EP2724822B1 - Kraftgetriebenes Handwerkzeug - Google Patents

Kraftgetriebenes Handwerkzeug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2724822B1
EP2724822B1 EP13182738.8A EP13182738A EP2724822B1 EP 2724822 B1 EP2724822 B1 EP 2724822B1 EP 13182738 A EP13182738 A EP 13182738A EP 2724822 B1 EP2724822 B1 EP 2724822B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
control unit
power transmission
transmission unit
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13182738.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2724822A1 (de
Inventor
Norihiro Iwamura
Masaki Ikeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Publication of EP2724822A1 publication Critical patent/EP2724822A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2724822B1 publication Critical patent/EP2724822B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power tool including a power transmission unit capable of shifting speed reduction ratios.
  • a power tool includes a power transmission unit, which reduces the speed of the rotational power produced by a motor, and a control unit, which controls the power transmission unit to automatically shift the speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit (for example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-30347 ).
  • a power tool includes an output shaft and a tip tool (bit), which is coupled to the output shaft.
  • the load torque applied to the output shaft may be detected from the drive current supplied to the motor.
  • the control unit shifts the speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit based on the detected load torque.
  • WO 2012/114815 A1 and WO 2012/114804 A1 disclose power tools comprising a speed reduction mechanism unit and a speed reduction ratio switching means.
  • the speed reduction mechanism unit is formed from a switching member that slides in an axial direction and a gear member that engages with the switching member.
  • the speed reduction ratio switching means has an actuator control unit which controls a drive adjustment unit so as to keep the sliding amount of the switching member constant over a given period.
  • the power transmission unit includes gears.
  • An increase in the number of gears enlarges the power transmission unit. Since it is desirable that a power tool be compact, especially when the power tool is of a portable type, the number of gears in the power transmission unit is oftentimes limited to two. However, in such a case, when there are only two gears, the difference between two speed reduction ratios is large.
  • the control unit controls the power transmission unit to shift to a gear having a large speed reduction ratio.
  • an increase in the load torque may occur when, for example, the bolt is not properly fastened to the fastened subject thereby causing locking of the tip tool (output shaft), that is, locking of the motor.
  • the power transmission unit shifts to a gear having a large speed reduction ratio, a large impact is applied from the power tool to the user.
  • the power tool uses a power transmission unit having a large speed reduction ratio difference, the power tool applies an even larger impact to the user immediately after shifting to the large speed reduction ratio.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a power tool including a motor that generates rotational power.
  • a power transmission unit transmits the rotational power from the motor to an output shaft.
  • the power transmission unit is configured to reduce a rotation speed related to the rotational power and be capable of shifting a speed reduction ratio.
  • a gear shift actuator shifts a speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit.
  • a torque detector detects a load torque applied to the output shaft.
  • a control unit controls the gear shift actuator to shift the speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit in accordance with the detected load torque.
  • the control unit reduces an output of the motor until a predetermined time elapses from when the control unit increased the speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit by controlling the power transmission unit.
  • the power tool 10 is used as, for example, a drill driver. As shown in Fig. 1 , the power tool 10 includes a main body 11 and a battery pack 12, which is attached to the main body 11 in a removable manner.
  • the main body 11 includes a motor 21, which is driven when supplied with electric power from the battery pack 12, a power transmission unit 22, which reduces the speed of the rotational power from the motor 21, and a control unit 23, which controls the power tool 10.
  • the battery pack 12 includes a rechargeable battery formed by a plurality of battery cells (e.g., lithium-ion cells).
  • the motor 21 includes a rotation shaft 24.
  • the power transmission unit 22 reduces the rotation speed of the rotational power obtained from the motor 21 and transmits the rotational power to an output shaft 25.
  • the power transmission unit 22 includes two gears, namely, an H gear and an L gear.
  • a tip tool 26 (bit) is coupled to the tip of the output shaft 25.
  • the power tool 10 is configured to rotate the tip tool 26 together with the output shaft 25 by transmitting rotational power from the motor 21 via the power transmission unit 22 to the output shaft 25.
