EP2684204B1 - Circuit breaker system for guidesystem for the electrical supply of a vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a line switch system for a line system for the electrical supply of a vehicle. The invention further relates to a line switch for a line switch system. The invention further relates to a method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system.

Catenary systems in rail technology are characterized among other things by their large spatial extent and the sometimes large number of possible switching configurations. These switching options usually require a large number of disconnectors or catenary switches on the track. These disconnectors are usually designed as a mast separator, so mounted on a catenary mast on the track. As a rule, the switches are remotely controlled. This means, in particular, that they are connected via a multicore copper line to a remote control station or a main control system and from there receive both electrical energy for a drive motor and control commands and transmit the position reports there. Here, a separate cable is routed from the remote control station to the mast for each circuit breaker or catenary switch. Thus, by means of appropriate control methods, a mast separator can be controlled by means of switching commands and feedback via the multicore cable. For this purpose, however, in the case of a three- or four-wire cable, both a special control electronics (ESN module) in the remote control station and a special circuit in the disconnector drive are required.

A disadvantage of the known catenary systems is in particular that for the control and the feedback of the circuit breaker complex control electronics and circuits required are. Due to their complexity, these can be susceptible to interference by interfering signals. Furthermore, due to the separate cables, the telecontrol station must have a corresponding number of cable connections, which leads to considerably complex circuit diagrams.

The publication DE 36 27 971 A1 shows an arrangement for controlling catenary disconnectors, wherein control parts are provided for a corresponding control. The control units are connected to a telecontrol substation as a subscriber to a serial bus.

The publication DE 36 03 751 A1 shows an information transfer system for transferring binary information between a central device and modular peripheral modules via a bus system. The bus system is designed as a serial ring shift register. Between the peripheral modules and the bus, an interface unit is interposed, which allows a parallel transfer of Einzelbinärinformationen.

The publication EP 0 340 973 A2 shows an electrical control system for controlling and / or monitoring multiple power sources.

The publication DE 42 01 468 A1 shows a bus system with integrated power supply for participants of the bus system.

The patent DE 42 24 266 C1 shows a monitoring device for a plurality of electrical switches in inductive, capacitive, optical or mechanical sensors.

The publication DE 36 27 971 A1 shows a mainboard comprising a processor area, which is connected by means of a memory bus with a memory module. The memory module has a plurality of DRAMs and an interface circuit on which a transmission line of the memory module can terminate.

The object underlying the invention can therefore be seen to provide a line switch system for a line system for the electrical supply of a vehicle, which overcomes the known disadvantages and allows a simple and noise-insensitive transmission of signals, wherein a number of cable connections can be reduced.

The object underlying the invention can also be seen in providing a corresponding line switch for a line switch system for a line system for the electrical supply of a vehicle.

The object on which the invention is based can furthermore also be seen in the specification of a corresponding method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system for a line system for the electrical supply of a vehicle.

These objects are achieved by means of the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of each dependent subclaims.

In one aspect, a circuit breaker system for a vehicle electrical system power system is provided. The line switch system comprises at least one line switch and a signal generator. The line switch is in this case connected in series with the signal generator for forming a closed electrical current loop. That is, in particular, that the line switch is formed in such a way to be electrically connected in series with the signal generator so that the signal generator forms a closed electrical current loop with the line switch.

In another aspect, a line switch for the line switch system is provided. Such a line switch is particularly adapted to be connected in series with the signal generator to form a closed current loop.

In another aspect, there is provided a method of communicating a signal in the circuit breaker system. Here, the signal generator is connected in series with the line switch, so that the signal generator forms a closed electric current loop with the line switch. The signal can then be transmitted in this closed electrical current loop.

The invention thus includes the idea of connecting a line switch with a signal generator in series, so that the signal generator and the line switch form a closed electric current loop. Such a closed current loop is insensitive to interfering signals, so that the line switch system can be used in an advantageous manner even under operating conditions having interference signals. Furthermore, to form an electric closed current loop only a few and easy to produce so cheap components needed. Thus, material can be saved in an advantageous manner. Furthermore, such a closed current loop is less complex in terms of circuitry than the known circuits with separate control cables. The electric current loop is formed in particular by means of the signal generator, the line switch and electrical connections between the signal generator and the line switch. This means that, for example, an electrical connection leads from the signal generator to the line switch and leads back a further electrical connection from the line switch to the signal generator. An electrical connection may generally include, for example be electrical cable or a power line of a multi-core cable.

For the purposes of the present invention, a vehicle may, for example, be a train, a locomotive, a locomotive, a bus, a tram or a subway. The vehicle may, for example, be rail-guided.

A line in the sense of the present invention may be, for example, a catenary, for example a rail, in particular a busbar, and / or a catenary. The line system according to the present invention comprises one or more lines, in particular overhead lines. A catenary may in particular also include a railway switch, which may also be referred to below as a switch. The line system can be, for example, a line system for the electrical supply of the vehicle.

