EP2712510B1 - Smoking article - Google Patents
Smoking article Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2712510B1 EP2712510B1 EP12006814.3A EP12006814A EP2712510B1 EP 2712510 B1 EP2712510 B1 EP 2712510B1 EP 12006814 A EP12006814 A EP 12006814A EP 2712510 B1 EP2712510 B1 EP 2712510B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- smoking article
- filter segment
- tobacco
- segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 57
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000024873 Mentha crispa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
- A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/067—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by functional properties
- A24D3/068—Biodegradable or disintegrable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a smoking article with a biodegradable filter.
- Smoking articles such as cigarettes, usually comprise a smokable tobacco rod wrapped in a wrapper (such as a cigarette paper) and a filter attached to that rod by means of a tipping paper.
- a perforation of the layers that surround the filter material can be applied to achieve a filter ventilation that dilutes the mainstream smoke with air.
- Filters for smoking articles often consist of two or more segments that are axially aligned to achieve special filter characteristics. Depending on the number of filter segments, such filters are known as dual, triple, etc. filters.
- Cellulose acetate is the most commonly used filter material for smoking articles. However, cellulose acetate has a poor biodegradability either in composting environments or in standardised tests like OECD 301 B. Filter materials with improved biodegradability are also known, such as paper, other nonwoven (e.g. air-laid) cellulose fibres, or regenerated cellulose like lyocell or viscose.
- the problem of the latter filter materials is that they have a much higher filtration efficiency for the particulate matter ("tar") of the mainstream smoke than cellulose acetate. Since the amount of carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke is not influenced by filtration, the ratio between the yield of carbon monoxide (in mg per smoking article) and the yield of particulate matter (in mg per smoking article) increases with increasing filtration efficiency.
- particulate matter is measured as PMWNF ("particulate matter (water and nicotine free)").
- PMWNF particulate matter (water and nicotine free)
- LIP low ignition propensity
- tobacco as a filter material is known from prior art, e.g. from FR 1 270 093 or from cigarettes of the brand "Gitanes Mais".
- Tobacco filters are mainly used to influence the taste of the smoking articles or to achieve a special appearance of the cigarette mouth end that resembles a filter-less cigarette.
- consumers preference has nowadays switched towards a white colour of the visible filter end.
- WO 02/45531 A1 which corresponds to DE 100 60 234 A1 , discloses a smoking product comprising a tobacco filter with a hollow mouthpiece.
- a cellulose-based filter section can be placed between the tobacco rod of the smoking product and the tobacco filter.
- EP 2 324 722 A1 discloses a filter segment comprising a substrate with a smoke-modifying agent, which is formed from filter plug wrap.
- the substrate can be loaded with menthol.
- EP 1 234 514 A2 discloses a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity.
- a wrapper surrounding a tobacco column comprises at least one discrete area treated with a composition to reduce its base permeability.
- WO 2011/123320 A2 discloses a biodegradable cigarette filter consisting of one segment, which includes embedded seeds.
- EP 0 597 478 A1 discloses a biodegradable cellulose ester composition, which is suitable for the manufacture of tobacco filters.
- EP 1 889 550 A1 discloses a multi-component filter comprising two flavour release segments.
- the object of the invention is to provide a smoking article with a biodegradable filter, which has an acceptable white appearance at its mouth-sided end and which provides a filtration efficiency for particulate matter that is low enough to resemble that of the usual cellulose acetate filters.
- Claim 10 relates to a filter tube for the self-production of a smoking article, which results in a smoking article as defined in claim 1.
- Advantageous versions of the invention follow from the dependent claims.
- the smoking article according to the invention comprises a smokable tobacco rod, which includes tobacco wrapped in a wrapper, and a filter having a first end and a second end.
- the smoking article is a cigarette and the wrapper is a cigarette paper, but other kinds of smoking articles, e.g. a cigarillo, are conceivable as well.
- the filter comprises a first filter segment extending up to the first end of the filter and placed at an end of the tobacco rod (rod-sided filter segment), as well as a second filter segment extending up to the second end of the filter (mouth-sided filter segment).
- the first filter segment comprises cut or shredded plant material.
- the second filter segment comprises a cellulose material as filtering material.
- a cellulose material in the sense of the invention is a material based on natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose, but not a cellulose derivate like cellulose acetate.
- the length of the second filter segment is in the range 3 mm to 12 mm.
