EP2727183B1 - Verbesserte breitband-multidipolantenne mit frequenzunabhängigen strahlungseigenschaften - Google Patents

Verbesserte breitband-multidipolantenne mit frequenzunabhängigen strahlungseigenschaften Download PDF

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EP2727183B1
EP2727183B1 EP11728297.0A EP11728297A EP2727183B1 EP 2727183 B1 EP2727183 B1 EP 2727183B1 EP 11728297 A EP11728297 A EP 11728297A EP 2727183 B1 EP2727183 B1 EP 2727183B1
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Prior art keywords
dipole
dipoles
antenna
log
ground plane
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French (fr)
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EP2727183A2 (de
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Per-Simon Kildal
Jian Yang
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Gapwaves AB
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Gapwaves AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/10—Logperiodic antennas
    • H01Q11/105—Logperiodic antennas using a dielectric support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadband multi-dipole antenna, and in particular an antenna that has low input reflection coefficient, low cross polarization, rotationally symmetric beam and constant beam width and phase centre location over octave bandwidth or more, or over multiple frequency bands together covering octave bandwidth or more.
  • Reflector antennas find a lot of applications such as in e.g. radio-link point-to-point and point-to-multipoint systems, radars and radio telescopes.
  • Modem reflector antennas are often fed by different types of corrugated horn antennas. They have the advantage compared to other feed antennas that they can provide a rotationally symmetric radiation pattern with low cross polarization over a large frequency band. It is also possible with appropriate choice of dimensions to obtain a beam width that does not vary with frequency. Still, the bandwidth is normally limited to about an octave. Corrugated horns are also expensive to manufacture, in particular at low frequency where their physical size and weight become large.
  • Reflector antennas are mass-produced for some markets, in particular when they are small and up to about a meter in diameter, such as e.g. for application to satellite TV reception or for radio communication links between base stations in a mobile communication network.
  • radio telescopes that consist of several cost-effective mass-produced antennas, such as the Allen telescope array (ATA) and the square kilometer array (SKA).
  • ATA is already being realized in terms of mass-produced large reflector antennas, and there exist similar proposals for SKA.
  • the requirement for bandwidth is enormous in both ATA and SKA, covering several octaves.
  • UWB ultra wide band
  • broadband and multiband antenna technologies e.g. for satellite communication (satcom).
  • the ground terminal of a satcom system is very often a reflector antenna, and it is a desire to combine several satcom frequency bands in one antenna, e.g. two or more of the so-called L-, S-, C-, X, Ku- and Ka-bands.
  • broadband or multiband feeds are of interest.
  • an antenna that can provide information about the position of the satellite relative to the pointing direction of the antenna, in such a way that the antenna can be moved to point exactly at the satellite.
  • This is referred to as tracking, and such antennas have tracking capabilities.
  • One way to obtain such pointing information is by using a feed with several ports that can be combined to provide so-called tracking (or difference) patterns in both horizontal and vertical planes in addition to the common (and in this connection so-called "sum") pattern over which the communication signals are transferred.
  • the levels and phases of the signals received via the two tracking patterns, relative to the amplitude and phase of the signal received via the sum pattern gives information about the position of the satellite relative to the pointing direction of the antenna. Therefore, there is also a need for multiport reflector feeds for tracking purposes.
  • Multiport antennas are also needed in future proposed communication systems for use in environments with fading, i.e. having large signal level variations between the transmit antenna port and the receive antenna port due to interference between many reflected and scattered propagation paths from the transmitting to the receiving side.
  • the signal level in the interference minima will be so low that it causes reception problems.
  • These problems can be reduced by setting up more channels between the transmitting and receiving sides, by using antennas with many ports, i.e. multiport antennas.
  • Such communication systems designed for an optimum spatial distribution of the information between the different channels are commonly referred to as MIMO systems (multiple input multiple output).
  • Multiport antennas for such systems should have uncoupled ports (to give uncorrelated channels) and high radiation efficiency, whereas there ideally in a rich and isotropic multipath environment is no requirement to the antenna gain and directivity.
