EP2728035A1 - Method for altering the surface properties of components - Google Patents

Method for altering the surface properties of components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2728035A1
EP2728035A1 EP12190803.2A EP12190803A EP2728035A1 EP 2728035 A1 EP2728035 A1 EP 2728035A1 EP 12190803 A EP12190803 A EP 12190803A EP 2728035 A1 EP2728035 A1 EP 2728035A1
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Prior art keywords
component
temperature
layer material
layer
nickel
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EP12190803.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2728035B1 (en
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Horst Bronn
Katrin Friedberger
Josef Linska
Bernd Daniels
Michael Strasser
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/08—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases only one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/14—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases more than one element being diffused in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/16—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases more than one element being diffused in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/22—Metal melt containing the element to be diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C10/26—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being diffused
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/60—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate

Abstract

The method involves coating the surface (2) of component (1) with a layer of material with specific composition such that the component melts at lower temperature than the component material, or forming with the component material such that the component has lower melting temperature than the component material. The coated component is subjected to heat treatment, so that the component is held between the coating and the component diffusion processes. The layer material is provided with melting point depressant element component material. An independent claim is included for a component.

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Bauteilen, die beispielsweise inkrementell schichtweise aus einem Bauteilmaterial aufgebaut werden, sowie ein entsprechend hergestelltes Bauteil.The present invention relates to a method for changing the surface properties of components which are constructed, for example, incrementally in layers of a component material, as well as a correspondingly manufactured component.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Generative Fertigungsverfahren, bei denen ein Werkstück aus Inkrementen aus Material schichtweise aufgebaut wird, werden im Stand der Technik zunehmend nicht nur für die Herstellung von Prototypen eingesetzt, sondern auch zur Herstellung von Bauteilen in Kleinserien. Darüber hinaus bieten sich derartige generative Herstellungsverfahren auch für die Herstellung von Bauteilen an, für die andere Herstellungsverfahren nicht oder nur mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten durchgeführt werden können. Dies führt dazu, dass generativ hergestellte Bauteile auch eine entsprechende Oberflächengüte in Form einer geringen Rauheit aufweisen sollen. Dies ist jedoch aufgrund des Herstellungsverfahrens unmittelbar nach der generativen Herstellung nicht gegeben, da durch die schichtweise Ausbildung des Bauteils an den Oberflächen entsprechend der Aufbringung der Schichten Stufen und Rauigkeiten entstehen.Generative manufacturing processes in which a workpiece is constructed of increments of material in layers, are increasingly used in the prior art not only for the production of prototypes, but also for the production of components in small batches. In addition, such generative manufacturing processes also offer for the production of components for which other manufacturing processes can not be carried out or only with considerable difficulty. This means that generatively produced components should also have a corresponding surface quality in the form of a low roughness. However, this is not the case due to the manufacturing process immediately after the generative production, as caused by the layered formation of the component on the surfaces according to the application of the layers levels and roughness.

Es ist deshalb bereits versucht worden, durch Aufbringung von Schichten, die die Unebenheiten ausfüllen sollen, die Oberflächengüte zu verbessern. Dies ist beispielsweise in der EP 0 420 614 A2 oder in F.E.H. Tay, E.H.A. Hae, M. Rahman, J.Y. Lee und T.E.H. Ong, Manufacture of R.P. Tools with High Quality Surface Finish Using High Temperature Epoxy Resin and Electroless Nickel Plating, in: Surface Engineering 2000, Vol. 16, No 3 beschrieben. Allerdings wird durch diese Maßnahmen die ursprünglich raue Oberfläche nicht beseitigt, sodass die Unebenheiten als Ausgangspunkte für Risswachstum und dergleichen weiterhin vorhanden sind. Außerdem kann bei bestimmten Anwendungsfällen das Vorhandensein der Beschichtung nachteilig sein.It has therefore already been tried to improve the surface finish by applying layers that are to fill the bumps. This is for example in the EP 0 420 614 A2 or in FEH Tay, EHA Hae, M. Rahman, JY Lee and TEH Ong, Manufacture of RP Tools with High Quality Surface Finish Using High Temperature Epoxy Resin and Electroless Nickel Plating, in: Surface Engineering 2000, Vol. 16, No 3 described. However, by these measures, the originally rough surface is not eliminated, so that the unevenness as starting points for crack growth and the like are still present. In addition, in certain applications, the presence of the coating may be detrimental.

