EP2715823A1 - Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic moduleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2715823A1 EP2715823A1 EP12728705.0A EP12728705A EP2715823A1 EP 2715823 A1 EP2715823 A1 EP 2715823A1 EP 12728705 A EP12728705 A EP 12728705A EP 2715823 A1 EP2715823 A1 EP 2715823A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- blocks
- copolymer
- active layer
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 poly (3-hexyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920003228 poly(4-vinyl pyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USDNTLSSMWDFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylpyridine;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 USDNTLSSMWDFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CLYVDMAATCIVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pigment red 224 Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(OC4=O)=O)C2=C4C=CC=1C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C4=CC=C3C1=C42 CLYVDMAATCIVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000075 poly(4-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NSYFIAVPXHGRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=1C=C(Br)SC=1Br NSYFIAVPXHGRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMRULEQJKZIMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethenylphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C BMRULEQJKZIMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dicarbamoylperylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=N)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=N)O PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710141544 Allatotropin-related peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJZJLDRCHYBFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(C)O.[Li] Chemical compound COC(C)O.[Li] GJZJLDRCHYBFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020486 P2VP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KFHHITRMMMWMJW-WUTZMLAESA-N PS-PI Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(C)C(O)C(O)[C@@H](O)C1O)OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KFHHITRMMMWMJW-WUTZMLAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000463 Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000420 Poly(styrene)-block-poly(acrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000390 Poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJQYNUFEEZFYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene maroon Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(N(C)C4=O)=O)C2=C4C=CC=1C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C4=CC=C3C1=C42 PJQYNUFEEZFYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000264 poly(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/12—Copolymers
- C08G2261/126—Copolymers block
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/141—Side-chains having aliphatic units
- C08G2261/1412—Saturated aliphatic units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/417—Organometallic coupling reactions magnesium-based, e.g. Grignard or McCullough reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
- C08G2261/74—Further polymerisation of the obtained polymers, e.g. living polymerisation to obtain block-copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/91—Photovoltaic applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active layer composition of organic photovoltaic cells of a photo voltaic module having optimum properties for this application.
- the present invention also relates to the use of such a composition in organic photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic module comprising such photovoltaic cells.
- a photovoltaic module includes a "photovoltaic cell", this cell being capable of transforming light energy into electricity.
- a photovoltaic cell conventionally comprises a plurality of cells, each cell containing a photovoltaic sensor in contact with electron collectors placed above (upper collectors) and below (lower collectors) of the photovoltaic collector.
- the photovoltaic cell When the photovoltaic cell is placed under a light source, it delivers a continuous electric current, which can be recovered at the terminals of the battery.
- organic photovoltaic cells are also known, that is to say that the photovoltaic cells are composed of organic materials, for example polymers forming the "active layer". Like inorganic photovoltaic cells, these organic photovoltaic cells absorb photons, with linked electron-hole pairs (excitons) being generated and contributing to the photocurrent.
- the photovoltaic cell has two parts (hereinafter called “materials”), one with an excess of electrons (Electron donor material) and the other a lack of electrons (electron acceptor material), said respectively doped n-type and p-type doped.
- the organic photovoltaic cell is cheaper, recyclable and extends the offer to flexible products or various conformations (for example building tiles), giving access to markets inaccessible to conventional technologies, notably by their integration into systems multifunctional. Nevertheless, organic photovoltaic cells have so far suffered from a very low level of overall efficiency since the efficiency of such photovoltaic cells remains conveniently much less than 5%. Moreover, at present, the lifespan of photovoltaic cells is very limited.
- an organic photovoltaic cell is composed of an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material.
- an electron donor material is composed of an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material.
- a major technical problem arises with regard to the control of the mixing morphology of the electron donor and acceptor materials.
- the strategy is to play on the annealing conditions to obtain the desired morphology.
- This annealing step of heating the active layer for several minutes at temperatures above about 100 ° C is a near-necessary step to obtain the correct structure.
- the annealing step has the first disadvantage of being time-consuming, and therefore expensive, but also constitutes a limitation to the use of flexible substrates (PET type) which can not withstand too long thermal exposures or risk having their properties mechanical decrease.
- the present invention intends to remedy the problems of photovoltaic modules of the prior art by proposing an active layer composition of an organic cell comprising a linear architecture copolymer of a particular type.
