EP2688995A1 - Method of cleaning laundry - Google Patents

Method of cleaning laundry

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Publication number
EP2688995A1
EP2688995A1 EP12708849.0A EP12708849A EP2688995A1 EP 2688995 A1 EP2688995 A1 EP 2688995A1 EP 12708849 A EP12708849 A EP 12708849A EP 2688995 A1 EP2688995 A1 EP 2688995A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surfactant
treatment composition
laundry
weight
hydroxamate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12708849.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2688995B1 (en
Inventor
Ian Howell
Anthony Mckee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
Original Assignee
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever PLC, Unilever NV filed Critical Unilever PLC
Priority to PL12708849T priority Critical patent/PL2688995T3/en
Priority to EP12708849.0A priority patent/EP2688995B1/en
Publication of EP2688995A1 publication Critical patent/EP2688995A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2688995B1 publication Critical patent/EP2688995B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of hydroxamic acid and its corresponding salts in laundry detergent compositions with low levels of zeolite and phosphate builder, leading to
  • Improvement of stain removal is one of the constant goals of the detergent industry, as this may lead to savings on the use of chemicals in detergent compositions, or may lead to washing at lower temperatures, and/or for shorter times, and therewith saving energy. Therefore, there is still an interest to improve the detergency effect, especially the primary detergency effect of laundry detergent compositions on textile stains, for example particulate stains, such as stains comprising soils or clay, or plant based stains, such as grass. Especially
  • particulate stains are difficult to remove during the
  • Hydroxamic acids are a class of chemical compounds in which a hydroxylamine is inserted into a carboxylic acid.
  • the general structure of a hydroxamic acid is the following:
  • R is an organic residue, for example alkyl or
  • the hydroxamic acid may be present as its corresponding alkali metal salt, or hydroxamate.
  • the hydroxamates may conveniently be formed from the corresponding hydroxamic acid by substitution of the acid hydrogen atom by a cation:
  • L + is a monovalent cation such as for example the alkali metals (e.g. potassium, sodium), or ammonium or a substituted
  • Hydroxamic acids and hydroxamates are known to be useful as metal chelators. They have also been used in detergent
  • compositions in order to improve bleaching performance, as well as use as a builder substance.
  • EP 388 389 A2 discloses bleach free under built liquid
  • Hydroxamic acids as in formula 1 are disclosed, wherein R 1 represents an optionally substituted straight- or branched chain C5- C21 alkyl or C5- C21 alkenyl group or an optionally-substituted phenyl group, and R ' represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, or an optionally-substituted phenyl group.
  • R 1 represents an optionally substituted straight- or branched chain C5- C21 alkyl or C5- C21 alkenyl group or an optionally-substituted phenyl group
  • R ' represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, or an optionally-substituted phenyl group.
  • One of the examples shows an improved bleaching performance when a
  • hydroxamate is used in a detergent composition in hard water (20° German hardness, which is about 143 milligram calcium per litre) .
  • the examples use C12 linear, C12 branched, C13 branched and Cis hydroxamates in detergent formulations comprising mixtures of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant.
  • nonionic surfactant of at least 1.25 to 1
  • in example III there is 100% anionic surfactant.
  • the liquids also contain at least 6 wt% ethanol, which assists in solubilising the long chain hydroxamates
  • EP 384 912 A2 discloses the use of hydroxamic acids and their derivatives as stabilizers for peroxygen bleach compounds in built, mainly granular, detergent compositions.
  • Ci2 formulated detergent powder examples with 20 wt% zeolite used Ci2, Ci3 and C 1 2 branched hydroxamates. Ci 8 was also used.
  • US 4,863,636 discloses liquid detergent compositions comprising one or more detersive surfactants and one or more of N- hydroxyimide or carboxy hydroxamic acid detergent additives. These compounds serve as active metal ion chelants, leading to improved stain removal.
  • WO 97/48786 discloses a multicomponent system for use with detergent substances, containing an oxidation catalyst, a suitable oxidant, at least one mediator that has been selected from the group of, among others, hydroxamic acids and
  • hydroxamic acid derivatives hydroxamic acid derivatives, a co-mediator, and optionally a low quantity of at least one free amine of each inserted mediator.
  • This system leads to improved bleach function of the detergent, and less consumption of a mediator.
  • GB 1317445 discloses detergent compositions comprising an alkali-metal salt of a hydroxamic acid. The function of this salt is to prevent the corrosion of copper and copper alloys that is utilised in the construction of the washing machines.
  • Copending patent application PCT/EP2009/067193 describes laundry detergent formulations comprising 0.5 to 20% by weight hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate having a structure as specified therein. It is also shown in this document that the primary detergent effect, especially on red clay particulate soil, can be improved when applying these laundry detergent formulations for treating soiled fabric.
  • pretreating step followed by a main wash step whereby the hydroxamic acid is used in the pre-treatment step and the fully built detergent formulation, preferably a fully built detergent powder, is applied in the main wash step.
  • the fully built detergent formulation preferably a fully built detergent powder
  • the present invention provides a method of cleaning laundry, wherein said method comprises the steps of: (I) pre-treating the laundry with a liquid pre-treatment composition; and
  • wash detergent formulation preferably wash detergent powder
  • liquid pre-treatment composition comprises:
  • R is a straight or branched C4- C20 alkyl, or a
  • substitution include one or more of -N3 ⁇ 4, -OH, -S-, -0-, -COOH, and
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen and a moiety that forms part of a cyclic structure with a branched R 1 group
  • detersive surfactant system comprising anionic nonionic, cationic zwitterionic surfactant or a
  • weight ratio a) to b) lies in the range 6: 1 to 1:16000, preferably 1:10 to 1:400, and c) optionally, other ingredients to 100 wt% provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt% and ethanol is present at a level of less than 5 wt% .
  • references to a number of carbon atoms include mixed chain length materials provided that some of the hydroxamate material falls within the ranges specified and the ratios and amounts are determined by excluding any material falling outside of the specified range.
  • the pre-treatment composition may comprise from 1 to 15 wt% soap.
  • the preferred soaps are made from saturated fatty acids .
  • hydrotrope system comprising propylene glycol and glycerol at levels of at least 6 wt%, more preferably at least 10 wt%.
  • the preferred hydroxamates are those where R 2 is Hydrogen and R 1 is Cs to Ci alkyl, preferably normal alkyl, most preferably saturated .
  • Especially preferred pre-treatment compositions comprise at least 0.5 wt% of soil release polymer. This improves the multi wash performance of the detergent system for the removal of the clay. Inclusion of at least 0.5 wt% anti redeposition polymer is also beneficial due to the very high efficiency of primary detergency soil removal meaning that there is an increased level of soil in the wash liquor (particularly in step I of the method) , which must then be prevented from redeposition onto the same or a different piece of fabric.
  • the preferred weight ratio of hydroxamate to detersive surfactant system for optimum
  • particulate red clay soil removal lies in the range 1:10 to 1 : 100.
  • the pre-treatment composition used in the method of the invention comprises a surfactant system including nonionic and anionic surfactant whereby the level of anionic surfactant is 50 to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the surfactant system.
  • Said surfactant system can also suitably contain two different types of anionic surfactant of which the weight ratio lies in the range of 80:20 to 20:80.
  • a first type of anionic surfactant is preferably alkyl benzene
  • alkyl ether sulphate preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl ether sulphate, alkyl sulphate and alkyl carboxylate. More
  • the second type of anionic surfactant is an alkyl ether sulphate.