According to one embodiment, the line switch may be formed as a catenary switch. The catenary switch comprises in particular an electrical contacting device of the line system, which can be switched or controlled by means of the transmitted signals. The contacting device is in particular formed so as to electrically contact a contact line in order to supply it with electrical energy. The contacting device comprises, for example, a drive, in particular a mast separator drive, and for example a contact arm driven by the drive for contacting the contact line in order to supply the contact line with electrical energy. The catenary switch is preferably arranged on a catenary mast at a driving distance of the vehicle. Such a catenary switch on a catenary mast can be referred to in particular as a mast separator. Preferably, the drive and the contact arm are connected to each other by means of a mechanical linkage.

The catenary switch is formed in particular as a high-voltage switch, in particular as a circuit breaker, circuit breaker, load switch, switch disconnector, disconnector, earthing disconnector, short-circuiter or as Schnellerder.

A line system comprising a catenary switch can be referred to in particular as a catenary switch system.

In one embodiment, the line switch may also be formed as a point heater switch. Such a point heater switch switches or controls in particular a point heater. Such a point heating switch can preferably be constructed analogously to the catenary switch, wherein in particular a control is provided for controlling an electrical switch heating, wherein the control of the switch heater is preferably carried out in dependence on the current and / or voltage values measured in the current loop.

In another embodiment, the line switch may also be formed as a short-circuit signaling relay.

According to another embodiment, a plurality of line switches may be formed. The line switches may preferably be the same or different.

The signal generator is in particular configured to transmit signals, for example control signals, to the line switch. In particular, the signal generator can also be set up to receive signals from the line switch and in particular also to evaluate them. Such signals may include, for example, diagnostic signals and / or circuit state signals. A circuit state signal comprises, in particular, the information as to whether in the case of a catenary switch the catenary switch the overhead line from an electrical supply network disconnects or electrically contacted with this or whether in the case of a point heating switch, the point heater is switched on or off or whether in the case of a short-circuit signaling relay, the line has a short circuit or not.

According to a preferred embodiment, the line switch system comprises a plurality of line switches, which can be connected in series with the signal generator, so that the line switch and the signal generator form a closed electric current loop. The multiple line switches are so far in series with the signal generator for forming a closed electric current loop. The current loop is preferably formed by means of the signal generator, the plurality of line switches and corresponding electrical connections between the line switches and the signal generator. Thus, advantageously, a line system with a large spatial extent can be constructed. In particular, the plurality of line switches and the signal generator by means of a common multi-core cable, in particular, by means of a three-wire cable, preferably by means of a four-wire cable connected to each other. The closed current loop is formed here in particular by means of the signal generator, the cable and the line switch. Also, in the embodiment with only one line switch such a multi-core cable can be provided for connection between the signal generator and the line switch. The line switches can be the same or different.

In another embodiment, the line switch has a switch for interrupting the current loop. This makes it possible, in particular, for the current loop to be interrupted at this point. The detection of such an interruption can be understood as a signal similar to a Morse signal. Preferably, the current loop can be interrupted and closed again by means of the switch, so that signals can be transmitted analogous to Morsen.

In another embodiment, the line switch has a switchable terminating resistor for the current loop. Preferably, the terminating resistor is switched on by means of a switch for connecting the terminating resistor. In particular, opening the switch causes the terminating resistor to be switched out of the current loop. When an electrical voltage is applied to the current loop, a voltage drop across the termination resistor can be measured. Preferably, a sensor for measuring an electrical variable in the current loop is provided for this purpose. In particular, the sensor is a voltage sensor and / or a current sensor. In particular, a plurality of sensors may be provided which are formed differently or the same. Depending on the applied voltage on the current loop, the measured value of the voltage drop in the terminating resistor will change accordingly. A signal, which is thus applied to the current loop by means of a voltage modulation, thus leads to a modulated voltage drop across the terminating resistor, so that thereby the transmitted signal can be detected in the line switch.

In a further embodiment, the signal transmitter has a signal switch for interrupting the current loop. Thus, the signal generator can advantageously interrupt the current loop and in particular close it again, so that signals can be transmitted similarly to the Morse method. Also in the signal generator, a sensor for detecting an electrical variable in the current loop may be formed. The sensor may in particular be a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor.

According to another embodiment, the catenary switch has a control for controlling an electrical contacting device of the piping system. The control controls in particular the contacting device in response to signals transmitted in the current loop. Thus, it is advantageously possible to supply individual sections of the catenary with electrical energy or not.

In a further embodiment, the line switches are switched one after the other in the current loop. This means in particular that first the first line switch is connected in series with the signal generator. The current loop is insofar formed in particular by means of the signal transmitter and the first line switch. After a predetermined time, the second line switch is then connected in series with the signal generator and the first line switch. The current loop is insofar formed in particular by means of the signal generator, the first line switch and the second line switch. After a further predetermined time then follows the third line switch analog until all line switches are connected in series with the signal generator and form a closed electrical current loop. Thus, a correct connection between the signal generator and the currently connected line switch can be checked in an advantageous manner, which greatly facilitates fault diagnosis.

