EP2682972B1 - Device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch and associated transformer protection relay monitoring device - Google Patents

Device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch and associated transformer protection relay monitoring device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2682972B1
EP2682972B1 EP13174913.7A EP13174913A EP2682972B1 EP 2682972 B1 EP2682972 B1 EP 2682972B1 EP 13174913 A EP13174913 A EP 13174913A EP 2682972 B1 EP2682972 B1 EP 2682972B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
open
voltage
input
circuit
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EP13174913.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2682972A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Bochet
Yannick Idelon
Régis Laigle
Ignace Cepeda
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an open or closed switch state detection device.
  • the invention also relates to a transformer protection relay monitoring device which comprises an open or closed switch state detection device.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for monitoring protective relays of dielectric fluid transformers.
  • a dielectric fluid transformer protection relay comprises four separate detection circuits, each detection circuit being able to detect a different malfunction of the transformer. Such a protection relay meets the EN 50216-3 standard.
  • Each detection circuit comprises a sensor capable of delivering a detection signal as soon as a malfunction appears and a switch controlled by the detection signal.
  • Each sensor is associated with a different malfunction. Two sensors are associated with low voltage overloads and the other two with high voltage internal faults.
  • each switch In normal operation, each switch is open and no detection signal is delivered by the sensor associated with it. When a malfunction occurs, the sensor delivers a detection signal that closes the switch. The switch is then traversed by a current that triggers the desired protection action.
  • two sensors are associated with low voltage overloads and two others with high voltage internal faults.
  • the two sensors associated with low voltage overloads perform temperature measurements.
  • a first sensor is capable of delivering a signal as soon as the temperature of the dielectric fluid exceeds a first value (typically 90 ° C.). Closing the switch that is associated with this sensor triggers an alarm.
  • the second sensor is, in turn, capable of delivering a signal when the temperature of the dielectric fluid exceeds a second value, greater than the first value (typically 100 ° C). Closing the switch that is associated with this sensor triggers the opening of a low-voltage circuit breaker.
  • the two sensors associated with internal high voltage faults measure, one, a gas overpressure, the other, a drop in the level of the dielectric fluid. Closing each of the switches associated with these two sensors leads directly to a cut-off of the high voltage.
  • auxiliary switch leads to a complex management of the operation of the device.
  • the monitoring circuit is, in all cases, biased by the voltage present across the switch does not allow monitoring of an electrically isolated switch.
  • the invention does not have these disadvantages.
  • the document DE 199 44 461 C1 discloses a detection device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the microprocessor comprises means capable of recording the evolution as a function of time of the signal delivered by the open or closed state detector of the switch.
  • the signal able to translate the open or closed state of the switch of the protection relay controls a light-emitting diode.
  • a display may be installed in the device to obtain information relating to the fault that has occurred.
  • the figure 1 represents the block diagram of a circuit capable of delivering a detection signal of the open or closed state of a protection relay detection circuit switch of the invention.
  • the circuit capable of delivering a detection signal of the open or closed state of a protective relay detection circuit switch is also called "state detection circuit”.
  • the state detection circuit D comprises a charge control circuit 1, a current limiting circuit 2, a voltage limiting circuit 3, a threshold detection circuit 4 and a low-pass filter 5.
  • the circuit current limitation 2, the voltage limiting circuit 3, the threshold detection circuit 4 and the low-pass filter 5 are connected in series.
  • the input and the output of the state detection circuit are realized, respectively, by the input of the current limiting circuit 2 and by the output of the low-pass filter 5.
  • the charge control circuit 1 is connected between the input and output of the state detection circuit D. It is controlled by the output of the state detection circuit, i.e. by the output of the low-pass filter 5.
  • the limiting circuit of current 2 is connected to a supply voltage V int .
  • the threshold detection circuit 4 is a comparator able to compare the voltage V e delivered by the voltage limiter circuit 3 with a reference voltage V ref .
  • the charge control circuit 1 is connected between the input and the output of the state detection circuit. It is controlled by the output of the state detection circuit, that is to say by the output of the low-pass filter 5.
  • the switch I whose open or closed state is to be detected has a first terminal connected to the input of the state detection circuit and a second terminal connected to ground.