  • the pre-treatment compositions used in the method of the invention are particularly suitable for use on particulate stains such as soils and clays, especially red clay, and also surprisingly grass. Therefore, in a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a pre-treatment composition applied in the invention for the removal of particulate soils, preferably red clay, most preferably Georgia clay, from
  • the present invention provides the use of 0.005 to 20% by weight hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate of the structure C /OH
  • R 1 is a Cs -C1 normal alkyl group
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom
  • the pre-treatment composition further comprises from 3 to 80 wt% of a detersive surfactant system; and optionally other ingredients to 100 wt% provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt%, and wherein the pre-treated fabrics are washed in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent formulation, preferably a main wash detergent powder, including surfactant and more than 15% by weight builder.
  • hydroxamic acid' or hydroxamate' this encompasses both hydroxamic acid and the corresponding hydroxamate (salt of hydroxamic acid), unless indicated otherwise. All percentages mentioned herein are by weight calculated on the total composition, unless specified otherwise.
  • x wt%' is to be understood as % by weight of the total composition.
  • the stained fabric is treated with the liquid laundry pre- treatment composition comprising hydroxamate according to the invention and the primary detergency is the measured stain removal by the laundry composition on the stain.
  • This is a separate process to so-called soil release using a polymer, which is treatment of fabric with a polymer (through a wash or other such treatment) , with subsequent staining of the fabric, the soil release polymer having the effect of the easier removal of the stain.
  • the textile/ fabric substrates used can be any typical
  • textile/ fabric substrate such as cotton (woven, knitted & denim) , polyester (woven, knitted & micro fibre) , nylon, silk, polycotton (polyester/cotton blends), polyester elastane, cotton elastane, viscose rayon, acrylic or wool.
  • Particularly suitable textile/ fabric substrates are cotton, polycotton and polyester substrates.
  • Particulate stains are stains comprising for example dirt, soil, clay, mud or soot. They are predominately solid in nature and come into contact with fabrics in the course of their regular use.
  • R 1 is an alkyl ether group CH 3 (CH 2 ) n (EO) m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12 then the alkyl moiety terminates this side group.
  • R 1 is chosen from the group consisting of C , C5, Ce, C 7 , C 8 , C9, C 10 , C 11 , or C 12 or C1 normal alkyl group, most preferably R 1 is at least a Cs-i normal alkyl group. When the Cs material is used this is called octyl hydroxamic acid.
  • the potassium salt is particularly useful.
  • hydroxamic acids whilst less preferred, are suitable for use in the present invention.
  • suitable compounds include, but are not limited to, the following compounds :
  • Such hydroxamic acids are commercially available.
  • the hydroxamate acts by binding to metal ions that are present in the soil on the fabric. This binding action, which is, in effect, the known sequestrant property of the hydroxamate is not, in itself, of any use to remove the soil from the fabric.
  • the key is the "tail" of the hydroxamate i.e. the group R 1 minus any branching that folds back onto the amate Nitrogen via group R .
  • the tail is selected to have an affinity for the surfactant system. This means that the soil removal ability of an already optimised surfactant system is further enhanced by the use of the hydroxamate as it, in effect, labels the
  • particulate material as "soil”
  • surfactant system acting on the hydroxamate molecules now fixed to the particulates via their binding to the metal ions embedded in the clay type particulates.
  • the detersive surfactants will adhere to the hydroxamate, leading overall to more surfactants interacting with the fabric, leading to better soil release.
  • hydroxamic acids act as a linker molecule facilitating the removal and
  • This enhancing of the primary detergency of surfactant systems is especially relevant when using a concentrated liquid pre- treatment detergent compositions having a relatively low pH (7.5-8) as compared to traditional laundering processes with particulate detergent compositions (pH 9-10.5) .
  • the lower pH during the laundry pre-treatment process with liquid detergent compositions may lead to reduced soil release, as the surface charges of the soils are less negative as compared to the higher pH during the conventional well built and buffered laundering processes, achieved with conventional zeolite or phosphate built powder products. This surface charge of the soil may lead to increased repellence of the surfactants by the soil, possibly leading to reduced release of the soil.
  • the hydroxamates are used in a liquid laundry pre-treatment composition, and more preferred the detersive surfactant concentration in said liquid pre- treatment composition is from 20 to 80 wt%.
  • the hydroxamates have a higher affinity for transition metals, like iron, than for alkaline earth metals like calcium and magnesium, therefore the hydroxamic acid primarily acts to improve the removal of soil on fabric, especially particulate soils, and not additionally as a builder for calcium and magnesium. This selectively is especially beneficial if the laundering composition is underbuilt; especially when it comprises less than 5 wt% zeolite or phosphate builder.
  • the pre-treatment laundry detergent composition in which the hydroxamate is used comprises a detersive surfactant system at a concentration from 3 to 80 wt%.
  • a detersive surfactant system we mean that the surfactants therein provide a
  • detersive i.e. cleaning effect to textile fabrics treated as part of a laundering process.
  • Other surfactants which are not detersive surfactants, can be used as part of the composition.
  • the detersive surfactant is present at a level of from 5 to 60 wt%, more preferably from 10 to 50 wt%. Even more preferably, the detersive surfactant system comprises at least
  • any surfactant may be used as detersive
  • surfactants including anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations thereof .
  • nonionic and anionic surfactants of the surfactant system may -if present- be chosen from the
  • ⁇ ⁇ surfactant' shall be defined as amphiphilic molecules with a molecular weight of less than about 10,000, unless otherwise noted, which are substantially free of any functional groups that exhibit a net charge at the normal wash pH of 6-11.
  • nonionic surfactant Any type of nonionic surfactant may be used, although preferred materials are further discussed below.
  • Highly preferred are fatty acid alkoxylates, especially ethoxylates, having an alkyl chain of from C 8 -C 3 5, preferably C 8 -C 3 o, more preferably C10-C2 , especially Cio-Cis carbon atoms, for example, the Neodol range from Shell (The Hague, The Netherlands); ethylene
  • oxide/propylene oxide block polymers which may have molecular weight from 1,000 to 30,000, for example, Pluronic (trademark) from BASF ( Ludwigshafen, Germany) ; and alkylphenol ethoxylates, for example Triton X-100, available from Dow Chemical (Midland, Mich. , USA) .
  • nonionic surfactants may also be considered. These include condensates of alkanolamines with fatty acids, such as cocamide DEA, polyol-fatty acid esters, such as the Span series available from Uniqema (Gouda, The Netherlands), ethoxylated polyol-fatty acid esters, such as the Tween series available from Uniqema (Gouda, The Netherlands), alkylpolyglucosides , such as the APG line available from Cognis (Diisseldorf,
  • n-alkylpyrrolidones such as the Surfadone series of products marketed by ISP (Wayne, N.J., USA)
  • nonionic surfactants not specifically mentioned above, but within the definition, may also be used.
  • the more preferred nonionic surfactants are the fatty acid ethoxylates with an average degree of ethoxylation of 7, alkoxylates with one propylene oxide and multiple ethylene oxide units, seed oil based surfactant, such as Ecosurf SA7 or SA9 available from Dow Chemical, APGs, and branched alcohol Guerbet nonionics.
  • Anionic surfactants' are defined herein as amphiphilic
  • molecules comprising one or more functional groups that exhibit a net anionic charge when in aqueous solution at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • Preferred anionic surfactants are the alkali metal salts of organic sulphur reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 6 to 24 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulphonic and sulphuric acid ester radicals.
  • anionic surfactant hereinafter described may be used, such as alkyl ether sulphates, soaps, fatty acid ester sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, sulphosuccinate esters, primary alkyl sulphates, olefin sulphonates, paraffin
  • surfactants are the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid carboxylates , fatty alcohol sulphates, preferably primary alkyl sulfates, more preferably they are ethoxylated, for example alkyl ether sulphates; alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl ester fatty acid sulphonates, especially methyl ester fatty acid sulphonates and mixtures thereof.
