EP2729545B1 - Free radical curable waterborne glass coating compositions - Google Patents
Free radical curable waterborne glass coating compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2729545B1 EP2729545B1 EP12808153.6A EP12808153A EP2729545B1 EP 2729545 B1 EP2729545 B1 EP 2729545B1 EP 12808153 A EP12808153 A EP 12808153A EP 2729545 B1 EP2729545 B1 EP 2729545B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- aqueous polyurethane
- coating composition
- polyurethane coating
- polycarbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 title description 13
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 araliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical group N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WAWYSJFTGINOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(C)NCCN WAWYSJFTGINOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical group O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007945 N-acyl ureas Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)O TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonoperoxoic acid Chemical class OOC(O)=O MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDHJPVCKNSWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC1 CUDHJPVCKNSWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediamine Chemical compound NCN RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenylglyoxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHKJGIUKIBGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholine;piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1.C1COCCN1 AHKJGIUKIBGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SMJVVYQWUFKTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-diethyl-n-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCNC SMJVVYQWUFKTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCN QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXHTZQSKTCCMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MXHTZQSKTCCMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUUJJGXCSXGCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(7-methyloctoxy)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNOCCCCCCC(C)C DUUJJGXCSXGCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxysulfuric acid Chemical class OOS(O)(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- FAQJJMHZNSSFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylglyoxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAQJJMHZNSSFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical class NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
- C03C17/322—Polyurethanes or polyisocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
- C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6659—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/34
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/29—Mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/78—Coatings specially designed to be durable, e.g. scratch-resistant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/32—After-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
- Y10T428/1321—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to one-component free-radical curable waterborne polyurethane coating compositions and to the use of such compositions for coating glass substrates.
- Glass substrates may be coated, for example, to provide a decorative effect or to enhance substrate properties.
- glass substrates may be coated to provide anti-shattering properties, abrasion resistance, increased elasticity, solvent resistance, and/or alkali resistance.
- Glass containers for example, may benefit from clear coatings that provide mechanical protection to the external surfaces to help minimize mechanical damage, such as scuffing or marring, to the containers during transportation, storage, filling operations, and distribution.
- glass containers may be coated to increase the aesthetics of the glass containers. Free radical cure using radiation and/or thermal energy increases the line speeds of glass decoration operations.
- US 5 684 081 discloses a polyurethane coating composition comprising a free radically curable polyurethane resin.
- said coating composition lacks a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- US 2011/045219 discloses a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin which may be non-functional. However, neither document discloses the particular mixture of both components which achieves a superior cross-hatch adhesion.
- Embodiments disclosed in this specification are directed to free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions.
- the free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprise a waterborne unsaturated polyurethane resin, and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- an aqueous polyurethane coating composition comprises: (a) a water-dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin; and (b) a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- the water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin (a) comprises a reaction product of: (A1) 40-90% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 20-350 mg of KOH/g and (B1) 0.1-20 wt% of one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain ionic or potentially ionic groups and/or have a dispersant action due to non-ionic groups with (C1) 10-50 wt% of one or more polyisocyanates (D1) 0.0-30 wt% of polyols together with a subsequent reaction with 0.1-10 wt% of one or more di- and/or polyamines; wherein components (a) and (b) are present in a weight ratio between 90:10 and 50:50 measured on a solids basis.
- the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin (b) is non-functional.
- the various embodiments disclosed and described in this specification provide free radical curable waterborne (i.e. , aqueous) polyurethane coating compositions that exhibit properties beneficial for substrates such as, for example, glass substrates.
- the free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein provide cured coating films exhibiting increased flexibility, increased impact resistance, good substrate adhesion in severe environments, increased abrasion resistance and increased solvent resistance.
- the free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions provide beneficial properties to substrates such as, for example, glass substrates.
- One-component coating compositions comprise pre-mixed compositions that have acceptable pot-life and storage stability, and are applied to substrates and cured under specific conditions such as, for example, upon exposure to thermal energy, electron beam or ultraviolet light.
- One-component systems include, for example, all the components of the formulation being mixed together and are stable until heat and/or radiation is applied to the formulation.
- two-component coating compositions comprise two separate and mutually reactive components that are mixed immediately prior to application to substrate. The separate components respectively contain ingredients that are reactive under ambient conditions and that begin appreciable formation of cured resin immediately upon mixture. Therefore, the two components must remain separated until immediately before application due to limited pot-life.
- the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins are based on acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups.
- the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention are produced by polyaddition of (A1). 40-90 wt. %, preferably 50-80 wt. %, of one or more acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 20-350 mg, preferably 40-120 mg of KOH/g and (B1). 0.1-20 wt. %, preferably 2-15 wt.
- % of one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain groups which are cationic, anionic and/or have a dispersant action due to ether groups with (C1). 10-50 wt. %, preferably 15-40 wt. % of one or more polyisocyanates (D1). 0.0-30 wt. %, preferably 0.0-20 wt. % of a polyol together with a subsequent reaction with (E1). 0.1-10 wt. %, preferably 0.5-7 wt. %, of one or more di- and/or polyamines.
- the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention are used as lacquer binders.
- the acrylate prepolymers (A1) may be polyester acrylate prepolymers, polyether acrylate prepolymers, or polycarbonate acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups. Alternatively, it is also possible to use polyepoxy acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups or polyurethane acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups. In one embodiment, mixtures of the above-mentioned prepolymers may be used.
- Polyester acrylate prepolymers are polycondensation products derived from polycarboxylic or if available the anhydrides thereof (adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and phthalic acid may be cited by way of example), di- and/or more highly functional polyols (such as for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythrite, alkoxylated di- or polyols etc.) and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid. After polycondensation, excess carboxyl groups may be reacted with epoxides.
- adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and phthalic acid may be cited by way of example
- di- and/or more highly functional polyols such as for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane,
- polyester acrylate prepolymers A containing hydroxyl groups is described in U.S.-PS-42 06 205 , DE-OS-40 40 290 , DE-OS-33 16 592 , DE-OS-37 04 098 and UV & EB Curing Formulations for Printing Inks, Coatings & Paints, ed. R. Holman and P. Oldring, published by SITA Technology, London (England), 1988, pages 36 et seq.. The reactions should be terminated once the OH value is within the range from 40-120 mg of KOH/g.
- Compounds (B1) which have a dispersant action effected cationically, anionically and/or by ether groups are those containing, for example, sulphonium, ammonium, carboxylate, sulphonate and/or polyether groups and are incorporated into the macromolecule by the presence of isocyanate-reactive groups.
- Preferred suitable isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxyl and amine groups.
- Representatives of compounds (B1) are bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, malic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, 2-aminoethylaminoethanesulphonic acid, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols started on alcohols.
- Bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid and polyethylene glycol 750 monomethyl ether are particularly suitable.
- Polyaddition may proceed with aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates (C1). Mixtures of such polyisocyanates (C1) may also be used.
- suitable polyisocyanates (C1) are tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,3,3-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4- or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane 4,4',4"-triisocyanate, together with polyisocyanates produced by the trimerization or oligomerization of diisocyanates or by the reaction
- Such compounds include the isocyanurate of hexamethylene diisocyanate. Further suitable compounds are blocked, reversibly capped polydisisocyanates, such as 1,3,5-tris-6-(1-methylpropylidene aminoxy carbonylamino)hexyl-2,4,6-trioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine. Hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate and the mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- polyols (D1) it is possible to use substances with a molecular weight up to 5000.
- Such polyols are e.g. propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexane diol.
- Examples for higher molecular weight polyols are the well-known polyesterpolyols, polyetherpolyols and polycarbonatepolyols which should have an average OH-functionality of 1.8-2,2. If appropriate it is also possible to use monofunctional alcohols such as ethanol and butanol.
- Di- and/or polyamines (E1) are used to increase molecular weight. Since this reaction proceeds in the aqueous medium, the di- and/or polyamines (E1) must be more reactive towards the isocyanate groups than is water.
- Compounds which may be cited by way of example are ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine, aminofunctional polyethylene oxide esp. polypropylene oxide (known as Jeffamine®, D-series), triethylenetetramine and hydrazine. Ethylenediamine is particularly preferred.
- the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention may be produced using any known prior art methods, such as emulsifier/shear force, acetone, prepolymer mixing, melt/emulsification, ketimine and solid spontaneous dispersion methods or derivatives thereof (c.f. Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Houben-Weyl, 4th edition, volume E20/part 2, page 1682, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1987 ). Experience has shown that the acetone method is the most suitable.
- Components (A1), (B1) and (D1) are initially introduced into the reactor in order to produce the intermediates (polyester acrylate/urethane solutions), diluted with a solvent which is miscible with water but inert towards isocyanate groups and heated to relatively elevated temperatures, in particular in the range from 50° to 120°C.
- Suitable solvents are acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- Catalysts known to accelerate the isocyanate addition reaction may also be initially introduced, for example triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane, tin dioctoate or dibutyltin dilaurate.
- the polyisocyanate and/or polyisocyanates (C1) are added to these mixtures.
- the ratio of moles of all hydroxyl groups to moles of all isocyanate groups is generally between 0.3 and 0.95, in particular between 0.4 and 0.9.
- the polyurethane solutions prepared from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) are either vigorously stirred into the dispersion water containing the polyamine and/or polyamines (E1) or, conversely, the dispersion water/polyamine (E1) mixture is stirred into the polyester urethane solutions prepared from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1).
- the solvent may be removed by distillation.
- the dispersions then have a solids content of 20-60 wt. %, in particular of 30-55 wt. %.
- External emulsifiers can additionally be added to stabilize the dispersions.
- the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) of the aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may comprise a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- polycarbonate-polyurethane resin refers to oligomeric or polymeric macromolecules comprising carbonate groups and at least one of urethane groups or urea groups.