  • the power transmission unit 22 is set so that the speed reduction ratio of the L gear is greater than the speed reduction ratio of the H gear.
  • the L gear allows for low speed rotation with a high torque.
  • the power transmission unit 22 includes a gear shift actuator 27 that shifts the speed reduction ratio of the power transmission unit 22.
  • the gear shift actuator 27 may be a motor actuator.
  • the control unit 23 controls a gear shift driver 28 to supply the gear shift actuator 27 with a certain amount of electric power.
  • the gear shift actuator 27 is operated by the electric power supplied from the gear shift driver 28. Accordingly, the gear shift actuator 27 shifts the gears of the power transmission unit 22 under the control of the control unit 23 via the gear shift driver 28.
  • the main body 11 of the power tool 10 includes a drive state detector 27a that detects the position of the gear shift actuator 27.
  • the control unit 23 determines which one of the H gear and the L gear is selected in the power transmission unit 22.
  • the control unit 23 runs on voltage-regulated electric power supplied from the battery pack 12.
  • the gear shift driver 28 is formed by, for example, an H-bridge circuit using a switching element (e.g., FET).
  • the control unit 23 provides the gear shift driver 28 with a control signal.
  • the gear shift driver 28 changes the rotational direction of a motor for the gear shift actuator 27 and performs PWM control to supply the gear shift actuator 27 with electric power.
  • the main body 11 of the power tool 10 includes a switching drive circuit 29 formed by, for example, an H-bridge circuit using a plurality of switching elements (e.g., FETs).
  • the switching drive circuit 29 supplies the motor 21 with drive power.
  • the motor 21 generates rotation based on the electric power from the switching drive circuit 29.
  • the control unit 23 controls the switching drive circuit 29 and performs PWM control on the electric power from the battery pack 12 to supply the motor 21 with electric power. In other words, the control unit 23 controls the electric power supplied to the motor 21 via the switching drive circuit 29. This controls the rotation speed of the motor 21.
  • the main body 11 of the power tool 10 includes a trigger switch 31 that may be operated by a user.
  • the trigger switch 31, which is activated and deactivated by the user, starts and stops the motor 21. Further, the trigger switch 31 provides the control unit 23 with an output signal that is in accordance with the operation amount of the trigger switch 31 (pulled amount of trigger).
  • the control unit 23 controls the electric power supplied to the motor 21 by the switching drive circuit 29 based on the output signal from the trigger switch 31 to start and stop the motor 21 and adjust the rotation speed of the motor 21.
  • the main body 11 of the power tool 10 includes a current detector 41 arranged between the switching drive circuit 29 and the motor 21 to detect the drive current supplied to the motor 21.
  • the current detector 41 includes a detection resistor 42 and an amplification circuit 43 (operational amplifier).
  • the detection resistor 42 is connected between the switching drive circuit 29 and the motor 21.
  • the amplification circuit 43 amplifies the voltage across the terminals of the detection resistor 42 to generate a detection signal provided to the control unit 23.
  • the control unit 23 detects the drive current based on detection signals from the current detector 41 taken in predetermined sampling cycles. Further, the control unit 23 detects the load torque applied to the output shaft 25 (tip tool 26) based on the detected drive current and the gear to which the power transmission unit 22 is shifted when the drive current is detected.
  • the control unit 23 detects locking of the motor 21 based on the detected load torque and controls the motor 21 in accordance with the detection.
  • the control unit 23 controls the gear shift actuator 27 and automatically shifts the gears of the power transmission unit 22 based on the detected load torque.
  • the speed reduction mechanism of the power transmission unit 22 is, for example, a planetary gear speed reduction mechanism.
  • the speed reduction mechanism of the power transmission unit 22 includes a sun gear rotated about the axis of the rotation shaft 24 of the motor 21, planet gears engaged with the sun gear, and a ring gear engaged with the planet gears.
  • the gear shift actuator 27 moves the ring gear to change the planet gear engaged with the ring gear. This controls the gear of the power transmission unit 22.
  • the drive state detector 27a detects whether or not the gear shift actuator 27 has moved the ring gear to the correct position and provides the control unit 23 with a corresponding detection signal.
