Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/04—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in markedly acid liquids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
  • C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
  • C09K8/528—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
  • C09K8/54—Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
  • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
  • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
  • C09K8/72—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
  • C09K8/74—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0073—Anticorrosion compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3245—Aminoacids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C23F11/144—Aminocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
  • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
  • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
  • C23G1/088—Iron or steel solutions containing organic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
  • C09K2208/32—Anticorrosion additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method to reduce the corrosion of chromium- containing equipment in the oil and/or gas industry.
• the invention also relates to the use of solutions containing glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA) having an acidic pH that are contacted with chromium-containing equipment in the oil and/or gas industry, for example to clean or descale such equipment or downstream equipment, but also as a chemical in such equipment, for example as a chemical in an oil and/or gas downstream processing plant or factory that contains chromium- containing tanks, boilers, tubes or other equipment.
• GLDA glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof
• MGDA methylglycine N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof
• the invention relates to equipment made from a chromium-containing alloy containing a solution containing glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine N,N- diacetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA) having an acidic pH or to a combined system that contains equipment made from a chromium-containing alloy in contact with a solution containing glutamic acid ⁇ , ⁇ -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine N,N -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA) having an acidic pH.
• GLDA glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof
• MGDA methylglycine N,N- diacetic acid or a salt thereof
• the present invention relates to any of the above methods, equipment or systems wherein compared to the state of the art the use of a corrosion inhibitor can be greatly reduced or in some cases even omitted.
• a large part of the equipment such as tubes, tanks, boilers, reactor vessels, is made from chromium-containing metal alloys.
• chromium-containing metal alloys are made from chromium-containing metal alloys.
• chromium-containing alloys have a better resistance against oxidative degradation than many other metals and alloys.
• chromium-containing alloys under the influence of both oxygen and carbon dioxide and a number of other corrosive chemicals, like chloride-containing chemicals, chromium-containing alloys also suffer negative degradation and corrosion effects, especially at an elevated temperature.
• acids especially are known to cause undesired corrosion of metal surfaces, as is seen in for example the oil industry where the use of acidic solutions or gases like CO 2 is common practice and where naturally occurring corrosive gases like H 2 S and CO 2 can be present.
• the purpose of this invention is to provide new chemicals and solutions that give an even more minimized chromium corrosion side effect as well as a reduced corrosion effect in the acidic pH range, and to provide processes to apply, clean or descale chromium-containing equipment as used in the oil and/or gas industry or to run a number of chemical processes wherein chromium corrosion is minimized, under varying temperature and acidic pH conditions.
• US 2010/0078040 discloses removing rouging on stainless steel surfaces, for example from equipment used in the pharmaceutical industry, by using aqueous cleaning solutions that contain at least two different complexing agents in the neutral pH range.
• the complexing agents can be picked from a large group of compounds that includes GLDA and MGDA.
• a cleaning solution is made containing about 9 wt% of MGDA, but when using this solution to clean a vessel a 50 fold dilution is made, so that the vessel is only contacted with a solution containing less than 0.2 wt% of MGDA.
• a high amount of the complexing agent used anywhere in the other examples.
• the present invention relates to preventing or reducing corrosion in the oil and/or gas industry, where generally much more concentrated chemical solutions are applied because in this industry using large amounts of water is not always economically feasible, as water is often unavailable at the oil or gas production site, especially when the use of seawater is not an option due to the interaction of seawater components with the formation, equipment or other production chemicals resulting in more corrosion and/or unwanted precipitation.
• the application of low concentrations reduces the reaction rate considerably, resulting in long and costly downtimes.
• the present invention provides a process to reduce the corrosion of equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy in the oil and/or gas industry, comprising a step of contacting the equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy with a solution containing at least 1 wt% on total weight of the solution of glutamic acid ⁇ , ⁇ -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine N,N -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA) having an acidic pH, and more specifically a process to reduce the corrosion of equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy in the treatment of a subterranean formation wherein an acidic solution is introduced into the formation and at least part of the acid in the acidic solution is GLDA and/or MGDA, preferably wherein the amount of GLDA and/or MGDA is at least 1 wt% on the basis of the acidic solution, and the acidic solution comes into contact with the equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy
• the invention also relates to the use of acidic solutions containing at least 1 wt% on total weight of the solution of glutamic acid N,N -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine ⁇ , ⁇ -diacetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA) to prevent or reduce corrosion in equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy in the oil and/or gas industry, for example to clean or descale such equipment, but also as a chemical in chromium-containing equipment, for example as a chemical in a plant or factory in the oil and/or gas industry that contains chromium-containing tanks, boilers, tubes or other equipment, replacing other chemicals, in treatments of subterranean formations like in completions and stimulation by acidizing, fracturing, and descaling.
