EP2695833B1 - Method of pneumatic transport of refuse - Google Patents

Method of pneumatic transport of refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2695833B1
EP2695833B1 EP12382324.7A EP12382324A EP2695833B1 EP 2695833 B1 EP2695833 B1 EP 2695833B1 EP 12382324 A EP12382324 A EP 12382324A EP 2695833 B1 EP2695833 B1 EP 2695833B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refuse
speed
air
transport
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12382324.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2695833A1 (en
Inventor
David Vidal Domenech
David Culleré Vidal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Urban Refuse Development SL
Original Assignee
Ros Roca Envirotec SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ros Roca Envirotec SL filed Critical Ros Roca Envirotec SL
Priority to ES12382324.7T priority Critical patent/ES2558737T3/es
Priority to EP12382324.7A priority patent/EP2695833B1/en
Priority to PT123823247T priority patent/PT2695833E/pt
Publication of EP2695833A1 publication Critical patent/EP2695833A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2695833B1 publication Critical patent/EP2695833B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F5/00—Gathering or removal of refuse otherwise than by receptacles or vehicles
    • B65F5/005—Gathering or removal of refuse otherwise than by receptacles or vehicles by pneumatic means, e.g. by suction

Definitions

  • a method of pneumatic transport of refuse as defined in the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed herein.
  • Pneumatic transport systems in refuse collection systems are known. Such systems are used for transporting waste products from refuse chutes through transport pipes into a remote collection station.
  • the refuse chutes comprise a substantially vertical tubular receptacle extending from the site from which the refuse products are discarded to a transport pipe where the refuse products are transported upon being discharged and conveyed into the collection station.
  • the refuse chutes on a determined area are connected to each other through the transport pipes so that the refuse is transported to the collection station where refuse is collected for treating, recycling or disposal.
  • the transport pipes may directly lead to the collection station or to a common air transport pipe system leading to the collection station.
  • the refuse chutes are designed to receive selective refuse of a given type therein.
  • the refuse is stored within the refuse chute waiting for being subsequently transported into the collection station.
  • the refuse chutes may be provided with detecting means such as a photoelectric cell for controlling load levels for discharge.
  • the refuse chutes are also fitted with corresponding discharge means comprising discharge valves.
  • the discharge valves are operable according to a discharge step for emptying the waste products contained therein into the transport pipes. Such discharge step may be performed according to signals received from different devices according to conditions that are determined for discharge, such as level signals from the above mentioned detecting means.
  • the waste products i.e. the refuse, fall into the transport pipe where they are conveyed by the suction produced by the flow of air drawn by a fan-driven suction system into the collection station.
  • the discharge step can be carried out in a controlled way, that is, the discharge valves of the refuse chutes may be automatically actuated according to different parameters and conditions that are monitored by the refuse collection system.
  • Document WO0046129 discloses a refuse transport system for a specific refuse collection system in which an air inlet is disposed above the waste products when stored within a bend. According to this method for such a specific system, additional air is provided into a vertical extended storage volume with the purpose of controlling the drag force applied to the stored refuse and the concentration of refuse material in the transport air.
  • the extended storage volume is connected to a horizontal transport pipe through a discharge valve that is also positioned in a horizontal pipe.
  • the additional air is provided through several air inlets into a refuse chute. One of such air inlets is immediately upstream of the discharge valve.
  • the present method allows the prior art problems relating to transport of refuse to be at least reduced while providing a number of advantages over the existing pneumatic transport systems in current waste collection installations.
  • a method of pneumatic transport of refuse in a waste collection installation is herein disclosed according to claim 1, the preamble including the features in common with cited prior art EP2022731 .
  • the method allows an efficient transport of refuse within at least one transport pipe leading to at least one central station.
  • Advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
  • the waste products i.e. the refuse, such as example paper, containers, remnants and organic products or a mixture thereof, are initially loaded within a particular refuse chute through an upper opening for being temporarily contained therein.