- the filter of the smoking article according to the invention is biodegradable according to OECD 301 B.
- OECD 301 is an OECD guideline for testing chemicals (adopted by the Council on 17 July 1992) and describes several methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium.
- One of these methods is referred to as OECD 301 B.
- the CO 2 evolution due to a test sample in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions is measured and related to the theoretical CO 2 production of the test compound assuming full degradation. Roughly, the test will be considered as passed if the ratio of measured CO 2 to theoretical CO 2 increases from 10% to 60% or more within a period of 10 days.
- the OECD 301 guideline which includes the description of OECD 301 B.
- the second or mouth-sided filter segment comprises a cellulose material
- its appearance is generally white or whitish, similar to the mouth-sided end of an ordinary cigarette with a cellulose acetate filter.
- This filter segment is rather short so that the generally high filtration efficiency per unit length of cellulose materials does not result in an overall filtration efficiency of the second filter segment which is too high.
- the first or rod-sided filter segment generally does not add much to the overall filtration efficiency of the filter, but it adds some length to the filter so that the total length of the filter looks familiar to the consumer and facilitates the handling of the filters during production.
- the cut or shredded plant material of the first filter segment may influence the taste of the smoking article.
- the filter is a dual filter. That means, it does not comprise further segments in addition to the first filter segment and the second filter segment, wherein each filter segment is considered as having a generally non-variable constitution along the longitudinal axis of the smoking article.
- the constitution of the second filter segment is largely homogeneous.
- the constitution of each filter segment can be largely homogeneous, i.e. non-variable along the longitudinal axis and across cross-sectional areas.
- the cellulose material of the second filter element examples are paper, air-laid cellulose or regenerated cellulose like lyocell or viscose. Mixtures or blends of such materials are also possible.
- the second filter element may contain an admixture of an adsorbent to reduce gas-phase constituents of the main stream smoke, preferably as a constituent of a paper material, e.g. a paper containing activated carbon.
- the first or rod-sided filter segment comprises cut tobacco or cut (or shredded) herbs, e.g. mint, eucalyptus, and/or tea. Mixtures or blends of tobacco and cut or shredded herbs (like mint, eucalyptus, and/or tea) are conceivable as well. There are multiple ways of influencing the overall taste of the smoking article by selecting an appropriate plant material, e.g. an appropriate blend, for the first filter segment.
- the first filter segment may have a density in the range of from 0.20 g/cm 3 to 0.35 g/cm 3 . This is generally somewhat greater than the density of the tobacco in the tobacco rod of the smoking article. By adjusting the density, the filtration efficiency and the taste provided by the first filter segment can be influenced. Moreover, a denser filter feels harder, more like a usual cellulose acetate filter, and a denser filter is more rigid during the manufacturing process, wherein the tendency of losing plant particles from the end sides of the first filter segment is decreased.
- the wrapper of the smokingg article can be a cigarette paper, which comprises at least one zone having a permeability less than a basic permeability of the cigarette paper. That means, the original or basic permeability of the cigarette paper is decreased in certain zones, e.g. by applying a coating.
- the low-permeability zones can be arranged, e.g., in a ring pattern. In this way, a low-ignition propensity ("LIP") of the smoking article is achieved so that the smoking article, preferably, fulfils the requirements of ASTM E2187 and/or EN 16156:2010.
- LIP low-ignition propensity
- smoking articles are well known in the art.
- the CO yield or level of a smoking article is hardly influenced by the filter (except for by ventilation), whereas the PMWNF yield (level) can be controlled via the filter.
- the latter can be accomplished, e.g., via the density or kind of the cellulose material in the second filter segment or via the length of the second filter segment.
- the ratio of CO/PMWNF is preferably less than 1.3, when smoked according to ISO conditions.
- the ratio of CO/PMWNF is preferably less than 1.1, when smoked according to ISO conditions.
- CO/PMWNF is expressed as the total yield of CO in mg per smoking article divided by the total yield of PMWNF in mg per smoking article.
- the relevant norm is ISO 4387.
- the filter explained so far can also be used with a filter tube for the self-production of a smoking article, which comprises a wrapper adapted to accommodate tobacco.
- a smoking article according to the invention comprises a wrapper adapted to accommodate tobacco.