Andere Verfahren zur Herstellung glatter Oberflächen, wie beispielsweise Schleifen, Strahlen, Polieren, Elektropolieren und dergleichen, sind aufwendig und können unter Umständen nur an bestimmten, frei zugänglichen Oberflächen durchgeführt werden.Other methods for producing smooth surfaces, such as grinding, blasting, polishing, electropolishing and the like, are expensive and may only be performed on certain freely accessible surfaces.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Bauteilen bereitzustellen, bei dem eine ausreichend gute Oberflächengüte erreicht wird, die ausreichend ist, um beispielsweise an derartig hergestellten Bauteilen optische Messverfahren oder eine zerstörungsfreie Bauteilprüfung, beispielsweise hinsichtlich Oberflächenrissprüfung, Wirbelstromprüfung usw., durchführen zu können. Die gewünschte glatte Oberfläche soll jedoch in einfacher und effektiver Weise herstellbar sein und insbesondere sollen möglichst alle Flächen eines Bauteils, also auch Flächen von Hohlräumen und dergleichen bearbeitbar sein. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren auch bei der generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils für die Glättung der Oberflächen einsetzbar sein.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for changing the surface properties of components, in which a sufficiently good surface quality is achieved, which is sufficient, for example, on such components manufactured optical measuring or non-destructive component testing, for example, surface crack inspection, eddy current, etc .. ., to carry out. However, the desired smooth surface should be able to be produced in a simple and effective manner and, in particular, as far as possible all surfaces of a component, including surfaces of cavities and the like, should be machinable. In particular, the method should also be used in the generative production of a component for the smoothing of the surfaces.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und ein entsprechend hergestelltes Bauteil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a correspondingly produced component having the features of claim 12. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, auf dem zu bearbeitenden Bauteil eine Beschichtung aufzubringen, wobei die Beschichtung Bestandteile enthält, die bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur schmelzen als das Bauteilmaterial oder mit dem Bauteilmaterial Komponenten bilden, die eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur als das Bauteilmaterial aufweisen und dass das entsprechend beschichtete Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird, sodass eine Diffusion zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil ermöglicht wird. Durch die Kombination der aufgebrachten Beschichtung mit niedrigerem Schmelzpunkt oder Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Bestandteilen einerseits sowie der Wärmebehandlung andererseits, kommt es zu Diffusionsvorgängen zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil und/oder zu einem Anschmelzen der Beschichtung und/oder der ursprünglichen Bauteiloberfäche, was zu einer Einebnung der ursprünglich rauen Oberfläche des Bauteils führt.According to the invention, it is proposed to apply a coating to the component to be processed, the coating containing constituents which melt at a lower temperature than the component material or form components with the component material that have a lower melting temperature than the component material and that correspondingly coated Component is subjected to a heat treatment, so that a diffusion between the coating and the component is made possible. By combining the applied coating with lower melting point or melting point degrading constituents on the one hand and the heat treatment on the other, it comes to diffusion processes between the coating and the component and / or to a melting of the coating and / or the original Bauteiloberfäche, resulting in a leveling of the original rough surface of the component leads.

Das Schichtmaterial kann aus dem gleichen Material gewählt werden, wie das Bauteilmaterial, wobei zusätzlich mindestens ein Element beigefügt sein sollte, welches den Schmelzpunkt erniedrigt. Alternativ kann das Schichtmaterial auch durch lediglich einen Bestandteil des Bauteilmaterials gebildet werden, nämlich vorzugsweise die Hauptkomponente des Bauteilmaterials. Bei einer metallischen Legierung, die für das Bauteilmaterial verwendet wird, könnte also die Hauptlegierungskomponente in Form eines technisch reinen Metalls als Schichtmaterial gewählt werden.The layer material may be selected from the same material as the component material, wherein additionally at least one element should be added, which lowers the melting point. Alternatively, the layer material can also be formed by only one component of the component material, namely preferably the main component of the component material. In the case of a metallic alloy used for the component material, therefore, the main alloy component in the form of a technically pure metal could be chosen as the layer material.