In a further embodiment, the line switch is disconnected from the signal generator in case of an error. Preferably, in a fault, the line switches are disconnected from the signal generator, so that from the closed current loop again becomes an open current loop. An error case may be, for example, a malfunction in a line switch and / or in the case of a catenary switch in a contacting device. An error case may be, for example, an interruption of the current loop or an electrical short in the current loop. In the case of the faulty interruption of the current loop or the short circuit, disconnecting the line switches from the signal generator means, in particular, that the switches interrupt of the current loop in the line switches. This has the particular advantage that after removing the faulty interruption or the short circuit, the system is not directly under electrical voltage, which could result in a risk to operating personnel. In particular, it can be provided that, after disconnecting, which in particular can also be carried out automatically, the system automatically restarts by the line switches being connected in series with the signal generator.

According to one embodiment, the line switch comprises a first input terminal for connecting a power cable or a current wire, also generally referred to as a wire. Preferably, the line switch has a first output terminal for connecting a power cable or a current wire. Preferably, the first input terminal is electrically connectable to the second output terminal by means of the switch. This means in particular that both terminals are electrically connected to each other when the switch is closed. When the switch is open, both terminals are electrically isolated from each other. Preferably, a sensor for measuring an electric current is formed between the first input terminal and the first output terminal. Such a sensor may in particular be referred to generally as a current sensor. This means, in particular, that the sensor can measure an electric current which flows between the two terminals.

In a further embodiment, the line switch comprises a second input terminal for connecting a power cable or a current core or wire. The line switch preferably has a second output connection for connecting a power cable or a current conductor. The statements made in connection with the first input terminal and the first output terminal apply analogously. Preferably, the second input terminal and the second output terminal are electrically connected to each other. According to another embodiment, it may be provided that a sensor is formed for measuring a voltage which is between a first current path, which is formed between the first input terminal and the first output terminal, and a second current path, which between the second input terminal and the second output terminal is formed, is applied. In particular, such a sensor can generally be referred to as a voltage sensor. Preferably, the switchable terminating resistor is formed between the first current path and the second current path. In particular, a third current path connecting the first current path and the second current path is formed between the first current path and the second current path, in which the terminating resistor and a switch for connecting the terminating resistor are connected, whereby this switch can also be referred to as a further switch.

In a further embodiment, preferably the first output terminal of a line switch is electrically connected to the first input terminal of a further line switch. Preferably, the second output terminal of the further line switch is electrically connected to the second input terminal of the line switch.

By means of the first and second input terminals and output terminals, it is advantageously possible to connect power cables or wires to the line switches in order to electrically connect them to one another, so that a current loop is formed in combination with the first current path and the second current path can.

In an embodiment, it may be provided that the switch and / or the further switch are controlled in dependence on one or more sensor signals. This means, in particular, that a switch position, ie, in particular, whether the corresponding switch is open or closed, is controlled as a function of one or more sensor signals. The sensor signals are in particular provided by the sensor for measuring an electrical quantity. The sensor may thus be, for example, the voltage sensor or the current sensor. If a plurality of sensors are provided, then the corresponding control can be carried out in particular as a function of the sensor signals of the plurality of sensors.

According to one embodiment, it can be provided that the controller for controlling an electrical contacting device evaluates the sensor or the sensors, in particular the voltage sensor and / or the current sensor, that is to say in particular receives the corresponding sensor signals, the control in particular depending on the switch and / or controls the other switch. The controller preferably controls the electrical contacting device as a function of the sensor signals, that is to say in particular as a function of the voltage present between the first and the second current paths and / or preferably as a function of the electrical current flowing through the first current path and / or through the second current path. Preferably, each line switch comprises such a controller.

FIG 1

eine bekannte Einzelsteuerung von mehreren Fahrleitungsschaltern,

FIG 2

ein Leitungsschaltersystem,

FIG 3

ein Fahrleitungsschaltersystem,

FIG 4

ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Übermitteln eines Signals in einem Leitungsschaltersystem,

FIG 5

ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines weiteren Verfahrens zum Übermitteln eines Signals in einem Leitungsschaltersystem,

FIG 6

ein anderes Fahrleitungsschaltersystem,

FIG 7

ein elektrisches Blockschaltbild eines Signalgebers,

FIG 8

ein elektrisches Blockschaltbild eines Leitungsschalters,

FIG 9

ein elektrisches Blockschaltbild eines Leistungs- und eines Steuerteils eines Leitungsschalters,

FIG 10

ein Fahrleitungsschaltersystem mit einer betriebsbereiten Stromschleife zur Signalübertragung und

FIG 11 bis 19

jeweils einen Schaltzustand des Fahrleitungsschaltersystems aus FIG 10 in einer Hochlaufphase.