  • it may be desirable with an extra directive beam because there may in reality often be a line-of-sight component present in the environment. Therefore, there is a need for adaptive or reconfigurable multiport antennas that has efficient uncoupled ports, and in addition can provide an additional directive beam.
  • Such antennas can with advantage be wideband to cover more communication systems, and compact to make them cheap on the market. Consequently, antennas designed as multiport feeds with tracking capability for satcom could also be used as multiport antennas for MIMO systems with an extra directive beam.
  • the antenna of WO 05/015685 and WO 05/015686 is a relatively small and simple antenna, with at least one, and preferably all, of the following properties: constant beam width and directivity, low cross polarization as well as crosspolar sidelobes, low input reflection coefficient and constant phase centre location over a very large frequency band of several octaves.
  • Typical numerical values are between 8 and 12 dBi directivity, lower than - 12 dB crosspolar sidelobes, and lower than -8 dB reflection coefficient at the antenna port.
  • the antenna is preferably cheap to manufacture and has light weight.
  • the same inventor also discloses improvements in relation to this antenna type in EP 2 120 293 .
  • the antenna of WO 05/015685 and WO 05/015686 is now in the scientific literature known as the "eleven antenna", see e.g. R. Olsson, P.-S. Kildal, S. Weinreb, "The Eleven antenna: a compact low-profile decade bandwidth dual polarized feed for reflector antennas", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 2, pt. 1, pp. 368-375, Feb. 2006 , and J. Yang, M. Pantaleev, P.-S. Kildal, Y. Karadikar, L. Helldner, B. Klein, N. Wadefalk, C.
  • the basic linearly polarized radiating element is a set of two parallel dipoles spaced half wavelength apart, i.e. in eleven configuration. To achieve large bandwidth such parallel dipoles are scaled log-periodically and connected together. For dual or circular polarization an orthogonal set of log-periodically scaled dipoles is located orthogonal to the first, with its geometrical centre coinciding with that of the first set of dipoles.
  • the eleven antennas in WO 05/015685 and WO 05/015686 have four two-wire lines feeding them from the centre, two for each polarization.
  • the eleven antenna has proven very effective and useful for a number of various applications. However, there is still a need for improvements in relation to dimension and performance of the antenna.
  • the object of the present invention to provide further improvements in relation to the above-discussed type of antenna, i.e. the so-called eleven antenna.
  • the present invention comprises several aspects which are used in the same specific context, and all being related to obtain the same purpose, viz. to obtain improved performance and reduced size. These parts can be used one by one, but preferably in combinations, and most preferably all at the same time.
  • the antenna of the present invention can be used to feed a single, dual or multi-reflector antenna in a very efficient way.
  • the application is not limited to this. It can be used whenever a small, lightweight broadband antenna is needed, and in particular when there is a requirement that the beam width, directivity, polarisation or phase centre or any combination of these measures should not vary with frequency.
  • the antenna of the invention can be designed with multiple ports, which makes it possible in addition to the directive beam to achieve either tracking beams for satcom terminals or multiple uncoupled and efficient beams for use in MIMO systems.
  • the basic component, from which the desired radiation characteristics of the antenna is constructed, is a pair of parallel dipoles, preferably located 0.5 wavelengths apart and about 0.15 wavelengths over a ground plane. This is known to give a rotationally symmetric directive radiation pattern according to e.g. the book Radiotelescopes by Christiansen and Högbom, Cambridge University Press, 1985 . Such a dipole pair is also known to have its phase centre in the ground plane, herein referred to as their geometrical ground-plane center in the sense that it is the geometrical center of the two dipoles and their images in the ground plane. However, the bandwidth is limited to the 10-20 percent bandwidth of a single dipole.
  • the broadband behaviour is obtained by locating several such dipole pairs of different sizes in such a way that their geometrical ground-plane centres coincide according to the invention in WO 05/015685 and WO 05/015686 .
  • an antenna for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves comprising:
  • the log-periodic dipole arrays form two or more petals in the antenna, and in a preferred embodiment four petals.
  • Each petal comprises a cascaded log-periodic array of dipoles.