  • the refuse remains within the refuse chute until it is discharged through a discharge means.
  • the discharge means may comprise at least one discharge valve. When the discharge means are actuated, the waste products contained within the refuse chute are discharged into the transport pipe through which it is conveyed into a central collection station.
  • the refuse chutes may be arranged forming a network of refuse chutes all leading either directly to the collection station or to at least one common transport pipe for transporting the refuse into the central collection station.
  • Conveying of the waste materials into the central station is carried out through air drawn from a fan-driven suction system. Therefore, the transport of refuse will be also referred herein to as pneumatic transport of refuse.
  • the discharge valve in the refuse chute is actuated such that it is opened in order to discharge the waste products contained therein into the transport pipe.
  • Such discharge step also takes into account the distance from the particular refuse chute to the collection station in a way that those refuse chutes located farthest from the central station or those having higher losses associated therewith are first discharged.
  • a transport reference speed of the air flow is set by the operator. After that, a value for the transport reference speed of the air flow is automatically set according to the specific type of refuse to be discharged. An approximate value for the degree of compaction can be thus calculated. Based on such empirical data it is possible to foresee and model a different behaviour depending on the type of refuse that is transported.
  • the reference speed of the air is automatically set according to parameters of the waste transport process that are monitored during a transport cycle within the collection system such as the atmospheric pressure, differential pressure, relative pressure, temperature and calibration constants for the correct adjustment of the measurement electronics.
  • the reference speed of the air may also be determined according to actual measurements during operation from measuring devices such as sensors and other metering equipment depending on the type and dimensions of the collection system.
  • the refuse By means of the suction produced by the air drawn through the above mentioned fan-driven suction system, the refuse is caused to advance along the transport pipe and thus conveyed into the collection station where it is collected for at least one of treating, recycling or disposal.
  • transport speed of the air in the transport pipe, and the discharge speed of the air in the refuse chute are suitably controlled by the refuse collection system through suitable control means.
  • the transport speed of the air flow in the transport pipe relates to the speed of the air stream caused by the fan-driven suction system for transporting waste products and the discharge speed of the air relates to the speed of the air flow during discharge of a refuse chute.
  • PID controller proportional integral derivative closed loop feedback controller
  • Such closed loop PID controller is adapted for automatically comparing the current speed of the air flow within the pipe with the transport reference speed of the air flow that is an automatic set point adjusted during the hot startup stage of the refuse collection system.
  • the transport speed of the air flow is automatically adjusted by the PID controller which makes the rotational speed of the fan motors to be increased or decreased such that the transport speed of the air flow measured is as close as possible to the transport reference speed of the air flow to be substantially constant along the transport pipe as the waste products are conveyed into the collection station.
  • This centralized reference measurement system can be located in o near the collection station or even in a distributed manner and be dependent on sensors.
  • the difference between the transport speed of the air flow and the transport reference speed of the air flow when compared increases as the distance between a given refuse chute and the central station increases.
  • the variation of the speed of the air flow thus depends on the distance between the refuse chute being considered to the central station as well as on the characteristics of the refuse chute and the type of refuse being transported.
  • Such variation of the transport speed of the air is based on the above reference speed of the air and real time measurements of the current transport speed of the air, measured by central monitor, according to the specific type of refuse that is loaded within a particular refuse chute. From such data, the PID controller automatically varies the frequency on the fan motors of in the fan-driven suction system in order to adjust the transport speed of the air. In certain circumstances such as in locations near the central station the transport speed of the air could be lowered even under fan motor nominal speeds.
  • Adjusting the transport speed of the air through the above mentioned PID controller is carried out by adjusting frequency converters that are associated with the respective motor means in the fan-driven suction system of the refuse collection system. This enables the speed of the refuse to be automatically adapted according to the requirements in order to keep the transport speed of the waste products at least substantially constant.