The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to figures. Show here

FIG. 1

a known individual control of several catenary switches,

FIG. 2

a line switch system,

FIG. 3

a catenary switch system,

FIG. 4

a schematic flow diagram of a method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system,

FIG. 5

a schematic flow diagram of another method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system,

FIG. 6

another catenary switch system,

FIG. 7

an electrical block diagram of a signal generator,

FIG. 8

an electrical block diagram of a line switch,

FIG. 9

an electrical block diagram of a power and a control part of a line switch,

FIG. 10

a catenary switch system with an operational current loop for signal transmission and

FIGS. 11 to 19

each one switching state of the catenary switch system FIG. 10 in a run-up phase.

Hereinafter, like reference numerals are used for like features.

FIG. 1 time a single control of four catenary switches 101a, 101b, 101c and 101d. The four catenary switches 101a to 101d are respectively arranged on a catenary mast 103a, 103b, 103c and 103d. The four catenary switches 101a to 101d respectively connect via a linkage 104a, 104b, 104c and 104d a contact arm 105a, 105b, 105c and 105d for electrically contacting a catenary (not shown). Here, the contact arms 105a to 105d are arranged on the corresponding catenary mast 103a to 103d.

Each of the catenary switches 101a to 101d is connected to a main control unit 107 by means of its own separate three-wire cable 109a, 109b, 109c and 109d for control and feedback. For this purpose, a control electronics (not shown) is provided in the main control system 107. In the individual catenary switches 101a to 101d, a respective electronic circuit (not shown) is provided, which exchanges signals with the control electronics. Such signals may include, for example, switching commands and feedback. The contact arms 105a to 105d are driven by means of a respective drive (not shown) of the catenary switches 101a to 101d via the linkages 104a, 104b, 104c and 104d, the drive being controlled by means of the corresponding circuit electronics. The contact arms 105a to 105d can thus approach the contact line in a contacting manner be moved away from it for the purpose of separation.

FIG. 2 shows a line switch system 201 for a line system (not shown) for the electrical supply of a vehicle (not shown). The line switch system 201 comprises a signal generator 203 and a line switch 205, which is connected in series with the signal generator 203 for forming a closed current loop. In FIG. 2 the signal generator 203 and the line switch 205 are connected in series and form a closed current loop, which is indicated schematically by means of two connecting lines with reference numerals 207a and 207b. The two connecting lines 207a and 207b may be, for example, a multi-core power cable. Preferably, three wires are provided. In particular, four wires can be provided. However, it is also possible, for example, to provide a plurality of separately formed power cables with only one core.

About the closed current loop, it is advantageously possible in a particularly simple and robust manner to transmit or transmit signals, the signal transmission is insensitive to interference. Signals can be transmitted from the signal generator 203 to the line switch 205. But in particular also signals from the line switch 205 to the signal generator 203 can be transmitted or transmitted. Signals may include, for example, control commands or diagnostic signals. By means of control signals, for example, the line switch 205 can be controlled. Diagnostic signals can be transmitted from the line switch 205 to the signal generator 203, so that it is set, for example, via a switching state of the line switch 205 in knowledge.

FIG. 3 shows a catenary switch system 301 comprising a signal generator 303 and three catenary switches 305a, 305b and 305c. In FIG. 3 are the three catenary switches 305a to 305c electrically connected in series with the signal generator 303 by means of a multi-core cable 307. The multi-core cable 307 is preferably a three-core cable or a four-core cable. However, it is also possible to provide a plurality of separately formed cables with one or more wires. The three catenary switches 305a to 305c, the signal generator 303 and the cable 307 constitute a closed electrical current loop by means of which advantageously a transmission of signals between the individual catenary switches 305a to 305c with each other and to the signal generator 303 is possible.

Since according to the invention the individual catenary switches 305a to 305c are switchable in series with the signal generator 303, it can also be provided that the current loop can be interrupted, for example by means of a switch (not shown) or a plurality of switches which in the catenary switches 305a to 305c is arranged or are.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system for electrical supply of a vehicle. Here, the line switch system comprises at least one line switch and a signal generator, wherein the line switch with the signal generator for forming a closed current loop is connected in series. In a step 401, the line switch and the signal generator are connected in series, so that in step 403 a closed electric current loop is formed.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of another method for transmitting a signal in a line switch system for a power supply system for a vehicle. In a step 501, the signal generator and the at least one line switch are connected in series, so that in step 503 a closed current loop is formed. In a step 505 is then an electrical voltage is applied to the current loop, wherein the current loop is interrupted to transmit a signal and closed again after a predetermined time. In particular, the interruption and re-closing can be carried out several times in succession, so that signals or information about the current loop can be transmitted analogously to the Morse method. For the detection of the signal can be provided that in the line switch and / or in the signal generator, a voltage drop and / or an electric current flowing in the current loop, are measured.