- the only difference between a smoking article according to the invention and such smoking article filter tube is that, in the latter, the tobacco is missing in the rod in the state to be marketed, wherein the consumer fills in the tobacco by herself or himself.
- the filter of the smoking article filter tube can have all the properties of the filter of the smoking article according to the invention.
- a smoking article according to the invention can be manufactured, e.g., in the following way:
- Tobacco filter base rods for the first filter segments are manufactured on a standard cigarette maker from a cut or shredded tobacco blend, a wrapper and glue.
- tobacco blends usually comprise cut Virginia, Burley and/or Oriental tobacco leaf.
- the tobacco blend can further comprise cut tobacco stems. All tobacco materials can be expanded using processes that are familiar to a skilled person.
- the wrapper can be a porous or non-porous filter plug wrap paper.
- a dual filter rod can be manufactured with a standard filter combining machine using a second porous or non-porous wrapper and glue.
- the combustible tobacco rod is produced on a standard filter cigarette maker from tobacco, cigarette paper and glue.
- the dual filters are attached to that rod by a tipping paper that covers the filter as well as a part of the smokable tobacco rod.
- each filter segment comprises a plug wrap
- both filter segments are combined by means of an additional wrapper, and the resulting dual filter is attached to the smokable tobacco rod by means of a tipping paper.
- FIG 1 illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article in a schematic view.
- the smoking article is a cigarette 1 comprising a smokable tobacco rod 2 (tobacco wrapped in a cigarette paper) and a dual filter 3.
- the dual filter 3 is attached to the smokable tobacco rod 2 by means of a tipping paper (not shown in Figure 1 ).
- the dual filter 3 has a first end 4 adjacent to the tobacco rod 2 and a second end 5 as the mouth-sided filter end.
- the dual filter 3 comprises a rod-sided first filter segment 11 and a mouth-sided second filter element 12.
- the first filter segment 11 contains cut or shredded plant material (in the embodiment tobacco), whereas the second filter segment 12 contains a cellulose material as filtering material (in the embodiment paper).
- Each filter segment 11, 12 comprises a plug wrap, and both filter segments 11, 12 are combined by means of an additional wrapper (not shown in Figure 1 ).
- the dual filter 3 is ventilated by a circumferentially extending row of ventilation holes placed in the area of the first filter segment 11.
- cigarette samples were produced with the parameters indicated below and listed in Table 1.
- the columns “Reference” and “Reference II” relate to samples having a conventional filter of cellulose acetate (“Mono-AC”) or a paper filter, respectively, for comparison purposes.
- the remaining four columns (“Tobacco-Paper Filter Samples”) relate to samples according to the invention.
- PD pressure drop
- the tobacco used for the tobacco filter segment is a dark air-cured blend containing 60% of expanded stems.
- the last column (“+25% mint”) in Table 1 relates to a sample including mint leaf within the tobacco filter segment. In this case, 25% of the lamina part of the tobacco blend in the filters of samples 1 to 3 has been replaced by threshed mint leaf.
- the biodegradability of the paper filter segment, the tobacco filter segment and the cellulose acetate filter of the samples according to Table 1 was tested according to the OECD 301 B method. The results are shown in Figure 2 .
- the graphical representations display the amount of degradation during progress of time. The degradation is expressed as the ratio of CO 2 production due to the respective test sample to the theoretical CO 2 production of the test sample assuming full degradation, as described in detail in the OECD 301 guideline.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Description
- The invention relates to a smoking article with a biodegradable filter.
- Smoking articles, such as cigarettes, usually comprise a smokable tobacco rod wrapped in a wrapper (such as a cigarette paper) and a filter attached to that rod by means of a tipping paper. A perforation of the layers that surround the filter material can be applied to achieve a filter ventilation that dilutes the mainstream smoke with air.
- Filters for smoking articles often consist of two or more segments that are axially aligned to achieve special filter characteristics. Depending on the number of filter segments, such filters are known as dual, triple, etc. filters.
- Cellulose acetate is the most commonly used filter material for smoking articles. However, cellulose acetate has a poor biodegradability either in composting environments or in standardised tests like OECD 301 B. Filter materials with improved biodegradability are also known, such as paper, other nonwoven (e.g. air-laid) cellulose fibres, or regenerated cellulose like lyocell or viscose.