- the present invention relates to a composition of an active layer of an organic photovoltaic cell comprising:
- an electron donor material consisting of a conjugated polymer
- Each block having a molar mass of between 500 g / mol and 50000 g / mol;
- linear structure means that the polymer blocks forming the above copolymer extend into a continuous chain of polymers having only two ends, as opposed to a three-dimensional structure having at least three ends.
- different chemical nature is understood to mean that the compounds or elements do not belong to the same chemical family within the general set of thermoplastic polymers.
- those skilled in the art distinguish in particular the following chemical natures: polyamides, polyamide-imides, saturated polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefms (low and high density), carbonate polyesters, polyether ketones, carbonate polyesters, polyimides, polyketones, aromatic polyethers, etc.
- the copolymer according to the invention acts as a surfactant (minimization of the energy difference existing between the donor and electron acceptor materials) which is particularly advantageous by reducing the size of the domains in each of the two materials, which makes the set of the active layer more stable and gives better performance.
- the aforesaid copolymer comprises a single block consisting of a conjugated polymer
- the conjugated polymer forming the electron donor material and / or the aforesaid single block consisting of a conjugated polymer of the block copolymer consists of poly- (3-hexylthiophene);
- the electron acceptor material consists of at least one fullerene, preferably methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6i-butanoate (PCBM);
- At least one of the blocks of the above-mentioned copolymer consists of a polystyrene
- At least one of the blocks of the above-mentioned copolymer consists of an alkyl polyacrylate, preferably poly (n-butyl acrylate), or a polyisoprene;
- At least one of the blocks of the aforementioned copolymer has a Tg lower than 0 ° C., preferably between -120 ° C. and -50 ° C .;
- the block copolymer consists of poly (3-hexylthiophene-6-isoprene), poly (3-hexylthiophene-6-styrene) or poly (styrene-6-isoprene).
- the invention relates to the use of the composition as described above in organic photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module.
- the invention also relates to a photovoltaic module having at least one encapsulating layer comprising a photovoltaic cell, consisting of a plurality of organic photovoltaic cells each comprising an active layer, capable of generating electrical energy, and a layer forming a "backsheet" or back panel, the composition of said active layer is as described above.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the photovoltaic efficiency (PCE) as a function of the copolymer mass fraction in the active layer for two different examples of linear block copolymers
- FIG. 2 illustrates the normalized photovoltaic efficiency (standardized PCE) as a function of the illumination time
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a solar cell, the active layer consisting of a mixture of a donor material and an electron acceptor material; this diagram represents a type of cell tested in the context of this invention, in no case the invention is limited to this type of cell, which is just an example of embodiment, and that we can apply the invention to all other types of cells, in particular cells of structure reversed with respect to this one.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an interface between the two materials of the active layer, stabilized by the block copolymer, this assembly constituting the active layer according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the evolution of the photovoltaic efficiency as a function of the level of copolymer (P3HT-b-P4VP) added to the active layer. Detailed description of the invention
- composition of the active layer according to the invention comprises, in its general definition:
- an electron donor material consisting of a conjugated polymer
- an electron-accepting material such as, for example, a C 6 O derivative (fullerene); characterized in that the active layer comprises a linear architecture copolymer comprising from two to five blocks, at least two blocks of different nature each having a molar mass of between 500 g / mol and 50000 g / mol.
- the electron donor material it consists of a conjugated polymer.
- Conjugated polymer is understood to mean conjugated polymers having a characteristic electronic structure called "band structure". These polymers are marked by the presence on the skeleton of an alternation between double and single bonds.
- conjugated polymers By way of non-limiting example of conjugated polymers, mention may be made of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene and polyaniline but, more generally, the conjugated polymers comprise three main families: poly (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), for example poly [2-methoxy-5- (2'-ethyl-hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) or poly [2-methoxy-5- (3 '), 7'-dimethyloctyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MDMO-PPV); polythiophenes (PT) resulting from the polymerization of thiophenes and which are heterocycles of sulfur, for example poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polyfluorenes, for example poly [2,7- (9,9-dioctyl) fluorene) -alt -5,5
- the electron acceptor material As for the electron acceptor material, it consists of a molecule capable of accepting electrons.
- the electron acceptor material is chosen to be a fullerene or a mixture of fullerenes (C 6 o). Even more preferably, for the electron-accepting material, methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate (PCBM, a compound known to those skilled in the art and already marketed) will be chosen.