  • the first terminal of the switch I can also be connected to a first terminal of an external impedance circuit Z ext , the second terminal of the external circuit 20 being connected to an external voltage V ext .
  • the switch I is controlled by a command C.
  • the figure 2 represents an example of a circuit whose synoptic is represented in figure 1 .
  • the current limiting circuit 2 is made by a resistor R10 and a resistor R1.
  • the resistor R10 has a first terminal connected to the input of the state detection circuit and a second terminal connected to the supply voltage V int.
  • the resistor R10 corresponds to the internal input resistance of the state detection circuit when the charge control circuit 1 is inactive.
  • the voltage limiting circuit 3 is produced by a clipper E comprising two Zener diodes Z1, Z4 and two conventional diodes Z2, Z3.
  • the threshold detection circuit 4 is a DSO overvoltage and opening detection circuit comprising two differential amplifiers A1, A2, three resistors R2, R3, R4 and two conventional diodes Z5, Z6.
  • the threshold detection circuit 4 thus constitutes a comparator able to compare the voltage V e delivered by the voltage limiting circuit 3 with the reference voltage V ref.
  • the low-pass filter 5 is produced by a capacitor CAP, resistors R5-R9 and an operational amplifier A3.
  • An input of the operational amplifier A3 is connected to the output of the threshold detection circuit 4 and the output of the operational amplifier A3 constitutes the output of the state detection circuit D.
  • the charge-regulating circuit 1 may comprise, in addition to a load R11, two control transistors T1, T2 of a static relay RS which, when closed, makes the charge-regulating circuit 1 active and when it is open makes the charge controller circuit 1 inactive.
  • the load regulator circuit When the load regulator circuit is active, the load R11 is connected between the supply of the state detection device and the input of the current limiting circuit 2. The load R11 is not connected to the supply when the RS relay is open.
  • the figure 3 represents a block diagram of protection relay monitoring circuit according to the invention.
  • the monitoring circuit comprises a state detection circuit D, a power supply unit 7, a microprocessor 8, a display device 9, a frequency control device 10 and an input / output block 11.
  • the input / output block 11 comprises an input block 12 and an output block 13.
  • the power supply unit 7 supplies, from a supply voltage VA1, the state detection circuit D with a voltage VA2 and the microprocessor 8 with a voltage VA3.
  • the voltage V int which is applied to the current limiting circuit 2 is formed from the supply voltage VA1.
  • Galvanic isolation is provided between the supply voltage VA1 and the voltage VA3.
  • the galvanic isolation can be for example 1.5 kV.
  • the state detection circuit D may comprise, in addition to the elements already mentioned above, a channel selector 6 having N inputs and an output, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the channel selector may be omitted.
  • the channel selector 6 preferably comprises four inputs connected respectively to the four switches of the four sensors of the same protection relay.
  • the channel selector 6 may also include more than four inputs.
  • the channel selector has six inputs. In addition to the four inputs mentioned above, the two additional inputs are connected, for example, one to a fuse whose resistance is to be monitored, the other to a switch associated with a local temperature measurement sensor.
  • the channel selector 6 is controlled, via the microprocessor 8, by the frequency control device 10. At the desired frequency, the different inputs of the channel selector are then connected to the output of the channel selector, thus making it possible to monitor sequentially the state of the different switches.
  • the frequency with which the channel selector is controlled is advantageously adjustable by a user.
  • the display device 9 comprises, for example, an AF display, for example an LCD display, and an LED light emitting diode. It makes it possible to display the faults that occurred previously by navigation in a menu managed by the microprocessor 8, and to indicate, by means of the light-emitting diode, whether a fault is present, whether a lack of power supply is present or whether a defect of battery is present.
  • the display device may comprise a LED associated LED, via the microprocessor, each switch whose status is to be known.
  • the microprocessor 8 records the evolution of the state of the switches. It is then possible to issue a diagnosis of operation of the transformer based on the knowledge of this evolution.
  • the output block 13 makes available to the user - in parameterized form - one or more measurements M which are read by sensors that monitor the operation of a transformer.
  • the microprocessor 8 is connected, for example, to the sensors of the protection relay.
  • the measurements M are, for example, the measurement of the dielectric fluid temperature and / or the gas pressure measurement and / or the measurement of the electric charge of the transformer.
  • the measurements M transmitted to the microprocessor are processed by a program previously recorded in the microprocessor, which delivers, as output data, the measurements in parameterized form allowing a good exploitation of the transformer.
  • the user may request to see the default temperature, load, etc., or even the life of the transformer determined according to actual operating criteria. Measurements can be retrieved as data files. In the example described, these files are transmitted by USB connection with a personal computer, but other means are possible as the powerline online.
