EP2703610A1 - Verfahren und System zum Energiespeichern und Kurzzeitstromerzeugung - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zum Energiespeichern und Kurzzeitstromerzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2703610A1
EP2703610A1 EP12182561.6A EP12182561A EP2703610A1 EP 2703610 A1 EP2703610 A1 EP 2703610A1 EP 12182561 A EP12182561 A EP 12182561A EP 2703610 A1 EP2703610 A1 EP 2703610A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
underground reservoir
temperature
short
power generation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12182561.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2703610B1 (de
Inventor
Risto Sormunen
Markku Raiko
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Fortum Oyj
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Fortum Oyj
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Priority to EP12182561.6A priority Critical patent/EP2703610B1/de
Priority to PL12182561T priority patent/PL2703610T3/pl
Priority to PCT/EP2013/067884 priority patent/WO2014033206A1/en
Priority to CN201380045356.0A priority patent/CN104603403B/zh
Publication of EP2703610A1 publication Critical patent/EP2703610A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for energy storing and short-term power generation.
  • Quick short-term high capacity power generation is usually needed for back-up or peak load power supply.
  • the eager target of the European Renewable Directive is that by 2020 20% of energy is produced from renewable sources. This means renewable power capacity of about 220 GW. About 80% of this capacity is estimated to be coming from variable and less predictable sources, such as onshore and offshore wind power or solar systems. In longer term this trend is expected to continue. This means that the total energy generation will be highly variable, leading to increased price volatility of electricity.
  • the system will be strongly dependent on weather conditions, particularly in the Central and Northern Europe, where cloudy and windless weather conditions often dominate during winter. Without proper energy storages this will lead to a situation where the European electricity system needs substantially more than 100 GW quick short-term and longer-term back-up power available all the time. Old coal-fired power plants can be taken into service after certain period of time, in practice within several hours.
  • the transportation network has to collect liquid CO 2 from various sources to an intermediate storage before shipping.
  • the intermediate storage must be of quite a large volume, whereby in most cases steel tanks and other on-the-ground solutions tend to become highly expensive.
  • One of the best alternatives is then to base the storage in the bedrock at a depth where hydrostatic pressure will minimize the energy needed for keeping the storage conditions at a suitable pressure and temperature.
  • US 2012/0001429 A1 discloses a carbon dioxide-based geothermal energy generation system comprising a reservoir located below a caprock, one or more injection wells for feeding cold CO 2 into the reservoir, and one or more production wells for discharging heated CO 2 from the reservoir.
  • An energy converting apparatus is connected to each injection well and to each production well so that thermal energy contained in the heated CO 2 can be converted to electricity, heat, or combinations thereof.
  • Compressed CO 2 at a pressure of 30 - 70 bar and a temperature below 30°C is injected to the underground reservoir, and heated CO 2 with a temperature greater than 30°C is drawn off the reservoir.
  • the system is quite complicated and high pressure is needed in the underground reservoir. The system cannot be considered feasible for peak load operation because of its high nominal investment cost. Also the operational risks are high because of high medium pressure and uncontrolled evaporation of CO 2 in the underground reservoir.
  • EP 277777 A2 discloses a system for storing electrical energy in the form of triple-point CO 2 and then using such stored energy plus heat to generate electrical power.
  • a reservoir for liquid CO 2 at about the triple point is created in an insulated vessel. Liquid CO 2 is withdrawn and pumped to a high pressure, which high pressure CO 2 is then heated and expanded to create rotary power which generates electrical power.
  • the discharge stream from the expander is cooled and returned to the vessel where CO 2 vapor is condensed by melting solid CO 2 .