• Chemicals that can be replaced by GLDA or MGDA are chelating agents in their acidic form but also other acids, because it is possible to make concentrated acidic solutions of MGDA and even more concentrated, more acid
• the present invention also provides a system containing a piece of equipment applied in the oil and/or gas industry made at least partly from a chromium- containing alloy in contact with an acidic solution containing at least 1 wt% on total weight of the solution of glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof (GLDA) and/or methylglycine N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof (MGDA).
• GLDA glutamic acid N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof
• MGDA methylglycine N,N-di acetic acid or a salt thereof
• the system of the invention in embodiments contains further improved chelating agent-containing and acidic solutions, such as solutions used in the oil field, gas field, or oil and/or gas downstream processing industry in addition containing other components like a solvent such as water, a chelating agent, a surfactant, and a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the amount of corrosion inhibitor can be greatly decreased or even omitted.
• a solvent such as water, a chelating agent, a surfactant, and a corrosion inhibitor
• WO 2008/0103551 discloses an acidic solution containing a chelating agent and the use thereof as a breaker fluid in the oil field.
• the chelating agent may be GLDA.
• the equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy may be for example a pump, tap, tube, tank, vessel, or pipe or any other device that can hold a solution or through which a solution can flow.
• the chromium-containing alloy may be present in the whole piece of equipment but also only in a sheet or plate or a part of the piece of equipment in any other form (like for example a screw or nail) as used in the oil industry and/or gas industry.
• acidic solution or solution having an acidic pH is meant a solution having a pH of below 7, preferably a pH below 6, and even more preferably below 5.
• the pH in some embodiments is higher than -2, preferably higher than -1 , and more preferably higher than 0.
• oil and/or gas industry By use or application in the oil and/or gas industry is meant any use in the production, exploration and/or recovery of oil and/or gas from subterranean formations, transporting the oil and/or gas to downstream processing units such as oil refinery and/or oil and/or gas downstream processing units, processing the oil and/or gas in such units, and all accompanying processes and uses such as the cleaning, descaling, and maintenance of the equipment, removing small particles and removing scale to enhance oil and/or gas well performance and cleaning of the wellbore.
• downstream processing units such as oil refinery and/or oil and/or gas downstream processing units
• processing the oil and/or gas in such units and all accompanying processes and uses such as the cleaning, descaling, and maintenance of the equipment, removing small particles and removing scale to enhance oil and/or gas well performance and cleaning of the wellbore.
• any use according to the invention involves a step wherein the solution containing GLDA and/or MGDA contacts equipment containing a chromium-containing alloy.
• the acidic solution containing GLDA and/or MGDA in one embodiment may contain other components, such as primarily water, but also other solvents like alcohols, glycols, and further organic solvents or mutual solvents, soaps, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, pH control additives, such as further acids or bases, biocides/bactericides, water softeners, bleaching agents, enzymes, brighteners, fragrances, antifouling agents, antifoaming agents, anti-sludge agents, corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibitor intensifiers, viscosifiers, wetting agents, diverting agents, oxygen scavengers, carrier fluids, fluid loss additives, friction reducers, stabilizers, rheology modifiers, gelling agents, scale inhibitors, breakers, salts, brines, particulates, crosslinkers, salt
• GLDA and MGDA give an even lower corrosion of chromium-containing alloys than HEDTA, especially in the relevant acidic pH range, in the case of GLDA even below the industry limit value of 0.05 Ibs/sq.ft (for a 6-hour test period), without the addition of any corrosion inhibitors.
• MGDA and/or GLDA give an unexpectedly reduced chromium corrosion side effect, and the use thereof in a subterranean formation treatment process results in corrosion of the chromium- containing equipment being significantly prevented and an improved process to clean and/or descale chromium-containing equipment.