FIG. 6 shows a catenary switch system 600. The catenary switch system 600 includes four catenary switches 601a, 601b, 601c and 601d. The four catenary switches 601a to 601d are respectively disposed on a catenary mast 603a, 603b, 603c and 603d. The four catenary switches 601a to 601d each include a driver (not shown) that can displace a contact arm 605a, 605b, 605c, and 605d of a contacting device by means of a respective linkage 613a, 613b, 613c, and 613d such that the contact arms 605a to 605d depend on control commands a contact line, not shown, can electrically contact to provide them with electrical energy.

Furthermore, a main control unit 607 comprising a signal generator 609 is formed. The main control unit 607 may also be referred to as a telecontrol station. The four catenary switches 601a to 601d and the signal generator 607 are electrically switchable in series, so that these five elements can form a closed electric current loop.

For an electrical connection between the signal generator 609 and the four catenary switches 601a to 601d, a four-core cable 611 is provided. The cross section of the individual wires is formed such that even with respect to the signal generator 609 far farthest overhead line switch, here the catenary scarf 601d can still control. Any voltage drops on the cable 611 during a switching operation are tolerated in favor of a smaller cross-section.

Two of the four wires are used to power the drives and are therefore connected to them. In particular, the drives of the contacting device for the contact arms 605a to 605d are connected or connected in parallel at these two wires, so that all drives have the full voltage applied to them. These two wires can be designated in particular with L + and L-.

The other two wires are used in particular for setting up the current loop and can be designated in particular with DATA + and DATA-. In this loop, the catenary switches 601a to 601d are then electrically connected in series.

FIG. 7 shows an electrical block diagram of the signal generator 609. The two wires DATA + and DATA- are denoted by the reference numerals 701a and 701b. The two wires L + and L- are designated respectively by the reference numerals 703a and 703b. Further, a signal switch 705 for interrupting the electric wire 701a is formed. A necessary signal switch command or a feedback in the form of a signal switch state signal is indicated schematically by the reference numeral 705a.

Further, a sensor 707 is formed in the DATA + line 701a to measure an electric current therein. A correspondingly measured current value is symbolically identified here by reference numeral 707a.

Furthermore, a current source 709 for applying an electrical voltage to the two wires 701a and 701b is provided. In particular, a direct current source with a relatively high voltage, preferably DC 60 V or DC 100 V, is used as the current source. Furthermore, the current source 709 preferably has a current limiting, which in particular a Current value limited to a meaningful for the reliability of data transmission value. For example, the current is limited in the order of 100 mA to 1 A. If the current source 709 is operated open, ie without a load, then no current can flow and the nominal voltage of the current source 709 adjusts itself at the output of the current source 709. As soon as a load is present, for example when one of the catenary switches 601a to 601d is connected in series, the load for the intended current requires a lower voltage, the current limitation or current regulation takes effect. The electrical voltage decreases so.

For an extended diagnostic option of the current loop, a sensor 711 for detecting the applied voltage can preferably also be used as an option. The sensor 711 may also be referred to as a voltage sensor. The sensor 707 may also be referred to as a current sensor.

Further, there is formed a processing unit 713 which is connected to and controls the sensors 707 and 711 and the signal switch 705 and receives the values 707a and 711a, respectively, depending on the values, control is enabled. Furthermore, a further current source 715 is formed, which can be used in particular for the electrical power supply of the processing unit 713. Preferably, the further current source 715 provides a DC 110V or DC 24V voltage.

FIG. 8 shows an electrical block diagram of a line switch. This may be, for example, one of the catenary switches 601a to 601d. Again, a voltage sensor 801 is provided, which can measure a voltage between the wire DATA + 701a and the wire DATA- 701b, which is applied to the input of the line switch. A measured voltage value is indicated schematically here by reference numeral 801a. Further, a current sensor 803 in the DATA + 701a wire is also provided for measuring an electric current in the current loop. A corresponding measured current value is schematically indicated by the reference numeral 803a. Reference numeral 805 designates a switch, in particular a relay, for connecting an electrical resistor 807 which is connected between the two wires 701a and 701b. The resistor 807 may thus constitute a terminating resistor for the current loop. A corresponding switching command for the switch 805 or a switching state signal is indicated schematically by the reference numeral 805a.

Furthermore, a switch 809, in particular a relay, is provided for interrupting the current loop, in particular the switch 809 is formed in the DATA + 701a wire. A switch command or switch state signal is indicated schematically by reference numeral 809a.

The sensors 801 and 803 as well as the switches 805 and 809 are connected to a controller 811, with the sake of clarity in FIG FIG. 8 no corresponding connecting lines are shown. In particular, the controller 811 processes the received measured values 801a and 803a and in particular controls the corresponding switches 809 and 805 via switching commands 809a and 805a. In particular, the controller 811 controls the drive of the contact arm of the contacting device. Preferably, the controller 811 includes a programmable logic controller (PLC). In particular, the programmable logic controller is a controller of the lowest power class.