Bei der Verwendung einer Nickelbasislegierung als Bauteilmaterial z.B. für die generative Herstellung von temperaturbelasteten Bauteilen von Strömungsmaschinen, wie beispielsweise Gasturbinen oder Flugtriebwerken, kann die Schicht aus technisch reinem Nickel als dem Hauptbestandteil der Nickelbasislegierung gebildet werden. Unter technisch reinem Nickel wird hierbei ein Material verstanden, welches zu nahezu 100 % aus Nickel besteht, jedoch im Umfang der technischen Gegebenheiten Verunreinigungen aufweisen kann.When using a nickel-based alloy as a component material, e.g. for the generative production of temperature-stressed components of turbomachines, such as gas turbines or aircraft engines, the layer of technically pure nickel may be formed as the main constituent of the nickel-based alloy. Under technically pure nickel in this case is understood a material which consists of almost 100% nickel, but may have impurities in the extent of technical conditions.

Alternativ kann bei einer Nickelbasislegierung als Bauteilmaterial auch eine mit einem Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element legierte Nickelbasislegierung gewählt werden, wobei beispielsweise als Schmelzpunkt erniedrigende Elemente Bor und/oder Phosphor gewählt werden können.Alternatively, in the case of a nickel-based alloy as the component material, a nickel-base alloy alloyed with a melting point may be selected, for example, boron and / or phosphorus may be selected as the melting point-lowering elements.

Unter Nickelbasislegierung sind diejenigen Legierungen zu verstehen, die als Bestandteil mit dem größten Anteil Nickel aufweisen und die insbesondere Legierungselemente umfassen, die eine Hochtemperaturanwendung ermöglichen. Beispielsweise kann hierfür Inconel IN 718 genannt werden.Nickel-base alloy is understood to mean those alloys which comprise nickel as the constituent with the largest proportion and in particular comprise alloying elements which permit high-temperature application. For example, this can be called Inconel IN 718.

Das Schichtmaterial kann in flüssiger oder gasförmiger Form aufgebracht werden, wobei insbesondere eine chemische Reaktion in einem Tauchbad gewählt werden kann, um beispielsweise eine Nickelschicht aufzubringen. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist üblicherweise als chemisch Vernickeln bekannt.The layer material can be applied in liquid or gaseous form, wherein, in particular, a chemical reaction in a dip bath can be selected in order, for example, to apply a nickel layer. Such a process is commonly known as chemical nickel plating.

Die Wärmebehandlung kann bei einer Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials und unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Bauteilmaterials durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere kann die Temperatur in einem Bereich gewählt werden, der von einer Temperatur 30 % unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur bis zu einer Temperatur von 5 % über der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials reicht.The heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material and below the melting temperature of the component material. In particular, the temperature may be selected in a range ranging from a temperature of 30% below the melting temperature to a temperature of 5% above the melting temperature of the sheet material.

Bei Bauteilen aus Nickelbasislegierungen kann die Wärmebehandlung beispielsweise im Bereich der Lösungsglühtemperatur des Bauteilmaterials erfolgen. Bei einer Schicht aus chemischem Nickel kann die Wärmebehandlung auch bei einer Temperatur knapp oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur durchgeführt werden, sodass ein Anschmelzen der Beschichtung und/oder der ursprünglichen Oberfläche des Bauteils erfolgt.In the case of components made of nickel-base alloys, the heat treatment can be carried out, for example, in the region of the solution annealing temperature of the component material. In the case of a layer of chemical nickel, the heat treatment can also be carried out at a temperature just above the melting temperature, so that the coating and / or the original surface of the component melts.

Obwohl nach der Durchführung der Wärmebehandlung bereits eine geglättete Grenzschicht zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil, also eine geglättete ursprüngliche Oberflächenschicht vorliegt und somit das Bauteil bereits in diesem Zustand mit der Beschichtung Verwendung finden kann, kann ein weiterer Verfahrensschritt vorgesehen sein, der eine Entfernung der Beschichtung vorsieht.Although a smoothed boundary layer between the coating and the component, ie a smoothed original surface layer is already present after the heat treatment has been carried out, and thus the component can already be used with the coating in this state, a further method step may be provided which involves removal of the coating provides.

Dies kann bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren durch ein eigenschaftssensitives Abtragsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Ätzen, erfolgen, sodass die ursprüngliche Oberfläche wieder freigelegt werden kann. Damit kann die für bestimmte Anwendungen störende Beschichtung wieder entfernt werden, wobei gleichzeitig eine geglättete Oberfläche des Bauteils erreicht wird.This can be done in the present method by a property-sensitive removal method, such as etching, so that the original surface can be exposed again. This allows the coating, which is troublesome for certain applications, to be removed again, at the same time achieving a smoothed surface of the component.

