EP2722429B1 - Insulating product - Google Patents

Insulating product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2722429B1
EP2722429B1 EP13188890.1A EP13188890A EP2722429B1 EP 2722429 B1 EP2722429 B1 EP 2722429B1 EP 13188890 A EP13188890 A EP 13188890A EP 2722429 B1 EP2722429 B1 EP 2722429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nodules
mineral wool
fibres
flocks
plant origin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP13188890.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2722429A1 (en
EP2722429B8 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Buisson
Dominica Lizarazu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isonat
Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Original Assignee
Sas Buitex Recyclage
Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Publication date
Application filed by Sas Buitex Recyclage, Saint Gobain Isover SA France filed Critical Sas Buitex Recyclage
Priority to PL13188890T priority Critical patent/PL2722429T3/en
Priority to SI201330786T priority patent/SI2722429T1/en
Publication of EP2722429A1 publication Critical patent/EP2722429A1/en
Publication of EP2722429B1 publication Critical patent/EP2722429B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2722429B8 publication Critical patent/EP2722429B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulating product, more particularly to a fibrous insulating product.
  • Insulating products based on mineral wool are well known. They are very good thermal insulators, thanks to their oriented fibrous structure which limits the thermal conductivity through the product.
  • mineral wools are made mainly from mineral materials, including natural or recycled products (recycled glass), and thus have an interesting environmental balance.
  • insulating products based on plant fibers
  • They are less efficient thermal insulators than insulating products based on mineral fibers, mainly because the shape of the fibers and the production techniques make it possible to obtain products where the orientation and organization of the fibers is not sufficient. controlled.
  • These products nevertheless meet a growing demand for building materials derived from biobased materials, particularly if they are of local geographical origin close to the place of production.
  • the document WO 83/01260 discloses a plastic reinforcing product comprising a non-woven mat of jute fibers held together by binder. Mica flakes and / or individualized glass fibers may be bonded to the mat.
  • US 2010/0096580 A1 discloses a molded material for thermal and / or acoustic insulation and a method for producing the product.
  • This product includes flakes of mineral wool or mixed flakes made of mineral fibers and wood fibers.
  • the binder, sprayed on the flakes, may be in liquid, pulverulent or fibrous form.
  • the fibers of vegetable origin are wood fibers or hemp fibers.
  • the binder resin is based on starch, or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are glass wool with a micronaire less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 Umin, preferably less than 10 L / min, especially between 3 and 7 Umin, especially 5 to 6 L / min or rockwool with a fasonaire of at least 250.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • the fibers of plant origin have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and a length between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.
  • the coating of plant fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool by the liquid binder resin is achieved by passing the plant fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, conveyed at a speed between 20 and 40 m / s, in a tunnel in which the liquid binder resin is in suspension.
  • the formation of the mattress is carried out by passing through a curtain of spiked rollers and then through an inclined belt of spike feed rollers.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are of mineral wool of the type to blow, preferably free of binder, and may contain anti-dust and / or anti-static additives.
  • the fibers of plant origin provided are wood fibers or hemp fibers.
  • the liquid binder resin is based on starch, or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are glass wool with a micronaire less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 L / min, preferably less than 10 L / min, in particular between 3 and 7 L / min, especially 5 to 6 L / min or rockwool with a fasonaire of at least 250.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • the mass ratio of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided on the fibers of plant origin provided is between 85/15 and 20/80 and the percentage of binder resin is between 3 and 20% of the mass. total, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total mass.
  • the fibers of plant origin provided have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex or between 25 and 55 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17. decitex, and a length of between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.
  • the invention relates to an insulating product comprising fibers of plant origin, nodules or flakes of mineral wool comprising mineral fibers, and binder resin encapsulating the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool.
  • the fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are bonded together by the binder resin.
  • the invention manages to offer a combination of mineral wool and plant fibers, which has a better insulating power than that of a plant fiber product.
  • the binder resin coats all the fibers and nodules or flakes of the insulating product homogeneously, which allows a very good cohesion between the fibers. This also makes it possible to assemble fibers of distant dimensional characteristics.
  • the insulating product of the invention is an insulating blanket which may be in the form of panels or rolls. It comprises fibers of plant origin, such as wood fibers or any vegetable fibers, and nodules or flakes of mineral wool. Binder resin makes it possible to assemble and bind together the fibers of plant origin and the mineral fibers. The binder resin gives the product good mechanical strength, which allows its handling in the form of a panel, but also a good resilience, which allows its roll-up in the form of roll of mattresses, with the insurance for the mattress to recover its thickness after being unrolled.
  • wood fibers as a preferred form of fibers of plant origin, but it is understood that this term generally means fibers of vegetable origin which are useful according to the invention. .
  • the fibers of plant origin are mainly networked reinforcing fibers, with a dispersion of nodules or flakes of mineral wool in the interstices of the network.
  • the binder resin will contribute all the more to the frame that it will be in large quantities.
  • Mineral wool nodules or flakes are packaged fibers, and not individualized fibers such as wood fibers, which allows them to appropriately fill the interstices of the reinforcing fiber network, thereby reducing thermal conductivity. of the assembly by preventing the air from being able to circulate through the insulating product.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are preferably made of glass wool, with a micronaire preferably less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 L / min, preferably less than 10 L / min, especially between 3 and 7 L / min, especially 5 to 6 L / min.
  • the average diameter of the fibers is then preferably less than 2 microns, or even 1 micron.
  • the micronaire is measured according to the method described in the document WO-A-03/098209 .
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are made of rock wool with a fasonaire of at least 250.
  • the fasonaire is determined in the following manner: a test piece (5g) consisting of a tuft of mineral wool is weighed oil and binder but may have non-fibrous components (slug). This test piece is compressed in a given volume and is traversed by a stream of gas (dry air or nitrogen) maintained at a rate constant. The measurement of fasonaire is then the pressure drop across the test piece, evaluated by a water column graduated in conventional unit. Conventionally, a result of fasonaire is the average of the pressure losses observed for ten specimens.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool have a length of between 0.05 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.1 and 1 cm. These flakes or nodules are made up of fibers that get entangled in the form of small packets, small wicks or "pilling". By length of the flakes or nodules is meant in this description the length of these packets in their largest dimension.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are, for example, glass wool flakes of the type used for blown wool insulation, for example of the type of wool marketed by Saint-Gobain Isover under the brands Comblissimo® or Kretsull® or by Certainteed under the brand name Insulsafe®. These flakes are generally free of binder and may contain anti-dust and / or anti-static additives such as oils. Alternatively, nodules or flakes containing a small amount of binder, less than 6% by dry weight relative to the mass of the nodules, can be used, for example in the case of mineral wool (glass or rock) nodulated obtained from a mattress.
  • the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are for example derived from a mineral wool having a resistance to the passage of air greater than or equal to 10 kPa.s / m 2 for a density greater than or equal to 10 kg / m 3 .
  • the fibers of plant origin typically wood or hemp, have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and length between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.
  • the binder resin is for example a starch-based resin (for example 100% starch after drying), or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin. It is applied liquid on the fibers before the formation of the mattress. The mattress is then placed in an oven to dry the resin.
  • a starch-based resin for example 100% starch after drying
  • a formophenolic resin and starch or an acrylic resin.
  • the mass ratio of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool on the fibers of plant origin is generally between 85/15 and 20/80, the terminals being included. Thus this mass ratio is for example equal to 85/15, 80/20, 65/35, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 35/65, 30/70 or 20/80.
  • the thermal conductivity and the resistance to the passage of air vary according to this mass ratio.
  • the color of the insulating product varies according to this mass ratio. Indeed, the wood fiber is brown while the mineral wool is generally of different color.
  • the insulating product according to the invention thus makes it possible to propose a range of products of different grades, each shade corresponding to a mass ratio of the fibers of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool to the fibers of plant origin, and which can be associated with a conductivity. thermal or other property representative of the insulating power.