- PCBM methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate
- block copolymer As regards the block copolymer, it has a linear architecture, that is to say a sequence of at least two different blocks (or sequences). Of course, the order of the blocks indicated below is given only as an indication and does not necessarily translate the actual order of concatenation; these blocks can be switched at will.
- the first block consists of a conventional structure polymer, unconjugated, of vinyl type (and in particular styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic), saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- this first block of the linear architecture copolymer will be chosen as polystyrene (PS) or polyisoprene (PI).
- the second polymer block of the linear architecture copolymer consists of a polymer different from that of the first block, which may be either of conventional, non-conjugated, vinyl-type (and especially styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic) structure, saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin is a conjugated polymer semiconductor.
- the second block consists of a conjugated polymer
- no other block of the copolymer may consist of a conjugated polymer, identical or not.
- this second block of the linear architecture copolymer will be chosen to be polyisoprene (PI), polystyrene (PS) or poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT).
- PI polyisoprene
- PS polystyrene
- P3HT poly (3-hexyl thiophene
- blocks (third, fourth and fifth blocks) of the linear architecture copolymer consist of a polymer different from that of the first block, of exclusively unconjugated structure, of vinyl type (and in particular styrenic , acrylic or methacrylic), saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- vinyl type and in particular styrenic , acrylic or methacrylic
- saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- the third, fourth and fifth different blocks of the second block of the linear architecture copolymer will also be selected as polyisoprene (PI), polystyrene (PS), a polystyrene derivative such as poly (4-vinylpyridine) ( P4VP) or an alkyl polyacrylate.
- PI polyisoprene
- PS polystyrene
- P4VP polystyrene derivative
- alkyl polyacrylate an alkyl polyacrylate
- PS-PB Poly (styrene-6-butadiene)
- PS-P2VP Poly (styrene-6-vinylpyridine)
- PE-PEE poly (ethylene-6-ethyl ethylene)
- PE-PEP poly (ethylene-6-ethyl propylene)
- PE-PS Poly (ethylene-6-styrene)
- PE-PB poly (ethylene-6-butadiene)
- PS-PEB-PS Poly (styrene-6- (ethylene-co-butylene) - ⁇ -styrene)
- PS-PAA Poly (styrene-6-acrylic acid)
- PS-PEO Poly (styrene-6-ethylene oxide)
- one of the blocks of the copolymer may consist of a conjugated polymer.
- This option (which corresponds to the preferred examples 1 and 2) is, as will be seen in the following, particularly advantageous, particularly with regard to the efficiency or effectiveness of the active layer of the organic photovoltaic cell.
- linear structure copolymer comprising from two to five blocks is carried out conventionally and well known to those skilled in the art.
- P3HT- ⁇ -PI The synthesis of P3HT- ⁇ -PI consists of the deactivation of the living polyisoprene (PI) synthesized by anionic polymerization, which is well known to those skilled in the art, on the functionalized end-brominated P3HT, also well known to human beings.
- business McCuUough Macro molecules 2005
- lithium methoxyethanol which increases the reactivity of the polyisoprenyl ion by breaking the polyisoprenyllithium aggregates. This operation is carried out in an anhydrous solvent and under a controlled atmosphere (vacuum, nitrogen or argon) according to a process well known to those skilled in the art.
- the synthesis of P3HT- ⁇ -PS can be carried out by two routes.
- the first is a "click chemistry" coupling (alkyne / Huisgen azide cycloaddition) between the alkyne-terminated P3HT and the polystyrene (PS) synthesized by ATRP with an azide functionalized initiator already described in the literature (Urien, M .; Erothu, H, Cloutet, E. Hiorns, R. C, Vignau, L. Cramail, H. Macromolecules 2008, 41, (19), 7033-7040).
- the second route consists in deactivating the living PS synthesized by anionic polymerization (this operation being well known to those skilled in the art) on the functionalized P3HT at the end of the chain, the synthesis of which is described in the literature (Iovu, M.C. Jeffries-El, M, Zhang, R., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, RDJ Macromol, Salt, Part A: Pure Appl., Chem., 2006, 43, (12), 1991-2000).
- the operating conditions are the same as for example 1.