  • the length, widths and heights over the ground plane for the folded dipoles are preferably scaled in relation to the wavelength intended for each dipole in a log-periodic manner.
  • Dipoles always have a gap, referred to as a port, across which the exciting voltage is provided.
  • Folded dipole normally has port in only one of the parallel strips.
  • Each or at least almost each of the log-periodic folded dipoles of the present invention has ports in the centre of both the parallel strips.
  • the folded dipoles within each petal are connected together by combining the two closer ports of two neighbouring dipoles with a two-wire line (two parallel strips) in such a way that all dipoles are connected in cascade. Thereby, each log-periodic dipole array forms two opposing serpentine-shaped metal strip lines.
  • the eleven antenna may typically be used for a frequency band up to 13 GHz.
  • the lower frequency limit can be chosen freely and determines the overall size of the antenna.
  • the lower frequency limit is around 2 GHz for VLBI 2010 application and 1.2 GHz for square kilometre array.
  • larger dipoles working at frequencies below the lower end of the operative frequency band. These outer dipoles do not radiate (or receive), and are only required as a termination of the radiating (or receiving) part of the log-periodic array, in order for the radiating (or receiving) dipoles to perform adequately.
  • the function of these outer dipoles is to create a termination of the log-periodic array in order to have the same radiation performance at the low end of the operating band as at the rest of the band, and in particular a good input reflection coefficient over the operating band.
  • the outer dipoles in the following also referred to as termination dipoles, are non-radiating, and it is thus possible to re-arrange them to achieve a more compact geometry while maintaining the same performance for the array.
  • the height of the antenna can be reduced to about 50% of a comparable previous type eleven antenna having the same operative frequency band, and the width be reduced to about 85%.
  • the overall volume is reduced to about 40% of the volume of the previous type eleven antenna.
  • cryogenic chamber typically 20 to 30 K.
  • the overall dimensions of the feed antenna are as compact as possible.
  • strip is used in the description below. This term must not be taken literary, as it can also mean a conducting tube or wire of any cross-sectional shape as described in the patent claims.
  • the dipoles are arranged at certain heights over the ground plane, the height being the same for the dipoles within each dipole pair.
  • the antenna further preferably comprises a feeding system connected to the smallest dipole of each log-periodic dipole array, that is the highest frequency dipoles located closest to the geometrical centre of the antenna in the ground plane.
  • the termination dipoles comprise one termination dipole extending in a first additional plane, and at least two termination dipole pairs extending in a second additional plane preferably extending downwards towards the ground plane and being connected to the ground plane.
  • first plane and the at least one additional plane form an acute angle as seen from the ground plane. This results in the termination dipoles being folded down towards the ground plane, which reduces the height of the antenna. It is further preferred that at least two additional planes are provided, said at least two additional planes forming an acute angle towards each other as seen from the ground plane, which results in a further down-folding of the outer rim of the antenna.
  • All dipoles of said log-periodic dipole arrays may be oriented in one direction in order to transmit or receive waves of one linear polarization.
  • Such a realization of the antenna will typically have only two petals, i.e. only one pair of log-periodic dipole arrays. However, preferably approximately half the dipole pairs of said log-periodic dipole arrays are oriented in one direction and the rest in an orthogonal direction, in order to transmit or receive waves of dual linear polarization or circular polarization.
  • Such a realization of the antenna will typically have four petals, i.e. two pairs of log-periodic dipole arrays.
  • all the dipoles of each of said log-periodic dipole array that are radiating and extending in a first plane are printed as metal strips on a flat substrate like a printed circuit board.
  • these dipoles are realized partly as a printed circuit board and partly being solid strips cut from a thicker stiff metal plate, the latter being almost self-supporting requiring only a few dielectric supporting pins or walls to the ground plane.
  • the at least one termination dipole extending in at least one additional plane is realized as strips on at least one additional flat printed circuit board or being cut out as thick strips from at least one flat metal plate.
  • an antenna for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves comprising:
  • This aspect of the invention may be used in combination with the above-discussed first aspect of the invention, or separately.
  • the plurality of dipoles being closest to said geometric centre in said log-periodic dipole arrays are preferably extending in a common plane.