  • the level of binder resin in the finished product is between 3 and 20%, preferably between 4 and 15%, of the total mass. It must be sufficient to ensure good cohesion of the insulation blanket, especially when it is handled, and as little as possible to limit costs and limit the input of polymer products with mechanical function.
  • the mineral wool content is between 5 and 95% of the total mass.
  • the fiber content of plant origin is between 5 and 95% of the total mass.
  • the insulating product of the invention is produced by a mechanical method, which is also the subject of the invention.
  • fibers of vegetable origin and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, as described above, are provided, packaged in bales of compressed material.
  • the nodules or flakes made of glass wool are for example produced by fiberizing, by means of an internal centrifugation device comprising a centrifuge, or centrifugation plate, able to rotate about a vertical axis and whose peripheral band is pierced with a plurality of orifices.
  • a basket with a solid bottom is associated with the bottomless centrifuge.
  • the cylindrical wall of the basket is pierced with a small number of relatively large orifices, for example with a diameter of about 3 mm.
  • a stream of molten glass feeds the centrifuge and flows into the basket.
  • the molten glass, passing through the orifices of the basket, is then distributed in the form of primary nets and directed towards the inside of the peripheral strip from which they are expelled through the orifices of the plate under the effect of the centrifugal force in the form of filaments.
  • the flow rate of the molten material arriving in the centrifuge is less than 18 tonnes / day for a centrifuge having a number of orifices of at least 32,000, and preferably at most 14 tonnes / day and a number of orifices. for a centrifuge having a number of orifices of at least 36,000.
  • the centrifugation plate has a diameter of between 200 and 800 mm, preferably equal to 600 mm.
  • the height of the piercing band of the plate, the height over which the orifices spread, does not exceed 35 mm.
  • the plate contains two or more annular zones superimposed on each other, the centrifuge orifices having from one zone to another of the rows of orifices of different diameter and the diameter per annular row being decreasing from the top to the bottom of the peripheral band of the plate in the centrifugation position.
  • the diameter of the orifices is between 0.5 and 1.1 mm.
  • the distance between the centers of the neighboring orifices of the same annular zone is essentially constant over a whole annular zone, this distance varying from one zone to the other by at least 3% or even by at least 10% and decreasing by top down the circumferential band of the plate in the centrifugation position, with in particular a distance of between 0.8 mm and 2 mm.
  • the internal centrifugation device also comprises a gas stretching device consisting of an annular burner which delivers a gaseous stream at high temperature and speed along the wall of the centrifuge.
  • This burner serves to maintain the high temperature of the wall of the centrifuge and contributes to the thinning of the filaments to turn them into fibers.
  • the stretching gas stream is generally channeled by means of an enveloping cold gas layer. This gaseous layer is produced by a blowing ring surrounding the annular burner. Cold, it also helps to cool the fibers whose mechanical strength is thus improved by a thermal quenching effect.
  • the temperature of the gas jet at the outlet of the burner is between 1350 and 1500 ° C, preferably around 1400 ° C.
  • a burner pressure of 500 mm CE makes it possible to generate micronaire fibers of 5.5 L / min.
  • the mineral wool fibers are made into nodules as explained in the document FR-A-2,661,687 .
  • Fibers of vegetable origin in particular wood fibers, can be prepared as indicated below.
  • the wood fibers come from softwood logs.
  • the logs are cut into rectangular shaped plates having a length of between 2 and 5 cm and a thickness of between about 10 mm and about 40 mm.
  • the platelets then undergo a temperature increase of between 70 ° C. and 90 ° C. and are softened by steam injection.
  • the moisture content of the platelets is then regulated between 80% and 140%, preferably about 140%, so as to obtain the best conditions for the defibration.
  • the excess water is discharged through a tube pierced with a plurality of orifices.
  • the flexible and expanded plates are then defibrated by means of a defibration device.
  • the defibration device comprises a static disk and a rotating disk comprising segments 42 mm high and rotating at a speed of 1500 rpm.
  • the two discs are arranged vertically, parallel to each other, and the pads pass between the two discs. The smaller the spacing between the segments, the smaller the diameter of the fibers extracted from the platelets.
  • the fibers extracted from the platelets may undergo a treatment, for example flame retardant and / or anti-moisture and / or anti-static and / or anti-fungal and / or hydrophobic and / or resin coating.
  • a treatment for example flame retardant and / or anti-moisture and / or anti-static and / or anti-fungal and / or hydrophobic and / or resin coating.
  • the wood fibers are then dried to reduce their moisture content. At the end of drying, the moisture content of the wood fibers is between 4 and 25%.
  • the fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are firstly mixed.
  • the balls of materials tablets are open.
  • Wood fibers or nodules or flakes of mineral wool are aerated to facilitate mixing.
  • the wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool are loaded by different loading devices on a collector conveyor to achieve a premix. This makes it easy to adjust the quantities of each material.
  • the premix penetrates into a pre-ouvreuse, machine comprising a cylinder of diameter 750 mm provided with radial points of diameter 0.8 mm and rotating at a speed of 700 rpm.
  • the pre-worker can mix wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool in an intimate way.
  • an opener for example an opener named "EXEL” marketed by Laroche.
  • the opener can comb and refine wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool.
  • the opener comprises a 500 mm diameter cylinder with 75,000 inclined tips of 0.8 mm diameter.
  • the opener has for example a width of between 1 and 2 m.
  • the mixture of wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool is introduced between a roller and a trough, which keeps the wood fibers and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool tight against each other during the work of the opener.
  • the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool once mixed are then coated with liquid binder resin.
  • the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are launched at a speed of between 20 and 40 m / s in a tunnel about 100 m long.
  • the liquid binder resin suspended in the tunnel encapsulates the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool.
  • This method of coating the fibers with a liquid binder resin which will be subsequently dried in an oven, makes it possible to produce a mattress with fibers (wood and mineral) of very different dimensional characteristics: coarse wood fibers, which serve frame and mineral fibers, very fine, which fit into the interstices of the reinforcement network and which improve the thermie.
  • This process also makes it possible to coat all of the wood fibers and mineral wool nodules or flakes in a homogeneous manner, which will subsequently make it possible to obtain a mattress that holds well and is resilient.
  • the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool mixed and coated with liquid binding resin are then formed into a mattress by an aeromechanical process.
  • the aeromechanical shaping process is for example carried out by the "formstation” machine marketed by Dieffenbacher or Siquelkampf.
  • the fibers and flakes or nodules pass through a substantially vertical curtain of spiked rollers arranged horizontally and parallel to each other.
  • the roll of the rollers has a height similar to that of the thickness of the fibers and flakes or nodules, about 1.5 m.
  • the distribution rollers are spiked rollers arranged horizontally and parallel to one another. This spreader roll mat is at an angle of 45 ° or more with the horizontal. He climbs away from the curtain of spiked rollers. The larger the angle, the larger the mattress will be.
  • the fibers and flakes or nodules fall on a conveyor belt.
  • a clipping roller closes the top of the mattress to give it a uniform thickness.
  • the mat thus obtained is then passed through an oven to dry the binder and consolidate the mattress for handling.
  • the thermo-fixing furnace comprises in enfilade four to six heating chambers and two cooling chambers.
  • the temperature in the heating chambers gradually increases, for example from 120 ° C to 250 ° C, from one chamber to the next. This makes it possible to obtain homogeneity of crosslinking of the binder resin. Adjustable speed ventilation is provided in the different rooms.
  • the dried binder resin creates a junction between the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool, which makes it possible to obtain cohesion between all the fibers, of vegetable and mineral origin.
  • a thermal shock for example passing from a temperature of 250 ° C. to a temperature of 40 ° C.
  • the binder resin is then cured.
  • the insulating product as described above is then fixed, while being resilient.
  • the described method makes it possible to produce an insulating product as described above, very good thermal insulator.
  • the inventors have found that the thermal conductivity of the insulating product increases when the mass of wood relative to the mass of mineral wool decreases. This makes it possible to propose a varied range of insulating products according to the invention. This also proves that the conductivity of insulating products based on plant fibers is improved thanks to the invention.
  • the inventors have also found that the resistivity to the passage of air increases and the thermal conductivity decreases when the amount of glass wool increases.
  • the combination of plant fiber + glass flake + binder resin coating the wood fibers and glass flake fibers with aeromechanical process makes it possible to form a surprisingly resistive mattress with regard to its porosity.
  • the insulating product according to the invention makes it possible to improve the thermal conductivity and the air resistance of an insulating product derived from biosourced materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un produit isolant, plus particulièrement un produit isolant fibreux.The invention relates to an insulating product, more particularly to a fibrous insulating product.

