EP2686460A1 - Revêtement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de revêtement - Google Patents
Revêtement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de revêtementInfo
- Publication number
- EP2686460A1 EP2686460A1 EP12714242.0A EP12714242A EP2686460A1 EP 2686460 A1 EP2686460 A1 EP 2686460A1 EP 12714242 A EP12714242 A EP 12714242A EP 2686460 A1 EP2686460 A1 EP 2686460A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- platelet
- plasma jet
- shaped particles
- particles
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 69
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009500 colour coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Al].[Cu].[Zn] MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
- Y10T428/257—Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for applying a coating to a substrate, in which by passing a working gas through an excitation zone a plasma jet of a
- the invention relates to a coating on a substrate of at least partially intergrown platelet-shaped particles and the use of platelet-shaped particles.
- a known method is the plasma spraying, in which a by a
- Arc of a plasma burner flowing gas or gas mixture is ionized.
- a highly heated, electrically conductive gas with a temperature of up to 20,000 K is generated.
- this plasma jet powder usually injected in a particle size distribution between 5 to 120 ⁇ , which is melted by the high plasma temperature.
- the plasma jet entrains the powder particles and places them on the substrate to be coated.
- the plasma coating by way of plasma spraying can be under normal
- Atmosphere done.
- the high gas temperatures of over ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ are required to melt the powder and thus be able to deposit as a layer. So that's it Plasma spraying energetically very expensive, creating a cost-effective
- Coating of substrates is often not possible.
- expensive apparatus must be used to produce the high temperatures. Due to the high temperatures, temperature-sensitive and / or very thin substrates, such as polymer films and / or paper, can not be coated. Due to the high thermal energy, such substrates are involved
- a further disadvantage is that during plasma spraying, a high thermal load of the particles used occurs, as a result of which they can at least partially oxidize, in particular when metallic particles are used. This is particularly disadvantageous when metallic layers are to be deposited, for example, for printed conductors or as
- Corrosion protection should be used. For these reasons, methods have been developed which use so-called atmospheric cold plasma, also referred to as low temperature plasma, to create layers on substrates.
- a cold plasma jet is generated at atmospheric conditions by methods known in the art and introduced into the plasma jet, a powder, which is then deposited on the substrate.
- Precursor material are fed into a plasma and reacted there, whereby only relatively low deposition rates of 300 - 400 nm / sec can be achieved. These are compared to the deposition rates, which are achieved in corresponding processes with powdery starting materials, even with the use of particles which are in the order of 100 ⁇ , by a factor of 10-1000 lower. Accordingly, is an economic
- EP 1 675 971 B1 is another method for coating a substrate surface using a plasma jet of a
- Low-temperature plasma known to which a fine-grained, coating-forming powder in a size of 0.001 - 100 ⁇ is supplied by means of a powder conveyor.
- the temperature of a low-temperature plasma in the core of the plasma jet at ambient pressure reaches less than 900 degrees Celsius.
- EP 1 675 971 B1 specifies temperatures in the core of the occurring plasma jet of up to 20,000 degrees Celsius.
- a disadvantage is that powders of materials with higher melting points, e.g. ceramic materials or refractory metals, can not be melted in the process.
- the speed of the plasma jet is so high that the residence time of the small particles of the powder in the hot zones of the plasma is insufficient to achieve a complete melting of the particles. Therefore, in materials having an elevated melting temperature (for example, Ag, Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, W), at most, melting of the particle surface occurs, and a porous layer in which the particles are almost in their formation
- the method is therefore primarily suitable for coating substrates with low-melting metals such as tin and zinc.
- the object of the invention is to provide a generic method for applying a coating to a substrate, wherein the required Reaction energy, in particular for melting, breaking up of atomic or molecular assemblies, deagglomerating and atomizing
- Coating materials is reduced, so that a perfect coating especially with coating materials with higher
- Coating can be specified.
- the object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned in that platelet-shaped particles having an average thickness H between 10 and 50,000 nanometers and a form factor F in the value range from 10 to 2000 are fed into the plasma jet directed onto the substrate.
- the platelet-shaped particles preferably have an average thickness H of between 50 and 5,000 nm, more preferably between 100 and 2,000 nm.