- The problem of the latter filter materials is that they have a much higher filtration efficiency for the particulate matter ("tar") of the mainstream smoke than cellulose acetate. Since the amount of carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke is not influenced by filtration, the ratio between the yield of carbon monoxide (in mg per smoking article) and the yield of particulate matter (in mg per smoking article) increases with increasing filtration efficiency. Here and in the following, particulate matter is measured as PMWNF ("particulate matter (water and nicotine free)"). As there exist upper limits on the yield of carbon monoxide and the yield of PMWNF in regulations of numerous countries and of the EU, such filter materials restrict PMWNF levels. The use of so-called LIP ("low ignition propensity") papers has further attributed to this situation because these papers tend to increase CO yields at constant PMWNF levels.
- Using tobacco as a filter material is known from prior art, e.g. from
FR 1 270 093 -
WO 02/45531 A1 DE 100 60 234 A1 , discloses a smoking product comprising a tobacco filter with a hollow mouthpiece. Optionally, a cellulose-based filter section can be placed between the tobacco rod of the smoking product and the tobacco filter. -
EP 2 324 722 A1 -
EP 1 234 514 A2 discloses a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity. A wrapper surrounding a tobacco column comprises at least one discrete area treated with a composition to reduce its base permeability. -
WO 2011/123320 A2 discloses a biodegradable cigarette filter consisting of one segment, which includes embedded seeds. -
EP 0 597 478 A1 -
EP 1 889 550 A1 discloses a multi-component filter comprising two flavour release segments. - The object of the invention is to provide a smoking article with a biodegradable filter, which has an acceptable white appearance at its mouth-sided end and which provides a filtration efficiency for particulate matter that is low enough to resemble that of the usual cellulose acetate filters.
- This object is achieved by a smoking article having the features of claim 1.
Claim 10 relates to a filter tube for the self-production of a smoking article, which results in a smoking article as defined in claim 1. Advantageous versions of the invention follow from the dependent claims. - The smoking article according to the invention comprises a smokable tobacco rod, which includes tobacco wrapped in a wrapper, and a filter having a first end and a second end. Preferably, the smoking article is a cigarette and the wrapper is a cigarette paper, but other kinds of smoking articles, e.g. a cigarillo, are conceivable as well. The filter comprises a first filter segment extending up to the first end of the filter and placed at an end of the tobacco rod (rod-sided filter segment), as well as a second filter segment extending up to the second end of the filter (mouth-sided filter segment). The first filter segment comprises cut or shredded plant material. The second filter segment comprises a cellulose material as filtering material. A cellulose material in the sense of the invention is a material based on natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose, but not a cellulose derivate like cellulose acetate. The length of the second filter segment is in the
range 3 mm to 12 mm. Moreover, the filter of the smoking article according to the invention is biodegradable according to OECD 301 B. - OECD 301 is an OECD guideline for testing chemicals (adopted by the Council on 17 July 1992) and describes several methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium. One of these methods is referred to as OECD 301 B. In this test, the CO2 evolution due to a test sample in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions is measured and related to the theoretical CO2 production of the test compound assuming full degradation. Roughly, the test will be considered as passed if the ratio of measured CO2 to theoretical CO2 increases from 10% to 60% or more within a period of 10 days. For detailed information, see the OECD 301 guideline, which includes the description of OECD 301 B.
- Since the second or mouth-sided filter segment comprises a cellulose material, its appearance is generally white or whitish, similar to the mouth-sided end of an ordinary cigarette with a cellulose acetate filter. This filter segment is rather short so that the generally high filtration efficiency per unit length of cellulose materials does not result in an overall filtration efficiency of the second filter segment which is too high. The first or rod-sided filter segment generally does not add much to the overall filtration efficiency of the filter, but it adds some length to the filter so that the total length of the filter looks familiar to the consumer and facilitates the handling of the filters during production. Moreover, the cut or shredded plant material of the first filter segment may influence the taste of the smoking article.
- Preferably, the filter is a dual filter. That means, it does not comprise further segments in addition to the first filter segment and the second filter segment, wherein each filter segment is considered as having a generally non-variable constitution along the longitudinal axis of the smoking article.
- The constitution of the second filter segment is largely homogeneous. Generally, the constitution of each filter segment can be largely homogeneous, i.e. non-variable along the longitudinal axis and across cross-sectional areas.
