large surface between joints as a function of the configuration of the building or of the construction intended to receive said pavement 4.

Such a structure is then constructed by casting said slab 4 based on concrete, in particular a metal fiber concrete matrix, including or not a metal reinforcement 5. Still in the example of this embodiment, visible in FIGS. 7, said tiling 4 incorporates a frame 5.

Firstly, a support 100 of paving is carried out above said distribution mat or constituted at least in part by said mattress. This support 100 is prepared through a step of adjusting the platform allowing variations of plus or minus one centimeter. A closure layer is then made to fill the voids of the underlying parts by the addition of fine sized materials. Depending on the case, a sliding layer may be formed from a bed of sand of about two centimeters.

Between the support 100 and said matrix is disposed an interface which may be in the form of a film 101, in particular a polyethylene film. This film 101 is planned late. a minimum thickness of the order of 150 microns.

On the support 100 previously prepared, is poured a matrix of concrete and metal fibers. These fibers are added to the concrete and dosed according to the technical advice of the fiber manufacturers.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to have in the upper part of said pavement 4 means 102 capable of controlling the shrinkage of the concrete during its drying and hardening. These means 102 are in the form of a metal frame made from a welded mesh. This frame 5 is provided with a large section, which section may be a minimum of 2.57 cm ² .

An additional feature is that the metal armature is disposed in the upper part of said pavement 4, in particular in the upper quarter of the paving 4. This armature 5 is positioned at the top through the interposition raising 103, such wedges or distanciés. These distancies support at the top of said armature 5 and rest on the support 100 of the pavement 4 at the bottom.

According to another particularity of the invention, the method consists in delimiting said tiling 4 in several zones. In fact, for very large structures, the constraints require dividing the pavement 4 into several zones, in particular so that it retains its mechanical characteristics, its resistance, etc.

It should be noted in this regard that an area may be delimited either by other contiguous areas or by the edges of the building or construction intended to receive said pavement 4, in particular the walls of this construction.

To do this, means 104 capable of transferring the loads undergone by said tiling 4 from one zone to another. These transfer means 104 may be in the form of at least two metal profiles 105 secured to one another through fastening means. These, not shown, can advantageously comprise screws in plastic material so that, during the drying and curing of the concrete, said screws break and the removal of the concrete separates and separates each profile. In this regard, each profile 105 comprises anchoring means 106 in the concrete, in particular in each zone. These anchoring means 106 may consist of an element 107 extending parallel to said profile 105 and connected thereto by a connecting member 108, such as a rod or the like. These anchoring means 106 are fixed to said profile at regular intervals.

In addition, particularly visible in Figures 6 and 7, the method according to the invention consists in arranging, at the level of the connection of two zones, preferably under the profiles 105, stabilization means 109 shaped so as to allow the displacement lateral of one zone with respect to another while countering a possible effect of strumming or vertical displacement between two zones. To do this, these stabilizing means 109 is in the form of a sleeve 110 extending horizontally in the matrix of a zone and having a substantially polygonal shape, in particular of trapezoidal shape. In addition, inside said sleeve 110 is inserted a blade 111, integral with the adjacent zone, extending on either side of the junction limit of two zones. Thus, the translation movement resulting from the separation of one area relative to the other is allowed, while the strumming is prevented, while vertical movement is controlled.

The transfer means 104 thus prevent strumming while protecting the edges of the zones constituting said tiling 4.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention provides means 112 for reinforcing the pavement 4 in order to avoid crack formation, in particular crack initiation at a projecting structural part, such as a re-entrant angle 113. For this, the reinforcing means 112 consist of at least one metal bar 114 disposed on said armature 5 and orthogonal to the median of said angle 113 considered. Preferably, these reinforcing means 112 preferably comprise three bars 114 extending parallel to one another. In addition, each bar 114 is oriented substantially obliquely with respect to the lattice forming said armature 5.

In the case of a pillar or post 115, as can be seen in FIG. 5, reinforcing means 112 may be added for each re-entrant angle 113. It will be noted that an insulating material 116 may be placed between the pillar 115 and the pavement. 4. Advantageously, the reinforcing means 112 of two consecutive angles can be linked together at one of their ends, thereby stiffening the set of reinforcement means 112.

In this respect, each bar 114 of the reinforcing means 112 rests on the lattice of said armature 5 and can be secured thereto, in particular through ligatures, not shown.

In addition, said armature 5 is then coated with at least 25 millimeters. In the case of reinforcement means 112, the latter are also coated.

The high position of the armature 5 combined with its strong section makes it possible to control and recover the residual stresses on the surface and to prevent the formation of cracks.

Once cast, are applied means for maintaining the surface moisture, including a cure.

The present invention also relates to a slab 4 of non-structural concrete from the above process. This pavement 4 is composed of a matrix of concrete and metal fibers as well as a frame 5 with a large section in the upper part of said pavement 4. The latter also includes all the aforementioned means.

It should be noted that such a pavement 4 can be made to a minimum thickness of fifteen centimeters.

Thus, said reinforcement 5 situated in the upper part makes it possible, on the one hand, to control the shrinkage of the concrete during its drying and hardening and, on the other hand, to resume the stresses and forces generated during the use of such a pavement 4.

Indeed, the latter can be used in the construction of industrial type floor, for example in the case of a logistics platform or a hangar. These structures require a high quality of realization due in particular to the importance of the loads that the pavement 4 must support. In particular, such a pavement 4 must withstand the traffic of lifting gear depending on the type of machine, their speed of movement and their support on the ground. These constraints are accentuated in that this type of industrial structure extends over large areas with small thickness.