  • Cationic r amphoteric surfactants and/or zwitterionic surfactants are the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid carboxylates , fatty alcohol sulphates, preferably primary alkyl sulfates, more preferably they are ethoxylated, for example alkyl ether sulphates; alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl ester fatty acid sulphonates, especially methyl ester fatty acid sulphonates and mixtures thereof.
  • cationic, amphoteric surfactants and/or zwitterionic surfactants may be present in the liquid laundry pre-treatment compositions in which the hydroxamate is used as cosurfactant according to the invention.
  • Preferred cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula RiR 2 R. 3 RN + X ⁇ , for example where Ri is a C ⁇ 2 ⁇ Ci alkyl group, R 2 and R 3 are methyl groups, R is a
  • liquid laundry pre-treatment composition in which the hydroxamate is used according to the invention further comprises an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant.
  • Amphoteric surfactants are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
  • amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is present at a level of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight.
  • Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified as those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, sulfonium and phosphonium compounds with one long chain group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and at least one water solubilizing radical selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate or phosphonate.
  • a general formula for these compounds is: R !
  • Ri contains an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to 10 ethylene-oxy groups or from 0 to 2 glyceryl units;
  • Y is a nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorous atom;
  • R 2 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
  • x is 1 when Y is a sulphur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorous atom;
  • R 3 is an alkyl or
  • hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms and Z is radical selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate or phosphonate.
  • amphoteric surfactants are amine oxides, for example coco dimethyl amine oxide.
  • Detergency builders are amine oxides, for example coco dimethyl amine oxide.
  • liquid laundry pretreatment compositions in which the hydroxamate is used preferably comprise low levels of
  • the amounts of the inorganic builders zeolite and phosphate are less than 5 wt%.
  • the main wash detergent formulation used in step (II) of the method of the invention preferably comprises surfactant material and more than 15% by weight of builder.
  • Said main wash detergent is preferably a main wash detergent powder.
  • the builder used both in the pretreatment step (I) of the method of the invention is selected from the group of alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates (e.g. sodium
  • organic builders such as citrates (e.g. sodium citrate), succinates, sulphamates and malonates, and any combination of these.
  • the organic builders are preferred. They may be used at levels of 1 wt% or more, up to, say, 50 wt%.
  • Organic builders that may be present in the liquid pre- treatment composition include polycarboxylate polymers such as polyacrylates and acrylic/maleic copolymers; polyaspartates ; monomeric polycarboxylates such as citrates, gluconates, oxydisuccinates , glycerol mono-di- and trisuccinates ,
  • dipicolinates hydroxyethyliminodiacetates , alkyl- and
  • alkenylmalonates and succinates alkenylmalonates and succinates; and sulphonated fatty acid salts .
  • Organic builders may be used in minor amounts. Especially preferred organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts of from 1 to 30 wt%, preferably from 1.5 to 10 wt%; and acrylic polymers, more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt%, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%.
  • Builders both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal salt, especially sodium salt, form.
  • the liquid pre-treatment formulation may include one or more optional ingredients to enhance performance and properties. While it is not necessary for these elements to be present in order to practice this invention, the use of such materials is often very helpful in rendering the formulation acceptable for consumer use.
  • optional components include, but are not limited to: hydrotropes, fluorescent whitening agents, photobleaches , fibre lubricants, reducing agents, enzymes, enzyme stabilising agents (such as borates and polyols), powder finishing agents, defoamers, bleaches, bleach catalysts, soil release agents, especially soil release polymers for cotton or polyester or both, antiredeposition agents, especially antiredeposition polymers, dye transfer inhibitors, buffers, colorants,
  • fragrances pro-fragrances, rheology modifiers, anti-ashing polymers, preservatives, insect repellents, soil repellents, water-resistance agents, suspending agents, aesthetic agents, structuring agents, sanitisers, solvents, including aqueous and non-aqueous solvents, fabric finishing agents, dye fixatives, wrinkle-reducing agents, fabric conditioning agents and
  • These optional ingredients may further include any one or more of the following: soap, peroxyacid and persalt bleaches, bleach activators, sequestrants , cellulose ethers and esters, other antiredeposition agents, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, other inorganic salts, fluorescers, photobleaches, polyvinyl
  • the main wash detergent formulation used in the 2 nd step of the method of the invention may also suitably contain one or more of the optional ingredients mentioned hereinabove.
  • the main wash laundry detergent formulation may suitably contain a bleach system based on peroxy bleach compounds, for example, inorganic persalts or organic peroxyacids, capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.
  • peroxy bleach compounds include organic peroxides such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalts such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates , perphosphates , persilicates and persulphates .
  • Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium perborate monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium percarbonate.
  • sodium percarbonate having a protective coating against destabilisation by
  • Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating comprising sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao) .
  • the peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight.
  • the peroxy bleach compound may be used in conjunction with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low wash temperatures.
  • the bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 2 to 5% by weight.
  • Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid
  • An especially preferred bleach precursor suitable for use in the present invention is N, N, N ' , N ' -tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) .
  • TAED tetracetyl ethylenediamine
  • peroxybenzoic acid precursors in particular, N, N, N-trimethylammonium toluoyloxy benzene sulphonate.
  • a bleach stabiliser may also be present in the main wash detergent powder.
  • Suitable bleach stabilisers include ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and the polyphosphonates such as Dequest (Trade Mark), EDTMP.
  • the said powder to contain no bleach and to rely on the improved clay stain removal derived from the novel hydroxamate and surfactant combinationpresent in the liquid pre-treatment composition used in the 1 st step of the method of the invention.
  • the main wash detergent formulation may also contain one or more enzymes. Suitable enzymes include the proteases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases, peroxidases and lipases usable for incorporation in detergent compositions.
  • Said detergency enzymes are commonly employed in granular form in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt%. However, any suitable physical form of enzyme may be used in any effective amount .
  • Antiredeposition agents for example cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, may also be present.
  • the main wash detergent formulation may also contain soil release polymers, for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Mark) HP22.
  • soil release polymers for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Mark) HP22.
  • soil release polymers for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Mark) HP22.
  • Sokolan Trade Mark
  • the pre-treatment composition used in the first step of the method of the invention is in the liquid form.
  • said composition contains a hydrotrope to solubilise the ingredients thereof.
  • Ethanol is preferably avoided.
  • Preferred hydrotropes are propylene glycol and glycerol. Based on this teaching the skilled person will be able to select other hydrotropes that avoid the use of highly volatile solvents like ethanol without the need for inventive activity.
  • the main wash detergent powders preferably used in the second step of the method of the invention may be of low to moderate bulk density. In that case they may be prepared by spray-drying slurry, and optionally post dosing (dry-mixing) further
  • Routes available for powder manufacture include spray drying, drum drying, fluid bed drying, and scraped film drying devices such as the wiped film evaporator.
  • a preferred form of scraped film device is a wiped film evaporator.
  • One such suitable wiped film evaporator is the Cryex system' based on a wiped film evaporator available from Ballestra S.p.A.
  • the main wash powder may be a Concentrated' or Compact' powder.
  • Such powders may be prepared by mixing and granulating processes, for example, using a high-speed
  • mixer/granulator or other non-tower processes.
  • SRI is a measure of how much of a stain on textile is removed during a washing process.
  • the intensity of any stain can be measured by means of a reflectometer in terms of the difference between the stain and a clean cloth giving ⁇ * for each stain. It is defined as ⁇ * and is calculated as:
  • L*, a*, and b* are the coordinates of the CIE 1976 ( L*, a*, b*) colour space, determined using a standard reflectometer .