- Examples for the cellulose material of the second filter element are paper, air-laid cellulose or regenerated cellulose like lyocell or viscose. Mixtures or blends of such materials are also possible. Moreover, the second filter element may contain an admixture of an adsorbent to reduce gas-phase constituents of the main stream smoke, preferably as a constituent of a paper material, e.g. a paper containing activated carbon.
- In advantageous embodiments of the invention, the first or rod-sided filter segment comprises cut tobacco or cut (or shredded) herbs, e.g. mint, eucalyptus, and/or tea. Mixtures or blends of tobacco and cut or shredded herbs (like mint, eucalyptus, and/or tea) are conceivable as well. There are multiple ways of influencing the overall taste of the smoking article by selecting an appropriate plant material, e.g. an appropriate blend, for the first filter segment.
- The first filter segment may have a density in the range of from 0.20 g/cm3 to 0.35 g/cm3. This is generally somewhat greater than the density of the tobacco in the tobacco rod of the smoking article. By adjusting the density, the filtration efficiency and the taste provided by the first filter segment can be influenced. Moreover, a denser filter feels harder, more like a usual cellulose acetate filter, and a denser filter is more rigid during the manufacturing process, wherein the tendency of losing plant particles from the end sides of the first filter segment is decreased.
- In accordance with recent regulations, and in particular if the smoking article is a cigarette, the wrapper of the smokingg article can be a cigarette paper, which comprises at least one zone having a permeability less than a basic permeability of the cigarette paper. That means, the original or basic permeability of the cigarette paper is decreased in certain zones, e.g. by applying a coating. The low-permeability zones can be arranged, e.g., in a ring pattern. In this way, a low-ignition propensity ("LIP") of the smoking article is achieved so that the smoking article, preferably, fulfils the requirements of ASTM E2187 and/or EN 16156:2010. Generally, low-ignition propensity smoking articles are well known in the art.
- As already mentioned further above, the CO yield or level of a smoking article is hardly influenced by the filter (except for by ventilation), whereas the PMWNF yield (level) can be controlled via the filter. In the present invention, the latter can be accomplished, e.g., via the density or kind of the cellulose material in the second filter segment or via the length of the second filter segment. If the smoking article has a PMWNF level of more than or equal to 8 mg, the ratio of CO/PMWNF is preferably less than 1.3, when smoked according to ISO conditions. If the smoking article has a PMWNF level of less than 8 mg, the ratio of CO/PMWNF is preferably less than 1.1, when smoked according to ISO conditions. Here, CO/PMWNF is expressed as the total yield of CO in mg per smoking article divided by the total yield of PMWNF in mg per smoking article. The relevant norm is ISO 4387.
- The filter explained so far can also be used with a filter tube for the self-production of a smoking article, which comprises a wrapper adapted to accommodate tobacco. The only difference between a smoking article according to the invention and such smoking article filter tube is that, in the latter, the tobacco is missing in the rod in the state to be marketed, wherein the consumer fills in the tobacco by herself or himself. The filter of the smoking article filter tube can have all the properties of the filter of the smoking article according to the invention.
- A smoking article according to the invention can be manufactured, e.g., in the following way:
- Filter base rods for the second filter segments are manufactured on a standard paper filter maker from a paper web, a plug wrap and glue. As known to a skilled person, the pressure drop and retention of this element can be controlled through the width of the paper web and an optional embossing or crimping of that web. Depending on the intended type of filter ventilation, the plug wrap can either be porous or non-porous.
- Tobacco filter base rods for the first filter segments are manufactured on a standard cigarette maker from a cut or shredded tobacco blend, a wrapper and glue. Such tobacco blends usually comprise cut Virginia, Burley and/or Oriental tobacco leaf. The tobacco blend can further comprise cut tobacco stems. All tobacco materials can be expanded using processes that are familiar to a skilled person. The wrapper can be a porous or non-porous filter plug wrap paper.
- From those filter base rods, a dual filter rod can be manufactured with a standard filter combining machine using a second porous or non-porous wrapper and glue.
- The combustible tobacco rod is produced on a standard filter cigarette maker from tobacco, cigarette paper and glue. The dual filters are attached to that rod by a tipping paper that covers the filter as well as a part of the smokable tobacco rod.
- Thus, in this example, each filter segment comprises a plug wrap, both filter segments are combined by means of an additional wrapper, and the resulting dual filter is attached to the smokable tobacco rod by means of a tipping paper.
