EP2704821A1 - Reacteur solide / gaz caloporteur comprenant des diffuseurs de gaz a risques d'obturation reduits - Google Patents
Reacteur solide / gaz caloporteur comprenant des diffuseurs de gaz a risques d'obturation reduitsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2704821A1 EP2704821A1 EP12717301.1A EP12717301A EP2704821A1 EP 2704821 A1 EP2704821 A1 EP 2704821A1 EP 12717301 A EP12717301 A EP 12717301A EP 2704821 A1 EP2704821 A1 EP 2704821A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- reactor
- solid
- diffusers
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011124 aluminium ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- YJPVTCSBVRMESK-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Sr+2] YJPVTCSBVRMESK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940074155 strontium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001625 strontium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0292—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds with stationary packing material in the bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
- B01J2208/00707—Fouling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
- B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
- B01J2208/0084—Stationary elements inside the bed, e.g. baffles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00893—Feeding means for the reactants
- B01J2208/00911—Sparger-type feeding elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/2453—Plates arranged in parallel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/2456—Geometry of the plates
- B01J2219/2458—Flat plates, i.e. plates which are not corrugated or otherwise structured, e.g. plates with cylindrical shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2469—Feeding means
- B01J2219/247—Feeding means for the reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2476—Construction materials
- B01J2219/2477—Construction materials of the catalysts
- B01J2219/2481—Catalysts in granular from between plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2491—Other constructional details
- B01J2219/2492—Assembling means
- B01J2219/2496—Means for assembling modules together, e.g. casings, holders, fluidic connectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/10—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material
- F28C3/12—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of solid / heat transfer gas reactors, in which there is provided a chemical or physical reaction between a solid and a gas, such as a thermochemical reaction or a physical adsorption / desorption reaction.
- a chemical or physical reaction between a solid and a gas, such as a thermochemical reaction or a physical adsorption / desorption reaction.
- the gas from an external circuit serves as coolant, the heat exchange then operating by convection during the endothermic / exothermic reaction.
- Such a reactor is generally charged with a solid reagent, taking the form of a pure granular or composite bed, resting on a horizontal grid.
- a reactor and heat transfer gas stream is applied to pass through the bed of reactive solid, with a downward vertical direction. The gas then diffuses downwards within the granular bed, thanks to the porosity of the grains.
- reactors of the prior art stacked modules have a design that remains perfectible.
- the subject of the invention is a solid reactor / heat transfer gas according to claim 1.
- the invention is first of all remarkable in that it provides a design dedicated to an ascending irrigation of the reactive solid by the heat transfer gas. This first aspect leads to a significant decrease in the risk of clogging of these diffusers.
- the favorable direction of the gas flow indeed decreases the migration of the reactive solid towards the diffusers.
- the design of the reactor module according to the invention improves its operation, and strongly decreases or even completely eliminates the maintenance requirements of the diffusers.
- each diffuser takes the form of a cylindrical stud of which at least a portion of the lateral surface, and preferably the entirety thereof, constitutes said gas diffusion portion.
- the diffusion of the coolant gas is then carried out in all planes parallel to the axis of the stud. It may be a cylindrical stud of square section, rectangular, circular, triangular, etc.
- each module comprises a double wall between which the gas is intended to circulate before entering through said diffusers, the latter projecting upwards from the upper wall of said double wall.
- the space defined between the two walls of the double wall makes it possible to feed homogeneously all the diffusers communicating with this space.
- This double wall preferably oriented horizontally, that is to say orthogonally to the vertical diffusers, preferably forms a double bottom of the module.
- the double wall could be placed at the top of the module, and thus constitute the bottom of a housing cavity defined by another module placed above it.
- each module comprises a lateral channel for distributing the gas, as well as a lateral channel for collecting the gas.
- the integration of these channels advantageously provides a very compact design.
- said diffusers are provided with a density of 75 to 150 diffusers / m 2 .
- This high density allows the gas leaving the diffusers to cross the solid reagent very homogeneously, which promotes heat and mass exchanges between the solid and gaseous reactants.
- the counterproductive phenomenon of spontaneous creation of preferential channels within the solid reagent is strongly limited by this homogeneous distribution of the gas through the diffusers, preferentially distributed in the horizontal section.
- the module is made from three sheets folded and fixed together, and using the diffusers. This provides a great ease of manufacture of the module.
- the solid reactor / heat transfer gas comprising a plurality of modules stacked in the vertical direction.
- any two modules and directly consecutive stacking define a housing cavity provided to receive a solid reagent intended to be carried at least partially by said diffusers arranged in this cavity.