  • Such adjustment in the transport speed of the air flow is performed by constant monitoring of the current speed of the air flow measured_by the PID controller causing the transport speed of the air to be always at least substantially constant substantially along the entire length of the transport pipes. Varying the suction force to keep the transport speed of the air flow constant may be carried out according to a specific type refuse to be conveyed.
  • the transport speed of the air is preferably measured by a reference monitor with several devices preferably located in the central station and/or in the transport pipe. Since variations in the transport speed of the air mainly depend on the distance between a particular refuse chute and the central collecting station, measuring the current transport speed of the air at the central station is advantageous over prior art methods in which measuring are carried out through devices fitted in the transport pipes, distant from the collection station.
  • an increase in the discharge speed of the air is also performed by the collection system for a discharge time.
  • the discharge time is the time during which the discharge operation is performed.
  • the variation in the discharge speed of the air depends at least upon the distance from each refuse chute being considered to the central station.
  • the increase in the discharge speed of the air is also performed by the PID controller. This increase in the discharge speed of the air is performed during the discharge step.
  • the period of time during which the refuse chute is conveyed by the fan-driven suction system in the refuse collection system takes into account the discharge time of a next refuse chute. This ensures that the waste being transported is beyond the refuse chute that has been discharged.
  • the discharge time depends on the height from which the refuse is discharged and the speed of the refuse being discharged.
  • the increase in the discharge speed of the air for each refuse chute is provided from the moment the discharge valve of the refuse chute being considered is opening to perform a refuse discharge until the discharge valve of a next the refuse chute is opening. More specifically, when the discharge time has been elapsed, the air valve in the next refuse chute to be discharged is opened by the system and the air valve of the refuse chute already discharged is closed. In this state, the system adjusts the transport speed of the air flow with respect to the reference speed of the air flow again by using the PID control as stated above.
  • the increase value of the transport speed of the air to be added to the reference speed of the air flow is smaller allowing speed peaks to be smooth and reducing turbulent flow inside the pipe.
  • a transport speed of refuse may be determined as a value that is proportional to the transport speed of the air along the transport pipe. Therefore, the goal is to keep the transport speed of the air and hence the transport speed of refuse at least substantially constant along the entire length of the transport pipes in the network of refuse chutes in the collection system.
  • the increase of the discharge speed of the air is carried out during the discharge step.
  • such an increase of the discharge speed of the air is carried out exclusively during the discharge step.
  • This increase of the speed may be preferably carried out when refuse chutes containing the same type of refuse are discharged so that the refuse is transported sequentially and dynamically from those farthest to those nearest to the central station in a full cycle from the starting of the fans.
  • the refuse can be alternatively transported sequentially and dynamically from those nearest to those farthest the central station. This depends on the type of waste product.
  • Both the step of varying the transport speed of the air in order to make the transport speed of the refuse at least substantially constant along the transport pipe and the step of varying the discharge speed of the air during the discharge of the refuse may be combined such that they may be carried out in parallel according to the present method. Such steps may be performed automatically.
  • At least one of the step of varying the transport speed of the air and the step varying the discharge speed of the air is carried out by increasing the speed of the air.
  • inlet air valves may be provided at different points of the installation. Such inlet air valves are used to decrease the pressure. This could also be advantageous for reducing noise when in use.
  • the present method is capable of varying the transport speed at any point along the transport pipes at any distance from the collection station.
  • the transport speed can be thus accurately measured in the collection station such that the transport speed of the air flow and the discharge speed of the air can be increased efficiently as necessary in order to compensate for losses.
  • the present method allows controlling the transport speed of refuse in pneumatic refuse collection systems such that a minimum transport speed for each specific type of refuse and a stable control thereof is performed.
  • the energy balance of the system is highly improved.
  • a global control of the waste transport is performed.
  • a refuse chute is only discharged when there is a convenient value of transport speed before starting the discharge step.
  • This is an integral method for controlling the transport speed in a way that erosion in the transport pipes due to excessive speeds and impacts are reduced.