  • a fuel-fired gas turbine connected to an electrical power generator is used to heat the high pressure CO 2 .
  • the size of an overground CO 2 reservoir is limited. The investment cost is high. Certain operational risks prevail when acting with a triple point medium.
  • US 4995234 discloses a method for generating power from liquefied natural gas (LNG) and storing energy.
  • Cold LNG is pressurized, vaporized by removing heat from CO 2 at about triple point temperature, further heated, and finally expanded to create rotary power.
  • a reservoir of CO 2 at about its triple point is created in an insulated vessel to store energy in the form of refrigeration recovered from the evaporated LNG.
  • liquid CO 2 is withdrawn from the reservoir, pumped to a high pressure, vaporized, further heated, and expanded to create rotary power which generates additional electrical power.
  • CO 2 vapor is withdrawn from the reservoir and condensed to liquid by vaporizing LNG.
  • the size of an overground CO 2 reservoir is limited.
  • a fuel-fired gas turbine is needed in the system. The investment cost is high. Certain operational risks prevail when acting with a triple point medium.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the problems of the prior art and to provide an improved method and system for energy storing and short-term power generation.
  • Another object is to improve the feasibility of carbon capture and storage (CCS) solutions.
  • CCS carbon capture and storage
  • a further object is to create a system that enables the use of low value heat sources and reduces the use of fossil fuels.
  • the invention employs an intermediate storage of a CCS system as storage for working fluid used in short-term power generation system that uses CO 2 based Rankine cycle and heat pump in turns.
  • the invention provides a method for energy storing and short-term power generation, comprising the steps of:
  • the first temperature i.e., the temperature of fresh CO 2 supplied to the underground reservoir
  • the second temperature i.e. the temperature of CO 2 returning from the Rankine cycle, can be -15°C ... -25°C, preferably about -20°C.
  • the underground reservoir is located in the bedrock at a depth of 200 - 300 m.
  • the volume of the underground reservoir is preferably over 50 000 m 3 , for instance in the range of 50 000 - 150 000 m 3 .
  • underground reservoir refers to geological formations beneath the surface of the earth, irrespective of whether they are underground or undersea.
  • the pressurized liquid CO 2 can be evaporated with the help of sea water, atmospheric air, industrial waste heat, etc.
  • the invention also provides a system for energy storing and short-term power generation, comprising:
  • the system can also comprise means for releasing expanded CO 2 to the atmosphere when extreme short-term power generation is needed.
  • the invention improves the overall economy of Carbon Capture and Storage solutions.
  • CCS is just an expense for power generation systems, which delays the implementation of CCS throughout Europe.
  • the capacity of the new system is estimated to be about 200 MW during 4 hours. If instead of sea water excess heat from a CHP system can be used for the evaporation, the capacity of the system is estimated to be up to 300 MW during 4 hours.
  • the total storage efficiency is in both cases 70 - 80%, or even more.
  • the additional cost of the proposed CO 2 based Rankine cycle and heat pump system comprises the cost of additional components, such as an evaporator, an expander turbine and a condenser. These costs are minor compared to the costs of many other back-up power devices, such as gas turbines or diesel generators. Furthermore, the relative size of the components of the new system is definitely smaller than the size of components in hydroelectric systems, or even gas turbines.
  • the use of carbon dioxide as the working fluid in a Rankine cycle enables the use of low temperature solutions, which leads into smaller component sizes.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a short-term power generation system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system according to the invention.