- In the following, the invention is further described by means of embodiments. The drawings shows in
- Figure 1
- a schematic view of an embodiment of the smoking article according to the invention and
- Figure 2
- a graphical representation of the degradation of cigarette filter segments of paper, tobacco and cellulose acetate as a function of time, when measured as described in OECD 301 B.
-
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article in a schematic view. The smoking article is a cigarette 1 comprising a smokable tobacco rod 2 (tobacco wrapped in a cigarette paper) and adual filter 3. Thedual filter 3 is attached to thesmokable tobacco rod 2 by means of a tipping paper (not shown inFigure 1 ). Thedual filter 3 has a first end 4 adjacent to thetobacco rod 2 and asecond end 5 as the mouth-sided filter end. - The
dual filter 3 comprises a rod-sidedfirst filter segment 11 and a mouth-sidedsecond filter element 12. Thefirst filter segment 11 contains cut or shredded plant material (in the embodiment tobacco), whereas thesecond filter segment 12 contains a cellulose material as filtering material (in the embodiment paper). Eachfilter segment segments Figure 1 ). - In the embodiment, the
dual filter 3 is ventilated by a circumferentially extending row of ventilation holes placed in the area of thefirst filter segment 11. - As examples, cigarette samples were produced with the parameters indicated below and listed in Table 1. The columns "Reference" and "Reference II" relate to samples having a conventional filter of cellulose acetate ("Mono-AC") or a paper filter, respectively, for comparison purposes. The remaining four columns ("Tobacco-Paper Filter Samples") relate to samples according to the invention.
- All cigarettes included in Table 1 are standard king size cigarettes with a total length of the filter of 21 mm, a total length of the smokable tobacco rod of 62 mm and a diameter of 7,88 mm. In all cases, the tipping length (length of the tipping paper) is 25 mm. In the tobacco rod, all cigarettes of Table 1 contain a standard American blend with a rod weight of 670 mg. In all ventilated samples, the filter ventilation is positioned 13 mm from the mouth-sided end of the filter. Moreover, all samples contain a LIP cigarette paper with a base porosity of 70 CU (Coresta units). The smoke yields of the cigarettes in Table 1 were tested according to ISO 4387. For the measurements of the pressure drop ("PD"), the ventilation perforations were open; 1 mmWG = 9.8 Pa.
- In the samples according to the invention, the tobacco used for the tobacco filter segment (tobacco filter plug) is a dark air-cured blend containing 60% of expanded stems.
- The last column ("+25% mint") in Table 1 relates to a sample including mint leaf within the tobacco filter segment. In this case, 25% of the lamina part of the tobacco blend in the filters of samples 1 to 3 has been replaced by threshed mint leaf.
- The aim of providing CO/NFDPM ratios of below 1.3 is achieved by all samples according to the invention.
- The biodegradability of the paper filter segment, the tobacco filter segment and the cellulose acetate filter of the samples according to Table 1 was tested according to the OECD 301 B method. The results are shown in
Figure 2 . The graphical representations display the amount of degradation during progress of time. The degradation is expressed as the ratio of CO2 production due to the respective test sample to the theoretical CO2 production of the test sample assuming full degradation, as described in detail in the OECD 301 guideline. - As is evident from
Figure 2 , tobacco and paper passed the test whereas cellulose acetate failed.Table 1 Data of reference cigarettes and of cigarettes according to the invention having a dual filter comprising a tobacco and a paper segment Reference Reference II Tobacco-Paper Filter Samples Mono-Ac Paper Filter 1 2 3 +25% Mint Filter Parameters Length paper plug mm - 21 6 6 6 6 Weight paper plug mg - 152 45 40 45 45 PD paper plug mmWG - 75 18 15 18 18 Length tobacco plug mm - - 15 15 15 15 Weight tobacco plug mg - - 183 194 183 186 PD tobacco plug mmWG - - 27 34 27 26 Length Mono-Ac filter mm 21 - - - - - PD Mono-Ac filter mmWG 70 - - - - - Filter Ventilation % 43 35 0 29 50 27 Smoke Data Puff number 7.9 7.4 7.9 7.9 9.0 8.1 NFDPM (Tar) mg/Cig 8.7 6.9 11.4 10.2 6.4 8.6 Smoke nicotine mg/Cig 0.84 0.49 0.84 0.85 0.60 0.75 Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/Cig 7.8 9.9 14.6 9.2 6.9 10.5 CO/Tar 0.89 1.43 1.28 0.90 1.08 1.22
Claims (11)
- Smoking article, comprising a smokable tobacco rod (2), which includes tobacco and a wrapper, and a filter (3) having a first end (4) and a second end (5), wherein the filter (3) comprises- a first filter segment (11) extending to the first end (4) of the filter (3) and placed at an end of the tobacco rod (2), wherein the first filter segment (11) comprises cut or shredded plant material, and- a second filter segment (12) extending to the second end (5) of the filter, wherein the second filter segment (12) comprises a cellulose material as filtering material,- the second filter segment (12) comprising at least one of the cellulose materials selected from the following group: paper, paper containing an adsorbent, paper containing activated carbon, air-laid cellulose, regenerated cellulose, lyocell, viscose,characterised in that- the constitution of the second filter segment (12) is largely homogeneous,- the second filter segment (12) has a length in the range of from 3 mm to 12 mm, and- the filter (3) is bio-degradable according to OECD 301 B.