  • the monitoring circuit can monitor contactor or, more generally, electrical contact.
  • a current i imposed by the current limiting circuit 2 is integrated by the state detection circuit.
  • the voltage V e is imposed by the voltage limiting circuit 3 and more particularly by the Zener diodes thereof.
  • the voltage V e is present at the output of the voltage limiting circuit 3.
  • the threshold detection circuit 4 has its output in a high state, it delivers a comparison signal in the high state. This means that the voltage V e is greater than the voltage V ref .
  • the low-pass filter 5 imposes on the output of the state detection circuit a voltage V s which is at a high state. This is the comparison signal that has passed through the low-pass filter 5.
  • the microprocessor determines the open state of the switch I from this voltage V s in the high state. This high state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an inactive state.
  • This high state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an inactive state.
  • the low-pass filter 5 maintains the voltage V s at a high state at the output of the state detection circuit despite the alternations of V ext .
  • the switch I whose state is to be detected is open, that the external voltage V ext is 0V and that the impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20 is weak in front of the input impedance R10 of the state detection circuit. It is further considered that the charge control circuit 1 is in an inactive state.
  • a current i is imposed by the current limiting circuit 2. This current is integrated by the state detection circuit. It dissipates in the low impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20.
  • the voltage V e is imposed by the impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20.
  • the voltage V e is lower than the voltage V ref .
  • the threshold detection circuit 4 has its output in a low state.
  • the low-pass filter 5 imposes, at a time T 0 + t1, a voltage V s at a low state, at the output of the state detection circuit. At the instant T 0 + t1, this low state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an active state. This active state of the charge control circuit 1 balances the pressure drop in the external impedance Z ext , which has the effect of increasing the voltage V e until it exceeds the reference voltage V ref .
  • the output of the threshold detection circuit 4 goes from the low state to the high state at a time T 0 + t2 which follows the instant T 0 + t1 and which is close to it.
  • the charge control circuit 1 then takes an inactive state.
  • the microprocessor determines the open state of the switch I from the variation of the voltage V s between the instants T 0 and T 0 + t 2.
  • the duration between the instants T 0 and T 0 + t1 is much greater than the duration between the instants T 0 + t1 and T 0 + t2.
  • the output of the threshold detection circuit 4 is in the low state.
  • the low-pass filter 5 imposes at the output of the state detection circuit a voltage V s in the low state delayed by a duration t1 with respect to the instant T 0 .
  • this low state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an active state.
  • the impedance of the switch I remains very low compared to the input impedance of the state detection circuit which now includes the load R11 in addition to the resistance R10.
  • the low state of the voltage V s may be 0V and the high state of the voltage V s may be 5V.
  • An advantage of the state detection circuit of the invention is to guarantee an output voltage V s in the high state, in the absence of a fault, on the one hand, in the absence of external circuit 20, c i.e. in the absence of current i entering the state detection circuit and coming from the external circuit 20 and, secondly, in the presence of the external circuit regardless of the value of the voltage V ext .
  • Another advantage of the state detection circuit of the invention is to guarantee an output voltage V s in the low state, in the event of a fault, whether the external circuit is connected or not.
  • the state detection circuit of the invention thus leads to a perfect readability of the state of the switch I (open or closed), even in the absence of the external voltage V ext which is the operating voltage of the protection relay, in the application under consideration.
  • the legibility of the state of the switch is not disturbed by any variation of the voltage V ext . It is thus advantageously possible to determine the state of the switch regardless of its external connection circuit or power supply, without disturbing the safety chain on which the switch is potentially connected.
  • state detection device of the invention is suitable for monitoring dielectric fluid transformer protection relays, other applications are possible. It may be, for example, monitoring contactors in charge of a load contactors test bench, monitoring load contactors on an electrical installation, or any application requiring monitoring of an electrical contact used on an electrical installation.
  • the detection of other parameters than those mentioned is possible, in particular according to the sensors present on the devices available on the market, or even required according to other standards: if the management of four safety contacts with two temperatures (warning and maximum threshold), internal pressure and gas discharge of the transformer associated with a fuse monitoring is presented, it is possible to also consider the electrical load of the transformer, its general pressure, the temperature Isolation oil or other critical point.