  • the curved dipoles may be formed in a curved shape, but still be arranged on a plane, and e.g. on a PCB.
  • the two or more conducting lines of said dipoles are forming essentially circular segments.
  • the conducting lines of corresponding dipoles in the petals essentially forms a circle when projected onto the ground plane, i.e. when seen from above the antenna.
  • an antenna for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves comprising:
  • This aspect of the invention may be used in combination with the above-discussed first and/or second aspect of the invention, or separately.
  • the at least one printed circuit board extend in a direction being essentially perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the metal strips on both sides of the at least one printed circuit board extending through said opening are preferably connected, and preferably by soldering, to the two feed points of each log-periodic array petal.
  • the two-wire strip line feeding the log-periodic dipoles within one petal is connected to a two-wire strip line formed by one strip on one side and another strip on another side of one of the printed circuit boards extending through the opening in the ground plane.
  • one of the metal strips of this two-wire strip line has an increasing width in the direction away from the opening in the ground plane, thereby forming a gradual transition to wide ground plane in such a way that the companion strip on the other side of the substrate become a single microstrip line with a metal ground plane.
  • balun is formed in an integrated manner, i.e. a transition from a balanced two-wire line to an unbalanced microstrip line, and this balun is relatively easy and cost-effective to produce and mount, one for each dipole petal.
  • feeding system further comprises at least one wideband power combiner integrated in a printed circuit board.
  • the printed circuit boards of the baluns of opposite located petals, and the printed circuit boards of the additional power combiner could be combined on a common printed circuit board.
  • the dipoles are made by conducting strips on a dielectric substrate.
  • each dipole pair in said log-periodic dipole arrays are essentially as follows: dipole length approximately 0.5 wavelengths, dipole height over ground between 0.05 and 0.50 wavelengths, and dipole spacing approximately 0.5 wavelengths, where the wavelengths is for that frequency of which the given dipole pair is the dominating contributor to the radiation pattern.
  • the radiation patterns of the antenna preferably have an almost constant beam width over a very wide frequency band, said frequency band preferably comprising several octaves.
  • the antenna may be used to illuminate a single or dual reflector antenna system.
  • the ground plane is explained as if it is a planar ground.
  • the ground plane can also have other shapes. It can have a pyramidal shape, so that the surface on top of the conducting support structure becomes more flat. It can also be provided with grooves or a periodic pattern in order to improve the performance as a ground plane.
  • the invention makes use of a dipole pairs as the basic building component. This does not mean that two such dipoles are connected together mechanically to one unit, e.g. by locating them on the same thin dielectric substrate, in such a way that if one is removed the other is removed as well.
  • the dipole pair is only a basic electromagnetic building component when we construct the radiation pattern from electric current sources, i.e., we need two equal dipoles that radiate at the same frequency and are spaced about 0.5 wavelengths apart to get the desired rotationally symmetric radiation pattern.
  • the dipoles on one side of the geometrical centre are mechanically connected by their feed lines, so that removing one of the dipoles of a pair will mean that we at the same time remove one of the dipoles of all the pairs, i.e. one complete petal.
  • the connected dipoles may also be located on the same supporting material, such as a dielectric substrate. However, even if we normally may do so this is not at all necessary.
  • the dipoles to be used together with the invention are not limited to such realization.
  • the log-periodic dipole arrays within each petal can be realized partly as strips on a substrate to form a printed circuit board and partly as thicker strips cut from a metal plate and in conducting contact with the largest metal strip dipoles on the substrate part.
  • the dipoles and feed lines can be realized as thin strips on a substrate, thick strips cut from a metal plate, tubes, or wires. They can also be located on both sides of one or more thin dielectric layers, e.g. the dipoles on one side and the feed lines on the other side, or part of the dipoles and feed lines on one side and the rest on the other side.
  • the presently discussed antenna is a broadband multi-dipole antenna, that has several advantages compared to other types of antenna, such as low input reflection coefficient, low cross polarization, low crosspolar sidelobes, rotationally symmetric beam and almost constant directivity, beam width and phase centre location over several octaves bandwidth. Further, the dipoles are fed from one or a few centrally located two-wire feed points or ports.