Ein entsprechend hergestelltes Bauteil, insbesondere ein generativ hergestelltes Bauteil weist somit eine Randzone auf, die entweder eine Beschichtung umfasst oder zumindest eine Diffusionszone ausgebildet hat, wenn die Beschichtung wieder entfernt worden ist. Die Beschichtung des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils weist das mit einem Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element versehene Bauteilmaterial oder eine Beschichtung aus einem Bestandteil des Bauteilmaterials auf.A correspondingly produced component, in particular a generatively produced component, thus has an edge zone which either comprises a coating or at least has formed a diffusion zone when the coating has been removed again. The coating of the component according to the invention has the component material provided with a melting point-lowering element or a coating of a component of the component material.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die beigefügten Zeichnungen zeigen in rein schematischer Weise in

Fig.1
einen Querschnitt durch ein generativ hergestelltes Bauteil mit einer rauen Oberfläche;
Fig.2
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus Figur 1, das mit einer Schicht versehen ist;
Fig.3
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus den Figuren 1 und 2 nach Durchführung einer Wärmebehandlung; und in
Fig.4
einen Querschnitt durch das Bauteil aus den Figuren 1 bis 3 nach Abziehen der Beschichtung.
The accompanying drawings show in a purely schematic manner in FIG
Fig.1
a cross section through a generatively manufactured component with a rough surface;
Fig.2
a cross section through the component FIG. 1 which is provided with a layer;
Figure 3
a cross section through the component of the Figures 1 and 2 after performing a heat treatment; and in
Figure 4
a cross section through the component of the FIGS. 1 to 3 after removing the coating.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEmbodiment

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels deutlich. Allerdings ist die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of an embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.

Die Figur 1 zeigt als Beispiel die Oberfläche eines generativ hergestellten Bauteils 1, welches nach dem inkrementellen, schichtweisen Aufbau eine raue Oberfläche 2 aufweist. Beispielsweise kann das Bauteil durch selektives Lasersintern, durch stereolithographischen Verfahren, durch schichtweises Kleben oder Aufschmelzen gebildet worden sein. Durch die schichtweise Herstellung kommt es an den Oberflächen zur Ausbildung einer Rauheit. Allerdings kann das zur Bearbeitung der Oberfläche eingesetzte Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung, das nachfolgend beispielhaft beschrieben wird, auch für Bauteile eingesetzt werden, die nach beliebig anderen Verfahren hergestellt worden sind.The FIG. 1 shows as an example the surface of a generatively produced component 1, which has a rough surface 2 after the incremental, layered structure. For example, the component may have been formed by selective laser sintering, by stereolithographic methods, by layer-by-layer gluing or reflowing. Due to the layered production it comes to the surfaces to form a roughness. However, the surface working method of the present invention, which will be described below by way of example, may also be applied to components made by any other method.

Die Figur 2 zeigt die Schnittansicht des Bauteils 1 aus Figur 1 nach Aufbringen einer Beschichtung 3, beispielsweise durch chemisches Vernickeln. Hierzu wird das zu vernickelnde Bauteil 1 in eine geeignete Flüssigkeit eingetaucht, sodass durch eine entsprechende chemische Reaktion der in der Flüssigkeit enthaltenen Komponenten Nickel an der Oberfläche 2 des Bauteils 1 abgeschieden wird. Die Schichtdicken des abgeschiedenen chemischen Nickels können hierbei im Bereich von 1 µm bis 100 µm variiert werden.The FIG. 2 shows the sectional view of the component 1 from FIG. 1 after application of a coating 3, for example by chemical nickel plating. For this purpose, the component 1 to be nickel-plated is transformed into a suitable liquid submerged so that nickel is deposited on the surface 2 of the component 1 by a corresponding chemical reaction of the components contained in the liquid. The layer thicknesses of the deposited chemical nickel can be varied in the range from 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m.