  • An adaptive control of the transport speed is performed depending of the location and the conditions of the refuse chutes. The difference between the measured in situ transport speed and the speed measured from the collection station is controlled and automatically compensated according to the installation.
  • the refuse system that is diagrammatically comprises a network 600 of n refuse chutes RC1, RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n , as shown in figure 3 . Only two refuse chutes RC1, RC2 are shown in figure 2 .
  • each refuse chute RC i in the network 600 comprises a substantially vertical tubular receptacle that is arranged fixed on a private community 500 as shown in figure 1 , where refuse RF are to be collected in large amounts.
  • the receptacle of the refuse chutes RC1, RC2 shown extends from the site from which the refuse products are discarded to a transport pipe 100.
  • the present refuse collection system operates according to the method described below. It is to be noted that in the present embodiment all the refuse chutes RC i involved in the method described herein are intended to contain the same type of refuse RF.
  • the refuse products RF are transported along the above mentioned transport pipe 100 upon being discharged from the refuse chute RC i through a corresponding discharge valve means 200 fitted in the refuse chute RC i .
  • Refuse products RF are conveyed along the transport pipe 100 a collection station 300 as depicted in figure 1 and digrammatically shown in figure 2 .
  • each refuse chute RC i is provided with detecting means 250 such as a photoelectric cell for controlling load levels h for discharge.
  • the detecting means 250 are shown in figure 2 .
  • Other suitable detecting means 250 can be additionally or alternatively used.
  • the discharge valve means 200 are provided at a bottom portion of the refuse chutes RC i .
  • the discharge valve means 200 comprise suitable discharge valves. When a discharge valve 200 is driven to be opened, the refuse RF inside the refuse chute RC i is discharged into the transport pipe 100 as shown in figure 2 of the drawings.
  • the common transport pipe 100 connects each refuse chute RC i of the network 600 of refuse chutes RC1, RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n .
  • Several common transport pipes 100 may be provided in a transport pipe system forming part of the network 600 of n refuse chutes RC 1 , RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n as shown in figure 3 .
  • the transport pipes 100 may comprise branches as shown.
  • the common transport pipes 100 lead to the central collection station 300.
  • the refuse RF is treated, compacted, etc. in the central collection station 300 for further transporting for recycling or disposal.
  • Waste products i.e. the refuse RF
  • Waste products are driven through the transport pipe 100, as shown in figure 2 , into the collection station 300 by means of the suction produced by the flow of air drawn by a fan-driven suction system 400 comprising a fan capable of generating an air depression for conveniently drawing the refuse RF into the collection station 300.
  • Remote control means (not shown) are provided which are operated through a suitable software application. Such remote control means are adapted for receiving incoming signals from a load level signal from the photoelectric cells 250 in each refuse chute RC i and outputting signals to the corresponding discharge valves 200 therein when a volume of refuse RF, that is a load level or height h of refuse RF within the refuse chute RC i , is being considered to be sufficient has been detected for discharge to the transport pipe 100.
  • the discharge valve 200 is actuated by the system such that it is opened in order to discharge the waste products, i.e. the refuse RF, contained within the refuse chutes RC i into the transport pipe 100.
  • the above conditions may also include other conditions such as the distance d 1 , d 2 , ... d i , .. d n from the particular refuse chute RC 1 , RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n to the collection station 300 (see figure 2 ).
  • the refuse chute RC 1 that is located farthest in the embodiment shown in figure 2 (or nearest in other possible embodiments) from the central station 300 or having higher losses associated therewith is discharged first.
  • a reference speed of the air flow R S is set according to a specific type of refuse RF.
  • the reference speed of the air flow R S is predetermined before starting up of the refuse collection system. Different values for the reference speed of the air flow R S are automatically calculated by the collection system according to each type of refuse RF to be transported. Such calculation takes into account parameters of the process that are monitored during a transport cycle within the collection system such as the atmospheric pressure, differential pressure, relative pressure, temperature and calibration constants for the correct adjustment of the measurement electronics.