- the exact mean thickness H of the 10 platelet-shaped particles is determined by the degree of water coverage (spread to DIN 55923) and / or by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- the shape factor is defined as the ratio of the mean linear expansion D to the mean thickness H of the platelet-shaped particles.
- Form factor 10 the particles have a value for the middle
- Length expansion D of 0.1 ⁇ on. If platelet-shaped particles with an average thickness H of 50,000 nm and a form factor 10 are used in the method according to the invention, the particles have a value for the middle one Length expansion D of 500 ⁇ on. The desired mean length expansion of the particles depends strongly on the respective
- the feeding of the platelet-shaped particles into the plasma jet does not necessarily have to take place in the gaseous state, but can also be carried out in the liquid or solid state Feed of the platelet-shaped particles, however, by means of a carrier gas for the
- the feed opening of the jet generator is connected via a line with a vortex chamber.
- the vortex chamber is listed as a closed container and filled at most up to a maximum level with the platelet-shaped particles.
- the platelet-shaped particles are acted upon by at least one gas inlet with a pressurized carrier gas, in particular in a periodic sequence, whereby the fluidized platelet-shaped particles together with the carrier gas as a mixture via at least one above the maximum level of the vortex chamber arranged outlet from the container
- the periodic loading of the platelet-shaped particles in the vortex chamber with the carrier gas takes place at a frequency in the range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz.
- the particles are subjected to the carrier gas in succession over several gas inlets.
- the gas inlet (s) can open directly into the usually existing supply of platelet-shaped particles.
- the plasma jet is generated under a pressure in a pressure range of 0.5-1.5 bar, but preferably under the conditions of ambient pressure. It is also called an atmospheric plasma. Quite surprisingly, it has been found that with the use of platelet-shaped particles, layers with outstanding properties can also be produced with metals of higher melting point and non-metals. The higher specific surface area of platelet-shaped particles compared to spherical particles is probably responsible for the very good properties.
- platelet-shaped particles and is defined as follows:
- nanoparticles are characterized by a reduced melting point compared to the macromaterial. Such nanoparticles have a very large surface area in relation to their volume. This means that they have far more atoms on their surface than larger particles. Since atoms on the surface are less binding partners available, as atoms in the core of the particle, such atoms are very reactive. Because of this, they can be much more involved with particles in their immediate environment Interaction occur as is the case with macroparticles.
- the platelet-shaped particles used in the invention have a significantly increased surface area compared to mass-like spherical particles. The surface of a spherical particle with a radius of 1 ⁇ is opposite to a
- the increased surface area of the platelet-shaped particles enhances binding between the deposited particles with each other as well as between the particles and the substrate.
- a further advantage of the platelet-shaped particles is that their specific larger surface compared with mass-like spherical particles covers the substrate to be coated more efficiently. In particular with opaque coatings, therefore, the coating process can be done with less
- the shape factor is defined as the ratio of the mean linear expansion D to the mean thickness H of the platelet-shaped particles. If platelet-shaped particles having an average thickness H of 10 nm and a shape factor 10 are used in the method according to the invention, the particles have a value for the mean longitudinal extent D of 0.1 ⁇ m. Be in the inventive
- the particles When the method uses platelet-shaped particles having an average thickness H of 50,000 nm and a shape factor 10, the particles have a value for the mean longitudinal extent D of 500 ⁇ m.
- the desired mean longitudinal expansion of the particles depends strongly on the respective coating purpose.
- a better orientation of the platelet-shaped particles deposited on the substrate can be ensured. This is of particular interest in color coatings of surfaces.
- the thickness distribution is an important parameter for the characterization of platelet-shaped particles according to the invention
- Thickness distribution exist in the prior art no measuring devices that can easily determine this value. A determination is therefore made by default by determining the thickness of a statistically sufficient number
- the particles are dispersed, for example in a paint and then applied to a film.
- the coated film is then cut with a suitable tool so that the cut runs through the paint. Subsequently, the prepared film is introduced into the SEM such that the observation direction is perpendicular to the cut surface. In this way, the majority of the particles are viewed from the side so that their thickness can be easily determined. »The determination is carried out by default by marking the corresponding boundaries using a suitable tool such as the SEM devices of Manufacturer supplied software packages. For example, the determination can be carried out by means of a REM device of the Leo series of the manufacturer Zeiss (Germany) and the software Axiovision 4.6 (Zeiss, Germany). The thickness distribution of the platelet-shaped particles is not homogeneous. The
- Thickness distribution is expediently represented in the form of a cumulative passage curve.
