EP2703332A1 - Crane hoist - Google Patents

Abstract

The crane hoisting gear (10) has cable drive (12) having ropes which are hung from rope drum (18) to lifting attachment and are displaced against each other along the drum axles portions of common rope drum or rope drums which are drive-connected by common drum axle. The ropes are bent around a drift angle opposite the vertical center plane between drum portions. The pitch angles of windings (24) correspond to drift angles.

Description

The present invention relates to a crane hoist, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Crane hoists of this kind are used in industry for the load-controlled transport of goods. They comprise one or more cable drives whose cable strands are wound on a common cable drum or on several drive-connected drums. Usually, the ropes run over pulleys down to suspension points on the load-carrying means, ie to a crane hook or a lifting magnet. The ropes are so taut that a lateral deflection of the load is possible only by using greater lateral forces. The thus stabilized load therefore does not oscillate even with lateral movements of the cable drive.

In order to keep the wear of the cable strands as low as possible, the cable strand guide should include as few bending changes. It is therefore desirable to keep the number of pulleys used as low as possible. In some constructions, therefore, at least one of the cable strands is guided directly from the cable drum down to the load receiving means. For example, shows the European patent EP 0 941 959 B1 a rope drive with three rope strands, which are wound on a common cable drum and whose drainage points form a substantially equilateral triangle. While the outer cable strands are guided over deflection rollers, the middle rope strand runs directly from the cable drum down to the load handling device.

Here, the fact is exploited that the middle rope strand lies in the plane of symmetry of the pyramid, which is spanned by the three cable strands. As a result, the lateral slip angle, which this cable strand encloses with a plane perpendicular to the cable drum axis, is approximately equal to zero. A winding and unwinding of the middle rope strand is therefore easily possible in this case. On the other hand, the two outer cable strands must be guided over articulated deflection rollers in order to keep the skew angle of the cable drum as small as possible. Without this measure, the Slip angle increase with increasing lifting height so far that proper functioning of the crane lifting gear would no longer be guaranteed.

Therefore, it has not been possible to run the relatively far outside cable strands of the rope drive, which have a significant slip angle, run directly from the cable drum. A simplification of such load-balanced crane hoists in terms of minimizing the number of cable guide means were previously set limits.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new way of simplifying the initially described load-calmed crane hoists, which manages with a smaller number of pulleys and reduces in this way the wear of the cable strands.

This object is achieved by a Kranhubwerk with the features of the claim.

According to the present invention, at least one cable strand running downwards from the cable drum and inclined by a skew angle is helically wound on the cable drum such that the pitch angle of the winding corresponds to its skew angle. This type of winding ensures that the slip angle remains constant over the entire lifting height of the load and does not increase even with a large lifting height. Due to the relatively large pitch or pitch of the windings, the cable is wound with increasing lifting height comparatively far towards the load, i. the windings migrate toward the load, while in the heretofore known winding geometry, the drainage point on the drum remains substantially unchanged, apart from minor emigration movements.

With a rope drum diameter D, a constant pitch P and a pitch angle α, the relationship known from the thread gage applies $$\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{tan\; \alpha }*\mathrm{d}*\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{,}$$

The pitch angle α in this relation (1) according to the invention is equal to the slip angle.

Therefore, it can be easily dispensed with a pulley for such guided strand of rope, even if it is a far outside of the rope drive arranged strand of rope, which is not handled directly above the load, but is strongly offset from this in the axial direction of the drum.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the winding of this cable strand is guided in a corresponding helical guide on the jacket of the cable drum. The cable strand is thus not freely wound on the drum shell, but runs in a guide in the manner of a screw thread, so for example in a guide groove, which defines a defined winding path and prevents lateral slippage of the windings. There may additionally be additional means for holding the cable strand in the guide, such as pressure rollers resting against the cable drum or the like.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cable drive comprises at least two such cable strands, which run directly from the cable drum to the load receiving means and wound along the drum axis staggered portions of a common cable drum or two cable drums, which are drivingly arranged on a common drum axis. These two cable strands are each inclined by a slip angle with respect to the vertical median plane between their two drum sections, wherein the pitch angle of their windings in the manner already described above correspond to their slip angles. The inventive principle of the cable winding is extended in this embodiment to two cable strands, which are wound symmetrically to the vertical median plane which intersects the drum axis, and are inclined on both sides relative to this center plane to the slip angle.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the cable drive comprises a third cable strand, which is approximately in the middle plane between the two drum sections of the two wound directly from the cable drum outer cable strands is wound on a central drum section. This third strand of rope runs over a spaced from the drum sections drain roller down to the load receiving means, so that the two outer cable strands and the third strand of rope form the edges of a standing on top of the three-sided pyramid. The load is thus stabilized in an additional direction, so that oscillations can be prevented. Since the third strand of rope lies in the median plane, it may conventionally be tightly wound on the middle section of the barrel since its skew angle is approximately zero.