Les produits isolants à base de laine minérale sont bien connus. Ils constituent de très bons isolants thermiques, grâce à leur structure fibreuse orientée qui limite la conductivité thermique au travers du produit. En outre, les laines minérales sont fabriquées essentiellement à partir de matières minérales, notamment naturelles ou de produits recyclés (verre recyclé), et présentent ainsi un bilan environnemental intéressant.Insulating products based on mineral wool are well known. They are very good thermal insulators, thanks to their oriented fibrous structure which limits the thermal conductivity through the product. In addition, mineral wools are made mainly from mineral materials, including natural or recycled products (recycled glass), and thus have an interesting environmental balance.

D'autres produits isolants, à base de fibres végétales, sont également connus. Ils constituent des isolants thermiques moins performants que les produits isolants à base de fibres minérales, essentiellement parce que la forme des fibres et les techniques de production permettent d'obtenir des produits où l'orientation et l'organisation des fibres n'est pas suffisamment contrôlée. Ces produits répondent néanmoins à une demande croissante de matériaux de construction dérivés de matières biosourcées, en particulier s'ils sont d'origine géographique locale proche du lieu de production.Other insulating products, based on plant fibers, are also known. They are less efficient thermal insulators than insulating products based on mineral fibers, mainly because the shape of the fibers and the production techniques make it possible to obtain products where the orientation and organization of the fibers is not sufficient. controlled. These products nevertheless meet a growing demand for building materials derived from biobased materials, particularly if they are of local geographical origin close to the place of production.

Le document WO 83/01260 décrit un produit pour le renforcement de plastique, comprenant un mat non tissé de fibres de jute maintenues ensemble par du liant. Des paillettes de mica et/ou des fibres de verre individualisées peuvent être liées au mat.The document WO 83/01260 discloses a plastic reinforcing product comprising a non-woven mat of jute fibers held together by binder. Mica flakes and / or individualized glass fibers may be bonded to the mat.

Le document US 2010/0096580 A1 décrit un matériau moulé pour l'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique et un procédé pour réaliser le produit. Ce produit comprend des flocons de laine minérale ou des flocons mixtes en fibres minérales et fibres de bois. Le liant, pulvérisé sur les flocons, peut être sous forme liquide, pulvérulente ou fibreuse.The document US 2010/0096580 A1 discloses a molded material for thermal and / or acoustic insulation and a method for producing the product. This product includes flakes of mineral wool or mixed flakes made of mineral fibers and wood fibers. The binder, sprayed on the flakes, may be in liquid, pulverulent or fibrous form.

Il y a donc un besoin pour un produit isolant dérivé de matières biosourcées dont la performance thermique soit améliorée.There is therefore a need for an insulating product derived from biosourced materials whose thermal performance is improved.

Pour cela, l'invention propose un produit isolant comprenant :

  • des fibres d'origine végétale,
  • des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale comprenant des fibres minérales, et
  • de la résine liante enrobant les fibre d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale,
les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale étant liés entre eux par la résine liante, le rapport massique des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sur les fibres d'origine végétale étant compris entre 85/15 et 20/80, et le pourcentage de résine liante étant compris entre 3 et 20% de la masse totale, de préférence entre 4 et 15% de la masse totale.For this, the invention proposes an insulating product comprising:
  • fibers of plant origin,
  • nodules or flakes of mineral wool comprising mineral fibers, and
  • binder resin encapsulating the fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool,
the fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool being bound together by the binder resin, the mass ratio of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool on the fibers of vegetable origin being between 85/15 and 20/80; , and the percentage of binder resin being between 3 and 20% of the total mass, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total mass.

Selon une autre particularité, les fibres d'origine végétales sont des fibres de bois ou des fibres de chanvre.According to another particularity, the fibers of vegetable origin are wood fibers or hemp fibers.

Selon une autre particularité, la résine liante est à base d'amidon, ou une résine formophénolique et amidon, ou une résine acrylique.In another feature, the binder resin is based on starch, or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin.

Selon une autre particularité, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont en laine de verre avec un micronaire inférieur à 15 L/min, notamment inférieur à 12 Umin, de préférence inférieur à 10 L/min, notamment compris entre 3 et 7 Umin, tout particulièrement de 5 à 6 L/min ou en laine de roche avec un fasonaire d'au moins 250.According to another feature, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are glass wool with a micronaire less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 Umin, preferably less than 10 L / min, especially between 3 and 7 Umin, especially 5 to 6 L / min or rockwool with a fasonaire of at least 250.

Selon une autre particularité, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale ont une longueur comprise entre 0,3 et 3 cm, notamment entre 0,5 et 2 cm.According to another feature, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Selon une autre particularité, les fibres d'origine végétale ont un diamètre compris entre 0,8 et 55 décitex, de préférence entre 0,8 et 25 décitex, de façon encore préférée entre 0,8 et 17 décitex, et une longueur comprise entre 0,2 et 20 mm, de préférence entre 0,3 et 4 mm.According to another feature, the fibers of plant origin have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and a length between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de formation d'un produit isolant décrit plus haut, comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture de fibres d'origine végétale et de nodules ou flocons de laine minérale,
  • fourniture d'une résine liante liquide,
  • mélange des fibres d'origine végétale et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale, le rapport massique des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale
  • fournis sur les fibres d'origine végétale fournies étant compris entre 85/15 et 20/80,
  • enrobage des fibres d'origine végétale et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale par la résine liante liquide, le pourcentage de résine liante étant compris entre 3 et 20% de la masse totale, de préférence entre 4 et 15% de la masse totale,
  • formation d'un matelas à partir du mélange des fibres d'origine végétales et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale, enrobé(e)s de résine liante, par un procédé aéromécanique,
  • passage du matelas dans une étuve.
The invention also relates to a method of forming an insulating product described above, comprising the following steps:
  • supply of vegetable fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool,
  • providing a liquid binder resin,
  • mixture of fibers of vegetable origin and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, the mass ratio of nodules or flakes of mineral wool
  • provided on the fibers of plant origin provided being between 85/15 and 20/80,
  • coating the fibers of vegetable origin and nodules or flakes of mineral wool with the liquid binder resin, the percentage of binder resin being between 3 and 20% of the total mass, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total mass,
  • forming a mattress from the mixture of fibers of plant origin and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, coated with binding resin, by an aeromechanical process,
  • passage of the mattress in an oven.

Selon une autre particularité, l'enrobage des fibres d'origine végétale et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale par la résine liante liquide est réalisé faisant passer les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale, véhiculées à une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 40 m/s, dans un tunnel dans lequel la résine liante liquide est en suspension.According to another feature, the coating of plant fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool by the liquid binder resin is achieved by passing the plant fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, conveyed at a speed between 20 and 40 m / s, in a tunnel in which the liquid binder resin is in suspension.

Selon une autre particularité, la formation du matelas est réalisée par passage à travers un rideau de rouleaux à pointes puis à travers un tapis incliné de rouleaux répartiteurs à pointes.According to another particular feature, the formation of the mattress is carried out by passing through a curtain of spiked rollers and then through an inclined belt of spike feed rollers.

Selon une autre particularité, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale fournis sont en laine minérale du type à souffler, de préférence dépourvus de liant, et peuvent contenir des additifs anti-poussière et/ou anti-statique.According to another particularity, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are of mineral wool of the type to blow, preferably free of binder, and may contain anti-dust and / or anti-static additives.