- the proposed design achieves a very high reactive solid density within the reactor.
- the housing cavity defined by this module is open upwards, and thus easily allows the volume changes of the solid reagent placed in this compartment. cavity.
- the module design is therefore quite suitable for supporting both reciprocal chemical / physical reactions.
- said lateral gas distribution channels of the stacked modules together form a vertical distributor supplying gas to each of the spaces defined between the two walls of the double walls, and said lateral gas collection channels of the stacked modules together form a collecting vertical collector. the gas from each of said housing cavities.
- the reactor then has a particularly compact appearance.
- the reactor comprises means for feeding the gas into the reactor, as well as means for evacuating the gas outside the reactor. Due to the coolant function filled by the gas, it is brought and extracted by an external circuit, and therefore does not circulate in a closed circuit within the reactor.
- the invention also relates to a solid reaction method / heat transfer gas implemented using a reactor as mentioned above.
- solid reactants are placed in each of said housing cavities, and the coolant reactor gas is introduced into the distributor using said gas supply means.
- said gas enters the reactor manifold before being removed from the latter by said gas evacuation means.
- the solid reactants are pure, unstructured granular reagents.
- pure granular reagent is meant a reagent having no structuring agent or catalyst.
- the use of these pure reagents is allowed because of the architecture of the cavity of the module, thereby increasing the energy density of the complete reactor.
- the reagent solid layer with a first layer of reactive solid of a first nature in contact with the surface of the double bottom, and a second layer arranged on the first layer, of a second solid.
- reagent different from the first may consist of pure reagents, and the second layer of structured composite reagents.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a solid reactor / heat transfer gas module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 4a and 4b are examples of diffusers equipping the module shown in the preceding figures.
- Figure 5 is an exploded view showing the various folded sheets constituting the module
- FIG. 6 represents an exploded perspective view of a reactor comprising a plurality of modules such as that shown in the preceding figures;
- Figure 7 is another perspective view of a half of the reactor, cut along a median vertical plane
- Figure 8 is a sectional view of the reactor of the previous figure taken along the plane VIII.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown a module for a solid reactor / heat transfer gas, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- This module of parallelepipedal overall shape, comprises firstly a double wall 2 forming a double bottom of the module.
- the two walls 2a, 2b are parallel, spaced apart from each other so as to define therebetween a free space 4.
- the walls 2a, 2b intended to be arranged horizontally when the module is within a reactor, are surrounded by a frame 6 along the outline of the double bottom 2. It thus has a square or rectangular shape, and extends vertically from the double bottom 2. More specifically, three of the four walls of the frame 6 s' extend from the bottom wall 2b by marrying the upper wall 2a, while the fourth wall extends only from the upper wall 2a.
- the space 4 defined by the double bottom 2 is closed at three lateral faces, only the fourth lateral face remaining open so as to define an inlet 8 through which gas can penetrate within the space 4.
- the second wall opposite the fourth wall mentioned above and extending from the upper wall 2a has a lower height than the other three walls of the frame 6. As will be detailed below, this allows to define an outlet 11 through which gas can escape from the housing cavity 10, defined by the frame 6 and the double bottom 2.
- the module 1 further comprises a lateral gas distribution channel 12, defined in part by said fourth wall of the frame 6. This channel 12, of generally rectangular shape, has a length substantially identical to that of the fourth wall.
- the module comprises a lateral gas collection channel 14, defined in part by said second wall of the frame 6. This channel 14, also of generally rectangular shape, has a length substantially identical to that of the second wall.
- the reactor module also comprises a plurality of diffusers 20 arranged in the housing cavity 10, and protruding vertically from the upper wall 2a of the double bottom.
- these diffusers 20 may be fixed in orifices 22 made through the upper wall 2a, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- a seal may be provided between the orifices and the diffusers they receive.
- a weld or a solder may also be envisaged, simultaneously ensuring the assembly of the diffusers 20. Nevertheless, when the seal solution is retained, the fixing of the diffusers is achieved only by their tight fit in their respective orifices 22 .
- the diffusers 20 each take the form of a cylindrical stud of circular section, of which the vertically oriented cylindrical side wall constitutes a gas diffusion portion 24, and whose upper end is closed by a horizontal portion 26 of solid reactor support.
- This portion 26, in the form of horizontal disk, is in fact provided to support the solid reagent intended to be housed in the cavity 10, as will be detailed below.