- the PS- ⁇ -PI copolymer is synthesized by anionic polymerization initiated by sec-butyllithium with sequential addition of the monomers (first styrene and then isoprene) as is well known to those skilled in the art (Fetters, L. Luston, Quirk, RP, Vass, F., N., YR, Anionic Polymerization, 1984).
- An embodiment of the formulation claimed by the present invention consists of the following process with P3HT as a donor material and PCBM as an acceptor material:
- composition of the active layer according to the invention advantageously incorporates small molecules characterized by their low molecular weight which does not exceed a few thousand units of atomic mass.
- these small molecules are acceptors or electron donors, which allows the latter also to facilitate the transport of electrical charges and are capable of forming excitons with the conjugated polymers.
- These small molecules are generally added to the composition by dissolution in the mixture containing the other components (polymers).
- Examples of these small molecules include:
- C 6 o Fullerene which is a compound of 60 carbon atoms and whose spherical shape is close to that of a football. This molecule is here preferred as an addition in the composition according to the invention.
- PCBM methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate
- perylene consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring of chemical formula C 20 H 12 , for example N, N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide (PTCDI) (perylene derivative with two nitrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms and two methyl groups CH 3 ) or perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) (perylene derivative with six oxygen atoms).
- PTCDI N, N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide
- PTCDA perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- UV stabilizers and UV absorbers such as benzotriazole, benzophenone and other congested amines can be added to ensure transparency encapsulant during its lifetime.
- UV stabilizers and UV absorbers such as benzotriazole, benzophenone and other congested amines can be added to ensure transparency encapsulant during its lifetime.
- These compounds may for example be based on benzophenone or benzotriazole. They may be added in amounts of less than 10% by weight of the total mass of the composition and preferably from 0.1 to 5%.
- antioxidants to limit yellowing during the manufacture of the encapsulant such as phosphorus compounds (phosphonites and / or phosphites) and hindered phenolics. These antioxidants may be added in amounts of less than 10% by weight of the total mass of the composition and preferably from 0.1 to 5%.
- Flame retardants may also be added. These agents may be halogenated or non-halogenated. Among the halogenated agents, mention may be made of brominated products. Phosphorus-based additives such as ammonium phosphate, polyphosphate phosphate, phosphinate or pyrophosphate phosphate, melamine cyanurate, pentaerythritol, zeolites and mixtures of these agents may also be used as non-halogenated agents.
- the composition may comprise these agents in proportions ranging from 3 to 40% relative to the total mass of the composition.
- pigments such as coloring or brightening compounds in proportions generally ranging from 5 to 15% relative to the total weight of the composition.
- one skilled in the art can refer, for example, to the Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2003 volume 7 .
- composition of the active layer according to the present invention can also be used in fields other than that of photovoltaics, whenever this active layer is used in its primary function, namely to transform solar energy. in electrical energy.
- the thickness of the PEDOT-PSS layer is 50 nm (nanometer). It has been measured, for example, using an "Alpha-step IQ Surafe Profiler" device.
- the active layer composed of a mixture of P3HT: PCBM: copolymer previously solubilized in ort / zo-dichlorobenzene at 50 ° C. is deposited by spin on the PEDOT / PSS layer, at a rate of one thousand revolutions per minute (1000 rpm). The thickness of this layer is typically between 80 and 150 nm.
- a cathode made of Aluminum (Al) is deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum ( ⁇ 10 "7 mbar) through a mask. The active surface of the cell is thus 8.4 mm 2.
- a heat treatment at 165 ° C for 20 min is then applied via a hot plate.
- a standard configuration (ITO / PEDOT: PSS / P3HT: PCBM: copolymer / Al) of photovoltaic cell is then obtained.
- the electrical contacts with the cells are then established using a "Karl Suss PM5" sampler.
- Current / voltage measurements are acquired using for example a "Keithley 4200 SCS" under an illumination of 100 mW / cm 2 obtained through a solar simulator "KHS Solar Celltest 575" combined with filters AM 1.5G. All procedures performed after deposition of the PEDOT-PSS layer were performed in an inert atmosphere (dinitrogen) glove box with a quantity of water and oxygen less than 0.1 ppm (parts per million).
- the glass / ITO substrates (8.4 mm 2 ) are cleaned with acetone, ethanol and isopropanol successively in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min each.
- a layer of titanium (IV) isopropoxide solution stabilized with hydrochloric acid and diluted in ethanol by "spin-coating" above the ITO layer is then deposited.