FIG. 9 shows an electrical block diagram of a power and control part of the line switch FIG. 8 ,

The electrical resistor 807 thus forms in particular a defined terminating resistor of the current loop. For proper operation of the line switch system, it is particularly necessary here that only the resistor in the farthest line switch is switched on. One possibility this terminator even in case of failure of a part of the line switch system and at startup, so in one Start-up phase to switch automatically for an optimal system configuration will be described below in connection with a catenary switch system (cf. FIGS. 10 to 19 ).

In an embodiment not shown, the L-line and the DATA-line can also be performed together, so that advantageously a wire can be saved. The embodiment with four cores, that is for the L, L +, DATA, DATA + line each have their own core, in particular offers the advantage that no voltage drop occurs in the L line when the line switch is switched. Furthermore, in spite of the line structure required for the data connection for the energy supply of the drives, star structures can be constructed if necessary.

FIG. 10 shows a catenary switch system 1000 with an operational current loop for signal transmission. There are three catenary switches 1001a, 1001b and 1001c formed, which are arranged for example on a respective catenary, not shown. Furthermore, a signal generator 1003 is provided, which can be connected in series with the three catenary switches 1001a to 1001c. Each of the catenary switches 1001a, 1001b and 1001c has a voltage sensor 1005a, 1005b and 1005c for measuring an electric voltage between the two wires 701a and 701b, that is, between the two DATA + and DATA lines. Further, each catenary switch 1001a to 1001c includes a current sensor 7007a to 7007c connected in the DATA + line 701a so that an electric current flowing in the current loop can be measured.

Further, each of the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c has a switch 1009a, 1009b, and 1009c for interrupting the current loop. The switches 1009a to 1009c may also be referred to as an interrupt switch. These switches 1009a to 1009c are in series with the Current sensors 1007a to 1007c connected and after this in the DATA + 701a line.

Further, the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c each include a switch 1111a, 1111b, and 1111c for connecting an electrical resistance 1113a, 1113b, and 1113c respectively connected in parallel between the two wires 701a and 701b. Thus, when one of the switches 1111a to 1111c is closed, the corresponding resistor forms a defined terminating resistor for the current loop. The switches 1009a to 1009c and 1111a to 1111c are preferably formed as a relay. In particular, the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c comprise a respective controller (not shown) for controlling the switches and / or evaluating the measured current and / or voltage values, wherein the switches are preferably carried out as a function of the measured current and / or voltage values. The controller is therefore designed in particular to control the switches 1111a, b and c and / or the interrupt switches 1009a, b and c as a function of the measured current and / or voltage values. Preferably, the controller is designed to control an electrical contacting device of a line system, not shown here, wherein the control is preferably carried out as a function of the measured current and / or voltage values.

The catenary switches 1001a to 1001c each have a first input terminal 1004a, a first output terminal 1004b, a second input terminal 1004c, and a second output terminal 1004d to which the wires 701a and 701b are respectively connected. Here, the DATA + line connects a corresponding first output terminal 1004b to a corresponding first input terminal 1004a of the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c. The DATA line connects a corresponding second output terminal 1004d to a corresponding second input terminal 1004c of the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c. There are no corresponding wires connected to the first output terminal 1004b and to the second input terminal 1004c of the catenary switch 1001c, since the catenary switch 1001c is the last catenary switch of the current loop.

A first current path is formed between the first input terminal 1004a and the first output terminal 1004b via the current sensor 1007a, b, c and the interruption switch 1009a, b, c. A second current path is formed between the second input terminal 1004c and the second output terminal 1004d. A third current path is formed between the two DATA + and DATA lines 701a and 701b via the breaker switch 1009a, 1009b, 1009c, the switches 1111a, 1111b, 1111c and the termination resistors 1113a, 1113b, 1113c, so that the third current path is the first can connect to the second current path with appropriate switch position of the switch 1111a, 1111b and 1111c.

In one embodiment, not shown, more or less than three catenary switches may be provided. The above and following statements apply analogously.

The following is an example of a possible data transmission in the current loop thus formed according to FIG. 10 described for the sake of clarity, the reference numerals for the terminals 1004a to 1004d are not shown.

Preferably, a serial data transmission via the current loop formed from DATA + and DATA- is provided. In particular, the respective catenary switch 1001a to 1001c can interrupt the current loop with its switch 1009a to 1009c. In this case, the catenary switch may be referred to as a transmitter, and the other catenary switches and the signal generator 1003 may then be referred to as a receiver. In particular, by means of the current sensors, this interruption can be detected by detecting that no more current is flowing. The transmitter can in particular close the current loop again. A certain temporal Sequence of interruptions can be interpreted as a serial data telegram and evaluated accordingly.