Selon une autre particularité, les fibres d'origine végétale fournies sont des fibres de bois ou des fibres de chanvre.According to another particularity, the fibers of plant origin provided are wood fibers or hemp fibers.

Selon une autre particularité, la résine liante liquide est à base d'amidon, ou une résine formophénolique et amidon, ou une résine acrylique.In another feature, the liquid binder resin is based on starch, or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin.

Selon une autre particularité, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale fournies sont en laine de verre avec un micronaire inférieur à 15 L/min, notamment inférieur à 12 L/min, de préférence inférieur à 10 L/min, notamment compris entre 3 et 7 L/min, tout particulièrement de 5 à 6 L/min ou en laine de roche avec un fasonaire d'au moins 250.According to another particularity, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are glass wool with a micronaire less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 L / min, preferably less than 10 L / min, in particular between 3 and 7 L / min, especially 5 to 6 L / min or rockwool with a fasonaire of at least 250.

Selon une autre particularité, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale fournis ont une longueur comprise entre 0,3 et 3 cm, notamment entre 0,5 et 2 cm.According to another particularity, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Selon une autre particularité, le rapport massique des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale fournis sur les fibres d'origine végétale fournies est compris entre 85/15 et 20/80 et le pourcentage de résine liante est compris entre 3 et 20% de la masse totale, de préférence entre 4 et 15% de la masse totale.According to another feature, the mass ratio of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided on the fibers of plant origin provided is between 85/15 and 20/80 and the percentage of binder resin is between 3 and 20% of the mass. total, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total mass.

Selon une autre particularité, les fibres d'origine végétale fournies ont un diamètre compris entre 0,8 et 55 décitex, de préférence entre 0,8 et 25 décitex ou entre 25 et 55 décitex, de façon encore préférée entre 0,8 et 17 décitex, et une longueur comprise entre 0,2 et 20 mm, de préférence entre 0,3 et 4 mm.According to another feature, the fibers of plant origin provided have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex or between 25 and 55 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17. decitex, and a length of between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.

L'invention se rapporte à un produit isolant comprenant des fibres d'origine végétale, des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale comprenant des fibres minérales, et de la résine liante enrobant les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale. Les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont liés entre eux par la résine liante.The invention relates to an insulating product comprising fibers of plant origin, nodules or flakes of mineral wool comprising mineral fibers, and binder resin encapsulating the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool. The fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are bonded together by the binder resin.

Ainsi, l'invention parvient à offrir une combinaison de laine minérale et de fibres d'origine végétale, qui a un meilleur pouvoir isolant que celui d'un produit en fibres d'origine végétale. De plus, la résine liante enrobe l'ensemble des fibres et nodules ou flocons du produit isolant de façon homogène, ce qui permet une très bonne cohésion entre les fibres. Cela permet également d'assembler des fibres de caractéristiques dimensionnelles éloignées.Thus, the invention manages to offer a combination of mineral wool and plant fibers, which has a better insulating power than that of a plant fiber product. In addition, the binder resin coats all the fibers and nodules or flakes of the insulating product homogeneously, which allows a very good cohesion between the fibers. This also makes it possible to assemble fibers of distant dimensional characteristics.

Le produit isolant de l'invention est un matelas isolant qui peut se présenter sous forme panneaux ou de rouleaux. Il comprend des fibres d'origine végétale, telles que des fibres de bois ou toutes fibres végétales, et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale. De la résine liante permet d'assembler et lier entre elles les fibres d'origine végétale et les fibres minérales. La résine liante confère au produit une bonne résistance mécanique, ce qui permet sa manipulation sous forme de panneau, mais aussi une bonne résilience, ce qui permet son enroulement sous forme de rouleau de matelas, avec l'assurance pour le matelas de retrouver son épaisseur après avoir été déroulé.The insulating product of the invention is an insulating blanket which may be in the form of panels or rolls. It comprises fibers of plant origin, such as wood fibers or any vegetable fibers, and nodules or flakes of mineral wool. Binder resin makes it possible to assemble and bind together the fibers of plant origin and the mineral fibers. The binder resin gives the product good mechanical strength, which allows its handling in the form of a panel, but also a good resilience, which allows its roll-up in the form of roll of mattresses, with the insurance for the mattress to recover its thickness after being unrolled.

Dans la suite de la description on parlera de façon non limitative de fibres de bois, comme une forme préférée de fibres d'origine végétale, mais il est entendu que ce terme signifie de manière générale les fibres d'origine végétale utiles selon l'invention.In the remainder of the description, reference will be made to wood fibers, as a preferred form of fibers of plant origin, but it is understood that this term generally means fibers of vegetable origin which are useful according to the invention. .

De façon préférée, les fibres d'origine végétale constituent principalement des fibres d'armature organisées en réseau, avec une dispersion des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale dans les interstices du réseau. La résine liante contribuera d'autant plus à l'armature qu'elle sera en grande quantité.Preferably, the fibers of plant origin are mainly networked reinforcing fibers, with a dispersion of nodules or flakes of mineral wool in the interstices of the network. The binder resin will contribute all the more to the frame that it will be in large quantities.

Les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont des fibres en paquets, et non des fibres individualisées comme les fibres de bois, ce qui leur permet de combler de façon appropriée les interstices du réseau de fibres d'armature, et ainsi de diminuer la conductivité thermique de l'ensemble en empêchant l'air de pouvoir circuler à travers le produit isolant.Mineral wool nodules or flakes are packaged fibers, and not individualized fibers such as wood fibers, which allows them to appropriately fill the interstices of the reinforcing fiber network, thereby reducing thermal conductivity. of the assembly by preventing the air from being able to circulate through the insulating product.

Les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont de préférence en laine de verre, avec un micronaire de préférence inférieur à 15 L/min, notamment inférieur à 12 L/min, de préférence inférieur à 10 L/min, notamment compris entre 3 et 7 L/min, tout particulièrement de 5 à 6 L/min. Le diamètre moyen des fibres est alors de préférence inférieur à 2 µm, voire même à 1 µm. Le micronaire est mesuré selon la méthode décrite dans le document WO-A-03/098209 .The nodules or flakes of mineral wool are preferably made of glass wool, with a micronaire preferably less than 15 L / min, especially less than 12 L / min, preferably less than 10 L / min, especially between 3 and 7 L / min, especially 5 to 6 L / min. The average diameter of the fibers is then preferably less than 2 microns, or even 1 micron. The micronaire is measured according to the method described in the document WO-A-03/098209 .

En variante également avantageuse, les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont en laine de roche avec un fasonaire d'au moins 250. Le fasonaire est déterminé de la façon suivante : on pèse une éprouvette (5g) constituée par une touffe de laine minérale exempte d'huile et de liant mais pouvant comporter des composants non fibreux (slug). Cette éprouvette est comprimée dans un volume donné et est traversé par un courant de gaz (air sec ou azote) maintenu à débit constant. La mesure de fasonaire est alors la perte de charge à travers l'éprouvette, évaluée par une colonne d'eau graduée en unité conventionnelle. Classiquement, un résultat de fasonaire est la moyenne des pertes de charge observées pour dix éprouvettes.In a variant which is also advantageous, the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are made of rock wool with a fasonaire of at least 250. The fasonaire is determined in the following manner: a test piece (5g) consisting of a tuft of mineral wool is weighed oil and binder but may have non-fibrous components (slug). This test piece is compressed in a given volume and is traversed by a stream of gas (dry air or nitrogen) maintained at a rate constant. The measurement of fasonaire is then the pressure drop across the test piece, evaluated by a water column graduated in conventional unit. Conventionally, a result of fasonaire is the average of the pressure losses observed for ten specimens.