Preferably, in this case, the central drum portion may have a slightly smaller diameter than the two outer drum sections. This serves to compensate for different take-up lengths for windings of different pitch.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cable drive comprises at least two cable strands running directly from the cable drum, which are wound double-handedly on a common cable drum section as a pair of cables and run from their discharge point on the cable drum from diverging to different suspension points on the load receiving means which are transverse to the drum axis are spaced apart, wherein the pitch angle of the double-turn winding corresponds to the skew angles of the cables of the cable pair. In this embodiment, therefore, the principle of adaptation of the pitch angle is extended to the skew angle of a double-turn winding in the manner of a double-threaded thread. Herein, the two ropes of the rope pair can be close together, but the slope must be sized sufficiently large to make the compensation of the slip angle even at higher lifting heights. This means that the individual double turns can have a comparatively large distance from each other.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cable drive comprises two pairs of cables with each running directly from the cable drum and double wound cable strands, which are wound on along the drum axis staggered portions of a common cable drum or two arranged on a common axis and drive-connected cable drums and are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a median plane between the two drum sections. In this embodiment, two double-wound cable pairs are thus present, which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the median plane and can include the same slip angle with her on both sides of this level.

Fig. 1

ist eine schematische Darstellung der Führungsgeometrie zweier Seilstränge als Teil einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kranhubwerks;

Fig. 2

zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kranhubwerks mit insgesamt drei Seilsträngen in einer Ansicht von vorn;

Fig. 3

ist eine Seitenansicht des Kranhubwerks aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

ist eine Draufsicht auf das Kranhubwerk aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 5

ist eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kranhubwerks mit insgesamt vier Seilsträngen; und

Fig. 6

ist eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Lastkrans, der das Kranhubwerk aus Fig. 5 sowie ein damit vergleichbares Kranhubwerk umfasst.

In the following preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

is a schematic representation of the guide geometry of two cable strands as part of a preferred embodiment of the invention Kranhubwerks;

Fig. 2

shows a further embodiment of the invention Kranhubwerks with a total of three cable strands in a front view;

Fig. 3

is a side view of the crane hoist off Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

is a plan view of the crane hoist off Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 5

is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention Kranhubwerks with a total of four cable strands; and

Fig. 6

is a perspective view of a truck crane, the crane from the lift Fig. 5 and a crane hoist comparable thereto.

Fig. 1 shows a schematically simplified Kranhubwerk 10 with a cable drive 12, which comprises a plurality of cable strands, which converge to a common suspension point L on the load, not shown. The cable drive may comprise additional cable strands, which are not shown in detail, in particular an additional middle rope strand for load stabilization in the transverse direction to the drum axis, as in the following embodiment in the Fig. 2 to 4 is shown in more detail. Based on the embodiment shown here, only the principle of the invention will be explained, which can be applied to various embodiments of cable drives.

The two cable strands 14 and 16 shown are wound on a common cable drum 18 which is rotatable about a horizontal drum axis A. Each of the cable strands 14,16 is wound on a portion 20,22 of the cable drum 18 and runs obliquely down to the suspension point L. The cable strands 14,16 run at point L V-shaped together and close to the vertical center plane E, which through the Suspension point L runs and the cable drum axis A intersects vertically, in each case a slip angle α. The angle enclosed between the two cable strands 14, 16 is therefore twice the skew angle, namely 2 α.

die aus der Gewindelehre bekannt ist.Each of the cable strands 14,16 is wound helically on its cable drum section 20,22, in such a way that the pitch angle of this winding corresponds to the slip angle α. The individual windings 24 are thus spaced along the cable drum axis A by the pitch or pitch P. The pitch P is calculated with a drum diameter D of the cable drum 18 according to the relationship $$\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{tan\; \alpha }*\mathrm{d}*\mathrm{\pi }.$$

which is known from the Gewindestehre.

This type of winding with a constant pitch angle α ensures that the skew angle remains constant over the entire lifting height. In Fig. 1 this is illustrated by different suspension points L in four different heights. It can be seen that in the lowest position of the slip angle α is the same as in the other height positions of the suspension point L. Due to the even at a higher lift constant skew angle α, the cable strands 14,16 run directly from the cable drum 18 without the Function of crane hoist 10 impaired becomes. On additional pulleys can therefore be dispensed with, and the wear of the cable strands 14,16 is reduced.