- Suitable polycarbonate-polyurethane resins include the aliphatic polycarbonate-polyurethane resin dispersions in water that are commercially available from Bayer MaterialScience, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, under the Bayhydrol® trademark.
- a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may comprise a reaction product of: (A1') a polyisocyanate component; (A2') a polycarbonate polyol component; and (A3') an isocyanate-reactive component comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group.
- the polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise a monomeric organic diisocyanate represented by the formula, R(NCO) 2 , in which R represents an organic group.
- R represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Suitable monomeric diisocyanates include, for example: 1,4-tetra-methylene diisocyanate; 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,3- diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate; 1-isocyanato-2-isocyanatomethyl cyclopentane; 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate), bis-(4-isocyanato-cyclohexyl)-methane; 1,3- and 1,4-bis-(isocyanatomethyl)
- the polyisocyanate component may comprise a monomeric isocyanate comprising three or more isocyanate groups such as, for example, 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octamethylene diisocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate component may comprise polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates obtained by phosgenating aniline/formaldehyde condensates.
- the polyisocyanate component may also comprise aromatic isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups, such as, for example, 4,4',4"-triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate component (A1') may also comprise diisocyanate adducts and/or oligomers comprising urethane groups, urea groups, uretdione groups, uretonimine groups, isocyanurate groups, iminooxadiazine dione groups, oxadiazine trione groups, carbodiimide groups, acyl urea groups, biuret groups, and/or allophanate groups.
- the polyisocyanate component may include:
- Polyisocyanate components (A1') comprising diisocyanate adducts and/or oligomers may have an average isocyanate group functionality of 2 to 6 or 2 to 4, for example.
- Polyisocyanate components (A1') comprising diisocyanate adducts and oligomers may have an average isocyanate (NCO) content of 5% to 30%, 10% to 25%, or 15% to 25%, by weight of the component.
- the polyisocyanate component (A1') may be a monomeric (cyclo)aliphatic diisocyanate such as, for example, a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI); 4,4'-diisocyanato-dicyclohexylmethane (H 12 MDI); 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane; isomers of any thereof; and combinations of any thereof.
- a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI); 4,4'-diiso
- H 12 MDI may be used to produce (c) water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- the polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise 50 to 100 weight percent of aliphatic diisocyanate and 0 to 50 weight percent of other aliphatic polyisocyanates having a molecular weight of 140 to 1500, such as, for example, diisocyanate adduct and/or oligomer.
- a polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise any one or more of the polyisocyanate components (C1) described above in connection with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins.
- a polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise at least one of HDI, IPDI, H 12 MDI, 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane, and/or adducts of these diisocyanates comprising isocyanurate, uretdione, biuret, and/or iminooxadiazine dione groups as described above.
- a polycarbonate polyol component (A2') may comprise a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and phosgene or a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and diesters of carbonic acid.
- Suitable polyhydric alcohols include, for example, diols such as 1,3-propanediol; ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; 1,4-propanediol; diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol; tetraethylene glycol; 1,4-butanediol; 1,6-hexanediol; trimethylenepentanediol; 1,4-cyclohexanediol; 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; neopentyl glycol; 1,8-octanediol; and combinations of any thereof.
- diols such as 1,3-propanediol; ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; 1,4-propanediol; diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol; tetraethylene glycol; 1,4-butanediol; 1,6-hexanediol; trimethylenepentanediol; 1,4
- Suitable polyhydric alcohols also include, for example, tri-functional and multi-functional hydroxyl compounds such as glycerol; trimethylolpropane; trimethylolethane; hexanetriol isomers; pentaerythritol; and combinations of any thereof.
- Tri-functional and multi-functional hydroxyl compounds may be used to produce a polycarbonate polyol having a branched structure.
- a polycarbonate polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of 1 to 5, or any sub-range therein, such as, for example, 1 to 2, 1.5 to 2.5, 1.2 to 2.2, or 1.8 to 2.2.
- a polycarbonate polyol may have an average molecular weight of 300 to 10000 or any sub-range therein, such as, for example, 300 to 5000, 1000 to 8000, 1000 to 6000, 2000 to 6000, 500 to 6000, 500 to 3000, or 1000 to 3000.
- a polycarbonate polyol may have an OH number of 25 to 350 mg KOH/g solids.
- an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise an ionic group or potentially ionic group may at least partially impart water-dilutability (e.g ., aqueous solubility or aqueous dispersability) to water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resins by covalently incorporating into the macromolecules, increasing the hydrophilicity of the macromolecules.
- the isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may comprise at least one ionic group or potentially ionic group, which may be either cationic or anionic in nature.
- the isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may also comprise at least one isocyanate-reactive group such as, for example, a hydroxyl group and/or an amine group.
- the isocyanate-reactive functionality of the isocyanate-reactive component (A2') and the hydroxyl functionality of the polycarbonate polyol component (A2') may react with the isocyanate functionality of the polyisocyanate component (A1') to, at least in part, produce a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- Cationic and anionic isocyanate-reactive components include compounds comprising, for example, sulfonium groups, ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, carboxylate groups, sulfonate groups, phosphonate groups, or the corresponding non-ionic acid groups ( i.e ., potentially ionic groups) that can be converted by deprotonation ( i.e. , salt formation) into these groups.
- Suitable isocyanate-reactive components include, for example, mono-hydroxycarboxylic acids; di-hydroxycarboxylic acids; mono-aminocarboxylic acids; di-aminocarboxylic acids; mono-hydroxysulfonic acids; di-hydroxysulfonic acids; mono-aminosulfonic acids; di-aminosulfonic acids; mono-hydroxyphosphonic; di-hydroxyphosphonic acids; mono-aminophosphonic acids; di-aminophosphonic acids; their ionic salts; and combinations of any thereof.
- Suitable isocyanate-reactive components include, for example, dimethylolpropionic acid; dimethylolbutyric acid; hydroxypivalic acid; N-(2-aminoethyl)- ⁇ -alanine; ethylenediame-propyl- or butyl-sulfonic acid; 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid; citric acid; glycolic acid; lactic acid; 2-aminoethylaminoethanesulfonic acid; glycine; alanine; taurine; lysine; 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid; an adduct of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and acrylic acid (see, e.g ., European Patent No.
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include, for example, other 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkane-carboxylic acids such as dimethylolacetic acid and 2,2-dimethylolpentanoic acid.
- suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include dihydroxysuccinic acid, Michael adducts of acrylic acid with amines such as isophoronediamine or hexamethylenediamine, or mixtures of such acids and/or dimethylolpropionic acid and/or hydroxypivalic acid.
- suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include sulfonic acid diols optionally comprising ether groups, for example, the compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,814 .
- the water- polycarbonate-polyurethane resin comprises a reaction product of components (A1'), (A2'), and an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') possessing carboxyl or carboxylate groups, sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, and/or ammonium groups.
- the isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may be incorporated into water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin macromolecules by urethane-forming and/or urea-forming reactions between the isocyanate-reactive groups and the isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component (A1').
- an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise any one or more of the components (B1) described above in connection with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins.
- an isocyanate-reactive component comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise at least one of dimethylolpropionic acid; dimethylolbutyric acid; and/or hydroxypivalic acid.
- an optional isocyanate-reactive component may comprise, for example, chain extenders and/or chain terminators.
- a chain-extending and/or chain-terminating component may comprise an ionic group or potentially ionic group and at least one group that is reactive with isocyanate groups in an addition reaction.
- chain-extending components include, for example, methylenediamine; ethylenediamine; propylenediamine; 1,4-butylenediamine; 1,6-hexamethylenediamine; 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine (Dytek-A from DuPont); 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethyl cyclohexane (isophorone diamine); piperazine; 1,4-diaminocyclohexane; bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane; adipic acid dihydrazide; alkylene oxide diamines; dipropylamine diethyleneglycol; N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (or salt thereof); N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminopropionic acid (or salt thereof); and combinations of any thereof.
- chain-terminating components include, for example, compounds having the formula: wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl radical, optionally having a hydroxyl end and R 2 is an alkyl radical, optionally having a hydroxyl end.
- Suitable chain-terminating compounds include compounds such as monoamines or monoalcohols.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, methylamine; ethylamine; propylamine; butylamine; octylamine; laurylamine; stearylamine; isononyloxy-propylamine; dimethylamine; diethylamine; dipropylamine; dibutylamine; N-methylaminopropylamine; diethyl(methyl)aminopropylamine; morpholine; piperidine; diethanolamine; and combinations of any thereof.
- chain terminating alcohols such as, for example, C 1 -C 10 or higher alcohols including, methanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, and the like, and mixtures thereof, as well as aminoalcohols, such as, for example, aminomethylpropanol (AMP).
- C 1 -C 10 or higher alcohols including, methanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, and the like, and mixtures thereof, as well as aminoalcohols, such as, for example, aminomethylpropanol (AMP).
- AMP aminomethylpropanol
- a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may be prepared by reacting components (A1') through (A4') using an acetone process or modification thereof.
- suitable processes may be found, for example, in Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Houben-Weyl, 4th Edition, Volume E20/Part 2, p. 1682, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1987 .
- an acetone process is described below.
- an adduct comprising unreacted isocyanate groups is synthesized from a polyisocyanate component (A1'), a polycarbonate polyol component (A2'), and an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group.
- the adduct is dissolved in an organic, at least partially water-miscible, solvent comprising no isocyanate-reactive groups.
- Suitable solvents include acetone; methylethyl ketone (MEK); 2-butanone; tetrahydrofuran; dioxin; and combinations of any thereof.
- the unreacted isocyanate-containing adduct solution is reacted with mixtures of amino-functional chain-extenders and/or chain-terminators.