- Smoking article according to claim 1, characterised in that the filter is a dual filter (3).
- Smoking article according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the first filter segment (11) comprises cut tobacco.
- Smoking article according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the first filter segment (11) comprises at least one of the materials selected from the following group: cut or shredded herbs, cut or shredded mint leaves, eucalyptus, tea.
- Smoking article according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the first filter segment (11) has a density in the range of from 0.20 g/cm3 to 0.35 g/cm3.
- Smoking article according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the wrapper is a cigarette paper comprising at least one zone having a permeability less than a basic permeability of the cigarette paper and is adapted to provide low-ignition propensity to the smoking article.
- Smoking article according to claim 6, characterised in that the smoking article (1) fulfils the requirements of ASTM E2187 and/or EN 16156:2010.
- Smoking article according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the smoking article (1) has a PMWNF level of more than or equal to 8 mg and a ratio of CO/PMWNF of less than 1.3 when smoked according to ISO conditions.
- Smoking article according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the smoking article (1) has a PMWNF level of less than 8 mg and a ratio of CO/PMWNF of less than 1.1 when smoked according to ISO conditions.
- Smoking article filter tube for the self-production of a smoking article according to claim 1, comprising a wrapper adapted to accommodate tobacco to provide a smokable tobacco rod, and a filter having a first end and a second end, wherein the filter comprises- a first filter segment extending to the first end of the filter and placed at an end of the tobacco rod, wherein the first filter segment comprises cut or shredded plant material, and- a second filter segment extending to the second end of the filter, wherein the second filter segment comprises a cellulose material as filtering material,- the second filter segment comprising at least one of the cellulose materials selected from the following group: paper, paper containing an adsorbent, paper containing activated carbon, air-laid cellulose, regenerated cellulose, lyocell, viscose,- the constitution of the second filter segment being largely homogeneous,- the second filter segment having a length in the range of from 3 mm to 12 mm, and- wherein the filter is bio-degradable according to OECD 301 B.
- Smoking article filter tube according to claim 10, characterised by the characterising features of anyone of claims 2 to 6.