- the mean value is the hso value of
- the thickness distribution can also be described with the Hi 0 or H 90 value.
- the platelet-shaped particles are preferably by means of a
- Carrier gas is fed into the plasma jet.
- platelet-shaped particles in the plasma jet need not necessarily be in the gaseous state, but can also be in the liquid or solid state.
- the volume flow of the carrier gas is preferably in a range of 1 l / min to 1 5 l / min and the pressure in a range between 0.5 bar to 2 bar.
- Homogeneous feeding of the platelet-shaped particles into a core zone of the plasma jet with a gas temperature of less than 900 degrees Celsius preferably takes place transversely to the propagation direction of the plasma jet.
- Such platelet-shaped particles can be prepared by various methods. Depending on whether they are metallic or non-metallic materials, such as, for example, ceramic or oxidic materials, different methods of production can be used.
- the production of metallic platelet-shaped particles preferably takes place by mechanical deformation of powders, in particular metal powders. The mechanical deformation usually takes place in mills, in particular in
- Rotary tube ball mills etc.
- the mechanical deformation is usually carried out by wet milling, ie by grinding the powder together with solvent, in particular organic solvent such as white spirit, and in the presence of lubricants or wetting and / or dispersing additives such as oleic acid, stearic acid etc ..
- the grinding takes place in Presence of grinding media, usually grinding balls, wherein the ball diameter is usually in a range of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 4.0 mm.
- the grinding media are usually made of ceramic, glass or metal, such as steel.
- steel balls are used as grinding bodies.
- Such a deformation is described for example in DE 10 2007 062 942 A1, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the powder used is preferably classified by size and this is then mechanically deformed to obtain platelet-shaped particles in a size distribution with a D50 value from 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the classification can be carried out, for example, with air classifiers, cyclones, sieves and / or other known devices.
- the metal particles can be measured in the form of a dispersion of particles.
- the scattering of the irradiated laser light is in
- the particles are treated mathematically as spheres.
- the determined diameters always relate to the equivalent spherical diameter averaged over all spatial directions, irrespective of the actual shape of the metal particles. It determines the size distribution, which is calculated in the form of a volume average (based on the equivalent spherical diameter). This volume-averaged size distribution can i.a. when
- Summed passage curve are shown.
- the sum curve in turn is usually characterized simplifying by certain characteristics, z.
- the D50 or D90 value By a D90 value is meant that 90% of all particles are below the specified value. In other words, 10% of all Particles above the specified value. At a D50 value, 50% of all particles are below and 50% of all particles are above the specified value.
- the powder may first be ground and then classified by size in order to obtain the platelet-shaped particles according to the invention having a size distribution with a D50 value from a range from 1 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the size distribution between 1, 5 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ . According to a very preferred embodiment, it is between 2 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ .
- the degree of purity of the metals is preferably more than 70 wt .-%, more preferably more than 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably more than 95 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the metal, the alloy or
- the metal the metal mixture or metal alloy can be melted under heat, for example, and then converted into a powder by atomization or by application to rotating components.
- metallic powders produced in this way have a particle size distribution with an average size (D 50 value) in the range from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 80 ⁇ m.
- non-metallic layers are to be applied to substrates, preferably non-metallic platelet-shaped particles are used in the
- Coating process used In this case, completely oxidized or even partially oxidized, e.g. only surface-oxidized educts are used. Such can be generated by targeted oxidation of metallic platelet-shaped particles. This oxidation can be carried out by all methods known to the person skilled in the art. Further oxidation is possible in particular in oxygen-containing plasmas and, depending on the amount of energy input and the coating material, the rule. By adjusting the oxygen content in the working gas, oxidation can optionally be controlled.
- the metallic particles may be by gas phase oxidation and / or by Liquid phase oxidation are oxidized.
- the oxidation is carried out in a liquid or by combustion in a gas stream.
- the oxidation is carried out in a liquid phase or liquid
- this is preferably done by first distributing the powder in the liquid phase or liquid. This can be done with or without addition of excipients and with or without the input of energy.