  • the antenna is very well suited for feeding single, dual or multi-reflector antennas.
  • the centrally located feed area may contain T-type power combiners and a balun or a 180 deg hybrid thereby providing a transition from a coaxial line to the two opposite directed two-wire lines feeding opposite located log-periodic dipole arrays of the same linear polarization.
  • the balun may be active, meaning that it is combined with a receiver or transmitter circuit.
  • the power combination network can also be located on printed circuit boards behind the ground plane as described in J. Yang, M. Pantaleev, P.-S. Kildal, Y. Karadikar, L. Helldner, B. Klein, N. Wadefalk, C. Beaudoin, "Cryogenic 2-13 GHz Eleven feed for reflector antennas in future wideband radio telescopes", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 1918-1934, June 2011 ..
  • the low noise receivers will in many cases be cooled to provide as low receiver noise temperature as possible. It can also be advantageous to cool the whole feed. This is possible with the antenna as discussed above, because of its small size.
  • the antenna can also be used as a multiport antenna as explained previously.
  • Each petal has a two-wire feed line, and each of these wires can be fed from a separate port as described in J. Yang, M. Pantaleev, P.-S. Kildal, Y. Karadikar, L. Helldner, B. Klein, N. Wadefalk, C. Beaudoin, "Cryogenic 2-13 GHz Eleven feed for reflector antennas in future wideband radio telescopes", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 1918-1934, June 2011 .
  • the different feed lines must be correctly excited in such a way that the radiating currents on the two dipoles of the same dipole pair are excited with the same phase and amplitude.
  • the dipole pair is the basic component of the invention.
  • the dipole pair is arranged at a predetermined separation distance above a ground plane.
  • Fig 1 shows a standard configuration of a log-periodic array of dipoles of a standard eleven antenna, which is also useable for embodiments of the present invention. At least two such log-periodic dipole arrays are used to form the antenna, thereby forming oppositely located dipoles of the same dimensions and arranged in such a way that the geometrical centres of said dipole pairs and their images in the ground plane are at least approximately coinciding.
  • the dipoles 1 has a feed gap 2 in the center so that two dipole arms 3 are formed, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • each dipole comprises two or more conducting lines 1a, 1b that are connected at one or more points or over an extended part of the conducting lines.
  • Such dipoles are commonly known as folded dipoles.
  • a folded dipole can be fed by a two-wire line connected to the feed gap 2 between the right and left arms of dipole 1a.
  • there is also a gap in the second wire 1b of each dipole as shown in figure 1 at which a new two-wire line 7 is connected and continuing to the feed gap of the next neighbouring dipole.
  • two opposing serpentine lines running from the two-wire line feed point 6 are created, exciting all dipoles by a propagating wave.
  • Two or four log-periodic dipole arrays of the type shown in Figure 1 are located by means of a support structure over a ground plane 4 (not shown in Fig. 1 , but seen e.g. in Fig. 2 ).
  • dipole pairs 1 are provided, to realize broadband linearly or dually polarized radiation.
  • the feeding of the dipoles can be done in many different ways, as will be described later.
  • the main point is that they have to be fed in such a way that the currents on the dipoles of each dipole pair have the same direction, amplitude and phase.
  • the dipoles 1 of the invention are preferably located above the ground plane and in such a way that the height increases log-periodically in a direction away from the geometrical center of the dipole pairs.
  • the ground plane is preferably flat and plane, whereas in some applications it may be desirable and possible to make it slightly conical, pyramidal, doubly curved or any other shape deviating from a plane.
  • An antenna according to the invention can also be used for dual linear or circular polarization. Then, regardless of the configuration, there exists for each dipole pair an orthogonal dipole pair having the same dimensions. The feeding of the dipoles are preferably the same within each quadrant (petal) of the geometry.
  • the antenna may comprise four log-periodic dipole arrays, or petals, but may also comprise only one pair of log-periodic dipole arrays.
  • the innermost log-periodic dipoles of each array are preferably arranged on one planar dielectric substrate, a petal,
  • the two or four plates are preferably arranged in a slanted disposition relative to each other, so that the functional antenna elements of the antenna plates are in pairs facing each other.