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  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique et art antérieurTechnical field and prior art

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de monitorage de relais de protection de transformateur qui comprend un dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur.The invention relates to an open or closed switch state detection device. The invention also relates to a transformer protection relay monitoring device which comprises an open or closed switch state detection device.

L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse pour le monitorage des relais de protection des transformateurs à fluide diélectrique.The invention finds a particularly advantageous application for monitoring protective relays of dielectric fluid transformers.

Un relais de protection de transformateur à fluide diélectrique comprend quatre circuits de détection distincts, chaque circuit de détection étant apte à détecter un dysfonctionnement différent du transformateur. Un tel relais de protection répond à la norme EN 50216-3.A dielectric fluid transformer protection relay comprises four separate detection circuits, each detection circuit being able to detect a different malfunction of the transformer. Such a protection relay meets the EN 50216-3 standard.

Chaque circuit de détection comprend un capteur apte à délivrer un signal de détection dès lors qu'un dysfonctionnement apparaît et un interrupteur commandé par le signal de détection. Chaque capteur est associé à un dysfonctionnement différent. Deux capteurs sont associés aux surcharges en basse tension et les deux autres aux défauts internes en haute tension. En fonctionnement normal, chaque interrupteur est ouvert et aucun signal de détection n'est délivré par le capteur qui lui est associé. Dès lors qu'un dysfonctionnement apparaît, le capteur délivre un signal de détection qui ferme l'interrupteur. L'interrupteur est alors parcouru par un courant qui déclenche l'action de protection souhaitée.Each detection circuit comprises a sensor capable of delivering a detection signal as soon as a malfunction appears and a switch controlled by the detection signal. Each sensor is associated with a different malfunction. Two sensors are associated with low voltage overloads and the other two with high voltage internal faults. In normal operation, each switch is open and no detection signal is delivered by the sensor associated with it. When a malfunction occurs, the sensor delivers a detection signal that closes the switch. The switch is then traversed by a current that triggers the desired protection action.

Comme cela a été mentionné précédemment, deux capteurs sont associés aux surcharges en basse tension et deux autres aux défauts internes en haute tension. Les deux capteurs associés aux surcharges en basse tension effectuent des mesures de température. Un premier capteur est apte à délivrer un signal dès lors que la température du fluide diélectrique dépasse une première valeur (typiquement 90°C). La fermeture de l'interrupteur qui est associé à ce capteur déclenche une alarme. Le deuxième capteur est, quant à lui, apte à délivrer un signal dès lors que la température du fluide diélectrique dépasse une deuxième valeur, supérieure à la première valeur (typiquement 100°C). La fermeture de l'interrupteur qui est associé à ce capteur déclenche l'ouverture d'un disjoncteur basse tension. Les deux capteurs associés aux défauts internes en haute tension mesurent, l'un, une surpression de gaz, l'autre, une baisse de niveau du fluide diélectrique. La fermeture de chacun des interrupteurs associés à ces deux capteurs conduit directement à une coupure de la haute tension.As mentioned previously, two sensors are associated with low voltage overloads and two others with high voltage internal faults. The two sensors associated with low voltage overloads perform temperature measurements. A first sensor is capable of delivering a signal as soon as the temperature of the dielectric fluid exceeds a first value (typically 90 ° C.). Closing the switch that is associated with this sensor triggers an alarm. The second sensor is, in turn, capable of delivering a signal when the temperature of the dielectric fluid exceeds a second value, greater than the first value (typically 100 ° C). Closing the switch that is associated with this sensor triggers the opening of a low-voltage circuit breaker. The two sensors associated with internal high voltage faults measure, one, a gas overpressure, the other, a drop in the level of the dielectric fluid. Closing each of the switches associated with these two sensors leads directly to a cut-off of the high voltage.

Pour diagnostiquer un dysfonctionnement ainsi détecté, l'installation électrique est réenclenchée dans le but de reproduire le dysfonctionnement. Un inconvénient est alors le risque de mettre en péril les biens et les personnes qui interviennent puisque l'intervention se fait alors sous tension. L'invention ne présente pas cet inconvénient.To diagnose a malfunction thus detected, the electrical installation is reclosed in order to reproduce the malfunction. A disadvantage is then the risk of jeopardizing the property and the people who intervene since the intervention is then under tension. The invention does not have this disadvantage.