- the dispersion takes place without the addition of auxiliaries and with stirring.
- the liquid can be an inert
- the dispersion either begins immediately or is initiated by the addition of an oxidizing agent and / or oxidation catalyst and / or by increasing the temperature.
- the oxidation may already begin during the dispersion. Whether the oxidation reaction starts immediately depends on the chosen combination of liquid / metallic powder and possibly catalyst presence.
- the oxidation is preferably started by adding an oxidizing agent and / or oxidation catalyst.
- an oxidizing agent is sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and other oxidizing agents known to those skilled in the art.
- oxidation catalysts are metals, metal salts, acids and bases. In particular, in the case of the addition of acids and bases, the addition is preferably carried out so that a pH value suitable for the oxidation reaction is set in the reaction mixture.
- the reaction is preferably maintained until the metal is at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, even more preferably at least 99% by weight, based on the total weight the metallic particle is present in a non-zero oxidation state.
- particles are completely present as metal oxide after the oxidation treatment.
- the metal oxide content can be determined experimentally by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the temperature can be raised, lowered or kept constant.
- a further addition of one or more oxidizing agents and / or oxidation catalysts can take place, whereby the oxidation process can be controlled.
- additional chemical reactions may be initiated and / or further reaction components.
- Components for example metals or metal oxides, are incorporated into the resulting metal oxide particles, for example as doping.
- the chemical and physical properties of the metal oxide particles, their size and their morphology can be adjusted specifically. Preference is given to
- the metal oxide particles can be separated from the liquid in which the oxidation was carried out.
- the separation can be carried out by directly removing the liquid from the reaction mixture. This can be done by methods known in the art such as thermal drying, preferably in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the separation of the liquid takes place after a first concentration of the solid has been carried out by a simple process, in particular by filtration.
- the metal oxide particles may optionally be subjected to annealing, i. be supplied to an additional temperature treatment.
- annealing or this temperature treatment in particular the chemical composition and / or the crystal structure of the above
- metal oxide particles are changed.
- the temperatures of such a temperature treatment are typically above 200 ° C but below the melting or decomposition temperature.
- the duration is typically a few minutes to a few hours.
- aluminum hydroxide prepared by reacting aluminum metal powder in water by heating
- Alumina are converted. With further temperature treatment in the range between 800 ⁇ ⁇ and 1300 ⁇ ⁇ , the crystal structure of the
- Alumina can be adjusted specifically. Thus, for example, converts v- Al 2 O 3 upon heating to temperatures greater than 800 ° C in oc-Al 2 O 3 in order.
- non-metallic platelet-shaped particles can also be produced directly.
- platelet particles can be made from crystalline, semi-crystalline or amorphous material.
- glass flakes are produced in which a jet of molten glass is poured onto a rotating, cup or cup-shaped vessel. Due to the rotation of the vessel, the glass melt is squirted out of the vessel in the form of a thin lamella. During this process, the melt solidifies, forming platelet-shaped particles of glass.
- non-metallic platelet-shaped particles may be obtained by mechanical delamination of layered materials, e.g. Phyllosilicates, are generated.
- the platelet-shaped particles may consist of different materials.
- metallic particles these may consist, for example, of aluminum, zinc, tin, titanium, iron, copper, silver, gold, tungsten, nickel, lead, platinum, silicon, further alloys or mixtures thereof.
- aluminum, copper, zinc and tin or alloys or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- non-metallic particles these may consist, for example, of oxides or hydroxides of the metals already mentioned or of other metals.
- the particles may consist of glass, layer silicates such as mica or bentonites.
- the particles may consist of carbides, silicates and sulfates.
- the recovery and processing for the process of suitable particles may also be by other means (e.g., artificially by crystallization, drawing, etc.), breeding methods, or conventional scouring and flotation, etc.).
- the particles may also be organic and inorganic salts.
- the particles may consist of pure or mixed homo-, co-, block- or prepolymers or plastics or mixtures thereof, but also be organic pure or mixed crystals or amorphous phases.
- the particles may also consist of mixtures of at least two materials.
- the platelet-shaped particles have at least one, preferably enveloping coating.
- the at least simple coating can be, for example, a protective layer against corrosion, which is also referred to as a corrosion protection layer.