  • ⁇ * can be measured before and after the stain is washed, to give
  • a SRI of 100 means complete removal of a stain.
  • ⁇ after wash is the difference in L a b colour space between the clean (unwashed) fabric and the stain after wash. So a ⁇ after wash of zero means a stain that is completely removed. Therefore, a SRI aw (aw: after wash) of 100 is a completely removed stain.
  • the clean (or virgin) fabric is an "absolute standard" which is not washed. For each experiment, it refers to an identical piece of fabric to that to which the stain is applied. Therefore, its point in L a b colour space stays constant . Determination of SRI-values
  • the Tergometer wash protocol For the determination of the SRI -values, a standard protocol was used, called the Tergometer wash protocol.
  • Said Tergometer wash protocol is as follows:
  • Example 1 Removal of a Indian Red Soil on knitted polyester, preteated with a liquid Formualtion and then washed using a powder formulation
  • the surfactants present therein are sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate (Na LAS anionic) and alkyl ether sulfate (SLES 3EO Ex Unilever) . Furthermore, formulation B contains a Coco
  • Table 3 shows the clear benefit in removal when pretreating stain with a formulation containing alkyl hydroxamic acid.
  • Example 2 Removal of a Indian Red Soil on knitted polyester and woven cotton, preteated with Liquid
  • the surfactants present therein are sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate (Na LAS anionic) and alcohol ethoxylate (Neodol 25- 7) .
  • formulation E contains a Coco Hydroxamic Acid (Ex AXIS House), as shown in Table 4. Other standard laundry ingredients were also included. The pH of these formulations was buffered to between 7 and 8.5. The formulations were made using demineralised water.
  • the powder product used in this example was the same as that of example 1.
  • Table 5 shows the clear benefit in removal when pretreating stain with a formulation containing alkyl hydroxamic acid.

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of cleaning laundry, comprises the steps of: (I) pre-treating the laundry with a liquid pre-treatment composition; and (II) washing the thus-pre-treated laundry in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent formulation, preferably a main wash detergent powder. The liquid pre-treatment composition used in said method comprises (a) 0.005 to 20 wt% hydroxamate and (b)3 to 80 wt% of detersive surfactant system,wherein the weight ratio a) to b) lies in the range 6: 1to 1:16000, preferably 1:10 to 1:400. It was found that enhanced detergency, in particular with respect to particulate soils stains removal, can be obtained when applying the method of the present invention.

Description

Method of cleaning laundry
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the use of hydroxamic acid and its corresponding salts in laundry detergent compositions with low levels of zeolite and phosphate builder, leading to
improved detergency and stain removal.
Background of the invention
Improvement of stain removal is one of the constant goals of the detergent industry, as this may lead to savings on the use of chemicals in detergent compositions, or may lead to washing at lower temperatures, and/or for shorter times, and therewith saving energy. Therefore, there is still an interest to improve the detergency effect, especially the primary detergency effect of laundry detergent compositions on textile stains, for example particulate stains, such as stains comprising soils or clay, or plant based stains, such as grass. Especially
particulate stains are difficult to remove during the
laundering process.
Hydroxamic acids are a class of chemical compounds in which a hydroxylamine is inserted into a carboxylic acid. The general structure of a hydroxamic acid is the following:
o Formula 1 in which R is an organic residue, for example alkyl or
alkylene groups. The hydroxamic acid may be present as its corresponding alkali metal salt, or hydroxamate. The hydroxamates may conveniently be formed from the corresponding hydroxamic acid by substitution of the acid hydrogen atom by a cation:
(Formula 2)
L+ is a monovalent cation such as for example the alkali metals (e.g. potassium, sodium), or ammonium or a substituted
ammonium.
Hydroxamic acids and hydroxamates are known to be useful as metal chelators. They have also been used in detergent
compositions in order to improve bleaching performance, as well as use as a builder substance.
EP 388 389 A2 discloses bleach free under built liquid
detergent compositions containing hydroxamic acids and their derivatives which assist in the removal of bleachable wine stains from fabrics during laundering. Hydroxamic acids as in formula 1 are disclosed, wherein R1 represents an optionally substituted straight- or branched chain C5- C21 alkyl or C5- C21 alkenyl group or an optionally-substituted phenyl group, and R' represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, or an optionally-substituted phenyl group. One of the examples shows an improved bleaching performance when a
hydroxamate is used in a detergent composition in hard water (20° German hardness, which is about 143 milligram calcium per litre) . The examples use C12 linear, C12 branched, C13 branched and Cis hydroxamates in detergent formulations comprising mixtures of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant. In examples I, II and IV there is an excess of nonionic surfactant of at least 1.25 to 1 and in example III there is 100% anionic surfactant. The liquids also contain at least 6 wt% ethanol, which assists in solubilising the long chain hydroxamates
EP 384 912 A2 discloses the use of hydroxamic acids and their derivatives as stabilizers for peroxygen bleach compounds in built, mainly granular, detergent compositions. Fully
formulated detergent powder examples with 20 wt% zeolite used Ci2, Ci3 and C12 branched hydroxamates. Ci8 was also used.
US 4,874,539 discloses polymeric carboxy hydroxamic acids useful as detergent additives, especially as metal ion
chelating agents, and also leading to improved tea stain removal from a test cloth, as compared to a detergent powder without a metal ion chelating agent.
US 4,863,636 discloses liquid detergent compositions comprising one or more detersive surfactants and one or more of N- hydroxyimide or carboxy hydroxamic acid detergent additives. These compounds serve as active metal ion chelants, leading to improved stain removal. WO 97/48786 discloses a multicomponent system for use with detergent substances, containing an oxidation catalyst, a suitable oxidant, at least one mediator that has been selected from the group of, among others, hydroxamic acids and
hydroxamic acid derivatives, a co-mediator, and optionally a low quantity of at least one free amine of each inserted mediator. This system leads to improved bleach function of the detergent, and less consumption of a mediator. GB 1317445 discloses detergent compositions comprising an alkali-metal salt of a hydroxamic acid. The function of this salt is to prevent the corrosion of copper and copper alloys that is utilised in the construction of the washing machines.
Copending patent application PCT/EP2009/067193 describes laundry detergent formulations comprising 0.5 to 20% by weight hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate having a structure as specified therein. It is also shown in this document that the primary detergent effect, especially on red clay particulate soil, can be improved when applying these laundry detergent formulations for treating soiled fabric.
It is known that this beneficial detergent effect cannot be obtained when using the hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate in a fully built detergent in particular when the builder mainly contains zeolite and/or phosphate and/or
carbonate builder.
In this connection, it is an object of the present invention to provide an effective method for cleaning fabric wherein both a fully built detergent formulation and hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate are used.