  • the control unit 23 controls the gear shift actuator 27 based on the detection signal of the drive state actuator.
  • the control unit 23 In the power tool 10, when the user pulls the trigger switch 31, the control unit 23 is provided with an output signal that is in accordance with the pulled amount.
  • the control unit 23 controls the switching drive circuit 29 based on the output signal from the trigger switch 31 to start and stop the motor 21 and control the rotation speed of the motor 21.
  • the power transmission unit 22 reduces the rotation speed of the rotational power from the motor 21 and transmits the rotational power to the output shaft 25 to rotate the tip tool 26.
  • the control unit 23 shifts the gears of the power transmission unit 22 to the H gear or the L gear in accordance with the load torque. More specifically, the H gear is selected in the power transmission unit 22 when the load torque is small to drive the tip tool 26 at a high rotation speed with a small torque.
  • the H gear is selected in the power transmission unit 22.
  • the L gear is selected in the power transmission unit 22. This drives the tip tool 26 at a low rotation speed with a high torque.
  • the control unit 23 detects locking of the motor 21 based on the detection signal from the current detector 41 and stops the motor 21 when detecting locking. After shifting to the L gear, the control unit 23 reduces the output of the motor 21.
  • the power tool 10 is driven with the H gear, and the load torque (load current) reaches a threshold current I0 at time t0.
  • the control unit 23 determines that the load torque T has satisfied a gear shift condition (reach threshold I0) and shifts the power transmission unit 22 from the H gear to the L gear.
  • the control unit 23 interrupts the supply of power to the motor 21.
  • Torque is proportional to current.
  • the control unit 23 reduces the current (output) of the motor 21 in three steps in accordance with the elapsed time. The reduction of the current will now be described in detail.
  • the control unit 23 uses the drive state detector 27a to detect the state of the gear shift actuator 27, that is, whether the H gear or the L gear is selected (step S10).
  • the control unit 23 determines with the drive state detector 27a that the H gear is selected (step S10: NO)
  • the control unit 23 continues to use the H gear.
  • step S10 When determining with the drive state detector 27a that the L gear is selected (step S10: YES), the control unit 23 determines whether or not a timer C has started to measure time (step S20).
  • step S20 NO
  • the control unit 23 resets the timer C (step S21). Then, the control unit 23 starts measuring time with the timer C (step S22).
  • the control unit 23 reduces the output in accordance with the elapsed time. More specifically, if the time elapsed from when the time measurement started is within time t2 (step S30: YES), the control unit 23 sets threshold I1 as the upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 (step S31). If the elapsed time from when the time measurement started is longer than or equal to time t2 (step S30: NO) but shorter than time t3 (step S32: YES), the control unit 23 sets threshold 12 as the upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 (step S33).
  • step S32 NO
  • step S34 YES
  • the control unit 23 sets threshold I3 as the upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 (step S35).
  • the control unit 23 controls the switching drive circuit 29 so that the upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 is at the threshold I1, I2, or I3 (step S11). In this manner, by reducing the load current of the motor 21 in steps, sudden torque changes are suppressed. This reduces the impact applied to the user.
  • step S34 if the elapsed time from when the time measurement started is longer than or equal to time t4 (step S34: NO), an upper limit is not set for the load current of the motor 21, that is, output reduction is not performed (step S36).
  • the control unit 23 does not set an upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 and controls the switching drive circuit 29 in accordance with the pulled amount of the trigger switch 31 and the like.
  • the control unit 23 operates the motor 21 with the maximum torque by cancelling the load current reduction control of the motor 21 so that the bolt may be completely fastened.
  • the present embodiment has the advantages described below.
  • the load current of the motor 21 is detected, and the output of the load current is suppressed.
  • the load current of the motor 21 corresponds to the duty ratio of the switching element (FET) in the switching drive circuit 29, the duty ratio may be suppressed to obtain the same advantages of the above embodiment.
  • the detection resistor 42 and the amplification circuit 43 that detect the load current of the motor 21 may be omitted.