Thus, both a telecontrol station with the signal generator 1003 and each individual catenary switch 1001a to 1001c are advantageously able to send and receive a serial data telegram. Thus, a command and a reporting direction can be realized.

Here, different methods for coordinating the communication are conceivable. In particular, however, it is provided in the data transmission methods that only one single station at a time, i. the signal generator 1003 or one of the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c, which interrupts current loop, which advantageously allows error-free data traffic.

In a particularly simple embodiment, the signal generator 1003, as master, addresses one catenary switch after the other and waits for a response immediately after this call. In further embodiments, collision detection may also be provided. For example, the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c could manually report a spontaneous change, for example by means of a hand crank, not shown, without being interrogated. This is detected by means of appropriate evaluation algorithms, if at this time two catenary switches send their data.

In order to achieve particularly reliable electrical data transmission even over long distances, a current in the DATA + line is not chosen too low. Also, preferably a slow data transmission can be used to advantageously achieve interference sensitivity, since thus transients due to inductive and capacitive effects can be easily waited. Especially when only a small amount of information is transmitted must be compensated for this effect without disadvantages.

In particular, if only the switch position must be transmitted alone, for example, only two bits in command and signaling direction are needed. With an 8-bit long telegram there are still 6 bits remaining for the addressing. Thus, for example, 64 catenary switches could be addressed on a bus. Even if 2 additional bits would have to be transmitted, for example for fault information, there still remain 4 bits for addressing 16 catenary switches.

In the FIGS. 11 to 19 Individual switching states are described in a run-up phase of the catenary switch system 1000.

FIG. 11 shows a ground state of the catenary switch system 1000. All switches in the switch 1003 and in the catenary switches 1001a to 1001c are open. The current source 709 in the signal generator 1003 is now turned on. Since it is not loaded by the open current loop, it adjusts itself to its rated voltage.

Now, the switch 705 is closed and thus sets the first catenary switch 1001a of the current loop under voltage (see. FIG. 12 ). This voltage is detected by the voltage sensor 1005a of the catenary switch 1001a and thus starts its run-up. This means, in particular, that after a predetermined waiting time both the switch 1009a and the switch 1111a are switched on so that the electrical resistance 1113a forms a terminating resistor of the current loop (cf. FIG. 13 ).

The current loop is now temporarily closed. This signals both the incoming and the returning station, in this case the signal generator 1003, that the system or the catenary switch system 1000 until just started Station, ie the catenary switch 1001a, is in order and works properly.

However, by turning on termination resistor 1113a, the voltage on DATA + 701a has dropped, as needed to drive the rated current through resistor 1113a. The following station, i. the catenary switch 1001b, thus recognizes at its input by means of the voltage sensor 1005b only a very low voltage, which is not sufficient to trigger their run-up, so in particular to close the switches 1009b and 1111b.

To accomplish this, the just-started station, i. the catenary switch 1001a, its terminating resistor 1113a again after a predetermined time, i. the switch 1111a opens and restarts a waiting time.

Thus, the current loop is interrupted again and the following station, ie the catenary switch 1001b, now recognizes the nominal system voltage at DATA + 701a by means of the voltage sensor 1005b (cf. FIG. 14 ). With this voltage signal now also the catenary switch 1001b starts its run-up (see. FIG. 15 ).

At this time, the control of the catenary switch 1001a recognizes that the current loop through a remote station, i. the catenary switch 1001b, has been closed and thus intact. Thus, the startup is completed for station 1001a, leaving resistor 1113a open. That in particular, that the switch 1111a is not closed again.

After a further predetermined time, the catenary switch 1001b switches off its resistor 1113b again in order to set the rated voltage to DATA + and to forward the initialization to the catenary switch 1001c (cf. FIG. 16 ).

The procedure described above is repeated now in the third station, ie the catenary switch 1001c (see. FIG. 17 ). In the course of the startup sequence, this station also switches off the resistor 1113c again and thus applies DATA + to the nominal voltage (cf. FIG. 18 ). But now that no further station, so no further catenary switch, more follows, which could then start their run, now no more power will flow and started in the third station waiting time for the startup of the next station is running. The expiration of this waiting time is the signal for the third station to turn on the resistor 1113c again, ie to close the switch 1111c, so that the resistor 1113c forms a defined terminating resistor for the current loop, so that advantageously the current loop is brought into an operating state for data transmission (see 19).

Now, serial data can be transmitted via the current loop, in particular by means of short interruptions and reclosing.

In particular, different diagnostic options may be provided. For example, an interruption of a cable core and thus of the current loop may show that no current is flowing for a longer period of time than is required for a transmission of a serial data telegram. Such an error affects all stations. The signal generator 1003 can recognize this and report the error. At the same time, in particular, all stations start a new current loop run-up in order to advantageously achieve that now the terminating resistor can be switched on before the interruption and a remaining residual current loop can be put into operation again.