- the platelet-shaped particles according to the invention can, for example, with be provided at least one metal oxide layer.
- Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and / or metal oxide hydrates are preferably carried out by precipitation, by sol-gel methods or by wet-chemical oxidation of the particle surface.
- Oxides, hydroxides and / or hydrated oxides of silicon, aluminum, cerium, zirconium, yttrium, chromium and / or mixtures / admixtures thereof are preferably used for the metal oxide coating.
- oxides, hydroxides and / or hydrated oxides of silicon and / or aluminum are used. Most preferred are oxides, hydroxides and / or hydrated oxides of silicon.
- the layer thicknesses of the metal oxide layers are in the range from preferably 5 to 150 nm, preferably from 10 to 80 nm, more preferably from 1 5 to 50 nm.
- a protective layer against corrosion a protective layer of organic polymers can also be applied.
- Polyacrylate and / or polymethacrylate coatings have proven to be very suitable.
- passivation layers can also be applied.
- the mechanism of action of the passivation layers is complex. For inhibitors, it is mostly based on steric effects.
- the inhibitors are usually in low concentrations of the order of 1 wt .-% to 1 5 wt .-%, based on the
- the following coating substances are preferably used:
- R alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aryl-alkyl and alkyl ethers, in particular ethoxylated alkyl ethers and
- R1 may be the same or different than R2.
- each alkyl is branched or
- R1 may be the same or different from R2.
- Heterocycles such as thiourea derivatives, sulfur and / or nitrogen compounds of higher ketones, aldehydes and / or alcohols
- the passivating inhibitor layer can also consist of the aforementioned substances. Preference is given to organic phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric esters or mixtures thereof.
- Amine compounds have these preferably organic radicals having more than 6 carbon atoms. Preference is given to the abovementioned amines together with organic phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric esters or mixtures thereof used.
- Passivating anticorrosion coatings which ensure particularly good corrosion protection in the case of platelet-shaped metallic particles, comprise or consist of silicon oxide, preferably silicon dioxide,
- Chromium alumina preferably by chromating, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, alumina, polymerized plastic resin (s), phosphate, phosphite or borate compounds or mixtures thereof.
- silicon dioxide layers and chromium aluminum oxide layers Preference is given to silicon dioxide layers and chromium aluminum oxide layers (chromating). Further preferred are cerium oxide, hydroxide or
- the SiCV layers are preferably by sol-gel method with
- average layer thicknesses of 10-150 nm and preferably 15-40 nm in organic solvents.
- the listed coatings can be combined, so that, for example, in a particular embodiment of the invention particles a coating of a Si0 2 layer with subsequently applied
- the highest possible packing density of the deposited particles is equal to a layer that is as similar as possible to a closed, non-particulate layer, thus a layer that corresponds to the ideal base material.
- a high packing density is achieved if the particles retain their shape and structure as far as possible during the coating process and are still present as individual particles, in particular in the resulting layer. Such behavior is demonstrated by the particles as described, if they are made of higher-melting metals (melting point> 500 ° C) and non-metallic
- the coatings which can be produced by the process according to the invention on the substrate of platelet-shaped particles which are at least partially intergrown with one another can be produced without a binder between the coating and the substrate.
- the prerequisite for the production of coatings without binder between layer and substrate is the use of
- the device comprises a jet generator with an inlet for the supply of a flowing working gas and an outlet for a guided from the working gas plasma jet, the beam generator two connectable to an AC or a pulsed DC voltage source electrodes to form a
- the plasma jet platelet-shaped particles can be fed.
- the working gas of the device are supplied via the inlet ionizable gases, in particular pressurized air, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or hydrogen.
- the working gas is previously cleaned so that it is free of oil and lubricant.
- the gas stream in a conventional jet generator is between 1 0 to 70 l / min, in particular between 1 0 to 40 l / min, at a speed of the working gas between 1 0 to 1 00 m / s, in particular between 10 to 50 m / s.
- the beam generator further comprises two, in particular coaxially spaced apart electrodes, which are connected to an AC voltage, but in particular a pulsed DC voltage source. Between the electrodes, the discharge path is formed.
- the pulsed DC voltage of the DC voltage source is preferably between 500 V to 12 kV.
- the pulse frequency is between 10 to 100 kHz, but in particular between 10 to 50 kHz.