- An amino-functional chain-extender may comprise a sulfonic acid group or carboxyl group (in either nonionic acid form or ionic salt form).
- the water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin product is dispersed in the form of a fine-particle dispersion by addition of water to the organic solution or by addition of the organic solution to water.
- the organic solvent is partially or wholly removed by distillation, optionally under reduced pressure.
- a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may be characterized by a glass transition temperature of between -60oC and 0oC, such as, for example, between -40oC and -20oC.
- a dispersion of a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may have a viscosity at 25oC of less than 1000 mPa•s or less than 500 mPa•s, for example, between 50 and 1000 mPa•s or 50 and 500 mPa•s.
- a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may have a number average molecular weight range of 500 to 6000.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be formulated by blending a water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component.
- the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is non-functional.
- the term "non-functional,” with respect to a chemical component of the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein refers to a substantial lack of chemical reactivity with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin components (a).
- a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) does not chemically react with components (a) and/or (b) of the coating composition during radiation curing.
- a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is substantially free of unreacted isocyanate groups, unreacted hydroxyl groups, isocyanate-reactive groups, hydroxyl-reactive groups, (meth)acrylic groups and other functional groups that may be reactive with any functional groups comprising water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin components (a).
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be produced by blending water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b). These components may be blended in aqueous dispersion, aqueous solution, or a combination of aqueous dispersion and aqueous solution, optionally with emulsifiers, dispersants, surfactants, co-solvents, and/or the like.
- water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be provided as separate aqueous dispersions, aqueous solutions, and/or dispersion/solutions in water-miscible solvents, which are combined together to create an aqueous mixture of components (a), and (b). It is also possible to mix any combination of the components (a), and (b) in anhydrous form, or as a solution/dispersion in a non-aqueous water-miscible solvent, and then disperse the mixture of components (a), and/or (b) in water.
- the weight ratio on a solids basis of the water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) the water dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is between 90:10 and 50:50.
- one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may comprise optional components such as, for example, additional water-dilutable resin components based on polymeric polyols.
- Additional water-dilutable resin components based on polymeric polyols may include, for example, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyepoxide polyols, polylactone polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and combinations of any thereof.
- Additional water-dilutable resin components may be formulated in admixture in aqueous solution and/or aqueous dispersion with the resin components (a), and (b).
- one-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) maybe dried and/or radiation cured by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, exposing to high intensity UV radiation through 400 Watt Fusion UV Hg lamps.
- one-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be dried and/or thermally cured by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, air drying, accelerated drying by exposure to heat, and thermal curing by exposure to heat.
- one-component thermally-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be thermally cured by exposure to temperatures of 100°C to 250°C for 15 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention yield, even without the addition of auxiliary substances, physically drying coatings which may be exposed to elevated mechanical loads.
- the coatings are distinguished by their sandability.
- the films cure to yield particularly high quality, scratch resistant and chemical resistant lacquer coatings.
- UV curing is particularly preferred. UV curing is initiated in the presence of photoinitiators.
- Suitable photoinitiators include, for example, aromatic ketone compounds, such as benzophenones, alkylbenzophenones, Michler's ketone, anthrone and halogenated benzophenones.
- Further suitable compounds include, for example, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, phenylglyoxylic acid esters, anthraquinone and the derivatives thereof, benzil ketals and hydroxyalkylphenones.
- Illustrative of additional suitable photoinitiators include 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone; 2- or 3- or 4-bromoacetophenone; 3- or 4-allyl-acetophenone; 2-acetonaphthone; benzaldehyde; benzoin; the alkyl benzoin ethers; benzophenone; benzoquinone; 1-chloroanthraquinone; p-diacetyl-benzene; 9,10-dibromoanthracene 9,10-dichloroanthracene; 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone; thioxanthone; isopropyl-thioxanthone; methylthioxanthone; ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trichloro-para-t-butyl acetophenone; 4-methoxybenzophenone; 3-chloro-8-nonylxanthone; 3-iodo-7-methoxyxanthone; carbazole; 4-
- Irgacure® 184 (1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone), Irgacure® 819 (bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide), Irgacure® 1850 (a 50/50 mixture of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-phosphine oxide and 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone), Irgacure® 1700 (a 25/75 mixture of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-phosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one), Irgacure® 907 (2-methyl-1[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholonopropan-1-one), Darocur MBF (a phenyl)-819 (bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzo
- photoactivators can be used in combination with the aforementioned photoinitiators and that synergistic effects are sometimes achieved when such combinations are used.
- Photoactivators are well known in the art and require no further description to make known what they are and the concentrations at which they are effective.
- photoactivators methylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethanolamine, 2-aminoethylethanolamine, allylamine, cyclohexylamine, cyclopentadienylamine, diphenylamine, ditolylamine, trixylylamine, tribenzylamine, n-cyclohexylethyleneimine, piperidine, N-methylpiperazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis(3-N-morpholinyl)-propionyloxypropane, and mixtures thereof.
- the radiation can be provided by any suitable source such as UV lamps having with or reduced infrared emission or UV lamps fitted with filters to eliminate infrared emissions or so-called LEDs (light-emitting devices) emitting radiation in the wavelength noted.
- suitable commercially available devices include: the Fusion and Nordson high-intensity microwave powered lamps (mercury, iron doped and gallium doped lamps), high-intensity standard arc lamps, the Panacol UV H-254 lamp (available from Panacol-Elosol GmbH) - a 250 W ozone-free, iron doped metal halide lamp with spectral wavelength of from 320 to 450nm; Panacol UVF-450 (320 nm to 450 nm depending on the black, blue or clear filter used); Honle UVA HAND 250 CUL (available from Honle UV America Inc.) - emitting maximum intensity UVA range of -320 to 390 nm; PMP 250 watt metal halide lamp (available from Pro Motor Car Products Inc.); Cure-Tek
- Con-Trol-Cure - UV LED Cure-All 415 available from UV Process Supply Inc. - spectral wavelength of 415 nm with a 2.5 to 7.95 W operating wattage range
- Con-Trol-Cure - UV LED Cure-All 390 available from UV Process Supply Inc.
- UV H253 UV lamp available from UV Light Technologies - the unit contained a 250W iron doped metal halide lamp fitted with a black glass filter to produce a spectral wavelength of between 300 and 400 nm
- Radion RX10 module curing using solid state high intensity UV light source from Phoseon Technology Low intensity microwave UV System Model QUANT-18/36 (available from Quantum Technologies - UV Intensity range: 3-30 mW/cm2; UV Spectral range: 330-390nm); WorkLED (available from Inretech Technologies using 400nm LED arrays); Flashlight MC with 20xLED adapter (available from Inretech Technologies using 400 nm LEDs); and Phillips TL03 lamp with radiation output above 380nm; and sunlight.
- free radical means water-soluble peroxides or aqueous emulsions of non-water soluble initiators are suitable. These free radical formers may be combined with accelerators in a manner known per se.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit microhardness values of no greater than 75 N/mm 2 (Martens/Universal Hardness).
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit microhardness values of no greater than 75 N/mm 2 , 65 N/mm 2 , 55 N/mm 2 , 50 N/mm 2 , 45 N/mm 2 , 35 N/mm 2 , 25 N/mm 2 , 20 N/mm 2 , or 5 N/mm 2 .
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit impact strength values of at least (or greater than) 60 in-lbs (direct and/or reverse, determined according to ASTM D2794 - 93 (2010 ): Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact) ) .
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit impact strength values of at least (or greater than) 100 in-lbs, 120 in-lbs, 140 in-lbs, or 160 in-lbs.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also comprise silane-functional adhesion promoters such as, for example, the adhesion promoters disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6, 403,175 .
- Suitable adhesion promoters include, for example, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane; 3-aminopropylsilane hydrolysate; 3-g+ycidyloxypropyl-triethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane, and combinations of any thereof.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to substrates using any suitable methods, such as, for example, spraying; knife coating; curtain coating; vacuum coating; rolling; pouring; dipping; spin coating; squeegeeing; brushing; squirting; screen printing; gravure printing; flexographic printing; or offset printing.
- Suitable substrates include, for example, glass; wood; metal; paper; leather; textiles; felt; concrete; masonry; ceramic; stone; and plastics such as, for example, moldings and films of ABS, AMMA, ASA, CA, CAB, EP, UF, CF, MF, MPF, PF, PAN, PA, PE, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PET, PMMA, PP, PS, SB, PUR, PVC, RF, SAN, PBT, PPE, POM, PUR-RIM, SMC, BMC, PP-EPDM, and UP (abbreviations according to DIN 7728T1).
- ABS AMMA, ASA, CA, CAB, EP, UF, CF, MF, MPF, PF, PAN, PA, PE, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PET, PMMA, PP, PS, SB, PUR, PVC, RF, SAN, PBT, PPE, POM,
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to substrates comprising combinations of the above materials.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also be applied as undercoatings or overcoatings with other coatings.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also be applied to a temporary substrate support, dried and/or cured partly or fully, and detached from the substrate support to produce free films, for example.
- the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be especially suitable for glass substrates, such as, for example, flat glass, glass panels, and glass containers such as glass jars or glass bottles. Further, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein provide marring resistance and durability, which may be advantageous, for example, during glass container filling operations. Glass substrates comprising the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be characterized by good hand feel.
- the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to glass substrates with or without hot end coating, with or without cold end coating, or both; and with or without a silane pre-treatment of the glass substrates.
- the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may provide design freedom to manufacture transparent, pigmented, high gloss, matte, and frosted looks on glass substrates.