It has now surprisingly been found that this object could be achieved by a method of cleaning fabric comprising a
pretreating step followed by a main wash step whereby the hydroxamic acid is used in the pre-treatment step and the fully built detergent formulation, preferably a fully built detergent powder, is applied in the main wash step. Definition of the invention
Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention provides a method of cleaning laundry, wherein said method comprises the steps of: (I) pre-treating the laundry with a liquid pre-treatment composition; and
(II) washing the thus-pre-treated laundry in a wash liquo comprising a main wash detergent formulation, preferably wash detergent powder,
wherein the liquid pre-treatment composition comprises:
(a) 0.005 to 20 wt% hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate of the structure
o
wherein R is a straight or branched C4- C20 alkyl, or a
straight or branched substituted C4- C20 alkyl, ora straight or branched C4- C20 alkenyl, or a straight or branched substituted C4- C20 alkenyl, or an alkyl ether group CH3 (CH2)n (EO)m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12, or a substituted alkyl ether group CH3 ( CH2 ) n (EO)m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12, and
the types of substitution include one or more of -N¾, -OH, -S-, -0-, -COOH, and
and R2 is selected from hydrogen and a moiety that forms part of a cyclic structure with a branched R1 group,
b) 3 to 80 wt% of detersive surfactant system comprising anionic nonionic, cationic zwitterionic surfactant or a
combination thereof, wherein the weight ratio a) to b) lies in the range 6: 1 to 1:16000, preferably 1:10 to 1:400, and c) optionally, other ingredients to 100 wt% provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt% and ethanol is present at a level of less than 5 wt% . It should be understood that references to a number of carbon atoms include mixed chain length materials provided that some of the hydroxamate material falls within the ranges specified and the ratios and amounts are determined by excluding any material falling outside of the specified range.
Soap is not included in the calculation of anionic surfactant amounts and ratios.
However, the pre-treatment composition may comprise from 1 to 15 wt% soap. The preferred soaps are made from saturated fatty acids .
It is undesirable to have ethanol present at all as it is an explosion hazard during manufacture, and subsequently. If a high level of surfactant is present, it is desirable to seek alternative hydrotrope systems. We prefer a hydrotrope system comprising propylene glycol and glycerol at levels of at least 6 wt%, more preferably at least 10 wt%. The preferred hydroxamates are those where R2 is Hydrogen and R1 is Cs to Ci alkyl, preferably normal alkyl, most preferably saturated .
Especially preferred pre-treatment compositions comprise at least 0.5 wt% of soil release polymer. This improves the multi wash performance of the detergent system for the removal of the clay. Inclusion of at least 0.5 wt% anti redeposition polymer is also beneficial due to the very high efficiency of primary detergency soil removal meaning that there is an increased level of soil in the wash liquor (particularly in step I of the method) , which must then be prevented from redeposition onto the same or a different piece of fabric. In the pre-treatment composition, the preferred weight ratio of hydroxamate to detersive surfactant system for optimum
particulate red clay soil removal lies in the range 1:10 to 1 : 100.
Preferably the pre-treatment composition used in the method of the invention comprises a surfactant system including nonionic and anionic surfactant whereby the level of anionic surfactant is 50 to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the surfactant system.
Said surfactant system can also suitably contain two different types of anionic surfactant of which the weight ratio lies in the range of 80:20 to 20:80. In such surfactant system, a first type of anionic surfactant is preferably alkyl benzene
sulphonate and the second type of anionic surfactant is
preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl ether sulphate, alkyl sulphate and alkyl carboxylate. More
preferably, the second type of anionic surfactant is an alkyl ether sulphate.
The pre-treatment compositions used in the method of the invention are particularly suitable for use on particulate stains such as soils and clays, especially red clay, and also surprisingly grass. Therefore, in a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a pre-treatment composition applied in the invention for the removal of particulate soils, preferably red clay, most preferably Georgia clay, from
polyester and cotton fabrics. Furthermore, in a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of 0.005 to 20% by weight hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate of the structure C /OH
R1 N
R2
wherein R1 is a Cs -C1 normal alkyl group, and R2 is a hydrogen atom, in a laundry pre-treatment composition, for improving the particulate soils stain removal from a textile substrate, wherein the pre-treatment composition further comprises from 3 to 80 wt% of a detersive surfactant system; and optionally other ingredients to 100 wt% provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt%, and wherein the pre-treated fabrics are washed in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent formulation, preferably a main wash detergent powder, including surfactant and more than 15% by weight builder.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Whenever either the term hydroxamic acid' or hydroxamate' is used in this specification, this encompasses both hydroxamic acid and the corresponding hydroxamate (salt of hydroxamic acid), unless indicated otherwise. All percentages mentioned herein are by weight calculated on the total composition, unless specified otherwise. The
abbreviation xwt%' is to be understood as % by weight of the total composition. The stained fabric is treated with the liquid laundry pre- treatment composition comprising hydroxamate according to the invention and the primary detergency is the measured stain removal by the laundry composition on the stain. This is a separate process to so-called soil release using a polymer, which is treatment of fabric with a polymer (through a wash or other such treatment) , with subsequent staining of the fabric, the soil release polymer having the effect of the easier removal of the stain.
The following definitions pertain to chemical structures, molecular segments and substituents :
Molecular weights of monomers and polymers are expressed as weight average molecular weights, except where otherwise specified.
The textile/ fabric substrates used can be any typical
textile/ fabric substrate, such as cotton (woven, knitted & denim) , polyester (woven, knitted & micro fibre) , nylon, silk, polycotton (polyester/cotton blends), polyester elastane, cotton elastane, viscose rayon, acrylic or wool. Particularly suitable textile/ fabric substrates are cotton, polycotton and polyester substrates.
Particulate stains are stains comprising for example dirt, soil, clay, mud or soot. They are predominately solid in nature and come into contact with fabrics in the course of their regular use.
Hydroxamic acid and derivatives
The general structure of a hydroxamic acid in the context of the present invention has been indicated in formula 3, and R1, is as defined above. When R1, is an alkyl ether group CH3 (CH2)n (EO)m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12 then the alkyl moiety terminates this side group. Preferably, R1 is chosen from the group consisting of C , C5, Ce, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, or C12 or C1 normal alkyl group, most preferably R1 is at least a Cs-i normal alkyl group. When the Cs material is used this is called octyl hydroxamic acid. The potassium salt is particularly useful.
octano drcixainic acid K salt
However, other hydroxamic acids, whilst less preferred, are suitable for use in the present invention. Such suitable compounds include, but are not limited to, the following compounds :
Lysine Hyd roxamate*HCI
Methionine Hydroxamate Norvaline Hydroxamate
Such hydroxamic acids are commercially available.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, we believe that the hydroxamate acts by binding to metal ions that are present in the soil on the fabric. This binding action, which is, in effect, the known sequestrant property of the hydroxamate is not, in itself, of any use to remove the soil from the fabric. The key is the "tail" of the hydroxamate i.e. the group R1 minus any branching that folds back onto the amate Nitrogen via group R . The tail is selected to have an affinity for the surfactant system. This means that the soil removal ability of an already optimised surfactant system is further enhanced by the use of the hydroxamate as it, in effect, labels the
difficult to remove particulate material (clay) as "soil" for removal by the surfactant system acting on the hydroxamate molecules now fixed to the particulates via their binding to the metal ions embedded in the clay type particulates. The detersive surfactants will adhere to the hydroxamate, leading overall to more surfactants interacting with the fabric, leading to better soil release. Therewith the hydroxamic acids act as a linker molecule facilitating the removal and
suspension of the particulate soil from the fabric into a wash liquor and thus boosting the primary detergency.
This enhancing of the primary detergency of surfactant systems is especially relevant when using a concentrated liquid pre- treatment detergent compositions having a relatively low pH (7.5-8) as compared to traditional laundering processes with particulate detergent compositions (pH 9-10.5) . The lower pH during the laundry pre-treatment process with liquid detergent compositions may lead to reduced soil release, as the surface charges of the soils are less negative as compared to the higher pH during the conventional well built and buffered laundering processes, achieved with conventional zeolite or phosphate built powder products. This surface charge of the soil may lead to increased repellence of the surfactants by the soil, possibly leading to reduced release of the soil. Hence, in the method of the invention the hydroxamates are used in a liquid laundry pre-treatment composition, and more preferred the detersive surfactant concentration in said liquid pre- treatment composition is from 20 to 80 wt%. The hydroxamates have a higher affinity for transition metals, like iron, than for alkaline earth metals like calcium and magnesium, therefore the hydroxamic acid primarily acts to improve the removal of soil on fabric, especially particulate soils, and not additionally as a builder for calcium and magnesium. This selectively is especially beneficial if the laundering composition is underbuilt; especially when it comprises less than 5 wt% zeolite or phosphate builder. Surfactants
The pre-treatment laundry detergent composition in which the hydroxamate is used comprises a detersive surfactant system at a concentration from 3 to 80 wt%. By a detersive surfactant system, we mean that the surfactants therein provide a
detersive, i.e. cleaning effect to textile fabrics treated as part of a laundering process. Other surfactants, which are not detersive surfactants, can be used as part of the composition.