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12006814.3A EP2712510B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Smoking article |
PL12006814T PL2712510T3 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Smoking article |
ES12006814.3T ES2569038T3 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Smoking article |
NZ706469A NZ706469A (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
UAA201504132A UA117113C2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
JP2015533467A JP6215331B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
AU2013324682A AU2013324682B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
RU2015115971A RU2633952C2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking product |
CA2880633A CA2880633C (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
CN201380050936.9A CN104717896B (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Tobacco product |
EP13756319.3A EP2900095A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
KR1020157008863A KR102085772B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking Article |
PCT/EP2013/002584 WO2014048533A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
MA38006A MA38006B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
TW102131656A TWI600381B (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-03 | Smoking article |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12006814.3A EP2712510B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Smoking article |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2712510A1 EP2712510A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
EP2712510B1 true EP2712510B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
Family
ID=47010155
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12006814.3A Active EP2712510B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Smoking article |
EP13756319.3A Withdrawn EP2900095A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13756319.3A Withdrawn EP2900095A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-08-27 | Smoking article |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2712510B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6215331B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102085772B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104717896B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013324682B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2880633C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2569038T3 (en) |
MA (1) | MA38006B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ706469A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2712510T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2633952C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI600381B (en) |
UA (1) | UA117113C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014048533A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4176736A1 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-10 | Essentra Filter Products Development Co. Pte. Ltd. | Active paper |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113940449A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-18 | 益升华过滤产品开发私人有限公司 | Paper cavity type filter |
GB202115251D0 (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-08 | Essentra Filter Products Dev Co Pte Ltd | Paper tube |
ES2958821A1 (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-02-15 | Miquel Y Costas & Miquel Sa | CIGARETTE FILTER PAPER AND FILTER THAT INCLUDES IT |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR1270093A (en) | 1960-07-13 | 1961-08-25 | Filter, especially for cigarettes | |
TW256845B (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-09-11 | Taisyal Kagaku Kogyo Kk | |
JPH08256751A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-10-08 | Kikuzo Mizuno | Biodegradable cigarette filter |
US5878754A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1999-03-09 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking article wrapper for controlling ignition proclivity of a smoking article |
DE19753195A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-05-27 | Reemtsma H F & Ph | Biologically decomposable filter for cigarettes |
DE10060234C2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2003-06-12 | Reemtsma H F & Ph | Smoking product with hollow mouthpiece tobacco filter |
US20020179105A1 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-12-05 | Zawadzki Michael A. | Reduced ignition propensity smoking article |
US20020179106A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-12-05 | Zawadzki Michael A. | Reduced ignition propensity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper |
GB0209690D0 (en) * | 2002-04-27 | 2002-06-05 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to smoking articles and smokable filler materials therefor |
US6863074B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-03-08 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Cigarette filters comprising unfunctionalized porous polyaromatic resins for removing gas phase constituents from mainstream tobacco smoke |
DK1958523T3 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2012-07-02 | Philip Morris Prod | Multicomponent filter providing multi-flavor gain |
EP2025251A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-18 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Multi-component filter for a smoking article |
GB0816933D0 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2008-10-22 | British American Tobacco Co | Filter for a smoking article |
EP2324722A1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-25 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Novel filter segment comprising a substrate loaded with a smoke-modifying agent |
WO2011123320A2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | Greenbutts Llc | Biodegradable cigarette filter and methods for making same |
CN102342583B (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2013-04-24 | 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 | Filter stick containing tobacco particles and preparation method thereof |
CN102669819A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 张荔 | Cigarette filter tip |
-
2012
- 2012-09-28 EP EP12006814.3A patent/EP2712510B1/en active Active
- 2012-09-28 PL PL12006814T patent/PL2712510T3/en unknown
- 2012-09-28 ES ES12006814.3T patent/ES2569038T3/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-08-27 EP EP13756319.3A patent/EP2900095A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-08-27 JP JP2015533467A patent/JP6215331B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-27 NZ NZ706469A patent/NZ706469A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-27 KR KR1020157008863A patent/KR102085772B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-27 CN CN201380050936.9A patent/CN104717896B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-27 AU AU2013324682A patent/AU2013324682B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-27 CA CA2880633A patent/CA2880633C/en active Active
- 2013-08-27 RU RU2015115971A patent/RU2633952C2/en active
- 2013-08-27 UA UAA201504132A patent/UA117113C2/en unknown
- 2013-08-27 WO PCT/EP2013/002584 patent/WO2014048533A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-27 MA MA38006A patent/MA38006B1/en unknown
- 2013-09-03 TW TW102131656A patent/TWI600381B/en active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4176736A1 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-10 | Essentra Filter Products Development Co. Pte. Ltd. | Active paper |
WO2023079165A1 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-11 | Essentra Filter Products Development Co. Pte. Ltd | Active paper |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MA38006A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
TWI600381B (en) | 2017-10-01 |
NZ706469A (en) | 2016-02-26 |
EP2712510A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
JP6215331B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
MA38006B1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CN104717896A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
AU2013324682A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
CA2880633A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
RU2633952C2 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
ES2569038T3 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
KR102085772B1 (en) | 2020-03-06 |
JP2015530101A (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CA2880633C (en) | 2020-02-04 |
PL2712510T3 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
CN104717896B (en) | 2018-11-30 |
EP2900095A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
TW201420024A (en) | 2014-06-01 |
AU2013324682B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
WO2014048533A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
RU2015115971A (en) | 2016-11-20 |
UA117113C2 (en) | 2018-06-25 |
KR20150060753A (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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