Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage cell with a current interruption device for interrupting at least one intended for operation of the energy storage cell electrical connection of the energy storage cell.
• An electrochemical energy storage cell is understood to be a device for the chemical storage of electrical energy and the release of this energy in the form of an electric current.
• This can be a rechargeable cell, for example a lithium-ion cell, or even a non-rechargeable cell, for example an alkaline battery cell.
• An electrochemical energy storage cell of the type under consideration is constructed as follows in a conventional embodiment:
• the energy storage cell has an electrode arrangement of areally formed anodes and cathodes, which are alternately arranged adjacent to one another and wherein two adjacent electrodes are separated from one another by a likewise flat separator are separated.
• the arrangement of electrodes and separators is connected to a nem, in particular liquid, electrolyte filled and surrounded by a fixed or flexible housing.
• the discharge and / or supply of electrical energy from or into the energy storage cell via electrical conductors connected to the electrodes, which are bundled for all or part of the anodes or cathodes and led out as two or more electrical connections from the cell housing become.
• the energy storage cell can be discharged to a consumer via these connections in order to discharge electrical energy or, in the case of a rechargeable energy storage cell, can also be charged.
• the energy storage cell can be interconnected via these connections with other energy storage cells, for example by series or parallel connection, to form a battery module.
• CID Current Interrupt Devices
• Such CIDs may be coupled to means for preventing overheating or overpressure, for example a pressure relief valve in the form of a rupturable membrane, for example by tearing an electrical conductor simultaneously with the membrane.
• the CID can also be implemented by electromechanical, electrical or electronic components such as MOSFETs or other transistors, fuses, switches or relays.
• US 2007/0275298 A1 describes an electrochemical cell which has a closure plate made of a material which can be deformed by heat and a pressure relief valve, wherein the closure plate simultaneously opens the pressure release valve during an excess temperature of the cell and interrupts the circuit of the cell. When the cell temperature returns to normal, the closure plate returns to its original shape and restores the interrupted circuit.
• US 5,998,051 proposes for a - preferably irreversible, but also reversible - CID in particular the use of memory metals or bimetals.
• An energy storage cell according to the invention has a discharge device which enables complete or partial discharge of the energy storage cell if at least one electrical connection of the energy storage cell provided for operating the energy storage cell is interrupted by the current interruption device.
• a previously fully charged energy storage cell is here preferably discharged to about 40 - 75% of its maximum capacity, since this state of charge is sufficient to achieve a stable state of the energy storage cell in a relatively short time and thus to allow safe transport and safe storage.
• the current interruption device is not reversible in the sense that the interruption of an electrical connection provided for the operation of the energy storage cell is canceled again and thus the (po- tentiell dangerous) continued operation of the energy storage cell is made possible.
• the discharge device according to the invention provides only one possibility for the complete or partial discharge of the energy storage cell in a non-operating state.
• the discharge via the discharge device can preferably also be carried out when the energy storage cell has been removed from the device operated by it, for example an electric vehicle.
• the discharge device can be activated by an operator and thereby the discharge can be triggered.
• the time of discharge can be chosen freely; In particular, the operator does not have to wait with the discharge until, for example, the pressure or the temperature in the cell has dropped below a certain value.
• the discharge device can be arranged completely within the housing or at least partially outside the housing of the energy storage cell.
• the discharge device has at least one safety contact accessible from outside the energy storage cell, which safety contact is different from the electrical connections of the energy storage cell provided for operating the energy storage cell.
• the energy storage cell can then be completely or partially discharged via this safety contact in conjunction with another safety contact or even with an electrical connection of the battery, for example by the two contacts or connections bridged by an electrical conductor or a suitable discharge circuit outside the housing of the energy storage cell become.
• the safety contact is expediently connected to a current conductor inside the energy storage cell.
• the power interruption device can also provide a special connection for the at least one safety contact, to which the safety contact is then connected inside the energy storage cell.
• the safety contact By means of a corresponding circuit arrangement in the current interruption device, it can then also be ensured, for example, that the energy storage cell only after triggering the current interruption device, but not before, d. H. during normal operation of the energy storage cell, can be discharged via the safety contact.
• no unintentional discharge via the safety contact which further increases the reliability.