• the invention covers a method using a solution in which the amount of corrosion inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor intensifier can be greatly reduced compared to the state of the art fluids and processes, while still avoiding corrosion problems in the equipment.
• the amount of GLDA and/or MGDA is suitably between 2 and 50 wt% for GLDA and between 2 and 40 wt% for MGDA.
• the amount is between 2 and 30 wt%, more preferably 5 and 30 wt%, even more preferably between 5 and 20 wt% on the basis of the total weight of the solution.
• the solutions of the invention preferably contain GLDA.
• the solutions may be used at several temperature ranges, suitably between 0 and 200°C, preferably between 20 and 150°C, even more preferably between 20 and 100°C.
• the surfactant that can be used in the present invention can be any surfactant known in the art and can be nonionic, cationic, anionic, zwitterionic.
• the surfactant is nonionic or cationic and even more preferably, the surfactant is cationic.
• the surfactant is nonionic or anionic, and even more preferably the surfactant is anionic.
• the nonionic surfactant of the present composition is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkanolamides, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated amines, amine oxides, alkoxylated amides, alkoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated alkyl amines (e.g., cocoalkyl amine ethoxylate), alkyl phenyl polyethoxylates, lecithin, hydroxylated lecithin, fatty acid esters, glycerol esters and their ethoxylates, glycol esters and their ethoxylates, esters of propylene glycol, sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, polyglycosides and the like, and mixtures thereof.
• Alkoxylated alcohols, preferably ethoxylated alcohols, optionally in combination with (alkyl) polyglycosides, are the most preferred non
• the anionic (sometimes zwitterionic, as two charges are combined into one compound) surfactants may comprise any number of different compounds, including sulfonates, hydrolyzed keratin, sulfosuccinates, taurates, betaines, modified betaines, alkylamidobetaines (e.g., cocoamidopropyl betaine) .
• the cationic surfactants may comprise quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride, trimethyl cocoammonium chloride), derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
• quaternary ammonium compounds e.g., trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride, trimethyl cocoammonium chloride
• foaming agents that may be utilized to foam and stabilize the solutions of this invention include, but are not limited to, betaines, amine oxides, methyl ester sulfonates, alkylamidobetaines such as cocoamidopropyl betaine, alpha-olefin sulfonate, trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride, C8 to C22 alkyl ethoxylate sulfate, and trimethyl coco ammonium chloride.
• Suitable surfactants may be used in a liquid or powder form.
• the surfactants may be present in the solutions in an amount sufficient to prevent incompatibility with formation fluids, other treatment fluids, or wellbore fluids at reservoir temperature.
• the surfactants are generally present in an amount in the range of from about 0.01 % to about 5.0% by volume of the solution.
• the liquid surfactants are present in an amount in the range of from about 0.1 % to about 2.0% by volume of the solution, preferably from 0.1 to 1.0 volume%.
• the surfactants may be present in an amount in the range of from about 0.001 % to about 0.5% by weight of the solution.
• Corrosion inhibitors may be selected from the group of amine and quaternary ammonium compounds and sulfur compounds.
• Examples are diethyl thiourea (DETU), which is suitable up to 185°F (about 85°C), alkyl pyridinium or quinolinium salt, such as dodecyl pyridinium bromide (DDPB), and sulfur compounds, such as thiourea or ammonium thiocyanate, which are suitable for the range 203-302°F (about 95-150°C), benzotriazole (BZT), benzimidazole (BZI), dibutyl thiourea, a proprietary inhibitor called TIA, and alkyl pyridines.
• DETU diethyl thiourea
• DDPB dodecyl pyridinium bromide
• sulfur compounds such as thiourea or ammonium thiocyanate, which are suitable for the range 203-302°F (about 95-150°
• the most successful inhibitor formulations for organic acids and chelating agents contain amines, reduced sulfur compounds or combinations of a nitrogen compound (amines, quats or polyfunctional compounds) and a sulfur compound.
• the amount of corrosion inhibitor is preferably less than 2.0 volume%, more preferably between 0.001 and 1.0 volume% on total solution.
• the chromium-containing alloy contains a stainless steel or another metal alloy in which chromium is present, which is often to improve the corrosion properties thereof.
• the chromium-containing alloy contains between 1 and 40 wt% of chromium on total metal content, more preferably it contains between 5 and 30 wt% of chromium, even more preferably between 10 and 25 wt% of chromium.