The geometry of the cable strands 14,16 shown here stabilizes a load which is suspended at the suspension point L, only against deflection forces acting approximately in the direction of the drum axis A. For further stabilization in directions perpendicular thereto, further cable strands may be present, which are in Fig. 1 not shown, but in the embodiment in the following Fig. 2 . 3 and 4 are shown. The same components are denoted in the following figures with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 ,

Crane lift 30 in Fig. 2 also includes a cable drum 18 which is rotatable about a horizontal cable drum axis A. At one end of the cable drum 18, a drive 32 is provided. The cable drum 18 comprises two along the axis A staggered cable drum sections 20,22 on which the cable strands 14,16 are wound up as outer cable strands. The type of winding corresponds to that associated with Fig. 1 has been described, ie, the pitch angle α of the windings 24 correspond to the slip angle α between the cable strand 14,16 and the vertical center plane E between the two cable drum sections 20,22. In Fig. 2 two different lifting positions of the suspension point L are shown. Again, it is visible that the slip angle α in the lowest stroke position is equal to that in the highest stroke position.

In the center plane E, a third strand of rope 34 runs on a narrow central drum section 36. It is connected via a non-pivotable deflection roller 38, which in the side view in Fig. 3 is visible, guided down to the suspension point L. This guide roller 38 is located at the same height as the cable drum 18 and is offset laterally relative to this, so that the third cable strand 34 forms an angle with the plane in which the two outer cable strands run 14,16. However, the middle rope strand 34 always runs approximately in the center plane E, apart from minor lateral emigration movements during the winding and unwinding, which are not important for the function of the crane lifting 30. The cable strand 34 therefore has at most a very small skew angle approximately equal to zero. For this middle rope strand 34 must Therefore, no precautions are taken that keep the slip angle small. The middle rope strand 34 is thus wound tightly on its middle barrel section 36 in a conventional manner, the turns being able to lie directly next to one another. To compensate for the different slopes of the outer cable strands 14,16 in conjunction with the inward migration relative to the middle strand of cable 34, the central drum portion 36 has a slightly smaller diameter than the two outer drum sections 20 and 22nd

The sections of the two outer cable strands 14, 16 and of the third cable section 34, which run downwards from their discharge points, lie on the edges of a triangular pyramid whose point is formed by the suspension point L. In the plan view in Fig. 4 It can be seen that in the lowest stroke position it is a regular pyramid with equal side lengths. As the lifting height increases, however, the windings and also the discharge points of the outer cable strands 14, 16 move along the cable drum axis A toward one another in the direction of the center plane E, so that the pyramid becomes narrower.

Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a Kranhubwerks 40, comprising a cable drive 42 with four cable strands 44,46,48,50, which run from a common cable drum 18 directly down to a load-receiving means 52. This load receiving means 52 comprises four different suspension points 56,58,60,62, which are arranged on a load carrier 64 spaced apart in a rectangle. In particular, the suspension points 60 and 62 of the cable strands 48 and 50 are spaced from one another transversely to the drum axis A, as are the suspension points 56 and 58 at which the cable strands 44 and 46 are spaced apart by the same distance in the transverse direction. The suspension points 56 and 60 on the in Fig. 5 left side of the cable drum 18 are axially spaced by a substantially smaller distance than in the transverse direction, as well as the suspension points 58 and 62 on the opposite right side of the load receiving means 52nd

The cable strands 44 and 46 form a pair of cables 66, which is wound on a common cable drum section 20 double-dotted, d. H. the two cable strands 44,46 of the pair of cables 66 are immediately adjacent to each other, but have the same pitch angle in their doppelgängigen winding. According to the invention, this pitch angle corresponds to the skew angle of the two cable strands 44, 46 with respect to a vertical center plane E perpendicular to the cable drum axis A.

The two cable strands 44 and 46 of the cable pair 66 run from the cable drum 18 diverging to their various suspension points 56 and 58 on the opposite sides of the load receiving means 52. Since these suspension points 56, 58 are spaced apart in the transverse direction, the cable strands 44, 46 close one another Angle β with each other.

Between two double windings of the cable strands 44,46 is an axial distance corresponding to the slope of the double-turn winding. Also in this embodiment of the crane hoist 40, the slip angle, which includes each of the cable strands 44,46 with the center plane E remains the same over the entire lifting height of the load receiving means 52, since the double winding of the cable pair 66 follows the same laws as the winding of the individual cables 14, 16 in the previous embodiments. The windings thus move relatively far inward on the cable drum section 20 with increasing lifting height, but the slip angle α is kept constant at a constant angle to the pitch of the winding.

The winding of the remaining ropes 48,50 corresponds in mirror image to that of the pair of cables 66. The cable strands 48 and 50 also form a pair of cables 70, which is wound on a cable drum portion 22 which is offset from the first cable drum portion 20 along the cable drum axis A, double-wound the pitch angle of the double-turn winding of the cable pair 70 corresponds to the slip angle of the cable strands 48 and 50 with respect to the median plane E between the cable drum sections 20 and 22. The cable strands 48 and 50 run from the cable drum 18 from divergent down to their suspension points 60 and 62, ie they close an angle β with each other one. The two pairs of cables 66,70 thus run mirror-symmetrically with respect to the center plane E.