The following describes how a short circuit between the DATA + and the DATA line can be detected.

A first indication of a short circuit during operation is a further decrease of the voltage in DATA +, because now only one current has to flow through the small short circuit resistance. The signal generator 1003 can detect this in particular by measuring its output voltage.

Another indication of a short circuit or a faulty terminating resistor from the perspective of the signal generator 1003 is the fact that remote stations are no longer able to interrupt DATA + and thus transmit data.

A third indication of a short circuit may be provided during startup or during the startup phase: if the current flow is not interrupted by switching off the corresponding terminating resistor, there must be a short circuit in the line to the next station, as this does not yet have its own startup and thus DATA + and its corresponding terminating resistor is not switched on.

The signs or indications described here make it possible to operate the remaining system in the event of a short circuit according to the following procedure. As soon as the central station or the signal generator 1003 no longer receives a response from a station or catenary switch 1001a to 1001c, even though a current is flowing, it assumes a short circuit because a failed station would interrupt the loop. In this case, the signal generator 1003 itself interrupts the current loop by means of its switch 705 until all the stations 1001a to 1001c go to the ground state due to the error, i. the switches 1111a to 1111c and the switches 1009a to 1009c are opened. Now a new startup can be started.

For this startup, the stations will break off the DATA + lines 701a again on their own if the current also flows when the terminating resistor is switched on. Since the station has only one contact, ie the switches 1009a and 1009b, respectively or 1009c, to interrupt the current loop, it would take it out of the loop and the station behind would have to close its terminating resistor. Preferably, therefore, another separate contact (not shown), for example a relay, is installed at the output of the DATA + line 701a in an advantageous manner, which interrupts only the continuation of the line.

By means of the catenary switch system according to the invention and the startup steps described above, a high availability can be achieved even with a failure of a part of the system for the remaining part of the system in an advantageous manner.

The structure described here and the methods described in particular advantageously make it possible to control and monitor catenary switches, in particular along a railway line, with considerably less wiring than hitherto with simultaneously extended functionality with regard to the number of signals to be monitored and transmitted.

In another embodiment, instead of or in addition to a fixed wiring of the inputs and outputs of the remote control station to the individual drive and feedback relays through the use of small computers or controls in the catenary switches and in the serial data interface without additional wiring between remote station and mast simply more information, eg for diagnosis, to be added.

By means of the invention, in particular, a device is thus provided for controlling and monitoring switching devices which are distributed along a high-voltage line, for example a railway overhead line system.

While the invention has been described in the foregoing embodiments with reference to catenary switches, it should not be considered as limiting. In the embodiments, a catenary switch can be replaced in particular by a point heater switch or a short-circuit signaling relay. Such a point heating switch may preferably be constructed analogously to the catenary switch, wherein in particular a control is provided for controlling an electrical point heater, wherein the control is preferably carried out in dependence on the current and / or voltage values measured in the current loop. In an electric current loop of the present invention also catenary switch, point heater switch and / or short-circuit signaling relay can be electrically connected in series in any combination. In general, any other devices can be electrically connected in series in the electric current loop. Preferably, it should be devices that only a relatively small amount of information, in particular some bits, must be transmitted or that can be controlled with only a few bits of control commands.

Claims (9)

1. Circuit breaker system (201) for a guide system of a vehicle, having a plurality of circuit breakers (205) and a signal transmitter (203), characterised in that the circuit breakers (205) can be connected in series to the signal transmitter (203) to form a closed current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205), wherein the circuit breakers (205) each have a switch (1009a, 1009b, 1009c) for interrupting the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205) and each have a reversible terminating resistor (1113a, 1113b, 1113c) for the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205).
2. Circuit breaker system (201) according to claim 1, wherein the circuit breakers (205) are each formed as a line breaker (1001a, 1001b, 1001c).
3. Circuit breaker system (201) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the circuit breakers (205) each have a sensor (1007a, 1007b, 1007c) for measuring an electrical variable in the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205).
4. Circuit breaker system (201) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal transmitter (203) has a signal switch (705) for interrupting the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205).
5. Circuit breaker (205) for a circuit breaker system (201) according to one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Method for transferring a signal in a circuit breaker system (201) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein to form a closed current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205) the signal transmitter (203) is connected in series to the circuit breakers (205), in order to transmit the signal in the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205), wherein the circuit breakers (205) are connected one after the other into the current loop.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the circuit breaker (205) is controlled by means of the signal.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 8, wherein an electrical voltage is applied to the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205) and the signal is formed, in that the current loop (207a; 207b; 203; 205) is interrupted and closed again after a predetermined time.
9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the signal is detected in the circuit breakers (205), in that a measurement of a voltage drop is performed at the respective terminating resistor (1113a, 1113b and 1113c) of the circuit breakers (205).

Images