- the cell is allowed to come into contact with air at room temperature for 1 hour in order to convert the precursor into TiOx.
- the active layer is then deposited.
- the solution consists of P3HT (Plextronix), PCBM (Solaris) and a certain percentage of the copolymer P3HT- ⁇ -P4VP (from 0 to 10%>).
- the block copolymer used in this example has blocks of P3HT and P4VP of respective molar masses of 2500 g / mol and 5000 g / mol. Finally, a layer of M0O3 and the electrode (Silver) are deposited by thermal evaporation.
- Table 1 Photovoltaic efficiency as a function of the copolymer content added in the active layer.
- the yield is also improved before the annealing step.
- a yield of 3.25%, without annealing, is thus obtained when at least 4% of copolymer is added, which is greater than the reference cell after annealing.
- ITO coated glass substrates are washed in an ultrasonic bath. This is done initially in acetone, then in ethanol and finally in isopropanol. After drying, a UV-ozone treatment is applied to these substrates for fifteen minutes and a thin layer of PEDOT / PSS (approximately 50 nanometers) is deposited by spinning and then dried under vacuum for one hour at 110 ° C. All the steps involved after deposition of the PEDOT / PSS layer are carried out under an inert atmosphere in a glove box (0 2 and H 2 0 ⁇ 0.1 ppm).
- the active layer composed of a mixture of P3HT: PCBM: copolymer previously dissolved in ortho-dichlorobenzene at 50 ° C is spin coated on the PEDOT / PSS layer.
- the thickness of this layer is typically between 100 and 150 nm.
- An aluminum cathode (Al) is then deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum ( ⁇ 10 "7 mbar) through a mask, the active surface of the cell is thus 8.4 mm 2 .
- a hot plate heat treatment at 165 ° C is then applied for twenty minutes.
- a standard configuration (ITO / PEDOT: PSS / P3HT: PCBM: copolymer / Al) of photovoltaic cell is then obtained.
- the electrical contacts with the cells are then established using for example a "Karl Suss PM5" sampler.
- the current / voltage measurements are acquired using a "Keithley 4200 SCS" under an illumination of 100 mW / cm 2 obtained through a solar simulator "KHS Solar Celltest 575" combined with filters AM 1.5G.
- the cells were characterized before the beginning of the degradation cycle in order to ensure the same level of initial performance of the photovoltaic cells tested.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1154654A FR2975831B1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | COMPOSITION OF AN ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE |
FR1160510A FR2975832B1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-11-18 | COMPOSITION OF AN ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE |
PCT/FR2012/051102 WO2012164194A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2715823A1 true EP2715823A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
Family
ID=45855909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12728705.0A Withdrawn EP2715823A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140130850A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2715823A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6082925B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20140033461A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103733367B (en) |
FR (2) | FR2975831B1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG195167A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012164194A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006047045A1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | Universität Paderborn | Photovoltaic device for production of solar energy, has photovoltaic acceptor material and photovoltaic donor material and device has two carrier layers |
CN106129248B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-06-05 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of organic photovoltaic battery production method of water/alcohol-soluble block conjugated polymer as cathode buffer layer |
GB2577561A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Method of manufacturing an organic photodetector |
CN117024874B (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2024-03-15 | 链行走新材料科技(广州)有限公司 | P3HT composite functional material and application thereof |
CN117769269A (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-03-26 | 深圳职业技术大学 | Composition for active layer, organic solar cell and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7758890B2 (en) * | 2001-06-23 | 2010-07-20 | Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment using dantrolene |
JP4126019B2 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2008-07-30 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element |
US20080017244A9 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2008-01-24 | Sam-Shajing Sun | Photovoltaic devices based on a novel block copolymer |
JP4133452B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-08-13 | 出光ユニテック株式会社 | Multilayer structure and package |
JP2006073900A (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | Nippon Oil Corp | Photoelectric conversion element |
WO2007025189A2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Carnegie Mellon University | Electrically conductive blockcopolymers and controlled radical polymerization |
JP4673266B2 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2011-04-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Pattern forming method and mold |
US7985919B1 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2011-07-26 | Nanosolar, Inc. | Thermal management for photovoltaic devices |
JP5599723B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2014-10-01 | プレックストロニクス インコーポレーティッド | Fullerenes and derivatives thereof, and an improved method of making fullerenes suitable for organic photovoltaic devices |