Un dispositif apte à vérifier l'état ouvert ou fermé d'un interrupteur est également connu du brevet US 6 813 132 B1 (Miltmeier et al. ). Des caractéristiques essentielles de ce dispositif sont :

  • la présence d'un interrupteur auxiliaire qui est monté en parallèle de l'interrupteur dont l'état est surveillé, et
  • la présence d'une tension de polarisation du contact qui alimente, dans tous les cas, un circuit de surveillance.
A device able to check the open or closed state of a switch is also known from the patent. US 6,813,132 B1 (Miltmeier et al. ). Essential features of this device are:
  • the presence of an auxiliary switch which is connected in parallel with the switch whose state is monitored, and
  • the presence of a bias voltage of the contact which supplies, in all cases, a monitoring circuit.

La présence de l'interrupteur auxiliaire conduit à une gestion complexe du fonctionnement du dispositif. Par ailleurs, le fait que le circuit de surveillance soit, dans tous les cas, polarisé par la tension présente aux bornes de l'interrupteur n'autorise pas la surveillance d'un interrupteur électriquement isolé. L'invention ne présente pas ces inconvénients.The presence of the auxiliary switch leads to a complex management of the operation of the device. Moreover, the fact that the monitoring circuit is, in all cases, biased by the voltage present across the switch does not allow monitoring of an electrically isolated switch. The invention does not have these disadvantages.

Le document DE 199 44 461 C1 décrit un dispositif de détection selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document DE 199 44 461 C1 discloses a detection device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

En effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour délivrer une tension de valeur inférieure ou supérieure à une valeur de tension de référence prédéterminée selon que l'interrupteur est ouvert ou fermé et un comparateur pour comparer la tension de référence prédéterminée avec la tension délivrée par lesdits moyens et délivrer un signal de comparaison ayant une valeur différente selon que l'interrupteur est ouvert ou fermé, dans lequel :

  • un circuit de limitation de courant et un circuit de tension sont montés en série, une entrée du circuit de limitation de courant étant reliée à une première borne de l'interrupteur dont la deuxième borne est reliée à la masse du dispositif,
  • le comparateur a une première entrée reliée à une sortie du circuit de limitation de tension, une deuxième entrée reliée à la tension de référence et une sortie reliée à une entrée d'un filtre passe-bas, et
  • un circuit régulateur de charge est monté entre une sortie du filtre passe-bas et l'entrée du circuit de limitation de courant.
Indeed, the invention relates to an open or closed switch state detection device, characterized in that it comprises means for delivering a voltage of less than or greater value than a predetermined reference voltage value depending on whether the switch is open or closed and a comparator for comparing the predetermined reference voltage with the voltage supplied by said means and outputting a comparison signal having a different value depending on whether the switch is open or closed, wherein:
  • a current limiting circuit and a voltage circuit are connected in series, an input of the current limiting circuit being connected to a first terminal of the switch whose second terminal is connected to the ground of the device,
  • the comparator has a first input connected to an output of the voltage limiting circuit, a second input connected to the reference voltage and an output connected to an input of a low-pass filter, and
  • a charge control circuit is connected between an output of the low-pass filter and the input of the current limiting circuit.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif de monitorage de relais de protection de transformateur à fluide diélectrique, le relais de protection comprenant au moins un capteur apte à délivrer un signal dès lors qu'un défaut du transformateur est détecté et un interrupteur apte à passer de l'état ouvert à l'état fermé sous l'action du signal délivré par le capteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :

  • un dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur conforme à l'invention, et
  • un microprocesseur ayant une entrée qui recueille le signal délivré par le dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur et une sortie qui délivre un signal apte à traduire l'état ouvert ou fermé de l'interrupteur du relais de protection.
The invention also relates to a dielectric fluid transformer protection relay monitoring device, the protection relay comprising at least one sensor capable of delivering a signal when a fault of the transformer is detected and a switch able to pass from the open state in the closed state under the action of the signal delivered by the sensor, characterized in that it comprises:
  • an open or closed switch state detection device according to the invention, and
  • a microprocessor having an input which collects the signal delivered by the open or closed switch state detection device and an output which outputs a signal adapted to translate the open or closed state of the switch of the protection relay.