  • the reference speed of the air flow R S is also automatically calculated according to actual measurements when in use. This is carried out through measuring devices such as sensors and other metering equipment are used for determining the speed of the air flow A S and the refuse transport speed T S depending on the type and dimensions of the collection system.
  • the speed of the air flow A S is measured at the central station 300. Variations in the speed of the air flow A S mainly depend on the distance d 1 , d 2 .. d i ..d n between a particular refuse chute RC 1 , RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n and the central collecting station 300. This is advantageous over measuring devices fitted in the pipes, distant from the central collection station 300.
  • the fan-driven suction system 400 are actuated and the suction produced causes the refuse RF to advance along the transport pipe 100. This causes the refuse RF to be conveyed into the collection station 300 where it is collected for treating, recycling or disposal as stated above.
  • the speed of the air flow A S in the transport pipe 100 and the speed of the refuse T S being transported in the transport pipe 100 are both controlled by the refuse collection system through suitable control means.
  • the speed of the air flow A S in the transport pipe 100 is varied according to the present method through a proportional integral derivative closed loop feedback controller (PID controller).
  • PID controller automatically compares the current speed of the air flow A S within the transport pipe 100 with the above mentioned reference speed of the air flow R S . Then the speed of the air flow A S is automatically adjusted by the PID controller which causes the rotational speed of the fan motors to be increased or decreased such that the speed of the air flow A S measured is as close as possible to the reference speed of the air flow R S and such that the speed of the refuse RF, i.e. the transport speed T S is substantially constant along the transport pipe 100 as the waste products RF are conveyed into the collection station 300. This allows compensating for any decrease of speed of the air flow A S due to friction and pressure leaks are compensated.
  • Differences between the compared values of the speed flow R S , T S vary as the distance d i between a given refuse chute RC i and the central station 300 increases.
  • the variation of the transport speed of the air ⁇ V A thus depends on the distance d i , d 2 .. d i ..d n between a particular refuse chute RC 1 , RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n and the central collecting station 300, the characteristics of the refuse chute RC i and the type of refuse RF being transported through the transport pipe 100.
  • the variation of the transport speed of the air ⁇ V A is usually an increase or decrease over the speed of the air flow As.
  • This increase in the transport air speed ⁇ V A is based on the reference speed of the air flow R S together with real time measurements of the speed of the air flow A S according to the type of refuse RF within a particular refuse chute RC i .
  • the PID controller automatically varies the frequency on the fan motors in the fan-driven suction system 400 thus adjusting the speed of the air flow A S .
  • the speed of the refuse T S is automatically adapted according to the requirements in order to keep such transport speed T S at least substantially constant.
  • the suction force of the fan-driven suction system 400 is automatically varied through constant monitoring of the control PID in order to keep the transport speed T S constant as explained, according to a specific type of refuse RF to be conveyed. This allows reducing erosion and impacts on the inside of the transport pipes 100.
  • an additional air discharge is provided.
  • This increase in the discharge air speed ⁇ V B is carried out when refuse chutes RC i containing the same type of refuse RF are discharged.
  • the refuse RF is thus transported sequentially and dynamically from those refuse chutes RC 1 located farthest, as shown in figure 2 , to those refuse chutes RC 2 located nearest to the central station 300 in a full cycle from the starting of the fans.
  • the refuse RF is transported sequentially and dynamically from refuse chutes RC 2 located nearest to those refuse chutes RC 1 located farthest to the central station 300 in a full cycle from the starting of the fans.
  • the variation in the speed of the air flow A S depends at least upon the distance d 1 , d 2 .. d i ..d n from a particular refuse chute being considered RC 1 , RC 2 ... RC i ... RC n to the central collecting station 300.
  • Such increase in the discharge air speed ⁇ V B is performed by the PID controller during the discharge step.