According to an essential characteristic, the construction method according to the invention consists in producing a distribution mattress 1 by adding a compacted material within said zone.

Advantageously, during the production of said mattress 1, a mesh reinforcement 10 is introduced during the compaction of said material.

In particular, a preferred embodiment consists in arranging said armature 10 within said mattress 1, after compacting a first layer 11 of said material and before covering and compacting a second layer 12 of the material.

However, in this embodiment, the mesh armature 10 does not dissociate the integrity of the mattress 1, which forms a single layer incorporating said armature 10. In fact, during compaction, said mesh armature 10 is made indissociable , forming only a single element with the layers 11 and 12, without constituting a separation between them. Thus, the distribution mattress 1 retains its mechanical characteristics and is reinforced by the frame.

According to the preferred embodiment, said mesh reinforcement 10 consists of at least one metal mesh, composite or plastic. In particular, such a trellis can similar to a plastic or metallic mesh, or even a plastic sheathed metal.

In addition, such a lattice has a density determined according to the material constituting the mattress 1, allowing said material to pass through it at its meshes 100. Thus, the dimensioning of said meshes 100 ensures the connection between the lower 11 and upper 12 layers. , depending on the material used for the mattress.

It should be noted that it is possible to choose the material of said armature 10 as a function of the material composing said repair mattress 1.

A non-limiting example of embodiment of such a trellis is shown in Figure 2. Said trellis is in the form of a mesh mesh 100 woven hexagonal and is formed by 1 intermingling of metal cables 101, including iron. In particular, two adjacent cables 101 are twisted in pairs along a length of one side 102 of a hexagonal mesh 100, then each cable 101 is twisted with the two cables 101 located on either side, to form the sides 102 respective other meshes 100 hexagonal, and so on, as shown in Figure 2.

In addition, said cables 101 may be coated with a peripheral sheath improving their resistance, in particular against corrosion. Such a sheath may be made of a plastic or composite material, especially a mixture of aluminum and zinc, particularly having characteristics of strength and impermeability to fluids and air.

According to a preferred embodiment, each cable 101 may have a section of between 2 and 3 millimeters, in particular 2.20 or 2.45 mm. In addition, the dimensions of each mesh 100 may have a length of 118 mm for a width of 80 mm.

Such dimensioning allows the mesh to fit on the particles of a mattress material 1 constituted by pebbles or rubble, without these particles being able to traverse said lattice. The latter is then perfectly nested inside the mattress 1.

According to other embodiments, said mesh reinforcement 10 may consist of several superimposed meshes separated by a compacted intermediate layer of material of the distribution mattress 1.

According to yet another embodiment, said mesh reinforcement 10 may be reinforced by suitable means, such as longitudinal blades or a metal grid made of an intersection of said blades, serving as support for said lattice and melted in one of the layers 11 or 12.

Thus, the mesh reinforcement 10 takes up the vertical forces, namely the ascending and descending forces and stresses, to absorb them longitudinally along its lattice, within the distribution pad 1.

Once this distribution mat 1 in place, it makes said structure in the upper face.

In particular, between the upper face of said mattress 1 and the lower face of said structure, a sliding layer 6 may be produced. The latter may be formed from a bed of sand of about two centimeters.

In addition, between the mattress 1 and said structure, especially above the sliding layer 6, may be disposed an interface (not shown). The latter may be in the form of a film, in particular a polyethylene film. This film is provided end, a minimum thickness of the order of 150 microns.

The present invention thus makes it possible to improve the recovery of upward and downward vertical forces and stresses, and to ensure their distribution within the mattress 1, without projection towards the ground 2 or the structure located above.

Therefore, it is possible to envisage, for given forces and constraints, a lower thickness of mattress 1 offering the same mechanical strength.

In addition, the same is true for soil improvements 3. whose number may be diminished and the distances between them increased, for an equivalent result.

These advantages make it possible to considerably reduce the costs and the duration of the construction of said structure.

Claims

1. A method of constructing a structure, in which: an earth zone (2) is prepared by terracing for receiving said structure;

a distribution mat (1) is produced by adding a compacted material within said zone; and

said structure is made in the upper face of said distribution mat (1);

characterized in that it consists, when producing said mattress (1), to introduce a mesh reinforcement (10) during the compaction of said material.

2. A method of construction according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises arranging said armature (10) within said mattress (1), after compacting a first layer of said material and before recovery and compaction of a second layer of the material.

3. Construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said armature (10) consists of at least one mesh metal mesh, composite or plastic.

4. Construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists, prior to the realization of said mattress (1), to achieve improvements (3) of soil within and under said zone.

5. A method of construction according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in constructing said structure by casting a tiling (4) based on concrete and metal fibers, including or not a metal reinforcement.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that it consists in arranging in the upper part of said paving (4) means adapted to control the withdrawal of the concrete during its drying and hardening, said means being at least partly in the form of said armature (5).

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it consists in arranging in the upper quarter of the thickness of said tiling (4) a metal reinforcement (5) of large section, in particular of a section of at least 2 , 57 cm ² .

8. The method of claim 7, characterized in that said armature (5) is positioned in the upper part of said pavement (4) through raising means 103, including distanciés.

9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it consists in coating said armature (5) by at least 25 mm.