Selon une caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention, le microprocesseur comprend des moyens aptes à enregistrer l'évolution en fonction du temps du signal délivré par le dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur.According to a further characteristic of the invention, the microprocessor comprises means capable of recording the evolution as a function of time of the signal delivered by the open or closed state detector of the switch.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention :

  • un sélecteur de voie est placé en amont du dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur, le sélecteur de voie comprenant au moins deux entrées respectivement reliées à deux interrupteurs différents d'un relais de protection et une sortie reliée à une entrée du dispositif de détection d'état ouvert ou fermé d'interrupteur, et
  • un dispositif de commande de fréquence délivre un signal de commande de fréquence qui est appliqué sur une entrée du microprocesseur, le microprocesseur délivrant, sous l'action du signal de commande de fréquence, un signal de commande de voie qui est appliqué au sélecteur de voie.
According to yet another additional characteristic of the invention:
  • a channel selector is placed upstream of the open or closed switch state detection device, the channel selector comprising at least two inputs respectively connected to two different switches of a protection relay and an output connected to an input the open or closed switch state detection device, and
  • a frequency control device supplies a frequency control signal which is applied to an input of the microprocessor, the microprocessor delivering, under the action of the frequency control signal, a channel control signal which is applied to the channel selector .

Selon encore une autre caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention, le signal apte à traduire l'état ouvert ou fermé de l'interrupteur du relais de protection commande une diode électroluminescente. Alternativement ou en complément, un afficheur peut être installé dans le dispositif pour obtenir une information relative au défaut survenu.According to yet another additional characteristic of the invention, the signal able to translate the open or closed state of the switch of the protection relay controls a light-emitting diode. Alternatively or in addition, a display may be installed in the device to obtain information relating to the fault that has occurred.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention, le microprocesseur:

  • reçoit, en tant que données d'entrée, une ou plusieurs mesures relevées par des capteurs qui surveillent un fonctionnement du transformateur,
  • traite lesdites données d'entrée sur la base d'un programme enregistré dans le microprocesseur, et
  • délivre, en tant que données de sortie, des données paramétrées qui résultent du traitement des données d'entrée.
According to yet another additional characteristic of the invention, the microprocessor:
  • receives, as input data, one or more measurements taken by sensors which monitor a transformer operation,
  • processes said input data on the basis of a program stored in the microprocessor, and
  • outputs, as output data, parameterized data that results from the processing of the input data.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux figures jointes, parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente le synoptique d'un circuit apte à délivrer un signal de détection d'ouverture ou fermeture d'interrupteur selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 représente un exemple de circuit dont le synoptique est représenté en figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 représente un synoptique de circuit de monitorage de relais de protection selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, among which:
  • The figure 1 represents the block diagram of a circuit capable of delivering a switch opening or closing detection signal according to the invention;
  • The figure 2 represents an example of a circuit whose synoptic is represented in figure 1 ;
  • The figure 3 represents a block diagram of protection relay monitoring circuit according to the invention.

Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments.In all the figures, the same references designate the same elements.

Exposé détaillé de modes de réalisation préférentiels deDetailed presentation of preferred embodiments of l'inventionthe invention

La figure 1 représente le synoptique d'un circuit apte à délivrer un signal de détection de l'état ouvert ou fermé d'un interrupteur de circuit de détection de relais de protection de l'invention.The figure 1 represents the block diagram of a circuit capable of delivering a detection signal of the open or closed state of a protection relay detection circuit switch of the invention.

Dans la suite de la description, le circuit apte à délivrer un signal de détection de l'état ouvert ou fermé d'un interrupteur de circuit de détection de relais de protection est également nommé « circuit de détection d'état ».In the following description, the circuit capable of delivering a detection signal of the open or closed state of a protective relay detection circuit switch is also called "state detection circuit".