  • An antenna having four petals is a dual polarisation antenna.
  • the antenna preferably comprises two or four antenna plates facing each other.
  • the invention is not limited to such realizations.
  • the dipoles within each log-periodic array are of different dimensions. In the example illustrated in Fig. 1 there are dipoles of 13 different dimensions. However, this number is arbitrarily chosen, as the antenna can consist of any number of dipole pairs of different dimensions, smaller, larger or much larger than this. Also, the log-periodically increasing spacing between neighbouring dipoles is arbitrarily chosen. It can be smaller or larger dependent on the results of the optimization of the design.
  • the inner, smaller dipoles will be radiating, whereas the outer largest dipoles may be non-radiating, as discussed in the foregoing.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which a more compact antenna is provided by arranging the outer, non-radiating dipoles, here referred to as terminating dipoles, in planes different than the plane in which the radiating dipoles of the log-periodic array occur.
  • a plurality of dipoles being closest to said geometrical centre in the ground plane are extending in a first plane, and preferably in the above-discussed slanted disposition. These dipoles are all radiating.
  • at least one termination dipole being more distant from the geometrical centre which extend in at least one additional plane, wherein the additional plane(s) forms an angle relative to the first plane.
  • three terminating dipoles 21-23 are provided, but it is also feasible to use one or two terminating dipoles arranged in this way, or more than three.
  • the first terminating dipole 21 is preferably arranged in a plane essentially parallel to the ground plane, whereas the other terminating dipoles 22, 23 are preferably arranged in planes directed towards the ground plane.
  • the two outermost terminating dipoles 22 and 23 may be arranged in a common plane, and this plane may form a right angle to the plane of the first terminating dipole.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 Such a configuration is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 .
  • Fig. 3 Such a configuration is illustrated in Fig. 3 .
  • the terminating dipoles are preferably dimensioned to obtain an adequate termination of the log-period dipole array. Such termination may be achieved in various ways, and the terminating dipoles need not be dimensioned in accordance with the log-periodic design of the radiating part of the dipole array. For example, one or several of the terminating dipoles, such as the second terminating dipole 22, may be smaller than the first terminating dipole 21, and may also be smaller than the outermost dipole of the log-period dipole array.
  • the dipoles of the log-period dipole array are preferably arranged on flat printed circuit boards, or on a combination of a flat printed circuit board and as a thick metal strip without substrate that could be cut from a metal plate.
  • the termination dipoles may also be arranged on flat printed circuit board, or may be provided in alternative ways.
  • the dipoles are of a straight configuration.
  • the dipoles may also be curved, in order e.g. to improve the BOR 1 efficiency.
  • An embodiment having such curved dipoles is illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 .
  • the dipoles 1' are essentially arranged as in the previous embodiments, and with the same function.
  • the two or more conducting lines of the dipoles 1' are extending non-linearly, so that they are convexly curved in relation to the geometrical centres.
  • dipoles are still extending in a common plane, and are preferably are still arranged on flat supporting plates.
  • the dipoles preferably form circular segments, and most preferably the dipoles of the different petals, form a circle when seen from above the antenna. This is illustrated in the top view of Fig. 6 .
  • the feeding system preferably comprises at least one printed circuit board having metal strips arranged thereon.
  • the conducting ground plane preferably comprises at least one opening arranged in the vicinity of the geometric centre, wherein the at least one printed circuit board is arranged to extend through this opening.
  • the substrate supporting each log-periodic dipole arrays is provided with slot openings to receive the extension of the corresponding PCB of the feeding system.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an embodiment where PCBs 81 of the feeding system are arranged through an opening 80 in the ground plane.
  • Conduct strips 82 arranged on opposite sides of the PCBs, in such a way that two strips together form a two-wire line. Each of these are connected, preferably by soldering, to the strips of the two-wire lines 6 of the log-periodic array.
  • PCBs Preferably, four such PCBs are provided, or two PCBs arranged to intersect each other. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 8 .
  • the PCBs extend below the ground plane and essentially perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the PCBs are preferably arranged in a housing 90.