- Suitable representative pigments that may be formulated into the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein include, for example, rutile and anatase titanium dioxide, yellow and red iron oxides, green and blue copper phthalocyanine, carbon blacks, leafing and nonleafing aluminum, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, di-arylide yellow, monoarylide yellow, nickel arylide yellow, benzimidazolone oranges, naphthol reds, quinacridone reds, pearlescent pigments ( e.g ., mica platelets), bronze platelets, nickel platelets, stainless steel platelets, micronized matting agents (e.g ., methylen
- the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied over a label (e.g. pressure-sensitive labels, UV-activated labels, heat transfer labels, and the like) or over a decorative organic and/or inorganic coating that has previously been applied to a glass substrate.
- Suitable decorative organic coatings that may be used with the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein include, for example, EcoBrite Organic Ink (PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and SpecTruLite (Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, OH, USA).
- a primer treatment may be applied to a glass substrate before application of a one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating composition as disclosed herein.
- the primer treatment may be any coating that provides lubrication to protect a glass substrate between the time of manufacture and the time of application of the coating and/or improves the adhesion of the coating to the glass substrate.
- a primer treatment may comprise both a hot end coating and a cold end coating.
- a glass substrate may not have a hot end coating, such that a primer treatment comprises a cold end coating applied only after the substrate has been substantially cooled.
- a primer treatment may comprise a cold end coating, the cold end coating comprising a diluted silane composition or mixture of a silane composition and a surface-treatment composition.
- silane composition suitable for use as a primer on a glass substrate may be used in a primer coating, non-limiting examples of which include monoalkoxy-silanes, dialkoxysilanes, trialkoxysilanes, and tetralkoxysilanes.
- a surface-treatment composition may comprise polyethylene compositions, stearate compositions, or mixtures thereof, which do not require removal before the application of further coatings to the glass substrates.
- Stearate compositions may comprise the salts and esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), such as, for example, a T5 stearate coating (Tegoglas, Arkema, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
- a primer coating may be in the form of an aqueous solution, dispersion, or emulsion.
- a surface-treatment composition may comprise a polyethylene emulsion such as Duracote, Sun Chemical.
- a primer treatment also may comprise additional compositions to improve subsequently applied coatings, non-limiting examples of which include surfactants and lubricants.
- the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may function as a primer coating and a topcoating, providing sufficient lubricity, mar resistance, and toughness for line processing of glass containers.
- One-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a polyester urethane acrylate resin, and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin were prepared as follows. Aqueous dispersions of a polyester urethane acrylate resin were prepared as described in U.S. Patent No.5,684,081 . Bayhydrol® XP 2637 is an anionic aqueous dispersion of an aliphatic polycarbonate-polyurethane resin provided at 38-42% solids content in water without any co-solvent. Polyester urethane acrylate resin dispersion and polycarbonate polyurethane resin dispersion were mixed at different ratios as seen in Table 1.
- Silane pretreatment solution was prepared as follows. 10 g of Silquest A-174 (Momentive Performance Materials, Albany, NY, USA), 10 mL of 1N acetic acid (Fischer Scientific), 1 g of Byk 348 (Byk Chemie) and 1000 g of water were mixed until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. Air side of glass panels were pretreated with silane pretreatment solution by dipping the glass panels into the silane pretreatment solution. The panels were cured at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
- the one-component free radical-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions were tested for impact resistance, microhardness, and adhesion.
- Coatings for impact resistance testing were applied onto Bonderite B1000 cold rolled steel panels using a number 50 wire wound rod.
- Coatings for microhardness testing were applied onto glass disks using an Eppendorf pipettor (80 microliters) and spread over the disks using the pipettor tip.
- Coatings for adhesion testing were applied onto previously silane pretreated 4-inch by 4-inch glass Taber panels using a number 50 wire wound rod.
- the applied coatings were left at room temperature for 45 minutes for water to leave the system. Dried coatings were with Fusion UV equipment under Hg lamp at 20 feet/minute. The coatings applied to the glass disks for microhardness testing were allowed to air-dry under ambient conditions for about 120 minutes before the UV cure. All testing was performed 2 weeks after the applied coatings were removed cured under UV light.
- the film thicknesses of the cured coatings on the steel panels were measured using a Fischerscope MMS instrument according to ASTM D1186-93: Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base . The film thicknesses ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 mils.
- Impact resistance testing was performed according to ASTM D2794 - 93 (2010): Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact) .
- Microhardness (Martens/Universal Hardness) testing was performed on a Fischerscope H100C instrument.
- Adhesion testing was performed according to ASTM D4060-95: Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser . Scribe adhesion testing was performed on glass Taber panels. Two one-inch long scribes diagonal to each other were cut using a utility knife and the adhesion of the film to glass was inspected visually. If no film peeled from the substrate, the coating was marked as "pass".
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Description
- This disclosure relates to one-component free-radical curable waterborne polyurethane coating compositions and to the use of such compositions for coating glass substrates.
- Glass substrates may be coated, for example, to provide a decorative effect or to enhance substrate properties. For instance, glass substrates may be coated to provide anti-shattering properties, abrasion resistance, increased elasticity, solvent resistance, and/or alkali resistance. Glass containers, for example, may benefit from clear coatings that provide mechanical protection to the external surfaces to help minimize mechanical damage, such as scuffing or marring, to the containers during transportation, storage, filling operations, and distribution. In addition, glass containers may be coated to increase the aesthetics of the glass containers. Free radical cure using radiation and/or thermal energy increases the line speeds of glass decoration operations.
US 5 684 081 discloses a polyurethane coating composition comprising a free radically curable polyurethane resin. However, said coating composition lacks a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.US 2011/045219 discloses a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin which may be non-functional. However, neither document discloses the particular mixture of both components which achieves a superior cross-hatch adhesion. - Embodiments disclosed in this specification are directed to free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions. The free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprise a waterborne unsaturated polyurethane resin, and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- In various embodiments, an aqueous polyurethane coating composition comprises: (a) a water-dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin; and (b) a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin. The water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin (a) comprises a reaction product of: (A1) 40-90% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 20-350 mg of KOH/g and (B1) 0.1-20 wt% of one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain ionic or potentially ionic groups and/or have a dispersant action due to non-ionic groups with (C1) 10-50 wt% of one or more polyisocyanates (D1) 0.0-30 wt% of polyols together with a subsequent reaction with 0.1-10 wt% of one or more di- and/or polyamines; wherein components (a) and (b) are present in a weight ratio between 90:10 and 50:50 measured on a solids basis. The polycarbonate-polyurethane resin (b) is non-functional.
- It is understood that the invention disclosed and described in this specification is not limited to the embodiments summarized in this Summary.
- Various embodiments are described and illustrated in this specification to provide an overall understanding of the structure, function, operation, manufacture, and use of the disclosed products and processes. The features and characteristics illustrated and/or described in connection with various embodiments may be combined with the features and characteristics of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this specification. As such, the claims may be amended to recite any features or characteristics expressly or inherently described in, or otherwise expressly or inherently supported by, this specification The various embodiments disclosed and described in this specification can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the features and characteristics as variously described herein.
- The grammatical articles "one", "a", "an", and "the", as used in this specification, are intended to include "at least one" or "one or more", unless otherwise indicated. Thus, the articles are used in this specification to refer to one or more than one (i.e., to "at least one") of the grammatical objects of the article. By way of example, "a component" means one or more components, and thus, possibly, more than one component is contemplated and may be employed or used in an implementation of the described embodiments. Further, the use of a singular noun includes the plural, and the use of a plural noun includes the singular, unless the context of the usage requires otherwise.
- The various embodiments disclosed and described in this specification provide free radical curable waterborne (i.e., aqueous) polyurethane coating compositions that exhibit properties beneficial for substrates such as, for example, glass substrates. The free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein provide cured coating films exhibiting increased flexibility, increased impact resistance, good substrate adhesion in severe environments, increased abrasion resistance and increased solvent resistance. The free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions provide beneficial properties to substrates such as, for example, glass substrates.
- One-component coating compositions comprise pre-mixed compositions that have acceptable pot-life and storage stability, and are applied to substrates and cured under specific conditions such as, for example, upon exposure to thermal energy, electron beam or ultraviolet light. One-component systems include, for example, all the components of the formulation being mixed together and are stable until heat and/or radiation is applied to the formulation. In contrast, two-component coating compositions comprise two separate and mutually reactive components that are mixed immediately prior to application to substrate. The separate components respectively contain ingredients that are reactive under ambient conditions and that begin appreciable formation of cured resin immediately upon mixture. Therefore, the two components must remain separated until immediately before application due to limited pot-life.
- The water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins are based on acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups. The water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention are produced by polyaddition of (A1). 40-90 wt. %, preferably 50-80 wt. %, of one or more acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 20-350 mg, preferably 40-120 mg of KOH/g and (B1). 0.1-20 wt. %, preferably 2-15 wt. %, of one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain groups which are cationic, anionic and/or have a dispersant action due to ether groups with (C1). 10-50 wt. %, preferably 15-40 wt. % of one or more polyisocyanates (D1). 0.0-30 wt. %, preferably 0.0-20 wt. % of a polyol together with a subsequent reaction with (E1). 0.1-10 wt. %, preferably 0.5-7 wt. %, of one or more di- and/or polyamines.
- The water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention are used as lacquer binders.
- The acrylate prepolymers (A1) may be polyester acrylate prepolymers, polyether acrylate prepolymers, or polycarbonate acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups. Alternatively, it is also possible to use polyepoxy acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups or polyurethane acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups. In one embodiment, mixtures of the above-mentioned prepolymers may be used.