Les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale ont une longueur comprise entre 0,05 et 3 cm, notamment entre 0,1 et 1 cm. Ces flocons ou nodules sont formés de fibres qui s'enchevêtrent sous forme de petits paquets, petites mèches ou « bouloches ». Par longueur des flocons ou nodules, on entend dans la présente description la longueur de ces paquets dans leur plus grande dimension.The nodules or flakes of mineral wool have a length of between 0.05 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.1 and 1 cm. These flakes or nodules are made up of fibers that get entangled in the form of small packets, small wicks or "pilling". By length of the flakes or nodules is meant in this description the length of these packets in their largest dimension.

Les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont par exemple des flocons en laine de verre du type utilisé pour l'isolation en laine soufflée, par exemple du type des laines commercialisées par les sociétés Saint-Gobain Isover sous les marques Comblissimo® ou Kretsull® ou par la société Certainteed sous la marque Insulsafe®. Ces flocons sont généralement dépourvus de liant et peuvent contenir des additifs anti-poussière et/ou anti-statique tels que des huiles. En variante, des nodules ou flocons contenant une petite quantité de liant, inférieure à 6% en masse sèche par rapport à la masse des nodules, peuvent être utilisés, par exemple dans le cas de laine minérale (verre ou roche) nodulée obtenue à partir d'un matelas. Les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale fournis sont par exemple issus d'une laine minérale ayant une résistance au passage de l'air supérieure ou égale à 10 kPa.s/m2 pour une densité supérieure ou égale à 10 kg/m3.The nodules or flakes of mineral wool are, for example, glass wool flakes of the type used for blown wool insulation, for example of the type of wool marketed by Saint-Gobain Isover under the brands Comblissimo® or Kretsull® or by Certainteed under the brand name Insulsafe®. These flakes are generally free of binder and may contain anti-dust and / or anti-static additives such as oils. Alternatively, nodules or flakes containing a small amount of binder, less than 6% by dry weight relative to the mass of the nodules, can be used, for example in the case of mineral wool (glass or rock) nodulated obtained from a mattress. The nodules or flakes of mineral wool provided are for example derived from a mineral wool having a resistance to the passage of air greater than or equal to 10 kPa.s / m 2 for a density greater than or equal to 10 kg / m 3 .

Les fibres d'origine végétales, typiquement en bois ou en chanvre, ont un diamètre compris entre 0,8 et 55 décitex, de préférence entre 0,8 et 25 décitex, de façon encore préférée entre 0,8 et 17 décitex, et une longueur comprise entre 0,2 et 20 mm, de préférence entre 0,3 et 4 mm.The fibers of plant origin, typically wood or hemp, have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and length between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.

Ainsi, on peut choisir les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale ayant des dimensions adéquates pour combler les interstices créés dans un réseau de fibres d'armature d'origine végétale. Alternativement ou en complément, on peut choisir des fibres d'armature spécialement compatibles avec des nodules de fibres minérales sélectionnés pour leur pouvoir isolant thermique élevé.Thus, it is possible to choose nodules or flakes of mineral wool having adequate dimensions to fill the interstices created in a network of reinforcing fibers of vegetable origin. Alternatively or in addition, one can choose reinforcing fibers especially compatible with nodules of mineral fibers selected for their high thermal insulating power.

La résine liante est par exemple une résine à base d'amidon (par exemple 100% amidon après séchage), ou une résine formophénolique et amidon, ou une résine acrylique. Elle est appliquée liquide sur les fibres avant la formation du matelas. Le matelas est ensuite passé dans une étuve pour sécher la résine.The binder resin is for example a starch-based resin (for example 100% starch after drying), or a formophenolic resin and starch, or an acrylic resin. It is applied liquid on the fibers before the formation of the mattress. The mattress is then placed in an oven to dry the resin.

Le rapport massique des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sur les fibres d'origine végétale est généralement compris entre 85/15 et 20/80, les bornes étant incluses. Ainsi ce rapport massique est par exemple égal à 85/15, 80/20, 65/35, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 35/65, 30/70 ou 20/80. La conductivité thermique et la résistance au passage de l'air varient en fonction de ce rapport massique. De plus, la couleur du produit isolant varie en fonction de ce rapport massique. En effet, la fibre de bois est marron tandis que la laine minérale est généralement de couleur différente. Le produit isolant selon l'invention permet donc de proposer une gamme de produits de différentes nuances, chaque nuance correspondant à un rapport massique des fibres des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sur les fibres d'origine végétale, et pouvant être associée à une conductivité thermique ou à une autre propriété représentative du pouvoir isolant.The mass ratio of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool on the fibers of plant origin is generally between 85/15 and 20/80, the terminals being included. Thus this mass ratio is for example equal to 85/15, 80/20, 65/35, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 35/65, 30/70 or 20/80. The thermal conductivity and the resistance to the passage of air vary according to this mass ratio. In addition, the color of the insulating product varies according to this mass ratio. Indeed, the wood fiber is brown while the mineral wool is generally of different color. The insulating product according to the invention thus makes it possible to propose a range of products of different grades, each shade corresponding to a mass ratio of the fibers of the nodules or flakes of mineral wool to the fibers of plant origin, and which can be associated with a conductivity. thermal or other property representative of the insulating power.

Le taux de résine liante dans le produit fini est compris entre 3 et 20%, de préférence entre 4 et 15%, de la masse totale. Il doit être suffisant pour assurer une bonne cohésion du matelas isolant, notamment lorsqu'il est manipulé, et le moins important possible pour limiter les coûts et limiter les apports de produits polymères à fonction mécanique. Le taux de laine minérale est compris entre de 5 à 95 % de la masse totale. Le taux de fibres d'origine végétale est compris entre de 5 à 95 % de la masse totale.The level of binder resin in the finished product is between 3 and 20%, preferably between 4 and 15%, of the total mass. It must be sufficient to ensure good cohesion of the insulation blanket, especially when it is handled, and as little as possible to limit costs and limit the input of polymer products with mechanical function. The mineral wool content is between 5 and 95% of the total mass. The fiber content of plant origin is between 5 and 95% of the total mass.

Le produit isolant de l'invention est réalisé par un procédé mécanique, également objet de l'invention.The insulating product of the invention is produced by a mechanical method, which is also the subject of the invention.

Dans ce procédé, des fibres d'origines végétales et des nodules ou flocons de laine minérale, tels que décrits plus haut, sont fournis, conditionnés en balles de matériau comprimé.In this process, fibers of vegetable origin and nodules or flakes of mineral wool, as described above, are provided, packaged in bales of compressed material.

Les nodules ou flocons en laine de verre sont par exemple produits par fibrage, au moyen d'un dispositif de centrifugation interne comprenant un centrifugeur, ou assiette de centrifugation, apte à tourner autour d'un axe vertical et dont la bande périphérique est percée d'une pluralité d'orifices. Un panier à fond plein est associé au centrifugeur sans fond. La paroi cylindrique du panier est percée d'un petit nombre d'orifices relativement gros, par exemple d'un diamètre de l'ordre de 3 mm. Un filet de verre fondu alimente le centrifugeur et s'écoule dans le panier. Le verre fondu, par passage au travers des orifices du panier, est alors distribué sous forme de filets primaires et dirigés vers l'intérieur de la bande périphérique d'où ils sont expulsés au travers des orifices de l'assiette sous l'effet de la force centrifuge sous forme de filaments. Le débit du matériau fondu arrivant dans le centrifugeur est inférieur à 18 tonnes/jour pour un centrifugeur présentant un nombre d'orifices d'au moins 32000, et de préférence d'au plus 14 tonnes/jour et d'un nombre d'orifices pour un centrifugeur présentant un nombre d'orifices d'au moins 36000.The nodules or flakes made of glass wool are for example produced by fiberizing, by means of an internal centrifugation device comprising a centrifuge, or centrifugation plate, able to rotate about a vertical axis and whose peripheral band is pierced with a plurality of orifices. A basket with a solid bottom is associated with the bottomless centrifuge. The cylindrical wall of the basket is pierced with a small number of relatively large orifices, for example with a diameter of about 3 mm. A stream of molten glass feeds the centrifuge and flows into the basket. The molten glass, passing through the orifices of the basket, is then distributed in the form of primary nets and directed towards the inside of the peripheral strip from which they are expelled through the orifices of the plate under the effect of the centrifugal force in the form of filaments. The flow rate of the molten material arriving in the centrifuge is less than 18 tonnes / day for a centrifuge having a number of orifices of at least 32,000, and preferably at most 14 tonnes / day and a number of orifices. for a centrifuge having a number of orifices of at least 36,000.