  • four two-wire strip lines on PCB boards passes the ground plane through the corresponding opening(s) in the ground plane, and are soldered to the corresponding two-wire strip lines 6 leading to the log-periodic arrays.
  • the dimensions of the strip lines at the junction are preferably matched so that a smooth impedance-matched transition occurs.
  • the two-wire strip lines on the PCBs are preferably gradually separated and one of the strips of each two-wire strip line is gradually increasing in with so as to make it a ground plane for the strip on the other side of the substrate.
  • the components are preferably realized as integrated components on the PCB(s).
  • the configuration is intended to feed four log-periodic dipole arrays with two different polarizations.
  • the two wires of each of these two-wire lines also called differential or balanced lines, are then separated into two separate single-ended lines such as microstrip or coaxial lines 96, and low noise receivers (LNAs) 95 are located on each of these single-ended lines.
  • LNAs low noise receivers
  • the 4 outputs of the LNAs will then be combined with wideband 180 deg hybrids 94 and a two-way power combiner 93 to one port per polarization.
  • the two 180 deg hybrids and the power combiner can be exchanged with two power combiners and one 180 deg hybrid, respectively.
  • the received voltage waves on the 4 two-wire differential ports 97 are transformed to 4 single-ended lines by means of a wideband active balun 98.
  • This is a so-called differential LNA, which is not so easily available as single-ended LNAs.
  • the voltages are combined using one single wideband power combiner 93 per polarization.
  • each passive balun may be realized as transitions from two-wire strip lines to microstrip lines by increasing the width of one of the strips to become the ground plane of the other strip.

Claims (15)

  1. Antenne zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen, umfassend:
    einen leitenden Körper, der als eine Massefläche (4) wirkt; und
    wenigstens ein Paar von logarithmisch-periodischen Dipol-Anordnungen, die über der Massefläche angeordnet sind, wobei die Dipole (1) des Paares von logarithmisch-periodischen Anordnungen von Dipolen, welche Dipolpaare von parallelen und entgegengesetzten Dipolen der gleichen Abmessungen bilden und derart angeordnet sind, dass die geometrischen Mittelpunkte von jedem der Dipol-Paare und ihre Bilder in der Massefläche zusammenfallen, wobei jeder Dipol ein Faltdipol ist, welcher zwei oder mehrere parallele oder nahezu parallele leitende Streifen umfasst, die an einem oder mehreren Stellen oder über einen längeren Teil der leitenden Streifen verbunden sind;
    wobei eine Mehrzahl der gefalteten Dipole in jeder der logarithmischperiodischen Dipol-Anordnungen sich näher an dem geometrischen Mittelpunkt, der sich in einer ersten Ebene erstreckt, befindet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verbleibende, wenigstens eine gefaltete Dipol (21-23) am weitesten entfernt vom geometrischen Mittelpunkt angeordnet ist, um sich in wenigstens eine zusätzliche Ebene zu erstrecken, wobei die zusätzliche(n) Ebene(n) einen Winkel relativ zur ersten Ebene bildet/bilden.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Dipole in bestimmten Höhen über der Massefläche angeordnet sind, wobei die Höhe die gleiche für die Dipole in jedem Dipol Paar ist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, des Weiteren umfassend ein Speisesystem, welches mit dem kleinsten Dipol jeder logarithmischperiodischen Dipol-Anordnung verbunden ist, das heißt, dass die Dipole mit der höchsten Frequenz am nächsten zum geometrischen Zentrum der Antenne in der Massefläche gelegen sind.
  4. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ist wenigstens zwei Abschlussdipolpaare, vorzugsweise drei Abschlussdipolpaare vorgesehen sind.
  5. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Abschlussdipole einen Abschlussdipol, welcher sich in einer ersten zusätzlichen Ebene erstreckt, und wenigstens einen weiteren Abschlussdipol umfassen, welcher sich in einer zweiten zusätzlichen Ebene erstreckt.
  6. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei wenigstens zwei zusätzliche Ebenen vorgesehen sind, wobei die wenigstens zwei zusätzlichen Ebenen einen spitzen Winkel zueinander bilden, wie von der Massefläche aus gesehen.