Preferably, the detersive surfactant is present at a level of from 5 to 60 wt%, more preferably from 10 to 50 wt%. Even more preferably, the detersive surfactant system comprises at least
20, or 30 or even 40 wt% of the composition.
In general, any surfactant may be used as detersive
surfactants, including anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations thereof .
In general, the nonionic and anionic surfactants of the surfactant system may -if present- be chosen from the
surfactants described in 'Surface Active Agents' Vol. 1, by Schwartz & Perry, Interscience 1949, Vol. 2 by Schwartz, Perry & Berch, Interscience 1958, in the current edition of
'McCutcheon ' s Emulsifiers and Detergents' published by Manufacturing Confectioners Company or in
>Tenside-Taschenbuch' , H. Stache, 2nd Edn., Carl Hauser Verlag, 1981. Nonionic surfactant
For the purposes of this disclosure, ληοηίοηίο surfactant' shall be defined as amphiphilic molecules with a molecular weight of less than about 10,000, unless otherwise noted, which are substantially free of any functional groups that exhibit a net charge at the normal wash pH of 6-11.
Any type of nonionic surfactant may be used, although preferred materials are further discussed below. Highly preferred are fatty acid alkoxylates, especially ethoxylates, having an alkyl chain of from C8-C35, preferably C8-C3o, more preferably C10-C2 , especially Cio-Cis carbon atoms, for example, the Neodol range from Shell (The Hague, The Netherlands); ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block polymers which may have molecular weight from 1,000 to 30,000, for example, Pluronic (trademark) from BASF ( Ludwigshafen, Germany) ; and alkylphenol ethoxylates, for example Triton X-100, available from Dow Chemical (Midland, Mich. , USA) .
Other nonionic surfactants may also be considered. These include condensates of alkanolamines with fatty acids, such as cocamide DEA, polyol-fatty acid esters, such as the Span series available from Uniqema (Gouda, The Netherlands), ethoxylated polyol-fatty acid esters, such as the Tween series available from Uniqema (Gouda, The Netherlands), alkylpolyglucosides , such as the APG line available from Cognis (Diisseldorf,
Germany) and n-alkylpyrrolidones , such as the Surfadone series of products marketed by ISP (Wayne, N.J., USA) . Furthermore, nonionic surfactants not specifically mentioned above, but within the definition, may also be used.
The more preferred nonionic surfactants are the fatty acid ethoxylates with an average degree of ethoxylation of 7, alkoxylates with one propylene oxide and multiple ethylene oxide units, seed oil based surfactant, such as Ecosurf SA7 or SA9 available from Dow Chemical, APGs, and branched alcohol Guerbet nonionics.
Anionic surfactant
Anionic surfactants' are defined herein as amphiphilic
molecules comprising one or more functional groups that exhibit a net anionic charge when in aqueous solution at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11.
Preferred anionic surfactants are the alkali metal salts of organic sulphur reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 6 to 24 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulphonic and sulphuric acid ester radicals.
Although any anionic surfactant hereinafter described may be used, such as alkyl ether sulphates, soaps, fatty acid ester sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, sulphosuccinate esters, primary alkyl sulphates, olefin sulphonates, paraffin
sulphonates and organic phosphate; preferred anionic
surfactants are the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid carboxylates , fatty alcohol sulphates, preferably primary alkyl sulfates, more preferably they are ethoxylated, for example alkyl ether sulphates; alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl ester fatty acid sulphonates, especially methyl ester fatty acid sulphonates and mixtures thereof. Cationicr amphoteric surfactants and/or zwitterionic surfactants
Also cationic, amphoteric surfactants and/or zwitterionic surfactants may be present in the liquid laundry pre-treatment compositions in which the hydroxamate is used as cosurfactant according to the invention.
Preferred cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula RiR2R.3RN+ X~, for example where Ri is a C±2 ~ Ci alkyl group, R2 and R3 are methyl groups, R is a
2-hydroxyethyl group, and X~ is a chloride ion. This material is available commercially as Praepagen (Trade Mark) HY from Clariant GmbH, in the form of a 40% by weight aqueous solution.
In a preferred embodiment the liquid laundry pre-treatment composition in which the hydroxamate is used according to the invention further comprises an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups and will exist as zwitterions at the normal wash pH of between 6 and 11. Preferably an
amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is present at a level of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight.
Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified as those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, sulfonium and phosphonium compounds with one long chain group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and at least one water solubilizing radical selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate or phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is: R!(R2)XY+R3Z- wherein Ri contains an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to 10 ethylene-oxy groups or from 0 to 2 glyceryl units; Y is a nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorous atom; R2 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 when Y is a sulphur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorous atom; R3 is an alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms and Z is radical selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate or phosphonate.
Preferred amphoteric surfactants are amine oxides, for example coco dimethyl amine oxide. Detergency builders
The liquid laundry pretreatment compositions in which the hydroxamate is used preferably comprise low levels of
detergency builder, based on the weight of the total
composition. The amounts of the inorganic builders zeolite and phosphate are less than 5 wt%.
On the other hand, the main wash detergent formulation used in step (II) of the method of the invention preferably comprises surfactant material and more than 15% by weight of builder. Said main wash detergent is preferably a main wash detergent powder.
Preferably the builder used both in the pretreatment step (I) of the method of the invention is selected from the group of alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates (e.g. sodium
carbonate), silicates (e.g. layered silicate), and organic builders such as citrates (e.g. sodium citrate), succinates, sulphamates and malonates, and any combination of these. The organic builders are preferred. They may be used at levels of 1 wt% or more, up to, say, 50 wt%.
Organic builders that may be present in the liquid pre- treatment composition include polycarboxylate polymers such as polyacrylates and acrylic/maleic copolymers; polyaspartates ; monomeric polycarboxylates such as citrates, gluconates, oxydisuccinates , glycerol mono-di- and trisuccinates ,
carboxymethyloxysuccinates , carboxy-methyloxymalonates ,
dipicolinates , hydroxyethyliminodiacetates , alkyl- and
alkenylmalonates and succinates; and sulphonated fatty acid salts .
Organic builders may be used in minor amounts. Especially preferred organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts of from 1 to 30 wt%, preferably from 1.5 to 10 wt%; and acrylic polymers, more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt%, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%.
Builders, both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal salt, especially sodium salt, form.
Other optional Ingredients
In addition to the essential components detailed in the claims, the liquid pre-treatment formulation may include one or more optional ingredients to enhance performance and properties. While it is not necessary for these elements to be present in order to practice this invention, the use of such materials is often very helpful in rendering the formulation acceptable for consumer use. Examples of optional components include, but are not limited to: hydrotropes, fluorescent whitening agents, photobleaches , fibre lubricants, reducing agents, enzymes, enzyme stabilising agents (such as borates and polyols), powder finishing agents, defoamers, bleaches, bleach catalysts, soil release agents, especially soil release polymers for cotton or polyester or both, antiredeposition agents, especially antiredeposition polymers, dye transfer inhibitors, buffers, colorants,
fragrances, pro-fragrances, rheology modifiers, anti-ashing polymers, preservatives, insect repellents, soil repellents, water-resistance agents, suspending agents, aesthetic agents, structuring agents, sanitisers, solvents, including aqueous and non-aqueous solvents, fabric finishing agents, dye fixatives, wrinkle-reducing agents, fabric conditioning agents and
deodorizers.