- FIG. 4a shows a first example of a diffuser 20 whose vertically oriented cylindrical lateral wall, constituting the gas diffusion portion 24, takes the form of a self-supporting grid.
- this portion 24 is a filtering wire cloth with a metallic support structure. It offers an excellent compromise between the fineness of filtration and the pressure drops.
- diffusers are open at their low end to communicate with the space 4 defined by the double bottom 2.
- These diffusers 20 are distributed uniformly, for example in rows and columns, with a density of the order of 75 to 150 points / m 2 .
- the filtration pitch of these diffusers is for example of the order of 50 to 100 ⁇ , while their diameter is preferably between 5 and 40 mm.
- they may have a substantially identical height. This height can be between 5 and 45 mm, with a solid reagent height of the order of 50 mm.
- the height of the space 4 of the double bottom 2 is of the order of 5 to 30 mm. This dimension therefore also corresponds to the height of the inlet 8, and also preferentially to the height of the outlet 11.
- the two walls 2a, 2b have a thickness of the order of 0.3 to 3 mm, and are made of stainless steel, for example 316L stainless steel, or are made of thermoformed polymer.
- the walls defining the frame 6 and the outer contour of the channels 12, 14 may also be made of these materials, possibly being equipped with stiffeners, such as ribs, to improve the mechanical strength of the module.
- the length of the module 1, in the direction including the channels 12, 14, may be about 1200 mm, for a width of 800 mm and a height of 60 to 120 mm to receive a reactive solid of 50 mm in height.
- the width of the channels 12, 14 is in turn of the order of 40 mm, and their length substantially identical to the width of the module, as has been mentioned above.
- a solid reactor 100 / heat transfer gas formed using a plurality of modules 1 stacked one above the other, in the vertical direction. This is for example four stacked modules 1, covered by a closure member 102 for the arrival and the output of the reactor / heat transfer gas.
- each cavity 10 receives a solid reagent 104, for example parallelepiped , of complementary shape to that of its cavity.
- This reagent 104 in the form of a pure granular bed, rests on the upper ends 26 of the diffusers 20, and matches each of the four walls of the frame 6 delimiting the cavity 10.
- the reagent can also be penetrated by the diffusers 20, until possibly also be carried partly by the upper surface 2a of the double bottom 2.
- the distributor 112 therefore travels vertically, in a sealed manner, over substantially the entire length of the reactor, by communicating with the gas inlet 8 giving access to the spaces 4 provided in the double bottoms 2.
- the gas collection channels 14 of the stacked modules together form a vertical gas manifold 114, extended upwards by an outlet orifice 120 provided on the head piece 102, the same orifice 120 being connected to means 122 discharge of the gas out of the reactor 100, belonging to the external circuit.
- the collector 114 thus travels vertically, in a sealed manner, over substantially the entire length of the reactor, by communicating with the gas outlets 11.
- the reactive solids 104 are thus arranged in the cavities 10, with a height adapted to not close off the gas outlets 11.
- These solids in the form of pure granular beds, can be made in the following materials: Strontium bromide SrBr 2 , sodium metasilicate Na 2 SiC> 3, ammonium Alum NH 4 Al (SO 4 ) 2, potassium Alum KA 1 (SO 4) 2, or any other reactive solid deemed to be favorable for solid thermochemical / heat transfer gas reactions.
- the typical value of the density of this reactive solid is of the order of 70 kg / m 2 .
- the reactor can be equipped with different solids depending on the stages, or within the same floor.
- the gas supply means 118 allow the introduction of the reactor / heat transfer gas into the reactor, via the inlet orifice 116 which then leads this gas to the distributor 112. This It then feeds each of the spaces 4 of the double bottoms 2 via the gas inlets 8.
- the gas then penetrates through the diffusers 20 and then passes through the solids 104 thanks to the porosity of the agglomerated grains. It is during this passage through the solids that the chemical / physical reactions occur, allowing the gas, for example moist air at atmospheric pressure, to be reheated or cooled.