  7. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei alle Dipole von jeder der logarithmisch-periodischen Dipol-Anordnungen und jene, die sich in einer ersten Ebene erstrecken, als Metallstreifen auf einem ebenen Substrat wie einer gedruckten Leiterplatte gedruckt sind, aber es keine Massefläche auf dem Substrat gibt.
  8. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Dipol zwei gegenüberliegende Arme mit einem Speisespalt zwischen ihnen aufweist und jeder Dipolarm zwei leitende Streifen umfasst, die an dem äußeren Ende verbunden sind und wobei die inneren Enden dieser beiden Streifen mit dem inneren Ende des näheren Streifen des benachbarten inneren oder äußeren Dipolarms jeweils unter Verwendung von Streifen verbunden sind, so dass eine Anordnung von Dipolen durch zwei gegenüberliegende schlangenförmige Streifen gebildet wird.
  9. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei sich die zwei oder mehreren leitenden Streifen der Arme der Dipole der logarithmischperiodischen Anordnung von Dipolen nichtlinear erstrecken, so dass sie konvex gekrümmt in Bezug auf die geometrischen Mittelpunkte sind.
  10. Antenne zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen, umfassend:
    einen leitenden Körper, der als eine Massefläche (4) wirkt; und
    wenigstens ein Paar von logarithmisch-periodischen Dipol-Anordnungen, die über der Massefläche angeordnet sind, wobei die Dipole (1) des Paares von logarithmisch-periodischen Anordnungen von Dipolen, die Dipolpaare von parallelen und entgegengesetzten Dipolen die gleichen Abmessungen bilden und derart angeordnet sind, dass die geometrischen Mittelpunkte von jedem der Dipol-Paare und ihre Bilder in der Massefläche zusammenfallen, wobei jeder Dipol ein Faltdipol ist, welcher zwei oder mehrere parallele oder nahezu parallele leitende Streifen umfasst, die an einem oder mehreren Stellen oder über einen längeren Teil der leitenden Streifen verbunden sind;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sich die zwei oder mehreren leitenden Streifen der Dipole in konvex gekrümmter Weise in Bezug auf den geometrischen Mittelpunkt in der Massefläche erstrecken.
  11. Antenne nach Anspruch 10, wobei sich eine Mehrzahl von Dipolen, die am nächsten zum geometrischen Mittelpunkt der logarithmisch-periodischen Dipol-Anordnung liegen, in einer gemeinsamen Ebene erstreckt.
  12. Antenne nach Anspruch 9, 10 oder 11, wobei die zwei oder mehreren leitenden Streifen der Dipole Kreissegmente bilden.
  13. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Antenne wenigstens zwei Paare von logarithmisch-periodischen DipolAnordnungen umfasst, wobei die Dipol-Anordnungen Blütenblätter bilden, die sich symmetrisch von einem gemeinsamen Zentrum aus erstrecken.
  14. Antenne nach Anspruch 13 , wie von Anspruch 10 abhängig, wobei die leitenden Leitungen der entsprechenden Dipole in den Blütenblättern im Wesentlichen einen Kreis bilden, wenn sie auf die Massenfläche projiziert werden, d.h., wenn von oberhalb der Antenne aus gesehen werden.
  15. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ungefähr die Hälfte der Dipolpaare der logarithmisch-periodischen Dipol-Anordnungen in eine Richtung ausgerichtet ist und der Rest in eine orthogonale Richtung ausgerichtet ist, um Wellen von dual-linearer Polarisation oder zirkulärer Polarisation zu senden oder zu empfangen.
EP11728297.0A 2011-06-30 2011-06-30 Verbesserte breitband-multidipolantenne mit frequenzunabhängigen strahlungseigenschaften Active EP2727183B1 (de)

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RU2780297C1 (ru) * 2021-11-10 2022-09-21 Дмитрий Алексеевич Антропов Щелевая антенна
WO2024015572A1 (en) * 2022-07-14 2024-01-18 John Mezzalingua Associates, LLC. Low profile low band dipole for small cell antennas

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