These optional ingredients may further include any one or more of the following: soap, peroxyacid and persalt bleaches, bleach activators, sequestrants , cellulose ethers and esters, other antiredeposition agents, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, other inorganic salts, fluorescers, photobleaches, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone, other dye transfer inhibiting polymers, foam controllers, foam boosters, acrylic and acrylic/maleic
polymers, proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, other detergent enzymes, citric acid, soil release polymers, fabric conditioning compounds, coloured speckles, and perfume.
The main wash detergent formulation used in the 2nd step of the method of the invention may also suitably contain one or more of the optional ingredients mentioned hereinabove.
In particular, the main wash laundry detergent formulation may suitably contain a bleach system based on peroxy bleach compounds, for example, inorganic persalts or organic peroxyacids, capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. Suitable peroxy bleach compounds include organic peroxides such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalts such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates , perphosphates , persilicates and persulphates . Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium perborate monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium percarbonate. Especially preferred is sodium percarbonate having a protective coating against destabilisation by
moisture. Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating comprising sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao) .
The peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight.
The peroxy bleach compound may be used in conjunction with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low wash temperatures. The bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 2 to 5% by weight.
Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid
precursors, more especially peracetic acid precursors and peroxybenzoic acid precursors; and peroxycarbonic acid
precursors. An especially preferred bleach precursor suitable for use in the present invention is N, N, N ' , N ' -tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) . Also of interest are peroxybenzoic acid precursors, in particular, N, N, N-trimethylammonium toluoyloxy benzene sulphonate.
A bleach stabiliser (heavy metal sequestrant) may also be present in the main wash detergent powder. Suitable bleach stabilisers include ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and the polyphosphonates such as Dequest (Trade Mark), EDTMP.
However, notwithstanding the above it is preferred for the said powder to contain no bleach and to rely on the improved clay stain removal derived from the novel hydroxamate and surfactant combinationpresent in the liquid pre-treatment composition used in the 1st step of the method of the invention.
The main wash detergent formulation may also contain one or more enzymes. Suitable enzymes include the proteases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases, peroxidases and lipases usable for incorporation in detergent compositions.
Said detergency enzymes are commonly employed in granular form in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt%. However, any suitable physical form of enzyme may be used in any effective amount .
Antiredeposition agents, for example cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, may also be present.
The main wash detergent formulation may also contain soil release polymers, for example sulphonated and unsulphonated PET/POET polymers, both end-capped and non-end-capped, and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymers such as Sokolan (Trade Mark) HP22. Especially preferred soil release polymers are the sulphonated non-end-capped polyesters
described and claimed in WO 95 32997A (Rhodia Chimie) . Product form and preparation
The pre-treatment composition used in the first step of the method of the invention is in the liquid form. Preferably, said composition contains a hydrotrope to solubilise the ingredients thereof. Ethanol is preferably avoided. Preferred hydrotropes are propylene glycol and glycerol. Based on this teaching the skilled person will be able to select other hydrotropes that avoid the use of highly volatile solvents like ethanol without the need for inventive activity.
The main wash detergent powders preferably used in the second step of the method of the invention may be of low to moderate bulk density. In that case they may be prepared by spray-drying slurry, and optionally post dosing (dry-mixing) further
ingredients. Routes available for powder manufacture include spray drying, drum drying, fluid bed drying, and scraped film drying devices such as the wiped film evaporator. A preferred form of scraped film device is a wiped film evaporator. One such suitable wiped film evaporator is the Cryex system' based on a wiped film evaporator available from Ballestra S.p.A.
Alternative equipment would be the Chemithon the λ Turbo Tube' dryer system wherein a high active surfactant paste is heated and metering to a multi tube, steam- acketed drying vessel.
Alternatively, the main wash powder may be a Concentrated' or Compact' powder. Such powders may be prepared by mixing and granulating processes, for example, using a high-speed
mixer/granulator, or other non-tower processes.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLE S
Measurement of Soil Release Index (SRI)
SRI is a measure of how much of a stain on textile is removed during a washing process. The intensity of any stain can be measured by means of a reflectometer in terms of the difference between the stain and a clean cloth giving ΔΕ* for each stain. It is defined as ΔΕ* and is calculated as:
L*, a*, and b* are the coordinates of the CIE 1976 ( L*, a*, b*) colour space, determined using a standard reflectometer . ΔΕ* can be measured before and after the stain is washed, to give
AE*bw (before wash) and AE*aw (after wash) . SRI is then defined as :
SRI = 1 00 - ΔΕ*
A SRI of 100 means complete removal of a stain. ΔΕ after wash is the difference in L a b colour space between the clean (unwashed) fabric and the stain after wash. So a ΔΕ after wash of zero means a stain that is completely removed. Therefore, a SRIaw (aw: after wash) of 100 is a completely removed stain. The clean (or virgin) fabric is an "absolute standard" which is not washed. For each experiment, it refers to an identical piece of fabric to that to which the stain is applied. Therefore, its point in L a b colour space stays constant . Determination of SRI-values
For the determination of the SRI -values, a standard protocol was used, called the Tergometer wash protocol.
Said Tergometer wash protocol is as follows:
1. Measurement of the colour of the stain on the textile cloth (before washing) .
2. Switch on the Tergometer and set to a temperature of 30°C. 3. Add water of required hardness, leave to heat to 30°C for 10 minutes .
4. Add formulation to each pot and then agitate at 100 rpm for 1 minute
5. Add the stained swatches and ballast into each pot.
6. Start the wash, agitate at 100 rpm and leave to wash for 12 minutes .
7. Rinse with fresh water (26°FH) for 2 minutes.
8. Repeat rinse.
9. Dry overnight in the dark.
10. Read stains after wash.
Example 1: Removal of a Indian Red Soil on knitted polyester, preteated with a liquid Formualtion and then washed using a powder formulation
Two liquid formulations A and B were formulated.
The surfactants present therein are sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate (Na LAS anionic) and alkyl ether sulfate (SLES 3EO Ex Unilever) . Furthermore, formulation B contains a Coco
Hydroxamic Acid (Ex AXIS House), as shown in Table 1. Other standard laundry ingredients were also included. The pH of these formulations was buffered to between 7 and 8.5. The formulations were made using demineralised water.
Table 1 : Liquid formulations used
Furthermore, a main-wash type detergent powder product C including the surfactant alkyl benzene sulphonate was
formulated having the composition shown in Table 2. Table 2: Powder detergent product C
The Indian Red soil on knitted polyester stains tested were treated with 0.8 g of one of the two liquid pre-treatment formulations and then after 5 mins standing time washed in 1L of wash liquor made in 26FH water with 2.8g/L of powder product C. The resultant SRIaw values after applying the two pre- treatment formulations A and B followed by the wash step with powder product C as outlined above are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3: Stain removal values (SRI)
Table 3 shows the clear benefit in removal when pretreating stain with a formulation containing alkyl hydroxamic acid.
Example 2: Removal of a Indian Red Soil on knitted polyester and woven cotton, preteated with Liquid
(Anionic/Nonionic) Formualtions and then washed using a powder formulation
Two liquid formulations D and E were formulated.