• the chromium-containing alloy contains stainless steel.
• chromium-containing stainless steels examples include (i) austenitic steels, which contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium, and sufficient nickel and/or manganese to retain an austenitic structure at all temperatures from the cryogenic region to the melting point of the alloy, wherein a typical composition of 18% chromium and 10% nickel is often used in flatware; (ii) superaustenitic stainless steels, which exhibit great resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion due to a high molybdenum content (>6%) and nitrogen additions, and which by a higher nickel content ensure better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking versus the 300 series; (iii) ferritic stainless steels, which generally have better engineering properties than austenitic grades but reduced corrosion resistance due to the lower chromium and nickel content, which contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any, although some types can contain lead, and wherein many compositions include molybdenum and some include aluminiu
• the space between the beaker and the autoclave was filled with sand.
• Two clean steel coupons of Cr-13 (UNS S41000 steel) were attached to the autoclave lid with a PTFE cord. The coupons were cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and weighted before the test.
• the autoclave was purged three times with a small amount of N 2 . Subsequently the heating was started or in the case of high pressure experiments the pressure was first set to c. 1 ,000 psi with N2.
• the 6-hour timer was started directly after reaching a temperature of 149°C. After 6 hours at 149°C the autoclave was cooled quickly with cold tap water in c. 10 minutes to ⁇ 60°C.
• the autoclave was depressurized and the steel coupons were removed from the chelate solution.
• the coupons were gently cleaned with a non- metallic brush and flushed with a small amount of water and isopropyl alcohol. The coupons were weighted again and the chelate solution was retained.
• HEDTA-NaH 2 The corrosion rates of HEDTA (pH 3.7) at 149°C and pressure of 1 ,000 psi are significantly higher than for MGDA (pH 3.8) and much higher compared to GLDA (pH 3.5).
• the corrosion rates of both HEDTA (pH 3.7) and MGDA (pH 3.8) at 149°C and pressure of 1 ,000 psi are higher than the generally accepted limit value in the oil and gas industry for chromium based alloys of 0.03 LBS/sq.ft (6 hours test period), which means that they will need a corrosion inhibitor for use in this industry.
• FIG. 2 shows the ICP-ES element analysis of the corrosion fluids after the 6 hr corrosion test at 150°C.
• the acetic acids cause a smaller increase in iron and chromium ions in line with the lower corrosion rate.
• Witconate NAS-8 was selected from the group of anionic water-wetting surfactants. Witconate NAS-8 consists of 36% 1 -octanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, 60% water, and 4% sodium sulfate. Armohib 31 represents a group of widely used corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry and consists of alkoxylated fatty amine salts, alkoxylated organic acid, and ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibutyl thiourea, with 100% active ingredients. The corrosion inhibitor and anionic surfactant are available from AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry.
• Figure 3 clearly shows the difference in corrosion behaviour between GLDA and HEDTA. Without additives GLDA shows no corrosion, whereas the corrosion rate of HEDTA is 0.2787 Ibs/sq. ft, which is far above the generally accepted limit of 0.05 Ibs/sq ft. Upon addition of the corrosion inhibitor the corrosion rates of HEDTA and GLDA are similar. Addition of an anionic surfactant leads to an increase in the corrosion rate to unacceptable rates of 0.7490 Ibs/sq.ft for GLDA and 0.9592 Ibs/sq.ft for HEDTA, indicating the corrosive character of this anionic surfactant itself.
• Example 4 To study the effect of the combination of a corrosion inhibitor, cationic surfactant, and GLDA on the corrosion of Cr-13 steel (UNS S41000), a series of corrosion tests were performed using the method described in Example 1. The results expressed as the 6-hour metal loss at 163°C are shown in Figure 4.
• the cationic surfactant, Arquad C-35 consists of 35% cocotrimethyl ammonium chloride and water.
• Armohib 31 represents a group of widely used corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry and consists of alkoxylated fatty amine salts, alkoxylated organic acid, and N, N'-dibutyl thiourea.
• the corrosion inhibitor and cationic surfactant are available from AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry.
• Corrosion tests were executed according to the method described in Example 1 with various types of chromium containing alloys.
• Armohib 5150 available from AkzoNobel

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