- Polyester acrylate prepolymers are polycondensation products derived from polycarboxylic or if available the anhydrides thereof (adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and phthalic acid may be cited by way of example), di- and/or more highly functional polyols (such as for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythrite, alkoxylated di- or polyols etc.) and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid. After polycondensation, excess carboxyl groups may be reacted with epoxides. Production of the polyester acrylate prepolymers A containing hydroxyl groups is described in
U.S.-PS-42 06 205 ,DE-OS-40 40 290 DE-OS-33 16 592 DE-OS-37 04 098 - Compounds (B1) which have a dispersant action effected cationically, anionically and/or by ether groups are those containing, for example, sulphonium, ammonium, carboxylate, sulphonate and/or polyether groups and are incorporated into the macromolecule by the presence of isocyanate-reactive groups. Preferred suitable isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxyl and amine groups. Representatives of compounds (B1) are bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, malic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, 2-aminoethylaminoethanesulphonic acid, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols started on alcohols. Bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid and polyethylene glycol 750 monomethyl ether are particularly suitable.
- Polyaddition may proceed with aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates (C1). Mixtures of such polyisocyanates (C1) may also be used. Examples of suitable polyisocyanates (C1) are tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,3,3-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4- or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane 4,4',4"-triisocyanate, together with polyisocyanates produced by the trimerization or oligomerization of diisocyanates or by the reaction of diisocyanates with polyfunctional compounds containing hydroxyl or amine groups. Such compounds include the isocyanurate of hexamethylene diisocyanate. Further suitable compounds are blocked, reversibly capped polydisisocyanates, such as 1,3,5-tris-6-(1-methylpropylidene aminoxy carbonylamino)hexyl-2,4,6-trioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine. Hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate and the mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- As polyols (D1) it is possible to use substances with a molecular weight up to 5000. Such polyols are e.g. propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexane diol. Examples for higher molecular weight polyols are the well-known polyesterpolyols, polyetherpolyols and polycarbonatepolyols which should have an average OH-functionality of 1.8-2,2. If appropriate it is also possible to use monofunctional alcohols such as ethanol and butanol.
- Di- and/or polyamines (E1) are used to increase molecular weight. Since this reaction proceeds in the aqueous medium, the di- and/or polyamines (E1) must be more reactive towards the isocyanate groups than is water. Compounds which may be cited by way of example are ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine, aminofunctional polyethylene oxide esp. polypropylene oxide (known as Jeffamine®, D-series), triethylenetetramine and hydrazine. Ethylenediamine is particularly preferred.
- It is also possible to add certain proportions of monoamines, and as for example butylamine, ethylamine and amines of the Jeffamine® M series-aminofunctional polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides.
- The water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention may be produced using any known prior art methods, such as emulsifier/shear force, acetone, prepolymer mixing, melt/emulsification, ketimine and solid spontaneous dispersion methods or derivatives thereof (c.f. Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Houben-Weyl, 4th edition, volume E20/part 2, page 1682, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1987). Experience has shown that the acetone method is the most suitable.
- Components (A1), (B1) and (D1) are initially introduced into the reactor in order to produce the intermediates (polyester acrylate/urethane solutions), diluted with a solvent which is miscible with water but inert towards isocyanate groups and heated to relatively elevated temperatures, in particular in the range from 50° to 120°C. Suitable solvents are acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Catalysts known to accelerate the isocyanate addition reaction may also be initially introduced, for example triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane, tin dioctoate or dibutyltin dilaurate. The polyisocyanate and/or polyisocyanates (C1) are added to these mixtures. The ratio of moles of all hydroxyl groups to moles of all isocyanate groups is generally between 0.3 and 0.95, in particular between 0.4 and 0.9.
- Once the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane solutions have been produced from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1), the compound B1 centers having an anionic or cationic dispersant action undergo salt formation, unless this has already occurred in the starting molecules. In the case of anionic centers, bases such as ammonia, triethylamine, triethanolamine, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate may advantageously be used, while in the case of cationic centers, sulphuric acid dimethyl ester or succinic acid may advantageously be used. If compounds B1 having ether groups are used, the neutralization stage is omitted.
- In the final reaction stage, in which an increase in molecular weight and the formation of the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins occur in the aqueous medium, the polyurethane solutions prepared from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) are either vigorously stirred into the dispersion water containing the polyamine and/or polyamines (E1) or, conversely, the dispersion water/polyamine (E1) mixture is stirred into the polyester urethane solutions prepared from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1). Molecular weight is then increased by the reaction of the isocyanate groups still present in the reaction products prepared from (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) with the amine hydrogens. The dispersions according to the invention are also formed. The quantity of polyamine (E1) used is dependent upon the unreacted isocyanate groups which are still present.
- If desired, the solvent may be removed by distillation. The dispersions then have a solids content of 20-60 wt. %, in particular of 30-55 wt. %.
- External emulsifiers can additionally be added to stabilize the dispersions.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) of the aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may comprise a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin. As used herein, the term "polycarbonate-polyurethane resin" refers to oligomeric or polymeric macromolecules comprising carbonate groups and at least one of urethane groups or urea groups. Suitable polycarbonate-polyurethane resins include the aliphatic polycarbonate-polyurethane resin dispersions in water that are commercially available from Bayer MaterialScience, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, under the Bayhydrol® trademark.
- A water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may comprise a reaction product of: (A1') a polyisocyanate component; (A2') a polycarbonate polyol component; and (A3') an isocyanate-reactive component comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise a monomeric organic diisocyanate represented by the formula, R(NCO)2, in which R represents an organic group. In various non-limiting embodiments, R represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Examples of suitable monomeric diisocyanates include, for example: 1,4-tetra-methylene diisocyanate; 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,3- diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate; 1-isocyanato-2-isocyanatomethyl cyclopentane; 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate), bis-(4-isocyanato-cyclohexyl)-methane; 1,3- and 1,4-bis-(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane; bis-(4-isocyanatocyclo-hexyl)-methane; 2,4'-diisocyanato-dicyclohexyl methane; bis-(4-isocyanato-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane; α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-1,3- and/or -1,4-xylylene diisocyanate; 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4(3)-isocyanatomethyl cyclohexane; 2,4- and/or 2,6-hexahydro-toluylene diisocyanate; 1,3- and/or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate; 2,4- and/or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate; 2,2'-, 2,4'-, and/or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate; isomers of any thereof; and combinations of any thereof.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the polyisocyanate component may comprise a monomeric isocyanate comprising three or more isocyanate groups such as, for example, 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octamethylene diisocyanate. The polyisocyanate component may comprise polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates obtained by phosgenating aniline/formaldehyde condensates. The polyisocyanate component may also comprise aromatic isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups, such as, for example, 4,4',4"-triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
- The polyisocyanate component (A1') may also comprise diisocyanate adducts and/or oligomers comprising urethane groups, urea groups, uretdione groups, uretonimine groups, isocyanurate groups, iminooxadiazine dione groups, oxadiazine trione groups, carbodiimide groups, acyl urea groups, biuret groups, and/or allophanate groups. For example, the polyisocyanate component may include:
- (1) Isocyanurate group-containing polyisocyanates that may be prepared as set forth in
DE-PS 2,616,416 ;EP-OS 3,765 EP-OS 10,589 EP-OS 47,452 U.S. Patent No. 4,288,586 ; andU.S. Patent No. 4,324,879 ; - (2) Uretdione diisocyanates that may be prepared by oligomerizing a portion of the isocyanate groups of a diisocyanate in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g., a trialkyl phosphine catalyst, and which may optionally be used in admixture with other isocyanates, particularly the isocyanurate group-containing polyisocyanates set forth under (1) above;
- (3) Biuret group-containing polyisocyanates that may be prepared according to the processes disclosed in
U.S. Patent. Nos. 3,124,605 ;3,358,010 ;3,644,490 ;3,862,973 ;3,906,126 ;3,903,127 ;4,051,165 ;4,147,714 ; and4,220,749 , by using co-reactants such as water, tertiary alcohols, primary and secondary monoamines, and primary and/or secondary diamines; - (4) Iminooxadiazine dione and, optionally, isocyanurate group-containing polyisocyanates, that may be prepared in the presence of fluorine-containing catalysts as described in
DE-A 19611849 ; - (5) Carbodiimide group-containing polyisocyanates that may be prepared by oligomerizing diisocyanates in the presence of carbodiimidization catalysts as described in
DE-PS 1,092,007 ;U.S. Patent No. 3,152,162 ; andDE-OS 2,504,400 DE-OS 2,537,685 DE-OS 2,552,350 - (6) Polyisocyanates containing oxadiazinetrione groups, e.g., the reaction product of two moles of a diisocyanate and one mole of carbon dioxide.
- Polyisocyanate components (A1') comprising diisocyanate adducts and/or oligomers may have an average isocyanate group functionality of 2 to 6 or 2 to 4, for example. Polyisocyanate components (A1') comprising diisocyanate adducts and oligomers may have an average isocyanate (NCO) content of 5% to 30%, 10% to 25%, or 15% to 25%, by weight of the component.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the polyisocyanate component (A1') may be a monomeric (cyclo)aliphatic diisocyanate such as, for example, a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI); 4,4'-diisocyanato-dicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI); 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane; isomers of any thereof; and combinations of any thereof. For example, in various non-limiting embodiments, H12MDI may be used to produce (c) water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin. In various non-limiting embodiments, the polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise 50 to 100 weight percent of aliphatic diisocyanate and 0 to 50 weight percent of other aliphatic polyisocyanates having a molecular weight of 140 to 1500, such as, for example, diisocyanate adduct and/or oligomer.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, a polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise any one or more of the polyisocyanate components (C1) described above in connection with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins. For example, a polyisocyanate component (A1') may comprise at least one of HDI, IPDI, H12MDI, 1-methyl-2,4(2,6)-diisocyanatocyclohexane, and/or adducts of these diisocyanates comprising isocyanurate, uretdione, biuret, and/or iminooxadiazine dione groups as described above.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, a polycarbonate polyol component (A2') may comprise a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and phosgene or a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and diesters of carbonic acid. Suitable polyhydric alcohols include, for example, diols such as 1,3-propanediol; ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; 1,4-propanediol; diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol; tetraethylene glycol; 1,4-butanediol; 1,6-hexanediol; trimethylenepentanediol; 1,4-cyclohexanediol; 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; neopentyl glycol; 1,8-octanediol; and combinations of any thereof. Suitable polyhydric alcohols also include, for example, tri-functional and multi-functional hydroxyl compounds such as glycerol; trimethylolpropane; trimethylolethane; hexanetriol isomers; pentaerythritol; and combinations of any thereof. Tri-functional and multi-functional hydroxyl compounds may be used to produce a polycarbonate polyol having a branched structure.