- the heat transfer gas leaving the solids 104 then joins the manifold 114 via the outlets 11, and then is discharged by the means 122 through the outlet orifice 120.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1153781A FR2974739B1 (fr) | 2011-05-03 | 2011-05-03 | Module de reacteur solide / gaz caloporteur comprenant des diffuseurs de gaz a risques d'obturation reduits |
| PCT/EP2012/057732 WO2012150185A1 (fr) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-27 | Reacteur solide / gaz caloporteur comprenant des diffuseurs de gaz a risques d'obturation reduits |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2704821A1 true EP2704821A1 (fr) | 2014-03-12 |
Family
ID=46017872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12717301.1A Withdrawn EP2704821A1 (fr) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-27 | Reacteur solide / gaz caloporteur comprenant des diffuseurs de gaz a risques d'obturation reduits |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9433910B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2704821A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2974739B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012150185A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2995062B1 (fr) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-10-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procedes de stockage et de liberation d'energie thermique, reacteur associe et application au stockage intersaisonnier de chaleur solaire |
| CN106606997B (zh) * | 2015-10-23 | 2020-03-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 上流式分配器和上流式反应器 |
| KR101953348B1 (ko) | 2016-02-16 | 2019-02-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에어로겔 시트의 제조장치 |
| WO2018161172A1 (fr) | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | Hydrostor Inc. | Appareil de stockage thermique pour système de stockage d'énergie à gaz comprimé |
| US12297056B2 (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2025-05-13 | Hydrostor Inc. | Construction elements and maintenance methods for compressed air energy storage systems |
| CA3099437A1 (fr) | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | Hydrostor Inc. | Systeme de stockage d'energie par gaz comprime avec compensation hydrostatique |
| EP3911588B1 (fr) | 2019-01-15 | 2025-03-05 | Hydrostor Inc. | Système de stockage d'énergie de gaz comprimé |
| WO2020160635A1 (fr) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-13 | Hydrostor Inc. | Système de stockage d'énergie de gaz comprimé |
| US12584589B2 (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2026-03-24 | Hydrostor Inc. | Inhibiting the champagne effect in hydrostatically compensated CAES systems |
| US20230044534A1 (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Retort for improved thermal processing of sinterable objects |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2204447A (en) * | 1938-07-16 | 1940-06-11 | Houdry Process Corp | Heat exchange apparatus |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB346967A (en) * | 1929-12-05 | 1931-04-23 | Cie Int Fab Essences & Petrole | Apparatus for the treatment of gases or mixtures of gases and vapours in the presence of catalytic or purifying agents and for the reactivation of such agents |
| US2276340A (en) * | 1939-01-25 | 1942-03-17 | Houdry Process Corp | Catalytic reactor |
| US2961304A (en) * | 1959-03-09 | 1960-11-22 | Shell Oil Co | Apparatus and method for contacting fluids and solids |
| US3592613A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1971-07-13 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Apparatus for fluid distribution in a fluid-solids contacting chamber |
| GB1511004A (en) * | 1975-04-29 | 1978-05-17 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Method and apparatus for removing impurities from a fluid stream |
| JPS5932178B2 (ja) * | 1981-11-06 | 1984-08-07 | 永岡金網株式会社 | 多孔管内包式スクリ−ン筒 |
| DE3829215A1 (de) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-03-08 | Uhde Gmbh | Reaktor zur durchfuehrung katalytischer gasreaktionen mit einem druckfesten mantel und je einem kugelboden am stirnseitigen aussenrand |
| DE29912559U1 (de) * | 1999-07-17 | 1999-09-16 | Metallgesellschaft AG, 60325 Frankfurt | Vorrichtung zum Feinreinigen fermentativ erzeugter organischer Säuren |
| DE10044526A1 (de) | 2000-09-04 | 2002-04-04 | Mannesmann Ag | Mikrostrukturreaktor und Verfahren zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen |
| EP1345685A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2003-09-24 | Uop Llc | Agencement simplifie de reacteur de canaux a plateaux |
| JP2003287386A (ja) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-10 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 触媒付き熱交換器 |
| JP4454949B2 (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2010-04-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱電変換装置 |
| KR101652127B1 (ko) | 2007-11-12 | 2016-08-30 | 호르스트 그로초비스키 | 평행 구동 벌크 베드를 구비한 유체 처리 시스템 및 이의 작동방법 |
| FR2934037B1 (fr) | 2008-07-16 | 2014-09-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Aide au chargement d'une chaudiere a combustible solide couplee a un systeme d'accumulation |
-
2011
- 2011-05-03 FR FR1153781A patent/FR2974739B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-04-27 WO PCT/EP2012/057732 patent/WO2012150185A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-27 US US14/113,958 patent/US9433910B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-27 EP EP12717301.1A patent/EP2704821A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2204447A (en) * | 1938-07-16 | 1940-06-11 | Houdry Process Corp | Heat exchange apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2974739B1 (fr) | 2016-03-11 |
| WO2012150185A1 (fr) | 2012-11-08 |
| US9433910B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| US20140050658A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| FR2974739A1 (fr) | 2012-11-09 |
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