- Electrons and the heavy ions can form. This results in a low temperature load of the injected platelet-shaped particles.
- Coating process with the jet generator according to the invention is preferably controlled such that the plasma jet of
- Low temperature plasma in the core zone has a gas temperature of less than
- the platelet-shaped particles reach a region in which a direct plasma excitation takes place through the plasma jet.
- the required reaction energy is kept as low as possible.
- the feed opening is located immediately adjacent to the outlet for the plasma jet in the region of the discharge path.
- the feed is below the outlet of the device, which is basically possible, it is only an indirect
- Plasma excitation by the gas-guided plasma jet which is energetically unfavorable.
- the method of the invention can be used to coat a variety of substrates.
- Substrates may be, for example, metals, wood, plastics or paper.
- the substrates can be present in the form of geometrically complex shapes, such as components or finished goods but also as a film or sheet.
- the coatings which can be produced by the process according to the invention on the substrate of platelet-shaped particles which are at least partially intergrown with one another can be produced without a binder between the coating and the substrate.
- a prerequisite for the production of coatings without binder between layer and substrate is the use of platelet-shaped particles of a
- optically and electromagnetically reflecting or absorbing optically conductive, semiconducting or insulating layers, diffusion barriers for gases and liquids,
- conductive layers can also be used as shields, as electrical contacts, as sensor surfaces and as antennas, in particular RFID (radio
- Frequency Identification antennas
- the coatings can be applied over a large area, so that they cover the substrate to a large extent (greater than 70% of the surface of the substrate).
- the layers can also be applied over a small area, in particular in the form of webs or as sub-areas, which cover less than 10% of the area of the substrate.
- a relative movement between the substrate and the beam generator during the coating is not required.
- the layers can also be applied in the form of patterns, which are preferably adapted to the desired functionality. The generation of geometric patterns can also be done, for example, by the use of masks.
- the apparatus comprises a jet generator with an inlet for the supply of a flowing working gas and an outlet for a plasma jet guided by the working gas, the jet generator two with an AC or a pulsed
- the working gas of the device are supplied via the inlet ionizable gases, in particular pressurized air, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or hydrogen.
- the working gas is previously cleaned so that it is free of oil and lubricant.
- the gas stream in a conventional jet generator is between 10 to 70 l / min, in particular between 10 to 40 l / min, at a
- Speed of the working gas between 10 to 100 m / s, in particular between 10 to 50 m / s.
- the jet generator further comprises two, in particular coaxially spaced electrodes arranged with an AC voltage,
- the pulsed DC voltage of the DC voltage source is preferably between 500 V to 12 kV.
- the pulse frequency is between 10 to 100 kHz, but in particular between 10 to 50 kHz. Due to the pulsed operation of the DC voltage source is thereof
- Coating process with the jet generator according to the invention is preferably controlled such that the plasma jet of the low-temperature plasma in the core zone has a gas temperature of less than 900 degrees Celsius,
- the feed opening in the region of the discharge gap between the electrodes of the jet generator, the platelet-shaped particles reach a region in which a direct plasma excitation takes place through the plasma jet.
- the required reaction energy is kept as low as possible.
- the feed opening is located immediately adjacent to the outlet for the plasma jet in the region of the discharge path. Is this done?
- the feeding of the platelet-shaped particles preferably takes place by means of a carrier gas for the platelet-shaped particles.
- the vortex chamber is listed as a closed container and at most up to a maximum level with the
- the platelet-shaped particles are acted upon by at least one gas inlet with a pressurized carrier gas, in particular in a periodic sequence, whereby the fluidized platelet-shaped particles together with the carrier gas as a mixture over at least one above the maximum level of the vortex chamber arranged outlet from the container in the direction of the feed opening of the jet generator flow.
- the periodic loading of the platelet-shaped particles in the vortex chamber with the carrier gas takes place at a frequency in the range from 1 Hz to 100 Hz.
- Gas inlets with the carrier gas applied can open directly into the usually existing supply of platelet-shaped particles.
- the gas inlet or inlets it is also possible to arrange the gas inlet or inlets above the maximum fill level of the particles in the vortex chamber so that the carrier gas strikes the surface of the particles.
- the size-thickness ratio of a particle sample from the examples listed was determined from the evaluation of SEM images.