- A polycarbonate polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of 1 to 5, or any sub-range therein, such as, for example, 1 to 2, 1.5 to 2.5, 1.2 to 2.2, or 1.8 to 2.2. A polycarbonate polyol may have an average molecular weight of 300 to 10000 or any sub-range therein, such as, for example, 300 to 5000, 1000 to 8000, 1000 to 6000, 2000 to 6000, 500 to 6000, 500 to 3000, or 1000 to 3000. A polycarbonate polyol may have an OH number of 25 to 350 mg KOH/g solids.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise an ionic group or potentially ionic group may at least partially impart water-dilutability (e.g., aqueous solubility or aqueous dispersability) to water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resins by covalently incorporating into the macromolecules, increasing the hydrophilicity of the macromolecules. The isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may comprise at least one ionic group or potentially ionic group, which may be either cationic or anionic in nature. The isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may also comprise at least one isocyanate-reactive group such as, for example, a hydroxyl group and/or an amine group. The isocyanate-reactive functionality of the isocyanate-reactive component (A2') and the hydroxyl functionality of the polycarbonate polyol component (A2') may react with the isocyanate functionality of the polyisocyanate component (A1') to, at least in part, produce a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin.
- Cationic and anionic isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include compounds comprising, for example, sulfonium groups, ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, carboxylate groups, sulfonate groups, phosphonate groups, or the corresponding non-ionic acid groups (i.e., potentially ionic groups) that can be converted by deprotonation (i.e., salt formation) into these groups.
- Suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include, for example, mono-hydroxycarboxylic acids; di-hydroxycarboxylic acids; mono-aminocarboxylic acids; di-aminocarboxylic acids; mono-hydroxysulfonic acids; di-hydroxysulfonic acids; mono-aminosulfonic acids; di-aminosulfonic acids; mono-hydroxyphosphonic; di-hydroxyphosphonic acids; mono-aminophosphonic acids; di-aminophosphonic acids; their ionic salts; and combinations of any thereof.
- Suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include, for example, dimethylolpropionic acid; dimethylolbutyric acid; hydroxypivalic acid; N-(2-aminoethyl)-β-alanine; ethylenediame-propyl- or butyl-sulfonic acid; 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine-β-ethylsulfonic acid; citric acid; glycolic acid; lactic acid; 2-aminoethylaminoethanesulfonic acid; glycine; alanine; taurine; lysine; 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid; an adduct of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and acrylic acid (see, e.g., European Patent No.
916,647 2,446,440 ). - Likewise, suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include, for example, other 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkane-carboxylic acids such as dimethylolacetic acid and 2,2-dimethylolpentanoic acid. In addition, suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include dihydroxysuccinic acid, Michael adducts of acrylic acid with amines such as isophoronediamine or hexamethylenediamine, or mixtures of such acids and/or dimethylolpropionic acid and/or hydroxypivalic acid. Further, suitable isocyanate-reactive components (A3') include sulfonic acid diols optionally comprising ether groups, for example, the compounds described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,814 . - In various non-limiting embodiments, the water- polycarbonate-polyurethane resin comprises a reaction product of components (A1'), (A2'), and an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') possessing carboxyl or carboxylate groups, sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, and/or ammonium groups. The isocyanate-reactive component (A3') may be incorporated into water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin macromolecules by urethane-forming and/or urea-forming reactions between the isocyanate-reactive groups and the isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component (A1').
- In various non-limiting embodiments, an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise any one or more of the components (B1) described above in connection with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins. For example, an isocyanate-reactive component comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group may comprise at least one of dimethylolpropionic acid; dimethylolbutyric acid; and/or hydroxypivalic acid.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, an optional isocyanate-reactive component (A4') may comprise, for example, chain extenders and/or chain terminators. A chain-extending and/or chain-terminating component may comprise an ionic group or potentially ionic group and at least one group that is reactive with isocyanate groups in an addition reaction. Examples of chain-extending components include, for example, methylenediamine; ethylenediamine; propylenediamine; 1,4-butylenediamine; 1,6-hexamethylenediamine; 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine (Dytek-A from DuPont); 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethyl cyclohexane (isophorone diamine); piperazine; 1,4-diaminocyclohexane; bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane; adipic acid dihydrazide; alkylene oxide diamines; dipropylamine diethyleneglycol; N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (or salt thereof); N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminopropionic acid (or salt thereof); and combinations of any thereof.
- Examples of chain-terminating components include, for example, compounds having the formula:
- A water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may be prepared by reacting components (A1') through (A4') using an acetone process or modification thereof. A description of suitable processes may be found, for example, in Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Houben-Weyl, 4th Edition, Volume E20/Part 2, p. 1682, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1987.
- A non-limiting example of an acetone process is described below. In a first stage an adduct comprising unreacted isocyanate groups is synthesized from a polyisocyanate component (A1'), a polycarbonate polyol component (A2'), and an isocyanate-reactive component (A3') comprising an ionic group or potentially ionic group. In a second stage, the adduct is dissolved in an organic, at least partially water-miscible, solvent comprising no isocyanate-reactive groups. Suitable solvents include acetone; methylethyl ketone (MEK); 2-butanone; tetrahydrofuran; dioxin; and combinations of any thereof. In a third stage, the unreacted isocyanate-containing adduct solution is reacted with mixtures of amino-functional chain-extenders and/or chain-terminators. An amino-functional chain-extender may comprise a sulfonic acid group or carboxyl group (in either nonionic acid form or ionic salt form). In a fourth stage, the water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin product is dispersed in the form of a fine-particle dispersion by addition of water to the organic solution or by addition of the organic solution to water. In a fifth stage, the organic solvent is partially or wholly removed by distillation, optionally under reduced pressure.
- A water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may be characterized by a glass transition temperature of between -60ºC and 0ºC, such as, for example, between -40ºC and -20ºC. A dispersion of a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may have a viscosity at 25ºC of less than 1000 mPa•s or less than 500 mPa•s, for example, between 50 and 1000 mPa•s or 50 and 500 mPa•s. A water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin may have a number average molecular weight range of 500 to 6000.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be formulated by blending a water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is non-functional. As used herein, the term "non-functional," with respect to a chemical component of the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein, refers to a substantial lack of chemical reactivity with water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin components (a). For example, a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) does not chemically react with components (a) and/or (b) of the coating composition during radiation curing. In this manner, a non-functional polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is substantially free of unreacted isocyanate groups, unreacted hydroxyl groups, isocyanate-reactive groups, hydroxyl-reactive groups, (meth)acrylic groups and other functional groups that may be reactive with any functional groups comprising water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin components (a).
- The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be produced by blending water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b). These components may be blended in aqueous dispersion, aqueous solution, or a combination of aqueous dispersion and aqueous solution, optionally with emulsifiers, dispersants, surfactants, co-solvents, and/or the like. For instance, water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be provided as separate aqueous dispersions, aqueous solutions, and/or dispersion/solutions in water-miscible solvents, which are combined together to create an aqueous mixture of components (a), and (b). It is also possible to mix any combination of the components (a), and (b) in anhydrous form, or as a solution/dispersion in a non-aqueous water-miscible solvent, and then disperse the mixture of components (a), and/or (b) in water.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the weight ratio on a solids basis of the water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) the water dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) is between 90:10 and 50:50.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may comprise optional components such as, for example, additional water-dilutable resin components based on polymeric polyols. Additional water-dilutable resin components based on polymeric polyols may include, for example, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyepoxide polyols, polylactone polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and combinations of any thereof. Additional water-dilutable resin components may be formulated in admixture in aqueous solution and/or aqueous dispersion with the resin components (a), and (b).
- In various non-limiting embodiments, one-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) maybe dried and/or radiation cured by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, exposing to high intensity UV radiation through 400 Watt Fusion UV Hg lamps.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, one-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be dried and/or thermally cured by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, air drying, accelerated drying by exposure to heat, and thermal curing by exposure to heat. For example, in various non-limiting embodiments, one-component thermally-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a water dilutable ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resin component (a) and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) may be thermally cured by exposure to temperatures of 100°C to 250°C for 15 minutes to 60 minutes.
- Once the water has evaporated, the water-dilutable, ethylenically unsaturated polyurethane resins according to the invention yield, even without the addition of auxiliary substances, physically drying coatings which may be exposed to elevated mechanical loads. In particular, the coatings are distinguished by their sandability. When subsequently crosslinked by radiation and/or free radical means, the films cure to yield particularly high quality, scratch resistant and chemical resistant lacquer coatings.