The surfactants present therein are sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate (Na LAS anionic) and alcohol ethoxylate (Neodol 25- 7) . Furthermore, formulation E contains a Coco Hydroxamic Acid (Ex AXIS House), as shown in Table 4. Other standard laundry ingredients were also included. The pH of these formulations was buffered to between 7 and 8.5. The formulations were made using demineralised water.
Table 4 : Liquid formulations used
Ingredients LAS/NI (D) LAS/NI+coco
HXA (E)
% in formulation
Glycerol 5.00 5.00
PPG 9.00 9.00
NaOH 4.73 4.73
TEA 3.24 3.24 Citric Acid 0.98 0.98
LAS 27.60 27.60
Neodol 25-7 12.50 12.50
Soap 4.78 4.78
Dequest 2066 0.50 0.50
Coco hydroxamate 0 2
water demin Balance to Balance to
100% 100%
The powder product used in this example was the same as that of example 1.
The Indian Red soil (on knitted polyester and on woven cotton) stains tested were treated with 0.8 g of one of the liquid pretreatment formulations and then after 5 mins standing time washed in 1L of wash liquor made in 26FH water with 2.8g/L of powder product C. The resultant SRIaw after applying these two pre-treatment formulations D and E followed by the wash process with the powder product are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Stain removal values (SRI)
Table 5 shows the clear benefit in removal when pretreating stain with a formulation containing alkyl hydroxamic acid.

Claims

Claims
1. Method of cleaning laundry, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
(I) pre-treating the laundry with a liquid pre-treatment composition; and
(II) washing the thus-pre-treated laundry in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent formulation, preferably a main wash detergent powder,
wherein the liquid pre-treatment composition comprises:
(a) 0.005 to 20 wt% hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate of the structure
o
wherein R is
a straight or branched C4-C20 alkyl, or
a straight or branched substituted C4-C20 alkyl, or
a straight or branched C4-C20 alkenyl, or
a straight or branched substituted C4-C20 alkenyl, or
an alkyl ether group CH3 (CH2)n (EO)m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12, or a substituted alkyl ether group CH3
(CH2)n (EO)m wherein n is from 2 to 20 and m is from 1 to 12, and
the types of substitution include one or more of -N¾, -OH, -S-, -0-, -COOH, and
and R2 is selected from hydrogen and a moiety that forms part of a cyclic structure with a branched R1 group,
b) 3 to 80 wt% of detersive surfactant system comprising anionic nonionic, cationic zwitterionic surfactant or a combination thereof, and wherein the weight ratio a) to b) lies in the range 6: 1 to 1:16000, preferably 1:10 to 1:400, and c) optionally, other ingredients to 100 wt% provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt% and ethanol is present at a level of less than 5 wt% .
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxamate in the pre-treatment composition has a structure wherein R1 is chosen from the group consisting of C , C5, Ce, C7, C8, C9, C10, Cn, C12 or Ci normal alkyl group and R2 is hydrogen.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R1 is a Cs-i normal alkyl group.
4. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the pre- treatment composition comprises a hydrotrope system containing propylene glycol and glycerol.
5. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the pre- treatment composition comprises detergent surfactant at a concentration from 15 to 50 % by weight.
6. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the
surfactant system present in the pre-treatment composition contains anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant whereby the level of anionic surfactant is from 50 to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the surfactant system.
7. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the surfactant system comprises 2 types of anionic surfactant of which the weight ratio lies in the range 80:20 to 20:80.
8. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the weight ratio of hydroxamate to detersive surfactant system in the pre- treatment composition lies in the range of 1:10 to 1:100.
9. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the main wash detergent formulation applied in step (II) comprises surfactant material and more than 15 % by weight builder.
10. Use of a pre-treatment composition as specified in claim 1, for the removal of particulate soils, preferably red clay, most preferably Georgia clay, from polyester and cotton fabrics.
11. Use according to claim 9, wherein the pre-treated fabrics are washed in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent powder including surfactant material and more than 15% by weight builder.
12. Use of 0.005 to 20% by weight hydroxamic acid or its corresponding hydroxamate of the structure o
wherein R is a Cs -C1 normal alkyl group, and R is a hydrogen atom, in a laundry pre-treatment composition, for improving the particulate soils stain removal from a textile substrate, wherein the pre-treatment composition further comprises from 3 to 80 wt% of a detersive surfactant system; and optionally other ingredients to 100 wt%, provided that zeolite, phosphate and carbonate builders are present at less than 5 wt%, and
wherein the pre-treated fabrics are washed in a wash liquor comprising a main wash detergent formulation including
surfactant and more than 15% by weight builder.
EP12708849.0A 2011-03-22 2012-03-15 Method of cleaning laundry Active EP2688995B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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PL12708849T PL2688995T3 (en) 2011-03-22 2012-03-15 Method of cleaning laundry
EP12708849.0A EP2688995B1 (en) 2011-03-22 2012-03-15 Method of cleaning laundry

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EP11159109 2011-03-22
PCT/EP2012/054566 WO2012126801A1 (en) 2011-03-22 2012-03-15 Method of cleaning laundry
EP12708849.0A EP2688995B1 (en) 2011-03-22 2012-03-15 Method of cleaning laundry

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AU (1) AU2012230538B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112013024145B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2830287A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2620244T3 (en)
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EP2917318B1 (en) * 2012-11-09 2016-12-21 Unilever N.V. A composition and method for treating substrates
WO2020251761A1 (en) * 2019-06-14 2020-12-17 Dow Global Technologies Llc Liquid laundry detergent formulation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE759430A (en) 1969-11-27 1971-05-25 Unilever Nv DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
GB2123044B (en) 1982-06-10 1986-02-05 Kao Corp Bleaching detergent composition
US4874539A (en) 1987-08-06 1989-10-17 American Cyanamid Company Carboxy hydroxamic acid polymers and their use as detergent additives
US5093040A (en) * 1987-08-12 1992-03-03 American Cyanamid Company Complex N-hydroxyimide compounds and their use as detergent additives
US4863636A (en) 1988-02-12 1989-09-05 American Cyanamid Company Substituted N-hydroxyphthalimides and their use as detergent additives
EP0384911A3 (en) * 1989-02-21 1991-09-11 Monsanto Company Stabilized compositions containing peroxygen compounds
EP0384912A3 (en) 1989-02-21 1991-09-11 Monsanto Company Hydroxamate bleach stabilizer
GB8906089D0 (en) 1989-03-16 1989-04-26 Monsanto Europe Sa Improved detergent compositions
FR2720400B1 (en) 1994-05-30 1996-06-28 Rhone Poulenc Chimie New sulfonated polyesters and their use as an anti-fouling agent in detergent, rinsing, softening and textile treatment compositions.
EP0845026A1 (en) 1996-06-19 1998-06-03 CALL, Hans-Peter Dr. Multicomponent system for use with detergent substances
GB0810881D0 (en) * 2008-06-16 2008-07-23 Unilever Plc Improvements relating to fabric cleaning
CN102257109B (en) * 2008-12-17 2013-11-20 荷兰联合利华有限公司 Laundry detergent composition

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EP2688995B1 (en) 2017-01-04
CN103502413A (en) 2014-01-08
ES2620244T8 (en) 2021-08-24
WO2012126801A1 (en) 2012-09-27
ZA201307327B (en) 2015-01-28
ES2620244T3 (en) 2017-06-28
BR112013024145B1 (en) 2020-11-03
CA2830287A1 (en) 2012-09-27
AU2012230538A1 (en) 2013-10-17
AU2012230538B2 (en) 2014-10-09
CN103502413B (en) 2016-03-23
BR112013024145A2 (en) 2016-12-20

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