Nachdem die Schicht 3 auf dem Bauteil 1 erzeugt worden ist, wird das Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen, die es ermöglicht, dass ein Diffusionsaustausch von Inhaltsstoffen zwischen der Schicht 3 und dem Bauteil 1 erfolgen kann. Vorzugsweise kann die Wärmebehandlungstemperatur auch so gewählt werden, dass die Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials liegt, sodass ein leichtes Anschmelzen der rauen Oberfläche 2 erfolgen kann. Durch die Diffusionsvorgänge und/oder das Anschmelzen der Oberfläche 2 kommt es zu einer Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften, wie dies schematisch in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Insbesondere die Grenzfläche zwischen der Schicht 3 und dem Bauteil 1 stellt nun eine glatte Grenzfläche 4 dar, da es durch die Diffusionsvorgänge und/oder das Anschmelzen zu einem Einebnen der vorstehenden Bauteilbereiche kommt. Darüber hinaus kann eine solche wärmebehandelte Schicht 3 beispielsweise besser spanbar und/oder lötbar und/oder chemisch und/oder mechanisch abtragbar sein.After the layer 3 has been produced on the component 1, the component is subjected to a heat treatment, which makes it possible that a diffusion exchange of ingredients between the layer 3 and the component 1 can take place. Preferably, the heat treatment temperature can also be selected so that the temperature is in the range of the melting temperature of the layer material, so that a slight melting of the rough surface 2 can take place. Due to the diffusion processes and / or the melting of the surface 2, there is a change in the surface properties, as shown schematically in FIG FIG. 3 is shown. In particular, the interface between the layer 3 and the component 1 now represents a smooth boundary surface 4, as it comes through the diffusion processes and / or melting to a leveling of the protruding component regions. In addition, such a heat-treated layer 3, for example, better spanbar and / or solderable and / or be chemically and / or mechanically abradable.

Je nach Anwendungsfall und Einsatzgebiet kann das Bauteil im Herstellungszustand gemäß Figur 3 Verwendung finden.Depending on the application and field of application, the component in the manufacturing state according to FIG. 3 Find use.

Allerdings ist es auch möglich, die Schicht 3 wieder zu entfernen, sodass die eingeebnete Grenzfläche 4 als geglättete Oberfläche 5 am Bauteil 1 vorliegt.However, it is also possible to remove the layer 3 again so that the leveled boundary surface 4 is present as a smoothed surface 5 on the component 1.

Als eigenschaftssensitive Abtragsverfahren kommen hierfür beispielsweise Ätzverfahren in Frage, wobei das Ätzmittel auf die Zusammensetzung der Beschichtung abgestimmt ist. Durch eine Veränderung im Ätzverhalten an der Grenzfläche 4 kann das Abtragen von Material nach Erreichen der Grenzfläche 4 gestoppt werden, sodass das Bauteil 2 mit der geglätteten Oberfläche 5 vorliegt.For example, etching methods which are suitable for this purpose are property-sensitive removal methods, wherein the etchant is matched to the composition of the coating. By a change in the etching behavior at the interface 4, the removal of material after reaching the interface 4 can be stopped so that the component 2 is present with the smoothed surface 5.

Die entsprechend hergestellten Bauteile zeichnen sich somit entweder durch das Vorliegen einer Beschichtung an der Oberfläche aus, oder, im Falle des Abtragens der Beschichtung nach Durchführung der Wärmebehandlung, durch eine durch die Diffusion mit der ehemals vorhandenen Beschichtung vorhandene Diffusionszone in der Randzone des Bauteils 1.The correspondingly produced components are thus distinguished either by the presence of a coating on the surface, or, in the case of the removal of the coating after the heat treatment has been carried out, by a diffusion zone in the edge zone of the component 1 which exists as a result of the diffusion with the formerly existing coating.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels detaillierte beschrieben worden ist, ist die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern vielmehr sind Abwandlungen in der Weise möglich, dass einzelne Merkmale weggelassen oder andersartige Kombinationen von Merkmalen realisiert werden können, ohne dass der Schutzbereich der beigefügten Ansprüche verlassen wird. Die vorliegende Offenbarung umfasst insbesondere sämtliche Kombinationen aller vorgestellten Einzelmerkmale.Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited to this embodiment, but rather modifications are possible in such a way that individual features omitted or other types of combinations of features can be realized, without the scope of the appended claims will leave. In particular, the present disclosure includes all combinations of all featured individual features.