• At least one operating parameter of the energy storage cell can be measured via the safety contact.
• an operating parameter is understood to be a parameter of the energy storage cell which represents a physical instantaneous magnitude, in particular a voltage (for example a quiescent voltage), a current or a temperature. This measurement is used to monitor and diagnose the operation and function of the energy storage cell.
• the safety contact used for this purpose can - if necessary even at the same time - serve to discharge the energy storage cell or be provided exclusively for the purpose of measuring the operating parameter.
• the measurement of the at least one operating parameter can take place via external sensors, for example current sensors, or measuring devices or also via such sensors or measuring devices, which are integrated in the energy storage cell.
• the safety contact is preferably not itself the physical quantity which defines the operating parameter, but a representation of the operating parameter in (for example digitally) encoded form.
• the operating parameter can then be queried by an external data processing device by means of a suitable data transmission protocol.
• At least one state parameter of the energy storage cell can be determined by measuring the at least one operating parameter.
• a physical parameter is understood to mean a physical variable which describes the state of the energy storage cell and possibly only indirectly, for example from at least one operating parameter, can be derived, in particular a state of charge, a maximum capacitance or an internal resistance.
• the measured operating parameter (s) are suitably processed and / or linked by (basically known) calculation rules and / or algorithms in order to determine the at least one state parameter.
• the determination of the at least one state parameter from the measured operating parameter (s) preferably takes place via an external data processing device, such as a microprocessor-controlled measuring device or a computer.
• Condition parameters of the type mentioned above can give the operator important information on the further treatment (for example, transport, storage or recycling) of the energy storage cell.
• Both the measurement of an operating parameter and the determination of a state parameter can be carried out by means of devices supplied by the energy storage cell, for example an electric vehicle, or devices permanently installed in the components thereof.
• Such permanently installed devices can be arranged, for example, in a battery module into which the energy storage cell is integrated together with further energy storage cells.
• the measurement or determination of the operating or state parameters can, of course, already during the operation of the energy storage cell, d. H. regardless of triggering the power interruption device, done. With the help of the operating and / or state parameters of the energy storage cell, for example, a battery management system can be operated.
• compliance with a predetermined range for at least one operating parameter or state parameter of the energy storage cell can be checked by measuring the at least one operating parameter and / or determining the at least one state parameter. Examples include compliance with a permissible storage temperature or a permissible open circuit voltage for transport.
• said predetermined parameter ranges may in practice depend on the type of energy storage cell (for example defined by the manufacturer, the model name and the batch number). This makes it possible to check compliance with the respective parameter range individually for the type of energy storage cell.
• the type of energy storage cell can be determined by the at least one measured operating parameter and / or the at least one specific state parameter, for example by comparison with a ner stored in an external meter table with eligible for the present application types of energy storage cells.
• the maximum capacitance of the energy storage cell can be used as the distinguishing criterion, with the possible ranges of the used differentiation criterion for the individual types not overlapping and even larger distances to each other should have a clear assignment of the present energy storage cell to one of the known types to ensure.
• the energy storage cell has data transmission means for transmitting data which contain the type of energy storage cell in coded form.
• the type of energy storage cell can then be determined from these data.
• the transmission of the encoded type of the energy storage cell can, for example, take place via a safety contact, preferably in digital form, as described above for the transmission of a coded parameter value.
• RFID Radio Frequency Identification
• the energy storage cell has a so-called RFID tag in which its type is stored in coded form.
• the RFID tag can be wirelessly activated and / or read by an external RFID reader.
• the long-established RFID technology ensures reliable and fast transmission and detection of the type of energy storage cell.
• the discharge device has at least one safety contact in the interior of the energy storage cell.
• a complete or partial discharge of the energy storage cell can be triggered by means of the at least one safety contact in the interior of the energy storage cell from outside the energy storage cell. This preferably takes place in that the safety contact is electrically conductively brought into contact with a further safety contact, a drain or other component in the interior of the energy storage cell, thereby triggering the discharge.
• the energy released during the discharge is preferably converted into heat, which is dissipated through the housing of the energy storage cell by means of already existing cooling devices. Since the discharge of the energy storage cell is generally carried out in the expanded state of the energy storage cell after the current interruption device has been triggered, the energy storage cell can then also be coupled with further, more efficient cooling devices.