It is understood that the two drum sections 20 and 22 can be arranged here and also in the previously described embodiments on two different cable drums, which lie on a common cable drum axis A and are drivingly connected to each other.

On the cable drum sections 20,22 helical guides can be arranged in the manner of external threads, in which the individual coiled cable strands 14,16 or pairs of cables 66.70 are performed in the desired manner. In this way, a defined winding can be specified. Additional means such as pinch rollers can additionally hold the cable strands in their guides.

The crane 160 in Fig. 6 comprises two Kranhubwerke, which are arranged at the same height and each comprise a cable drum 18. The two cable drums 18 and 118 have parallel cable drum axes A, A '. The crane hoist 40 corresponds to that Fig. 5 , The other Kranhubwerk 140 is similar to the Kranhubwerk 40 constructed and has an identical cable drive 142, which also includes four cable strands, which like the cable strands 44,46,48,50 in Fig. 5 run. The only difference is that the laterally spaced suspension points 56, 60 and 58, 62, respectively, are disposed on different load carriers 144, 146. In this case, the load-carrying means comprises the load carrier 64 of the crane lifting gear 40, the load carriers 144, 146 of the crane lifting gear 140 and an in Fig. 6 not shown connection carrier, which is transverse to the cable drum axes A, A 'and on which the load carrier 64,144,146 are fixedly mounted.

By the two Kranhubwerke 40 and 140, which are operated synchronously to each other by respective drives 146,148 and are coupled by the connection carrier, not shown, of the lifting device, the load is pendulum stabilized not only in the longitudinal direction of the cable drum axes A, A ', but also in the transverse direction , On the cable drum 18, the pinch rollers 150 are also visible, which hold the doppelgängigen windings of the cable strands in their guides.

Claims (7)

Crane lift (10,30,40,140), with at least one cable drive (12,42,142) and a load receiving means (52) suspended thereon, which cable drive (12,42,142) a plurality of cable strands (14,16,34, 44,46,48,50 ), which are wound on one or more cable drums (18,118) and run directly from the cable drum (18,118) or via drainage means such as pulleys (38) or the like down to the load receiving means (52), characterized in that at least one directly from a cable drum (18,118) downwardly running cable strand (14,16; 44,46,48,50), which is inclined to a plane (E) perpendicular to the drum axis (A) by a slip angle (α), on the cable drum (18,118 ) is helically wound such that the pitch angle of the winding corresponds to the slip angle (α). Crane hoist according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding of this rope strand (14,16; 44,46,48,50) is guided in a corresponding helical guide on the sheath of the rope drum (18,118). Crane hoisting gear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cable drive (12) comprises at least two cable strands (14, 16) running downwards directly from the cable drum (18) and arranged on cable drum sections (20, 20) offset from one another along a drum axis (A). 22) of a common cable drum (18) or two drive-connected cable drums are wound, such that the two cable strands (14,16) in each case by a slip angle (α) relative to a vertical median plane (E) between the two cable drum sections (20,22) are inclined and the pitch angle of their windings correspond to their slip angles (α). Crane hoist according to claim 3, characterized in that the cable drive (12) comprises a third strand of rope (34), approximately in the median plane (E) between the two cable drum sections (20,22) of the two directly from the cable drum (18) downwards running outer cable strands (14,16) is wound on a central cable drum portion (36) and via a from the cable drum (18) spaced run roller (38) down to the load receiving means (52) runs, such that the two outer cable strands (14,16) and the third strand of rope (34) form the edges of a three-sided pyramid standing on top. Crane hoist according to claim 4, characterized in that the middle cable drum section (36) has a slightly smaller diameter than the two outer cable drum sections (20, 22). Crane hoist according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cable drive (40) comprises at least two cable strands (44, 46, 48, 50) running downwards directly from the cable drum (18) and arranged as a pair of cables (66, 70) on one common cable drum section (20,22) are wound double-handed and run from the cable drum (18) from divergent to different suspension points (56,58,60,62) on the load receiving means (52) which are spaced transversely to the drum axis (A), wherein the pitch angle of the double-turn winding corresponds to the slip angles (α) of the cables of the cable pair (66,70). Crane hoist according to claim 6, characterized in that the rope drive (40) comprises two pairs of cables (66, 70) each with two cable strands (44, 46, 48, 50) running directly from the cable drum (18) and wound in two directions the drum axis (A) staggered portions (20,22) of a common cable drum (18) or two arranged on a common axis and drive-connected cable drums are wound and mirror-symmetrically with respect to a median plane (E) between the two cable drum sections (20,22) arranged are.

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