- the longitudinal diameter was determined by means of Cilas 1064 and the thickness of a statistical number (at least 100) of particles and calculated the average size-thickness ratio by quotient of longitudinal diameter to thickness.
- Separation of the aluminum powder was carried out first in a cyclone, wherein there deposited powdered Aluminiumgr imagine a D50 14-17 ⁇ possessed.
- a multicyclone was used in succession, the pulverulent aluminum powder deposited in this having a D50 of 2.3 to 2.8 ⁇ m.
- the gas-solid separation was carried out in a filter (Fa. Alpine, Thailand) with metal elements (Pall). Here was the finest fraction
- platelet-shaped particles (aluminum): In a 5 L glass reactor, 300 g of a shaped aluminum powder described in Example 2 were dispersed in 1000 ml of isopropanol (VWR, Germany) by stirring with a propeller stirrer. The suspension was heated to 78 ° C. Subsequently, 5 g of a 25 wt .-% ammonia solution (VWR, Germany) were added. After a short time, a strong gas evolution was possible to be watched. Three hours after the first addition of ammonia, another 5 g of 25% by weight ammonia solution was added. After a further three hours, 5 g of 25% by weight ammonia solution were again added. The suspension was further stirred overnight.
- VWR isopropanol
- Example 4 Preparation of non-metallic platelet-shaped particles (aluminum oxide) by temperature treatment of non-metallic
- platelet-shaped particles (aluminum hydroxide).
- Material Difference to the uncalcined. Material is the particle diameter slightly larger and the zeta potential in the entire pH range positive.
- the XRD analysis shows theta-AI203.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the beam generator of Figure 1 in
- the first electrode 4 is designed as a pin electrode, while the spaced second
- Electrode 5 is formed as an annular electrode. The distance between the tip of the pin electrode 4 and the ring electrode 5 forms a discharge path 16.
- a jacket 7 of electrically conductive material is arranged concentrically to the pin electrode 4 and insulated from the pin electrode 4.
- the annular electrode 5, opposite end face of the jet generator 1, the working gas 3 is supplied via an inlet 21.
- the inlet 21 is located on a frontally placed on the hollow cylindrical jacket 7, the pin electrode 4-holding sleeve 22 of electrically insulating material.
- a feed opening 9 Immediately adjacent to the extending in the axial direction of the jet generator 1 outlet 8 is transverse to the longitudinal extent of a feed opening 9, via which the plasma jet 2 platelet-shaped particles 10 are fed.
- the feed opening 9 of the jet generator 1 is connected for this purpose via a line 12 with a vortex chamber 1 1, are stored in the platelet-shaped particles 10.
- the vortex chamber 1 1 is filled at most up to a maximum level 13 with the platelet-shaped particles 10. Below the maximum level 13 opens in the vortex chamber 1 1, an inlet 23 for a carrier gas 14 under a
- the particles 10 are fluidized in the space above the maximum level 20 and reach via an outlet 15, the conduit 12 and the feed opening 9 in the discharge path 16 of the jet generator. 1
- Voltage source 6 increases, during each pulse, the voltage applied between the electrodes 4, 5, to between the electrodes 4, 5, the ignition voltage for the formation of an arc between the electrodes 4, 5 is applied. Due to the conductive shell 7, it also leads to discharges in the direction of the inner
- Electrodes 4, 5 conductive.
- the voltage source 6 is preferably designed such that it generates a voltage pulse with an ignition voltage for the arc discharge and a pulse frequency which causes the arc to extinguish between two consecutive voltage pulses. As a result, there is a pulsed gas discharge in the plasma jet 2.
- the pulse frequency is preferably in a range between 10 kHz to 100 kHz, in the illustrated embodiment at 50 kHz.
- the voltage of the voltage source 6 is a maximum of 12 kV. As working gas 3 compressed air is used, with 40 l / min are supplied in the normal operating condition.
- Embodiment not only a punctiform coating on the substrate 20 is to be generated, it is in an embodiment of the invention the possibility that the plasma jet 2 and the substrate 20, during the application of the
- Relative movement can be effected by moving the substrate 20, for example on a movable table in the horizontal plane.
- the beam generator 1 is arranged on an XY moving unit that is movable at least in a plane parallel to the substrate 20, so that the generator can be moved relative to the substrate at a defined speed.