US20090229667A1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Solarmer Energy, Inc. | Translucent solar cell |
JP2009267092A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-11-12 | Toray Ind Inc | Material for photovoltaic device, and photovoltaic device |
US8211996B2 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2012-07-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Well-defined donor-acceptor rod-coil diblock copolymer based on P3HT containing C60 |
JP5292514B2 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2013-09-18 | ポリエラ コーポレイション | Conjugated polymers and their use in optoelectronic devices |
JP5601039B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2014-10-08 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Thiadiazole-containing polymer |
GB0912041D0 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-08-19 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Optoelectronic devices |
US8059350B2 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-11-15 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Patterned magnetic recording disk with patterned servo sectors having chevron servo patterns |
KR101114955B1 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2012-03-06 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Method for Controlling a Self-assembled Structure of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based Block Copolymer |
CN101698572B (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-12-12 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Method for preparing gradient polymer porosity broadband antireflection film |
CN101831056B (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Fluorine-contained polythiophene photoelectric material with high optical conversion rate and preparation method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-05-27 FR FR1154654A patent/FR2975831B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-18 FR FR1160510A patent/FR2975832B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-05-16 SG SG2013087457A patent/SG195167A1/en unknown
- 2012-05-16 KR KR1020137034628A patent/KR20140033461A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-05-16 CN CN201280025540.4A patent/CN103733367B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-16 EP EP12728705.0A patent/EP2715823A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-05-16 WO PCT/FR2012/051102 patent/WO2012164194A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-16 JP JP2014511934A patent/JP6082925B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-16 US US14/122,566 patent/US20140130850A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2012164194A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2975831A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 |
FR2975832B1 (en) | 2015-09-25 |
JP2014519202A (en) | 2014-08-07 |
WO2012164194A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
US20140130850A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
SG195167A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
FR2975832A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 |
CN103733367A (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CN103733367B (en) | 2017-11-07 |
JP6082925B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
FR2975831B1 (en) | 2013-11-22 |
KR20140033461A (en) | 2014-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2007048909A1 (en) | Polymeric nanofibril network for photovoltaic cells | |
WO2012164194A1 (en) | Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module | |
EP3477721A1 (en) | Electronic or hybrid device and fabrication method | |
EP2148747B1 (en) | Thin films of conjugated polymers containing inorganic nanoparticles and manufacturing process thereof | |
Liang et al. | Recent advances of solid additives used in organic solar cells: toward efficient and stable solar cells | |
CA2834117C (en) | Composition for an active layer or electrode of photovoltaic cells | |
EP2561560B1 (en) | Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell comprising an electrically active layer having a vertical segregation | |
FR3011548A1 (en) | PHOTOACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUND | |
EP3020078A1 (en) | Method for producing an active layer capable of emitting an electric current under irradiation | |
FR2950736A1 (en) | ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC COATINGS OF CONTROLLED MORPHOLOGY | |
WO2017121830A1 (en) | Tungstate ion solution and hybrid photovoltaic device | |
WO2013156609A1 (en) | Method for preparing a photovoltaic thin film having a heterojunction | |
WO2014072944A1 (en) | Novel method for manufacturing organic electronic devices | |
EP2488509B1 (en) | Dipyrannylidene derivatives as an anode interfacial layer in electronic devices | |
Rammal | Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for eco-efficient processing of organic photovoltaic cells | |
CA3046319A1 (en) | Film for photovoltaic cell, fabrication process, associated photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module | |
Gernigon | Use of block copolymers in organic solar cells: Morphology, charge transport and photovoltaic performances | |
DERIBEW | L’UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX | |
Nismy et al. | Control of nanocrystal surface defects for efficient charge extraction in polymer-ZnO photovoltaic systems | |
Ladelta | Fullerene-containing Polymethacrylate |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20131107 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MOUGNIER, SEBASTIEN-JUN Inventor name: NICOLET, CELIA Inventor name: BROCHON, CYRIL Inventor name: DERIBEW, DARGIE H. Inventor name: RENAUD, CEDRIC Inventor name: FLEURY, GUILLAUME Inventor name: HADZIIOANNOU, GEORGES Inventor name: VIGNAU, LAURENCE Inventor name: CLOUTET, ERIC |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20160718 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20191203 |