• the discharge is triggered by means of the at least one safety contact in the interior of the energy storage cell by pressure from outside the energy storage cell to one or more locations of the energy storage cell.
• a tool such as a special pliers may be provided by which preferably a pressure of a well-defined strength can be applied to a surface of a well-defined shape on the housing of the energy storage cell. This avoids that the discharge is triggered unintentionally by improper handling of the energy storage cell, for example, during transport or during assembly.
• This embodiment can be implemented particularly easily if the energy storage cell already has a flexible casing (for example a so-called pouch or coffee bag cell). On the other hand, if the energy storage cell has a rigid shell, breakthroughs can be provided at certain points of the housing which are reclosed with a flexible material onto which the pressure is then applied from outside to trigger the discharge.
• a flexible casing for example a so-called pouch or coffee bag cell.
• the discharge device has means for avoiding a short circuit during discharge, in particular at least one resistor.
• the discharge is triggered by a pressure from the outside on a safety contact inside the energy storage cell
• FIG. 1 shows an energy storage cell according to the invention with externally accessible safety contacts
• Fig. 2 shows an energy storage cell according to the invention with safety contacts inside.
• 1 shows a so-called pouch cell 1.
• This is a flat, rectangular battery cell, such as a lithium-ion cell, with alternately stacked electrode and separator sheets that are welded into a flexible shell 2 made of a metal-plastic composite material.
• the pouch cell 1 is intended to be interconnected with a plurality of other similar cells and together with other devices such as a cooling system, a battery management system and a sturdy housing for mechanical protection of the cells to form a battery module.
• a number of cells for multiplying the cell voltage to a cell string are connected in series and further connected several such cell strings in parallel to increase the battery power.
• the pouch cell 1 contains (not shown) in its interior a Current Interrupt Device (CID), which interrupts the connection between the electrode assembly and the poles 3, 4 in an overcharge of the cell 1.
• CID Current Interrupt Device
• 1 safety contacts 5, 6 are also led out of the shell 2 in the form of thin metallic films on one longitudinal side of the pouch cell. It is of course also possible to arrange the safety contacts 5, 6 in a different form, for example on another side or on different sides of the cell.
• the cell 1 can continue to be discharged via the safety contacts 5, 6.
• the thereby released electrical energy can be converted via a resistor into heat and dissipated via the existing cooling system in the battery module.
• the cell 1 can also be removed from the battery module before it is discharged.
• FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a pouch cell 1 according to the invention with safety contacts inside the cell (not shown).
• the discharge is triggered in this case by a simultaneous pressure on two circular areas 7, 8 in the shell 2.
• a safety contact in the form of an electrical switch, which is closed by pressure on the respective area 7, 8.
• the shell 2 is thinner and thus more sensitive to pressure than in the other areas to selectively transfer the pressure applied to them on the underlying security contacts.
• the two safety contacts are connected in series, so that only a simultaneous pressure on both safety contacts closes a circuit inside the cell, which leads there to a discharge of the cell 1.
• the two areas 7, 8 are expediently so small that the underlying safety contacts during manual handling of the cell 1 not accidentally with the fingers can be triggered. Rather, it is intended to trigger the safety contacts by the simultaneous pressure with two thin pins or with a special pliers on the areas 7, 8. Since in a ready-assembled battery module, the individual cells 1 are arranged in a space-saving manner flat and close to each other, it is already purely mechanically excluded in the embodiment of FIG. 2 that a discharge of the cell 1 via the safety contacts in the installed state Cell 1 is done. This is advantageous because a discharge within the battery module could lead to problems with the heat dissipation in cells with a high energy density, if the battery module's own cooling system is thus overwhelmed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=45932280

Family Applications (1)

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• 2011
  • 2011-04-01 DE DE102011015829A patent/DE102011015829A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-03-27 CN CN201280016258XA patent/CN103443967A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-03-27 JP JP2014501475A patent/JP2014514693A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-03-27 EP EP12712582.1A patent/EP2695224A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-03-27 WO PCT/EP2012/001335 patent/WO2012130433A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-03-27 KR KR1020137028536A patent/KR20140027965A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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