  • the control unit 23 when shifting the power transmission unit 22 from the H gear to the L gear, if the power transmission unit 22 shifts to the L gear when the supply of power to the motor 21 is interrupted, the control unit 23 reduces the duty ratio (output) of the motor 21 in three steps as time elapses until a predetermined time elapses from when the power transmission unit 22 shifted to the L gear.
  • the control unit 23 uses the drive state detector 27a to detect the state of the gear shift actuator 27, that is, whether the H gear or the L gear is selected (step S10).
  • the control unit 23 determines whether or not a timer C has started to measure time (step S20).
  • step S20 NO
  • the control unit 23 resets the timer C (step S21). Then, the control unit 23 starts measuring time with the timer C (step S22).
  • the control unit 23 reduces the output in accordance with the elapsed time. More specifically, if the time elapsed from when the time measurement started is within time t2 (step S30: YES), the control unit 23 sets threshold D1 as the upper limit for the duty ratio of the motor 21 (step S41). If the elapsed time from when the time measurement started is longer than or equal to time t2 (step S30: NO) but shorter than time t3 (step S32: YES), the control unit 23 sets threshold D2 as the upper limit for the duty ratio of the motor 21 (step S42).
  • step S32 If the elapsed time from when the time measurement started is longer than or equal to time t3 (step S32: NO) but shorter than time t4 (step S34: YES), the control unit 23 sets threshold D3 as the upper limit for the load current of the motor 21 (step S43).
  • the control unit 23 controls the switching drive circuit 29 so that the upper limit for the duty ratio of the motor 21 is at the threshold D1, D2, or D3 (step S11). In this manner, by reducing the duty ratio (output) of the motor 21 in steps, advantage (2) of the above embodiment is obtained.
  • step S44 if the elapsed time from when the time measurement started is longer than or equal to time t4 (step S34: NO), an upper limit is not set for the duty ratio of the motor 21, that is, output reduction is not performed (step S44).
  • the control unit 23 does not set an upper limit for the duty ratio of the motor 21 and controls the switching drive circuit 29 in accordance with the pulled amount of the trigger switch 31 and the like.
  • the control unit 23 operates the motor 21 with the maximum torque by cancelling the duty ratio reduction control of the motor 21 so that the bolt may be completely fastened.
  • the output after shifting to the L gear, the output is suppressed in three steps but may be suppressed in one step or two steps.
  • the output may also be suppressed in four or more steps.
  • a rotation detector 51 may be used to detect locking of the motor 21 based on the rotation speed of the motor 21.
  • the rotation detector 51 may be arranged on the rotation shaft 24 of the motor 21.
  • the rotation detector 51 includes a sensor magnet 52, which is provided with magnetic poles fixed to and rotated integrally with the rotation shaft 24, and a Hall element 53, which is arranged opposing the sensor magnet 52.
  • the Hall element 53 provides the control unit 23 with a detection signal indicating changes in the magnetic flux based on the rotation of the sensor magnet 52.
  • the control unit 23 detects the rotation speed of the motor 21 based on the detection signal from the rotation detector 51.
  • the control unit 23 also detects locking of the motor 21 from changes in the rotation speed.
  • control unit 23 detects locking of the motor 21 from the rotation speed of the motor 21 detected by the rotation detector 51.
  • the control unit 23 is configured to detect locking of the motor 21 based on both load torque T and rotation speed. For example, the control unit 23 determines that locking of the motor 21 is not occurring when the rotation speed does not decrease or the decreasing rate of the rotation speed is low. This increases the accuracy for detecting the locking of the motor 21.
  • the load torque T is indirectly detected from the load current supplied to the motor 21. Instead, the torque applied to the output shaft 25 may be directly measured.
  • the power transmission unit 22 shifts to two speed reduction ratios. Instead, the power transmission unit 22 may shift to three or more speed reduction ratios.
  • the gear shift actuator 27 includes a motor actuator.
  • the gear shift actuator 27 does not have to use a motor as a drive source and may use a solenoid or the like instead.