L'assiette de centrifugation présente un diamètre compris entre 200 et 800 mm, de préférence égal à 600 mm. La hauteur de bande de perçage de l'assiette, hauteur sur laquelle s'étalent les orifices, n'excède pas 35 mm.The centrifugation plate has a diameter of between 200 and 800 mm, preferably equal to 600 mm. The height of the piercing band of the plate, the height over which the orifices spread, does not exceed 35 mm.

L'assiette contient deux zones annulaires ou plus superposées l'une à l'autre, les orifices du centrifugeur présentant d'une zone à une autre des rangées d'orifices de diamètre différent et le diamètre par rangée annulaire étant décroissant du haut vers le bas de la bande périphérique de l'assiette en position de centrifugation. Le diamètre des orifices est compris entre 0,5 et 1,1 mm.The plate contains two or more annular zones superimposed on each other, the centrifuge orifices having from one zone to another of the rows of orifices of different diameter and the diameter per annular row being decreasing from the top to the bottom of the peripheral band of the plate in the centrifugation position. The diameter of the orifices is between 0.5 and 1.1 mm.

La distance entre les centres des orifices voisins de la même zone annulaire est essentiellement constante dans toute une zone annulaire, cette distance variant d'une zone à l'autre d'au moins 3 % ou même d'au moins 10 % et diminuant du haut vers le bas de la bande périphérique de l'assiette en position de centrifugation, avec en particulier une distance comprise entre 0,8 mm et 2 mm.The distance between the centers of the neighboring orifices of the same annular zone is essentially constant over a whole annular zone, this distance varying from one zone to the other by at least 3% or even by at least 10% and decreasing by top down the circumferential band of the plate in the centrifugation position, with in particular a distance of between 0.8 mm and 2 mm.

Le dispositif de centrifugation interne comprend également un dispositif d'étirage gazeux, constitué d'un brûleur annulaire qui délivre un courant gazeux à température et vitesse élevées en longeant la paroi du centrifugeur. Ce brûleur sert à maintenir la température élevée de la paroi du centrifugeur et contribue à l'amincissement des filaments pour les transformer en fibres. Le courant gazeux d'étirage est généralement canalisé au moyen d'une nappe gazeuse froide enveloppante. Cette nappe gazeuse est produite par une couronne de soufflage entourant le brûleur annulaire. Froide, elle permet de plus d'aider au refroidissement des fibres dont la résistance mécanique est ainsi améliorée par un effet de trempe thermique. La température du jet gazeux à la sortie du brûleur est comprise entre 1350 et 1500°C, de préférence aux environs de 1400°C.The internal centrifugation device also comprises a gas stretching device consisting of an annular burner which delivers a gaseous stream at high temperature and speed along the wall of the centrifuge. This burner serves to maintain the high temperature of the wall of the centrifuge and contributes to the thinning of the filaments to turn them into fibers. The stretching gas stream is generally channeled by means of an enveloping cold gas layer. This gaseous layer is produced by a blowing ring surrounding the annular burner. Cold, it also helps to cool the fibers whose mechanical strength is thus improved by a thermal quenching effect. The temperature of the gas jet at the outlet of the burner is between 1350 and 1500 ° C, preferably around 1400 ° C.

L'obtention de fibres de laine minérale fines est réalisée par les réglages de différents paramètres que sont en particulier :

  • la pression du brûleur, entre 450 et 750 mm CE (colonne d'eau) (on rappelle que 1 mm CE = 9,81 Pa) ;
  • la vitesse de rotation de l'assiette, supérieure à 2000 tours/minute ; et
  • la tirée de fibres que fournit par jour chaque orifice de l'assiette, à au plus 0,5 kg, et de préférence à au plus 0,4 kg. La tirée de fibres délivrée par une assiette est d'autant plus faible que le diamètre de l'assiette est petit.
The obtaining of fine mineral wool fibers is achieved by the settings of various parameters that are in particular:
  • burner pressure, between 450 and 750 mm wc (water column) (remember that 1 mm wc = 9.81 Pa);
  • the speed of rotation of the plate, greater than 2000 revolutions / minute; and
  • the fiber draw that provides each orifice of the plate, at most 0.5 kg, and preferably at most 0.4 kg. The fiber output delivered by a plate is even lower than the diameter of the plate is small.

Une pression du brûleur de 500 mm CE permet d'engendrer des fibres de micronaire de 5,5 L/mn.A burner pressure of 500 mm CE makes it possible to generate micronaire fibers of 5.5 L / min.

Les fibres de laine minérale sont mises en nodules comme expliqué dans le document FR-A-2 661 687 .The mineral wool fibers are made into nodules as explained in the document FR-A-2,661,687 .

Les fibres d'origine végétale, en particulier les fibres de bois, peuvent être préparées comme indiqué ci-après.Fibers of vegetable origin, in particular wood fibers, can be prepared as indicated below.

Les fibres de bois sont issues de rondins de bois résineux. Les rondins sont découpés en plaquettes en forme de rectangle d'une longueur comprise entre 2 et 5 cm et d'épaisseur comprise entre environ 10 mm et environ 40 mm.The wood fibers come from softwood logs. The logs are cut into rectangular shaped plates having a length of between 2 and 5 cm and a thickness of between about 10 mm and about 40 mm.

Les plaquettes subissent ensuite une augmentation de température comprise entre 70°C et 90°C et sont ramollies par injection de vapeur.The platelets then undergo a temperature increase of between 70 ° C. and 90 ° C. and are softened by steam injection.

Le taux d'humidité des plaquettes est ensuite régulé entre 80% et 140%, de préférence à environ 140%, de façon à obtenir les meilleures conditions pour le défibrage. L'excès d'eau est évacué par un tube percé d'une pluralité d'orifices.The moisture content of the platelets is then regulated between 80% and 140%, preferably about 140%, so as to obtain the best conditions for the defibration. The excess water is discharged through a tube pierced with a plurality of orifices.

Les plaquettes souples et dilatées sont ensuite défibrées au moyen d'un dispositif de défibrage. Le dispositif de défibrage comprend un disque statique et un disque rotatif comprenant des segments de hauteur 42 mm et tournant à une vitesse de1500 tr/min. Les deux disques sont disposés verticalement, parallèlement l'un à l'autre, et les plaquettes passent entre les deux disques. Plus l'écartement entre les segments est restreint, plus le diamètre des fibres extraites des plaquettes est petit.The flexible and expanded plates are then defibrated by means of a defibration device. The defibration device comprises a static disk and a rotating disk comprising segments 42 mm high and rotating at a speed of 1500 rpm. The two discs are arranged vertically, parallel to each other, and the pads pass between the two discs. The smaller the spacing between the segments, the smaller the diameter of the fibers extracted from the platelets.

Les fibres extraites des plaquettes peuvent subir un traitement par exemple ignifugeant et/ou anti-humidité et/ou anti-statique et/ou anti-fongique et/ou hydrophobe et/ou d'enrobage dans une résine.The fibers extracted from the platelets may undergo a treatment, for example flame retardant and / or anti-moisture and / or anti-static and / or anti-fungal and / or hydrophobic and / or resin coating.

Les fibres de bois sont ensuite séchées pour diminuer leur taux d'humidité. A la fin du séchage, le taux d'humidité des fibres de bois est compris entre 4 et 25%.The wood fibers are then dried to reduce their moisture content. At the end of drying, the moisture content of the wood fibers is between 4 and 25%.