  • a short-term high capacity power generation cycle employing Rankine cycle comprises an underground reservoir 10 for storage of liquid CO 2 , a pump 11 for pressurizing liquid CO 2 withdrawn from the underground reservoir 10, an evaporator 12 for evaporating the pressurized CO 2 , an expander turbine 13 for expanding the evaporated CO 2 , a generator 14 for converting rotary power to electricity, and a condenser 15 for condensing the expanded CO 2 before it is returned back to the underground reservoir 10.
  • Intermediate storage of liquid CO 2 in a CCS system is usually carried out in geological formations, which are located in a bedrock underground or undersea. Such an underground reservoir is arranged to continuously or repeatedly receive liquefied CO 2 from CO 2 capture sites. At the same time, liquid CO 2 is continuously or repeatedly discharged from the intermediate storage to a final storage, which may be offshore or onshore.
  • the intermediate storage is intended for short-term storing only and the content of the storage is changing continually.
  • the underground reservoir 10 is located in the bedrock 25 at a depth of 200 - 300 m, and the volume of the underground reservoir 10 is preferably in the range of 50 000 - 150 000 m 3 .
  • Liquefied CO 2 is continually supplied from one or more industrial sources to the underground reservoir 10 via an inlet pipe 16.
  • the temperature of CO 2 supplied via the inlet pipe 16 is about -50°C.
  • Liquid CO 2 is maintained in the intermediate storage 10 under a pressure of about 8 - 10 bar. Liquid CO 2 is continually discharged from the intermediate storage 10 via an outlet pipe 17 to be transported to a final storage (not shown).
  • the evaporator 12 is connected to the underground reservoir 10 via a pipeline 18 and a pump 11 arranged in the pipeline 18.
  • liquid CO 2 is withdrawn from the intermediate storage 10 and compressed with the pump 11 to a pressure of about 40 - 50 bar.
  • Pressurized CO 2 is passed to the evaporator 12, which vaporizes the pressurized CO 2 with the help of heat from a suitable low value heat source.
  • This heat source may comprise, for instance, sea water at a temperature of 5°C - 15°C, waste heat from a district heating system at a temperature of up to 90°C, or atmospheric air.
  • Other possible low value heat sources comprise e.g. water from a river or a lake, geothermal heat, ambient air, and waste heat of an industrial plant or power generation.
  • the pressurized CO 2 is typically evaporated at a temperature between +5°C and +20°C. From the evaporator 12 the vaporized CO 2 is fed to the expander turbine 13, where the vaporized CO 2 expands to a pressure of about 8 - 10 bar, thereby creating rotary power which is transferred to the generator 14 that converts mechanical energy to electrical power.
  • the expanded CO 2 is transferred via a pipeline 19 to the condenser 15, where the expanded CO 2 is condensed with the help of liquid CO 2 pumped from the underground reservoir 10 via a pipeline 20. Condensed CO 2 is then returned back to the underground reservoir 10 via a pipeline 21.
  • Liquid CO 2 fed to the underground reservoir 10 via the pipeline 21 has a higher temperature than the liquid CO 2 leaving the underground reservoir 10 via the pipeline 18.
  • the temperature of the intermediate storage 10 can gradually rise from about -50°C to about -20°C during a short-term power generation period.
  • the underground reservoir 10 may be "recharged” by chilling the liquid CO 2 back to a temperature of about -50°C. This can be done by circulating liquid CO 2 through a pipeline 24 and a heat pump 23 to cool the liquid CO 2 until the temperature in the underground reservoir 10 has reached the desired level.
  • the system also comprises an option to exceptionally release a part of the expanded CO 2 to the atmosphere via a pipeline 22 to increase the power generation capacity of the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP12182561.6A 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Verfahren und System zum Energiespeichern und Kurzzeitstromerzeugung Not-in-force EP2703610B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12182561.6A EP2703610B1 (de) 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Verfahren und System zum Energiespeichern und Kurzzeitstromerzeugung
PL12182561T PL2703610T3 (pl) 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Sposób i układ do magazynowania energii i krótkoterminowego wytwarzania energii
PCT/EP2013/067884 WO2014033206A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2013-08-29 Method and system for energy storing and short-term power generation
CN201380045356.0A CN104603403B (zh) 2012-08-31 2013-08-29 用于能量存储和短期发电的方法和系统