  • the power tool 10 is embodied in a drill driver but may be embodied in a different type of power tool such as an impact driver, an impact wrench, a hammer drill, a vibration drill, a jigsaw, and a sealing gun.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Kraftgetriebenes Werkzeug (10), enthaltend:
    einen Motor (21), der eine Drehkraft generiert;
    eine Kraftübertragungseinheit (22), welche die Drehkraft vom Motor (21) an eine Ausgangswelle (25) überträgt, wobei die Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) konfiguriert ist, eine Drehzahl in Bezug auf die Drehkraft zu reduzieren, und in der Lage ist, ein Drehzahluntersetzungsverhältnis zu schalten;
    einen Gangaktuator (27), der ein Drehzahluntersetzungsverhältnis der Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) schaltet;
    einen Drehmomentdetektor (41), der ein an die Ausgangswelle (25) angelegtes Lastdrehmoment erfasst; und
    eine Steuereinheit (23), welche den Gangaktuator (27) steuert, um das Drehzahluntersetzungsverhältnis der Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) in Übereinstimmung mit dem erfassten Lastdrehmoment zu schalten, wobei die Steuereinheit (23) eine Ausgangsleistung des Motors (21) reduziert, bis eine vordefinierte Zeit ab dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Steuereinheit (23) durch Steuern der Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) das Drehzahluntersetzungsverhältnis der Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) erhöht hat, verstrichen ist, wobei das kraftgetriebene Werkzeug dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    die Steuereinheit (23) den Gangaktuator (27) steuert, um die reduzierte Ausgangsleistungsmenge des Motors allmählich zu verringern, während die Zeit verstreicht.
  2. Kraftgetriebenes Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    die Steuereinheit (23) den Gangaktuator (27) steuert, um die reduzierte Ausgangsleistungsmenge des Motors (21) schrittweise zu verringern.
  3. Kraftgetriebenes Werkzeug nach Anspruch 2, welches gekennzeichnet ist durch:
    einen Zeitgeber (C), welcher die seit der Änderung des Drehzahluntersetzungsverhältnisses der Kraftübertragungseinheit (22) verstrichene Zeit misst,
    wobei die Steuereinheit (23) den Gangaktuator (27) steuert und allmählich die reduzierte Ausgangsleistungsmenge des Motors (21) stufenweise entsprechend der vom Zeitgeber (C) gemessenen Zeit verringert.
EP13182738.8A 2012-09-07 2013-09-03 Kraftgetriebenes Handwerkzeug Active EP2724822B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012197103A JP5958817B2 (ja) 2012-09-07 2012-09-07 電動工具

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2724822A1 EP2724822A1 (de) 2014-04-30
EP2724822B1 true EP2724822B1 (de) 2017-06-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13182738.8A Active EP2724822B1 (de) 2012-09-07 2013-09-03 Kraftgetriebenes Handwerkzeug

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EP (1) EP2724822B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5958817B2 (de)
CN (1) CN103659747B (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112140066B (zh) * 2019-06-11 2024-04-09 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 一种电动工具

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002051587A (ja) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-15 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd 電動工具の反動制御回路
JP5242974B2 (ja) * 2007-08-24 2013-07-24 株式会社マキタ 電動工具
CN201300410Y (zh) * 2008-09-05 2009-09-02 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 变速工具
JP5275117B2 (ja) * 2008-10-10 2013-08-28 株式会社マキタ 電動工具
JP2011047465A (ja) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-10 Panasonic Electric Works Power Tools Co Ltd 回転電動工具の自動変速装置
JP5534327B2 (ja) * 2010-05-19 2014-06-25 日立工機株式会社 電動工具
JP5760173B2 (ja) 2010-07-06 2015-08-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電動工具
JP5491346B2 (ja) * 2010-10-13 2014-05-14 株式会社マキタ 電動工具およびプログラム
CN103009349A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2013-04-03 日立工机株式会社 冲击工具
CN102562959A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-11 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 变速工具
JP5662829B2 (ja) * 2011-02-22 2015-02-04 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電動工具
JP5314716B2 (ja) * 2011-02-22 2013-10-16 パナソニック株式会社 電動工具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103659747B (zh) 2016-01-20
JP5958817B2 (ja) 2016-08-02
JP2014050924A (ja) 2014-03-20
EP2724822A1 (de) 2014-04-30
CN103659747A (zh) 2014-03-26

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