Claims (13)

Verfahren zur Änderung der Oberflächeneigenschaften, insbesondere zur Oberflächenglättung eines Bauteils,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Oberfläche des Bauteils mit einem Schichtmaterial beschichtet wird, welches eine Zusammensetzung aufweist, die mindestens einen Bestandteil enthält, der bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur schmilzt als das Bauteilmaterial oder mit dem Bauteilmaterial mindestens eine Komponente bildet, die eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur als das Bauteilmaterial aufweist, und dass das beschichtete Bauteil einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird, so dass zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Bauteil Diffusionsvorgänge stattfinden können.Method for changing the surface properties, in particular for surface smoothing of a component,
characterized in that
the surface of the component is coated with a layer material having a composition containing at least one component which melts at a lower temperature than the component material or forms with the component material at least one component having a lower melting temperature than the component material; the coated component is subjected to a heat treatment so that diffusion processes can take place between the coating and the component. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schichtmaterial ein mit mindestens einem den Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element versehenes Bauteilmaterial ist.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the layer material is a component material provided with at least one melting point depressing element. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schichtmaterial durch die Hauptkomponente des Bauteilmaterials gebildet wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the layer material is formed by the main component of the component material. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteilmaterial eine metallische Legierung und das Schichtmaterial eine metallische Legierung oder ein technisch reines Metall ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the component material is a metallic alloy and the layer material is a metallic alloy or a technically pure metal. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteilmaterial eine Nickelbasislegierung und das Schichtmaterial Nickel oder das Schichtmaterial eine mit mindestens einem den Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element legierte Nickelbasislegierung ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the component material is a nickel-based alloy and the layer material is nickel or the layer material is a nickel-base alloy alloyed with at least one melting-point depressing element. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das den Schmelzpunkt erniedrigende Element Bor und/oder Phosphor ist.Method according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the melting point depressing element is boron and / or phosphorus. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schichtmaterial in flüssiger oder gasförmiger Form aufgebracht und insbesondere durch chemische Reaktion in einem Tauchbad abgeschieden wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the layer material is applied in liquid or gaseous form and deposited in particular by chemical reaction in a dipping bath. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Wärmebehandlung in einem Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials und unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Bauteilmaterials durchgeführt wird, insbesondere in einem Temperaturbereich durchgeführt wird, der von einer Temperatur 30% unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials bis zu einer Temperatur 5% über der Schmelztemperatur des Schichtmaterials reicht.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat treatment is carried out in a range of the melting temperature of the layer material and below the melting temperature of the component material, in particular in a temperature range is carried out, which ranges from a temperature 30% below the melting temperature of the layer material to a temperature 5% above the melting temperature of the layer material. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Wärmebehandlung im Bereich der Lösungsglühtemperatur des Bauteilmaterials erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat treatment takes place in the region of the solution annealing temperature of the component material. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
bei einer durch chemisches Vernickeln abgeschiedenen Schicht die Wärmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur des chemisch abgeschiedenen Nickels liegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
for a chemical nickel plating layer, the heat treatment is at a temperature above the melting temperature of the chemically deposited nickel. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Beschichtung nach der Wärmebehandlung wieder entfernt wird, insbesondere durch ein eigenschaftssensitives Abtragsverfahren, vorzugsweise Ätzen.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the coating is removed again after the heat treatment, in particular by a property-sensitive removal method, preferably etching. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils, bei welchem das Bauteil inkrementell schichtweise aus einem Bauteilmaterial aufgebaut wird, eingesetzt wird, um die Bauteiloberfläche zumindest teilweise zu glätten.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the method for the generative production of a component, in which the component is constructed incrementally in layers of a component material, is used to at least partially smooth the component surface. Bauteil, insbesondere generativ hergestelltes Bauteil, das insbesondere nach dem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche hergestellt worden ist, aus einem Bauteilmaterial und mit einer Randzone, die entweder eine Beschichtung aufweist, die aus einem mit einem Schmelzpunkt erniedrigenden Element versehenen Bauteilmaterial gebildet oder aus der Hauptkomponente des Bauteilmaterials gebildet ist, oder eine Diffusionszone aufweist.Component, in particular generatively produced component, which has been produced in particular by the method according to one of the preceding claims, of a component material and having a peripheral zone, which either has a coating formed from a provided with a melting point depressing element component material or from the main component the component material is formed, or has a diffusion zone.
EP12190803.2A 2012-10-31 2012-10-31 Method for altering the surface properties of components Active EP2728035B1 (en)

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