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12182561.6A EP2703610B1 (de) 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Verfahren und System zum Energiespeichern und Kurzzeitstromerzeugung

Publications (2)

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EP2703610A1 true EP2703610A1 (de) 2014-03-05
EP2703610B1 EP2703610B1 (de) 2015-06-17

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EP (1) EP2703610B1 (de)
CN (1) CN104603403B (de)
PL (1) PL2703610T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2014033206A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104454054A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-25 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种以二氧化碳为工质的定压型储能系统
WO2016144197A1 (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 Gwóźdź Janusz Energy converting device
CN106968737A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-07-21 天津商业大学 一种低温余热综合回收利用实验系统
NL1043180B1 (nl) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-17 Fizzy Transition Ventures B V Werkwijze voor het opslaan en terugwinnen van offshore gewonnen hernieuwbare energie.
WO2021139846A1 (de) 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Zhenhua Xi Verfahren zur co2-verflüssigung und -speicherung in einem co2-kraftwerk
WO2022010344A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 Fizzy Transition Ventures B.V. Method and system for storing and recovering offshore renewable energy.
CN114320504A (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-04-12 西安交通大学 一种液态跨临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10465565B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2019-11-05 General Electric Company Method and system for carbon dioxide energy storage in a power generation system
WO2019075206A1 (en) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-18 Jianguo Xu CO2 REMOVAL OR CAPTURE OF GASEOUS MIXTURES RICH IN CO2.
DK180360B1 (en) 2019-08-14 2021-02-04 Blue World Technologies Holding ApS Method of producing separator plates by compaction and a production facility
CN110777091A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-02-11 天津大学 一种开发以碳酸氢根为纽带的高效beccs系统的方法

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277777A2 (de) 1987-02-04 1988-08-10 CBI Research Corporation Kraftanlage mit C02 als Arbeitsfluidum
US4995234A (en) 1989-10-02 1991-02-26 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Power generation from LNG
US20120001429A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2012-01-05 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Carbon dioxide-based geothermal energy generation systems and methods related thereto

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002339760A (ja) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-27 Hitachi Ltd ガスタービン発電方法および装置
CN102606241A (zh) * 2012-04-10 2012-07-25 中国科学院微电子研究所 一种基于超临界二氧化碳的发电系统

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277777A2 (de) 1987-02-04 1988-08-10 CBI Research Corporation Kraftanlage mit C02 als Arbeitsfluidum
US4995234A (en) 1989-10-02 1991-02-26 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Power generation from LNG
US20120001429A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2012-01-05 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Carbon dioxide-based geothermal energy generation systems and methods related thereto

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104454054A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-25 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种以二氧化碳为工质的定压型储能系统
CN104454054B (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-12-16 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种以二氧化碳为工质的定压型储能系统
WO2016144197A1 (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 Gwóźdź Janusz Energy converting device
CN106968737A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-07-21 天津商业大学 一种低温余热综合回收利用实验系统
NL1043180B1 (nl) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-17 Fizzy Transition Ventures B V Werkwijze voor het opslaan en terugwinnen van offshore gewonnen hernieuwbare energie.
WO2021139846A1 (de) 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Zhenhua Xi Verfahren zur co2-verflüssigung und -speicherung in einem co2-kraftwerk
DE102020000131A1 (de) * 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Zhenhua Xi Verfahren zur CO2-Verflüssigung und -Speicherung in einem CO2-Kraftwerk
DE102020000131B4 (de) 2020-01-10 2021-12-30 Zhenhua Xi Verfahren zur CO2-Verflüssigung und -Speicherung in einem CO2-Kraftwerk
WO2022010344A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 Fizzy Transition Ventures B.V. Method and system for storing and recovering offshore renewable energy.
CN114320504A (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-04-12 西安交通大学 一种液态跨临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法
CN114320504B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-09-13 西安交通大学 一种液态跨临界二氧化碳储能系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014033206A1 (en) 2014-03-06
EP2703610B1 (de) 2015-06-17
CN104603403B (zh) 2017-05-10
CN104603403A (zh) 2015-05-06
PL2703610T3 (pl) 2016-01-29

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