- In the case of radiation-induced polymerization (UV or electron beam), UV curing is particularly preferred. UV curing is initiated in the presence of photoinitiators. Suitable photoinitiators include, for example, aromatic ketone compounds, such as benzophenones, alkylbenzophenones, Michler's ketone, anthrone and halogenated benzophenones. Further suitable compounds include, for example, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, phenylglyoxylic acid esters, anthraquinone and the derivatives thereof, benzil ketals and hydroxyalkylphenones. Illustrative of additional suitable photoinitiators include 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone; 2- or 3- or 4-bromoacetophenone; 3- or 4-allyl-acetophenone; 2-acetonaphthone; benzaldehyde; benzoin; the alkyl benzoin ethers; benzophenone; benzoquinone; 1-chloroanthraquinone; p-diacetyl-benzene; 9,10-dibromoanthracene 9,10-dichloroanthracene; 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone; thioxanthone; isopropyl-thioxanthone; methylthioxanthone; α,α,α-trichloro-para-t-butyl acetophenone; 4-methoxybenzophenone; 3-chloro-8-nonylxanthone; 3-iodo-7-methoxyxanthone; carbazole; 4-chloro-4'-benzylbenzophenone; fluoroene; fluoroenone; 1,4-naphthylphenylketone; 1,3-pentanedione; 2,2-di-sec.-butoxy acetophenone; dimethoxyphenyl acetophenone; propiophenone; isopropylthioxanthone; chlorothioxanthone; xanthone; maleimides and their derivatives ; and mixtures thereof. There are several suitable photoinitiators commercially available from Ciba including Irgacure® 184 (1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone), Irgacure® 819 (bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide), Irgacure® 1850 (a 50/50 mixture of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-phosphine oxide and 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone), Irgacure® 1700 (a 25/75 mixture of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-phosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one), Irgacure® 907 (2-methyl-1[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholonopropan-1-one), Darocur MBF (a phenyl glyoxylic acid methyl ester), Irgacure® 2022 Photoinitiator blend (20% by weight of phenylbis(2,3,6-trimethyl benzoyl)phosphine oxide and 80% by weight of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone) and Darocur 4265 (a 50/50 mixture of bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one). Mixtures of the foregoing photoinitiators may also be used. The foregoing lists are meant to be illustrative only and are not meant to exclude any suitable photoinitiators.
- Those skilled in the art of photochemistry are fully aware that photoactivators can be used in combination with the aforementioned photoinitiators and that synergistic effects are sometimes achieved when such combinations are used. Photoactivators are well known in the art and require no further description to make known what they are and the concentrations at which they are effective. Nonetheless, one can mention as illustrative of suitable photoactivators, methylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethanolamine, 2-aminoethylethanolamine, allylamine, cyclohexylamine, cyclopentadienylamine, diphenylamine, ditolylamine, trixylylamine, tribenzylamine, n-cyclohexylethyleneimine, piperidine, N-methylpiperazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis(3-N-morpholinyl)-propionyloxypropane, and mixtures thereof.
- The radiation can be provided by any suitable source such as UV lamps having with or reduced infrared emission or UV lamps fitted with filters to eliminate infrared emissions or so-called LEDs (light-emitting devices) emitting radiation in the wavelength noted. Particularly useful commercially available devices include: the Fusion and Nordson high-intensity microwave powered lamps (mercury, iron doped and gallium doped lamps), high-intensity standard arc lamps, the Panacol UV H-254 lamp (available from Panacol-Elosol GmbH) - a 250 W ozone-free, iron doped metal halide lamp with spectral wavelength of from 320 to 450nm; Panacol UVF-450 (320 nm to 450 nm depending on the black, blue or clear filter used); Honle UVA HAND 250 CUL (available from Honle UV America Inc.) - emitting maximum intensity UVA range of -320 to 390 nm; PMP 250 watt metal halide lamp (available from Pro Motor Car Products Inc.); Cure-Tek UVA-400 (available from H&S Autoshot) which has a 400-watt metal halide bulb and the lamp assembly can be fitted with different filters like blue, light blue or clear to control/eliminate the infra-red radiation from the lamp source); Con-Trol-Cure Scarab-250 UV-A shop lamp system (available from UV Process Supply Inc. - has a 250W iron doped metal halide lamp with a spectral wavelength output of 320 to 450 nm); Con-Trol-Cure - UV LED Cure-All 415 (available from UV Process Supply Inc. - spectral wavelength of 415 nm with a 2.5 to 7.95 W operating wattage range); Con-Trol-Cure - UV LED Cure-All 390 (available from UV Process Supply Inc. - spectral wavelength of 390 nm with a 2.76 to 9.28 W operating wattage range); UV H253 UV lamp (available from UV Light Technologies - the unit contained a 250W iron doped metal halide lamp fitted with a black glass filter to produce a spectral wavelength of between 300 and 400 nm); Radion RX10 module curing using solid state high intensity UV light source from Phoseon Technology; Low intensity microwave UV System Model QUANT-18/36 (available from Quantum Technologies - UV Intensity range: 3-30 mW/cm2; UV Spectral range: 330-390nm); WorkLED (available from Inretech Technologies using 400nm LED arrays); Flashlight MC with 20xLED adapter (available from Inretech Technologies using 400 nm LEDs); and Phillips TL03 lamp with radiation output above 380nm; and sunlight.
- If curing proceeds by free radical means, water-soluble peroxides or aqueous emulsions of non-water soluble initiators are suitable. These free radical formers may be combined with accelerators in a manner known per se.
- The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit microhardness values of no greater than 75 N/mm2 (Martens/Universal Hardness). In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit microhardness values of no greater than 75 N/mm2, 65 N/mm2, 55 N/mm2, 50 N/mm2, 45 N/mm2, 35 N/mm2, 25 N/mm2, 20 N/mm2, or 5 N/mm2.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit impact strength values of at least (or greater than) 60 in-lbs (direct and/or reverse, determined according to ASTM D2794 - 93 (2010): Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)). In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may produce cured coating films that exhibit impact strength values of at least (or greater than) 100 in-lbs, 120 in-lbs, 140 in-lbs, or 160 in-lbs.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also comprise silane-functional adhesion promoters such as, for example, the adhesion promoters disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 6, 403,175 . Suitable adhesion promoters include, for example, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane; 3-aminopropylsilane hydrolysate; 3-g+ycidyloxypropyl-triethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane, and combinations of any thereof. - The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to substrates using any suitable methods, such as, for example, spraying; knife coating; curtain coating; vacuum coating; rolling; pouring; dipping; spin coating; squeegeeing; brushing; squirting; screen printing; gravure printing; flexographic printing; or offset printing. Suitable substrates include, for example, glass; wood; metal; paper; leather; textiles; felt; concrete; masonry; ceramic; stone; and plastics such as, for example, moldings and films of ABS, AMMA, ASA, CA, CAB, EP, UF, CF, MF, MPF, PF, PAN, PA, PE, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PET, PMMA, PP, PS, SB, PUR, PVC, RF, SAN, PBT, PPE, POM, PUR-RIM, SMC, BMC, PP-EPDM, and UP (abbreviations according to DIN 7728T1). The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to substrates comprising combinations of the above materials. The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also be applied as undercoatings or overcoatings with other coatings. The one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may also be applied to a temporary substrate support, dried and/or cured partly or fully, and detached from the substrate support to produce free films, for example.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be especially suitable for glass substrates, such as, for example, flat glass, glass panels, and glass containers such as glass jars or glass bottles. Further, the one-component free-radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein provide marring resistance and durability, which may be advantageous, for example, during glass container filling operations. Glass substrates comprising the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be characterized by good hand feel. The one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied to glass substrates with or without hot end coating, with or without cold end coating, or both; and with or without a silane pre-treatment of the glass substrates.
- The one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may provide design freedom to manufacture transparent, pigmented, high gloss, matte, and frosted looks on glass substrates. Suitable representative pigments that may be formulated into the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein include, for example, rutile and anatase titanium dioxide, yellow and red iron oxides, green and blue copper phthalocyanine, carbon blacks, leafing and nonleafing aluminum, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, di-arylide yellow, monoarylide yellow, nickel arylide yellow, benzimidazolone oranges, naphthol reds, quinacridone reds, pearlescent pigments (e.g., mica platelets), bronze platelets, nickel platelets, stainless steel platelets, micronized matting agents (e.g., methylenediamino-methylether-polycondensate), and combinations of any thereof.
- The one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may be applied over a label (e.g. pressure-sensitive labels, UV-activated labels, heat transfer labels, and the like) or over a decorative organic and/or inorganic coating that has previously been applied to a glass substrate. Suitable decorative organic coatings that may be used with the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein include, for example, EcoBrite Organic Ink (PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and SpecTruLite (Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, OH, USA).
- A primer treatment may be applied to a glass substrate before application of a one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating composition as disclosed herein. The primer treatment may be any coating that provides lubrication to protect a glass substrate between the time of manufacture and the time of application of the coating and/or improves the adhesion of the coating to the glass substrate. A primer treatment may comprise both a hot end coating and a cold end coating. A glass substrate may not have a hot end coating, such that a primer treatment comprises a cold end coating applied only after the substrate has been substantially cooled. A primer treatment may comprise a cold end coating, the cold end coating comprising a diluted silane composition or mixture of a silane composition and a surface-treatment composition. Any silane composition suitable for use as a primer on a glass substrate may be used in a primer coating, non-limiting examples of which include monoalkoxy-silanes, dialkoxysilanes, trialkoxysilanes, and tetralkoxysilanes.
- A surface-treatment composition may comprise polyethylene compositions, stearate compositions, or mixtures thereof, which do not require removal before the application of further coatings to the glass substrates. Stearate compositions may comprise the salts and esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), such as, for example, a T5 stearate coating (Tegoglas, Arkema, Philadelphia, PA, USA). A primer coating may be in the form of an aqueous solution, dispersion, or emulsion. For example, a surface-treatment composition may comprise a polyethylene emulsion such as Duracote, Sun Chemical. A primer treatment also may comprise additional compositions to improve subsequently applied coatings, non-limiting examples of which include surfactants and lubricants.
- In various non-limiting embodiments, the one-component free radically-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions disclosed herein may function as a primer coating and a topcoating, providing sufficient lubricity, mar resistance, and toughness for line processing of glass containers.