- Relative movement can be webs or even full-surface coatings of the substrate 20 produce.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011001312 | 2011-03-16 | ||
DE102011001982 | 2011-04-12 | ||
PCT/EP2012/054530 WO2012123530A1 (fr) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-03-15 | Revêtement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de revêtement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2686460A1 true EP2686460A1 (fr) | 2014-01-22 |
Family
ID=45954611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12714242.0A Withdrawn EP2686460A1 (fr) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-03-15 | Revêtement ainsi que procédé et dispositif de revêtement |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140023856A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2686460A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5888342B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20140052982A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103415644B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012123530A1 (fr) |
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DE102011052121A1 (de) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Eckart Gmbh | Beschichtungsverfahren nutzend spezielle pulverförmige Beschichtungsmaterialien und Verwendung derartiger Beschichtungsmaterialien |
DE102011052118A1 (de) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Eckart Gmbh | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung auf einem Substrat, Beschichtung und Verwendung von Partikeln |
CN108950459A (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2018-12-07 | 埃卡特有限公司 | 用于基材涂布的方法以及含有添加剂的粉末涂料材料在该方法中的用途 |
DE102011052120A1 (de) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Eckart Gmbh | Verwendung speziell belegter, pulverförmiger Beschichtungsmaterialien und Beschichtungsverfahren unter Einsatz derartiger Beschichtungsmaterialien |
KR101853110B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-20 | 2018-04-27 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 고융점 금속 코팅 방법 |
US11684995B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2023-06-27 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Cost effective cartridge for a plasma arc torch |
US11432393B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2022-08-30 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Cost effective cartridge for a plasma arc torch |
US11278983B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2022-03-22 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Consumable cartridge for a plasma arc cutting system |
US10456855B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2019-10-29 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Consumable cartridge for a plasma arc cutting system |
US9981335B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2018-05-29 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Consumable cartridge for a plasma arc cutting system |
DE102014103025A1 (de) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-10 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Substrates, Verwendung des Substrats und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung |
US20150340131A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Eduardo Ferreira Loures | Armadillo Equipment |
CN111604576B (zh) | 2014-08-12 | 2023-07-18 | 海别得公司 | 用于等离子弧焊炬的成本有效的筒 |
DE102014219275A1 (de) | 2014-09-24 | 2016-03-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Zündung von Flammen eines elektropositiven Metalls durch Plasmatisierung des Reaktionsgases |
DE102014222238A1 (de) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-04 | Inp Greifswald E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines kalten Plasmas mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Kammer |
US9666415B2 (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-05-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Heated air plasma treatment |
JP2018523896A (ja) | 2015-08-04 | 2018-08-23 | ハイパーサーム インコーポレイテッド | 液冷プラズマアークトーチ用カートリッジ |
DE102015117558A1 (de) | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Lpkf Laser & Electronics Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von strukturierten Beschichtungen auf einem Formteil und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
CN106304591B (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-03-08 | 成都测迪森生物科技有限公司 | 一种低温等离子体射流装置 |
US11357093B2 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2022-06-07 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Nozzle assembly, device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet, use thereof, method for plasma treatment of a material, in particular of a fabric or film, plasma treated nonwoven fabric and use thereof |
DE102017122059A1 (de) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Plasma Innovations GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Endoberfläche und Leiterplatte |
EP3911794A4 (fr) * | 2019-02-19 | 2022-11-02 | Xefco Pty Ltd | Système de traitement et/ou de revêtement de substrats |
US20210105888A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated nozzles for arc torches |
KR20230023215A (ko) | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-17 | 이창훈 | 세라믹 코팅 시스템 및 방법 |
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- 2012-03-15 WO PCT/EP2012/054530 patent/WO2012123530A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-03-15 EP EP12714242.0A patent/EP2686460A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-15 CN CN201280012705.4A patent/CN103415644B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 JP JP2013558432A patent/JP5888342B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 KR KR1020137027300A patent/KR20140052982A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-09-16 US US14/027,738 patent/US20140023856A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103415644B (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
JP5888342B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
WO2012123530A1 (fr) | 2012-09-20 |
JP2014511941A (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
CN103415644A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
KR20140052982A (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
US20140023856A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
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