Plus les fibres sont fines et régulières, plus la résistivité thermique du produit isolant est élevée.The finer and more regular the fibers, the higher the thermal resistivity of the insulating product.

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont tout d'abord mélangés. Les balles de matériaux comprimés sont ouvertes. Les fibres de bois ou les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont aérés pour faciliter le mélange. Les fibres de bois et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont chargés par des dispositifs de chargement différents sur un convoyeur collecteur afin de réaliser un pré-mélange. Cela permet d'ajuster facilement les quantités de chaque matière. Le pré-mélange pénètre dans une pré-ouvreuse, machine comprenant un cylindre de diamètre 750 mm muni de pointes radiales de diamètre 0,8 mm et tournant à une vitesse de 700 tr/min. La pré-ouvreuse permet de mélanger les fibres de bois et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale de façon intime. Pour homogénéiser encore le mélange, celui-ci est introduit dans une ouvreuse, par exemple une ouvreuse de nom « EXEL » commercialisée par la société Laroche. L'ouvreuse permet de peigner et affiner les fibres de bois et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale. L'ouvreuse comprend un cylindre de diamètre 500 mm avec 75 000 pointes inclinées de diamètre 0,8 mm. L'ouvreuse a par exemple une largeur comprise entre 1 et 2 m. A l'entrée de l'ouvreuse, le mélange de fibres de bois et de nodules ou flocons de laine minérale est introduit entre un rouleau et une auge, ce qui permet de maintenir les fibres de bois et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale serrés les uns contre les autres pendant le travail de l'ouvreuse.In the process according to the invention, the fibers of vegetable origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are firstly mixed. The balls of materials tablets are open. Wood fibers or nodules or flakes of mineral wool are aerated to facilitate mixing. The wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool are loaded by different loading devices on a collector conveyor to achieve a premix. This makes it easy to adjust the quantities of each material. The premix penetrates into a pre-ouvreuse, machine comprising a cylinder of diameter 750 mm provided with radial points of diameter 0.8 mm and rotating at a speed of 700 rpm. The pre-worker can mix wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool in an intimate way. To further homogenize the mixture, it is introduced into an opener, for example an opener named "EXEL" marketed by Laroche. The opener can comb and refine wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool. The opener comprises a 500 mm diameter cylinder with 75,000 inclined tips of 0.8 mm diameter. The opener has for example a width of between 1 and 2 m. At the entrance of the opener, the mixture of wood fibers and nodules or flakes of mineral wool is introduced between a roller and a trough, which keeps the wood fibers and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool tight against each other during the work of the opener.

Les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale une fois mélangés sont ensuite enrobés de résine liante liquide. Les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale sont lancés à une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 40 m/s dans un tunnel d'environ 100 m de long. La résine liante liquide en suspension dans le tunnel vient enrober les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale. Ce procédé d'enrobage des fibres par une résine liante liquide, qui sera séchée ultérieurement dans une étuve, permet de réaliser un matelas avec des fibres (bois et minérales) de caractéristiques dimensionnelles très différentes : des fibres de bois, grossières, qui servent d'armature et des fibres minérales, très fines, qui s'insèrent dans les interstices du réseau d'armature et qui améliorent la thermie. Ce procédé permet également d'enrober l'ensemble des fibres de bois et des nodules ou flocon de laine minérale de façon homogène, ce qui va permettre par la suite d'obtenir un matelas qui se tient bien et qui est résilient.The fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool once mixed are then coated with liquid binder resin. The fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool are launched at a speed of between 20 and 40 m / s in a tunnel about 100 m long. The liquid binder resin suspended in the tunnel encapsulates the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool. This method of coating the fibers with a liquid binder resin, which will be subsequently dried in an oven, makes it possible to produce a mattress with fibers (wood and mineral) of very different dimensional characteristics: coarse wood fibers, which serve frame and mineral fibers, very fine, which fit into the interstices of the reinforcement network and which improve the thermie. This process also makes it possible to coat all of the wood fibers and mineral wool nodules or flakes in a homogeneous manner, which will subsequently make it possible to obtain a mattress that holds well and is resilient.

Les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale mélangés et enrobés de résine liante liquide sont ensuite mis sous forme d'un matelas par un procédé aéromécanique. Le procédé de mise en forme par voie aéromécanique est par exemple réalisé par la machine de nom « formingstation » commercialisée par Dieffenbacher ou Siempelkampf.The fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool mixed and coated with liquid binding resin are then formed into a mattress by an aeromechanical process. The aeromechanical shaping process is for example carried out by the "formstation" machine marketed by Dieffenbacher or Siempelkampf.

Les fibres d'origine végétale et les flocons ou nodules de laine minérale mélangés et enrobés de résine liante liquide pénètrent dans une réserve horizontale et sont répartis uniformément sur un tapis convoyeur, sur une épaisseur d'environ 1,5 m. A la sortie de la réserve, les fibres et flocons ou nodules passent à travers un rideau sensiblement vertical de rouleaux à pointes disposés horizontalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres. Le rideau de rouleaux à pontes a une hauteur semblable à celle de l'épaisseur des fibres et flocons ou nodules, soit environ 1,5 m.The vegetable fibers and the flakes or nodules of mineral wool mixed and coated with liquid binder resin penetrate a horizontal reserve and are evenly distributed on a conveyor belt, to a thickness of about 1.5 m. At the outlet of the reserve, the fibers and flakes or nodules pass through a substantially vertical curtain of spiked rollers arranged horizontally and parallel to each other. The roll of the rollers has a height similar to that of the thickness of the fibers and flakes or nodules, about 1.5 m.

Après le rideau de rouleaux à pointes, les fibres et flocons ou nodules passent à travers un tapis de rouleaux répartiteurs. Les rouleaux répartiteurs sont des rouleaux à pointes disposés horizontalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres. Ce tapis de rouleaux répartiteurs fait un angle de 45° ou plus avec l'horizontale. Il monte en s'éloignant du rideau de rouleaux à pointes. Plus l'angle est important, plus le matelas aura une épaisseur importante.After the curtain of spiked rolls, the fibers and flakes or nodules pass through a conveyor belt. The distribution rollers are spiked rollers arranged horizontally and parallel to one another. This spreader roll mat is at an angle of 45 ° or more with the horizontal. He climbs away from the curtain of spiked rollers. The larger the angle, the larger the mattress will be.

Après le tapis de rouleaux répartiteurs, les fibres et flocons ou nodules tombent sur un tapis convoyeur. En fin de ligne, une rouleau écrêteur écrête le haut du matelas pour lui donner une épaisseur uniforme.After the spreader roll, the fibers and flakes or nodules fall on a conveyor belt. At the end of the line, a clipping roller closes the top of the mattress to give it a uniform thickness.

Le matelas ainsi obtenu est ensuite passé dans un four pour sécher le liant et consolider le matelas en vue de sa manipulation.The mat thus obtained is then passed through an oven to dry the binder and consolidate the mattress for handling.

Le four de thermo-fixation comprend en enfilade quatre à six chambres de chauffage et deux chambres de refroidissement. La température dans les chambres de chauffage augmente progressivement, par exemple de 120°C à 250°C, en passant d'une chambre à la suivante. Cela permet d'obtenir une homogénéité de réticulation de la résine liante. Une ventilation de vitesse ajustable est assurée dans les différentes chambres. La résine liante séchée crée une jonction entre les fibres d'origine végétale et les nodules ou flocons de laine minérale, ce qui permet d'obtenir une cohésion entre toutes les fibres, d'origine végétale et minérales. Lorsque le matelas arrive dans les chambres de refroidissement, elle subit un choc thermique en passant par exemple d'une température de 250°C à une température de 40°C. La résine liante est alors durcie. Le produit isolant tel que décrit plus haut est alors figé, tout en étant résilient.The thermo-fixing furnace comprises in enfilade four to six heating chambers and two cooling chambers. The temperature in the heating chambers gradually increases, for example from 120 ° C to 250 ° C, from one chamber to the next. This makes it possible to obtain homogeneity of crosslinking of the binder resin. Adjustable speed ventilation is provided in the different rooms. The dried binder resin creates a junction between the fibers of plant origin and the nodules or flakes of mineral wool, which makes it possible to obtain cohesion between all the fibers, of vegetable and mineral origin. When the mattress arrives in the cooling chambers, it undergoes a thermal shock, for example passing from a temperature of 250 ° C. to a temperature of 40 ° C. The binder resin is then cured. The insulating product as described above is then fixed, while being resilient.