- The non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples that follow are intended to further describe various non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments without restricting the scope of the embodiments described in this specification. In the following examples, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
- One-component free radical curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions comprising a polyester urethane acrylate resin, and a polycarbonate-polyurethane resin were prepared as follows. Aqueous dispersions of a polyester urethane acrylate resin were prepared as described in
U.S. Patent No.5,684,081 . Bayhydrol® XP 2637 is an anionic aqueous dispersion of an aliphatic polycarbonate-polyurethane resin provided at 38-42% solids content in water without any co-solvent. Polyester urethane acrylate resin dispersion and polycarbonate polyurethane resin dispersion were mixed at different ratios as seen in Table 1. - Byk 028 (Byk Chemie), Irgacure 500 (BASF Corporation),Dowanol PnB (Dow) and water were added with continuous stirring to the aqueous mixtures of the polyester urethane acrylate resin, and the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin. The resulting mixtures were agitated using a mechanical mixer until homogeneous mixtures were obtained. The homogeneous mixtures were deaerated and stored overnight before use. The mixtures were prepared according to the formulations provided in Tables 1 (parts by weight, solvent weight included).
- Silane pretreatment solution was prepared as follows. 10 g of Silquest A-174 (Momentive Performance Materials, Albany, NY, USA), 10 mL of 1N acetic acid (Fischer Scientific), 1 g of Byk 348 (Byk Chemie) and 1000 g of water were mixed until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. Air side of glass panels were pretreated with silane pretreatment solution by dipping the glass panels into the silane pretreatment solution. The panels were cured at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
Table 1 Formulations A B C D E F G polyester urethane acrylate resin dispersion 83.61 79.43 75.25 62.71 41.81 20.90 4.18 polycarbonate-polyurethane resin dispersion 0.00 4.18 8.36 20.90 41.81 62.71 79.43 Byk 028 (defoamer) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Irgacure 500 (photointiator) 0.84 0.79 0.75 0.63 0.42 0.21 0.05 Dowanol PnB (cosolvent) 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 Water 12.79 12.84 12.88 13.00 13.20 13.39 13.55 Binder Resin Component Weight Ratios polyester urethane acrylate resin/ polycarbonate polyurethane resin (wt/wt on solids) 100/0 95/5 90/10 75/25 50/50 25/75 5/95 Coating Properties Direct Impact (in-lbs) 100 100 160 160 160 160 160 Reverse Impact (in-lbs) 60 100 140 160 160 160 160 Microhardness (N/mm2) 64 58 51 44 24 12 6 Scribe adhesion Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass - The one-component free radical-curable aqueous polyurethane coating compositions were tested for impact resistance, microhardness, and adhesion. Coatings for impact resistance testing were applied onto Bonderite B1000 cold rolled steel panels using a number 50 wire wound rod. Coatings for microhardness testing were applied onto glass disks using an Eppendorf pipettor (80 microliters) and spread over the disks using the pipettor tip. Coatings for adhesion testing were applied onto previously silane pretreated 4-inch by 4-inch glass Taber panels using a number 50 wire wound rod.
- The applied coatings were left at room temperature for 45 minutes for water to leave the system. Dried coatings were with Fusion UV equipment under Hg lamp at 20 feet/minute. The coatings applied to the glass disks for microhardness testing were allowed to air-dry under ambient conditions for about 120 minutes before the UV cure. All testing was performed 2 weeks after the applied coatings were removed cured under UV light. The film thicknesses of the cured coatings on the steel panels were measured using a Fischerscope MMS instrument according to ASTM D1186-93: Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base . The film thicknesses ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 mils.
- Impact resistance testing was performed according to ASTM D2794 - 93 (2010): Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact) . Microhardness (Martens/Universal Hardness) testing was performed on a Fischerscope H100C instrument. Adhesion testing was performed according to ASTM D4060-95: Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser . Scribe adhesion testing was performed on glass Taber panels. Two one-inch long scribes diagonal to each other were cut using a utility knife and the adhesion of the film to glass was inspected visually. If no film peeled from the substrate, the coating was marked as "pass".
- The results of the impact resistance testing, microhardness testing, and scribe adhesion testing are presented in Tables 1. Formulations A through G showed that the microhardness of the coatings decreases as the polycarbonate polyurethane resin content increases. Increasing polycarbonate polyurethane resin content also correlated with increased impact strength, increased toughness, and increased flexibility.
- This specification has been written with reference to various non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments. However, it will be recognized by persons having ordinary skill in the art that various substitutions, modifications, or combinations of any of the disclosed embodiments (or portions thereof) may be made within the scope of this specification. Thus, it is contemplated and understood that this specification supports additional embodiments not expressly set forth herein. Such embodiments may be obtained, for example, by combining, modifying, or reorganizing any of the disclosed steps, components, elements, features, aspects, characteristics, limitations, and the like, of the various non-limiting embodiments described in this specification. In this manner, Applicant reserves the right to amend the claims during prosecution to add features as variously described in this specification, and such amendments comply with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, and 35 U.S.C. § 132(a).
Claims (16)
- An aqueous polyurethane coating composition comprising:(a) a water-dilutable free radically curable polyurethane resin comprising a reaction product of:(A1) 40-90 wt. % of one or more acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 40-120 mg of KOH/g and(B1) 0.1-20 wt. % of one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain groups which are cationic, anionic and/or have a dispersant action due to ether groups with (C1) 10-50 wt. % of one or more polyisocyanates(D1) 0.0-30.0 Wt. % of one or more polyols together with a subsequent reaction with(E1) 0.1-10 wt. % of one or more di- and/or polyamines, and(b) a water-dilutable polycarbonate-polyurethane resin, wherein the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin is non-functional;wherein components (a) and (b) are present in a weight ratio between 90:10 and 50:50 measured on a solids basis.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) comprises a reaction product of:(A1') a polyisocyanate;(A2') a polycarbonate polyol; and(A3') an isocyanate-reactive compound comprising at least one ionic group or potentially ionic group.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate-polyurethane resin component (b) further comprises:
(A4') isocyanate-reactive chain extender and/or chain terminator. - The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups (A1) are selected from the group consisting of polyester acrylate prepolymers, polyether acrylate prepolymers, or polycarbonate acrylate prepolymers containing hydroxyl groups.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein one or more mono- and/or difunctional compounds reactive towards isocyanate groups, which compounds contain groups which are cationic, anionic and/or have a dispersant action due to ether groups (B1) are selected from the group consisting of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, malic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, 2-aminoethylaminoethanesulphonic acid, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols started on alcohols.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polyisocyanates (C1) are selected from the group consisting of aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 6, wherein the one or more polyisocyanates (C1) are selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polyols (D1) are selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexane diol, polyesterpolyols having an average OH-functionality of 1.8-2.2, polyetherpolyols having an average OH-functionality of 1.8-2.2, polycarbonatepolyols having an average OH-functionality of 1.8-2.2, ethanol and butanol.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more di- and/or polyamines (E1) are selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine, aminofunctional polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, triethylenetetramine and hydrazine.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate (A1') is selected from the group consisting of monomeric organic diisocyanate, monomeric isocyanate comprising three or more isocyanate groups, and diisocyanate adducts and/or oligomers comprising urethane groups, urea groups, uretdione groups, uretonimine groups, isocyanurate groups, iminooxadiazine dione groups, oxadiazine trione groups, carbodiimide groups, acyl urea groups, biuret groups, and/or allophanate groups.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate polyol (A2') is selected from the group consisting of a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and phosgene and a polycondensation reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and diesters of carbonic acid.
- The aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 11, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-propanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylenepentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, 1,8-octanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.
- A glass substrate coated with the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1.
- A glass container coated with the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1.
- A glass bottle coated with the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1.
- A method of coating a glass substrate comprising 1) providing a glass substrate, 2) applying the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1 to at least a portion of the glass substrate and 3) exposing the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1 to a source of actinic radiation for a time sufficient to cure the aqueous polyurethane coating composition of claim 1.
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US201161504781P | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | |
PCT/US2012/045382 WO2013006606A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2012-07-03 | Free radical curable waterborne glass coating compositions |
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EP2729545A2 EP2729545A2 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
EP2729545A4 EP2729545A4 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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US (1) | US20140356561A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2729545B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103649248B (en) |
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MX (1) | MX371422B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI555801B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013006606A2 (en) |
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PT3164437T (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2020-12-04 | Akzo Nobel Coatings Int Bv | Two-component coating compositions and coatings made therefrom for increasing resistance against erosion |
JP2018002972A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | 東ソー株式会社 | Polyisocyanate composition and coating composition using the same |
CN107236107B (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2020-12-01 | 旭化成株式会社 | Urethane (meth) acrylate and curable composition |
EP3235844A1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-25 | ALLNEX AUSTRIA GmbH | Aqueous polyurethane dispersion |
DE102016212106A1 (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-04 | Tesa Se | Self-healing surface protection film with acrylate-functional top coat |
WO2018073841A1 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Decorative glass article with metallic shades |
JP6926522B2 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2021-08-25 | 東ソー株式会社 | Polyurethane resin-forming composition |
CN107418410B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-02-12 | Ppg涂料(天津)有限公司 | Low VOC aqueous UV-curable single layer coating composition, method of coating and substrates coated therewith |
EP3670612A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-24 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of urethane methacrylate compounds in reactive resin compositions |
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- 2012-07-03 WO PCT/US2012/045382 patent/WO2013006606A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-07-03 CA CA2840779A patent/CA2840779A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-07-03 CN CN201280033236.4A patent/CN103649248B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2840779A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
TWI555801B (en) | 2016-11-01 |
MX2013015312A (en) | 2014-05-28 |
US20140356561A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
EP2729545A2 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
MX371422B (en) | 2020-01-29 |
WO2013006606A3 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
CN103649248B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
CN103649248A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
TW201319182A (en) | 2013-05-16 |
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