  • the period of time during which a refuse chute RC 1 is conveyed by the fan-driven suction system 400 in the refuse collection system takes into account the discharge time t D of a next refuse chute RC 2 . This ensures that the waste RF being transported is beyond the refuse chute RC 1 that has been discharged.
  • the discharge time t D depends on the height h from which the refuse is discharged and the speed of the refuse T S being discharged.
  • the increase in the discharge air speed ⁇ V B for each refuse chute RC 1 is provided from the moment the discharge valve 200 of said refuse chute is opening to perform a refuse discharge until the discharge valve 200 of a next the refuse chute RC 2 is opening.
  • the air valve 200 in the next refuse chute RC 2 to be discharged is opened by the system and the air valve 200 of the refuse chute already discharged RC 1 is closed.
  • the system adjusts the speed of the air flow As with respect to the reference speed of the air flow R S again through the PID control.
  • the increase in the discharge air speed ⁇ V B to be added is smaller allowing speed peaks to be smooth and reducing turbulent flow inside the transport pipe 100.
  • the discharge time t D is the time during which the discharge operation is performed, that is, the time taken to at least partially discharge the refuse RF from a given refuse chute RC i .
  • the speed of the refuse T S through the transport pipe 100 between the first and second refuse chutes RC 1 , RC 2 may be determined as a value that is proportional to the speed of the air flow A S along the transport pipe 100.
  • Both the step of varying the speed of the air flow A S through an increase in the transport air speed ⁇ V A such that the speed of the refuse T S being transported is substantially constant along the transport pipe 100 and the step of increasing the speed of the air through an increase in the discharge air speed ⁇ V B during the discharge of the refuse RF are carried out in parallel.
  • the increase of transport air speed ⁇ V A can be made through different inlet points (not shown) in the conveying airflow within the collection system.
  • the inlet points may be different according to different waste discharge points.
  • Each refuse chute RC i has at least one air valve and a unique air path to the transport pipe 100.
  • suction points may also be provided.
  • the suction points may be automatically varied within this air path so suction may be varied as the other refuse chutes are being emptied and waste is advanced into the central station 300.
  • the suction points are automatically varied according to variables of the process such as pressure and speed of the air.
  • refuse chutes RC i can be emptied with minimum values of the air speed A S , such as of the order of 20 m/s.

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  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
EP12382324.7A 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Method of pneumatic transport of refuse Active EP2695833B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES12382324.7T ES2558737T3 (es) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Procedimiento de transporte neumático de desechos
EP12382324.7A EP2695833B1 (en) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Method of pneumatic transport of refuse
PT123823247T PT2695833E (pt) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Método de transporte pneumático de lixo

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12382324.7A EP2695833B1 (en) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Method of pneumatic transport of refuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2695833A1 EP2695833A1 (en) 2014-02-12
EP2695833B1 true EP2695833B1 (en) 2015-10-07

Family

ID=46727166

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12382324.7A Active EP2695833B1 (en) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Method of pneumatic transport of refuse

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2695833B1 (pt)
ES (1) ES2558737T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT2695833E (pt)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1540435A (fr) * 1966-07-29 1968-09-27 Centralsug Ab Dispositif pour transporter les ordures
US4995765A (en) * 1986-12-22 1991-02-26 Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Method of collecting wastes and system therefor
SE515514C2 (sv) 1999-02-05 2001-08-20 Centralsug Ab Metoder för tömning av ett avfallslagringsutrymme respektive ett avfallsinkastschakt samt dylikt avfallsinkastschakt
MY141070A (en) * 2006-06-06 2010-03-15 Premium Nxl Sdn Bhd Solid waste collection system
PT2022731E (pt) 2007-08-09 2010-04-29 Ros Roca Sa Método para eliminação controlada de lixo
EP2254818A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2010-12-01 Johann Haberl Tubing conduit system, a method for control thereof and the use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2695833A1 (en) 2014-02-12
ES2558737T3 (es) 2016-02-08
PT2695833E (pt) 2016-01-14

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