Le procédé décrit permet de réaliser un produit isolant tel que décrit plus haut, très bon isolant thermique.The described method makes it possible to produce an insulating product as described above, very good thermal insulator.

Les inventeurs ont constaté que la conductivité thermique du produit isolant augmente lorsque la masse de bois par rapport à la masse de laine minérale diminue. Cela permet de proposer une gamme variée de produits isolants selon l'invention. Cela prouve également que la conductivité de produits isolants à base de fibres végétales est améliorée grâce à l'invention.The inventors have found that the thermal conductivity of the insulating product increases when the mass of wood relative to the mass of mineral wool decreases. This makes it possible to propose a varied range of insulating products according to the invention. This also proves that the conductivity of insulating products based on plant fibers is improved thanks to the invention.

Les inventeurs ont également constaté que la résistivité au passage de l'air augmente et la conductivité thermique diminue lorsque la quantité de laine de verre augmente. Ainsi l'association fibre végétale + flocon de verre + résine liante enrobant les fibres de bois et les fibres des flocons de verre avec procédé aéromécanique permet de constituer un matelas étonnamment résistif en regard de sa porosité.The inventors have also found that the resistivity to the passage of air increases and the thermal conductivity decreases when the amount of glass wool increases. Thus, the combination of plant fiber + glass flake + binder resin coating the wood fibers and glass flake fibers with aeromechanical process makes it possible to form a surprisingly resistive mattress with regard to its porosity.

Le produit isolant selon l'invention permet d'améliorer la conductivité thermique et la résistance à l'air d'un produit isolant dérivé de matières biosourcées.The insulating product according to the invention makes it possible to improve the thermal conductivity and the air resistance of an insulating product derived from biosourced materials.

Claims (15)

  1. Insulating product comprising:
    - fibres of plant origin,
    - nodules or flocks of mineral wool comprising mineral fibres, and
    - bonding resin coating the fibres of plant origin and the nodules or flocks of mineral wool,
    the fibres of plant origin and the nodules or flocks of mineral wool being bonded together by the bonding resin, the ratio by weight of the nodules or flocks of mineral wool to the fibres of plant origin being between 85/15 and 20/80 and the percentage of bonding resin being between 3 and 20% of the total weight, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total weight.
  2. Insulating product according to Claim 1, in which the fibres of plant origin are wood fibres or hemp fibres.
  3. Insulating product according to the one the Claim 1 or 2, in which the bonding resin is based on starch, or a phenol/formaldehyde and starch resin, or an acrylic resin.
  4. Insulating product according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the nodules or flocks of mineral wool are made of glass wool with a micronaire of less than 15 1/min, in particular of less than 12 1/min, preferably of less than 10 1/min, in particular of between 3 and 7 1/min, very particularly from 5 to 6 1/min, or made of rock wool with a fasonaire of at least 250.
  5. Insulating product according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the nodules or flocks of mineral wool have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  6. Insulating product according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the fibres of plant origin have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and a length of between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.
  7. Process for the formation of an insulating product according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, comprising the following stages:
    - providing fibres of plant origin and nodules or flocks of mineral wool,
    - providing a liquid bonding resin,
    - mixing the fibres of plant origin and the nodules or flocks of mineral wool, the ratio by weight of the nodules or flocks of mineral wool provided to the fibres of plant origin provided being between 85/15 and 20/80,
    - coating the fibres of plant origin and the nodules or flocks of mineral wool with the liquid bonding resin, the percentage of bonding resin being between 3 and 20% of the total weight, preferably between 4 and 15% of the total weight,
    - forming a mat from the mixture of the fibres of plant origin and of the nodules or flocks of mineral wool, coated with bonding resin, by an aeromechanical process,
    - passing the mat through an oven.
  8. Process according to Claim 7, in which the coating of the fibres of plant origin and of the nodules or flocks of mineral wool by the liquid bonding resin is carried out by causing the fibres of plant origin and the nodules or flocks of mineral wool, conveyed at a rate of between 20 and 40 m/s, to pass through a tunnel in which the liquid bonding resin is in suspension.
  9. Process according to Claim 7 or 8, in which the formation of the mat is carried out by passing through a curtain of spiked rollers and then through a sloping belt of distributor spiked rollers.
  10. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 9, in which the nodules or flocks of mineral wool provided are made of mineral wool of the type to be blown, preferably free from binder, and can contain antidust and/or antistatic additives.
  11. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 10, in which the fibres of plant origin provided are wood fibres or hemp fibres.
  12. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 11, in which the liquid bonding resin is based on starch, or a phenol/formaldehyde and starch resin, or an acrylic resin.
  13. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 12, in which the nodules or flocks of mineral wool provided are made of glass wool with a micronaire of less than 15 l/min, in particular of less than 12 1/min, preferably of less than 10 l/min, in particular of between 3 and 7 l/min, very particularly from 5 to 6 l/min, or made of rock wool with a fasonaire of at least 250.
  14. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 13, in which the nodules or flocks of mineral wool provided have a length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, in particular between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  15. Process according to one of Claims 7 to 14, in which the fibres of plant origin provided have a diameter of between 0.8 and 55 decitex, preferably between 0.8 and 25 decitex or between 25 and 55 decitex, more preferably between 0.8 and 17 decitex, and a length of between 0.2 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 4 mm.
EP13188890.1A 2012-10-16 2013-10-16 Insulating product Active EP2722429B8 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13188890T PL2722429T3 (en) 2012-10-16 2013-10-16 Insulating product
SI201330786T SI2722429T1 (en) 2012-10-16 2013-10-16 Insulating product

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1259853A FR2996904B1 (en) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 INSULATING PRODUCT

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EP2722429A1 EP2722429A1 (en) 2014-04-23
EP2722429B1 true EP2722429B1 (en) 2017-06-28
EP2722429B8 EP2722429B8 (en) 2017-08-30

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EP13188890.1A Active EP2722429B8 (en) 2012-10-16 2013-10-16 Insulating product

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EP (1) EP2722429B8 (en)
DK (1) DK2722429T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2640015T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2996904B1 (en)
HU (1) HUE036156T2 (en)
LT (1) LT2722429T (en)
PL (1) PL2722429T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2722429T (en)
SI (1) SI2722429T1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3054636B1 (en) * 2016-08-01 2019-01-25 Saint-Gobain Isover INSULATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OBTAINED

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0089975A1 (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-10-05 Tay Textiles Limited Jute reinforcement of plastics materials
FR2661687B1 (en) 1990-05-04 1992-07-17 Saint Gobain Isover BITUMEN MIXTURE FOR COATING SURFACES.
FR2840071B1 (en) 2002-05-22 2004-07-23 Saint Gobain Isover DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE FINESSE OF MINERAL FIBERS
DE102007036346A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh + Co Ohg Method and device for producing a molded part and molded part as a heat and / or sound insulation element

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Publication number Publication date
DK2722429T3 (en) 2017-10-09
PL2722429T3 (en) 2017-12-29
ES2640015T3 (en) 2017-10-31
EP2722429A1 (en) 2014-04-23
LT2722429T (en) 2017-10-10
EP2722429B8 (en) 2017-08-30
HUE036156T2 (en) 2018-06-28
FR2996904A1 (en) 2014-04-18
PT2722429T (en) 2017-09-22
FR2996904B1 (en) 2014-11-21
SI2722429T1 (en) 2017-11-30

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