Le circuit de détection d'état D comprend un circuit régulateur de charge 1, un circuit de limitation de courant 2, un circuit de limitation de tension 3, un circuit de détection de seuil 4 et un filtre passe-bas 5. Le circuit de limitation de courant 2, le circuit de limitation de tension 3, le circuit de détection de seuil 4 et le filtre passe-bas 5 sont montés en série. L'entrée et la sortie du circuit de détection d'état sont réalisées, respectivement, par l'entrée du circuit de limitation de courant 2 et par la sortie du filtre passe-bas 5. Le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est monté entre l'entrée et la sortie du circuit de détection d'état D. Il est commandé par la sortie du circuit de détection d'état, c'est-à-dire par la sortie du filtre passe-bas 5. Le circuit de limitation de courant 2 est relié à une tension d'alimentation Vint. Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 est un comparateur apte à comparer la tension Ve délivrée par le circuit limiteur de tension 3 avec une tension de référence Vref.The state detection circuit D comprises a charge control circuit 1, a current limiting circuit 2, a voltage limiting circuit 3, a threshold detection circuit 4 and a low-pass filter 5. The circuit current limitation 2, the voltage limiting circuit 3, the threshold detection circuit 4 and the low-pass filter 5 are connected in series. The input and the output of the state detection circuit are realized, respectively, by the input of the current limiting circuit 2 and by the output of the low-pass filter 5. The charge control circuit 1 is connected between the input and output of the state detection circuit D. It is controlled by the output of the state detection circuit, i.e. by the output of the low-pass filter 5. The limiting circuit of current 2 is connected to a supply voltage V int . The threshold detection circuit 4 is a comparator able to compare the voltage V e delivered by the voltage limiter circuit 3 with a reference voltage V ref .

Le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est monté entre à l'entrée et à la sortie du circuit de détection d'état. Il est commandé par la sortie du circuit de détection d'état, c'est-à-dire par la sortie du filtre passe-bas 5.The charge control circuit 1 is connected between the input and the output of the state detection circuit. It is controlled by the output of the state detection circuit, that is to say by the output of the low-pass filter 5.

L'interrupteur I dont l'état ouvert ou fermé est à détecter a une première borne reliée à l'entrée du circuit de détection d'état et une deuxième borne reliée à la masse. La première borne de l'interrupteur I peut également être reliée à une première borne d'un circuit externe 20 d'impédance Zext, la deuxième borne du circuit externe 20 étant reliée à une tension externe Vext. L'interrupteur I est commandé par une commande C.The switch I whose open or closed state is to be detected has a first terminal connected to the input of the state detection circuit and a second terminal connected to ground. The first terminal of the switch I can also be connected to a first terminal of an external impedance circuit Z ext , the second terminal of the external circuit 20 being connected to an external voltage V ext . The switch I is controlled by a command C.

La figure 2 représente un exemple de circuit dont le synoptique est représenté en figure 1.The figure 2 represents an example of a circuit whose synoptic is represented in figure 1 .

Le circuit de limitation de courant 2 est réalisé par une résistance R10 et une résistance R1. La résistance R10 a une première borne reliée à l'entrée du circuit de détection d'état et une deuxième borne reliée à la tension d'alimentation Vint. La résistance R10 correspond à la résistance interne d'entrée du circuit de détection d'état lorsque le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est inactif.The current limiting circuit 2 is made by a resistor R10 and a resistor R1. The resistor R10 has a first terminal connected to the input of the state detection circuit and a second terminal connected to the supply voltage V int. The resistor R10 corresponds to the internal input resistance of the state detection circuit when the charge control circuit 1 is inactive.

Le circuit de limitation de tension 3 est réalisé par un écrêteur E comprenant deux diodes Zener Z1, Z4 et deux diodes conventionnelles Z2, Z3.The voltage limiting circuit 3 is produced by a clipper E comprising two Zener diodes Z1, Z4 and two conventional diodes Z2, Z3.

Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 est un circuit de détection de surtension et ouverture DSO comprenant deux amplificateurs différentiels A1, A2, trois résistances R2, R3, R4 et deux diodes conventionnelles Z5, Z6. Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 constitue ainsi un comparateur apte à comparer la tension Ve délivrée par le circuit de limitation de tension 3 avec la tension de référence Vref. The threshold detection circuit 4 is a DSO overvoltage and opening detection circuit comprising two differential amplifiers A1, A2, three resistors R2, R3, R4 and two conventional diodes Z5, Z6. The threshold detection circuit 4 thus constitutes a comparator able to compare the voltage V e delivered by the voltage limiting circuit 3 with the reference voltage V ref.

Le filtre passe-bas 5 est réalisé par un condensateur CAP, des résistances R5-R9 et un amplificateur opérationnel A3. Une entrée de l'amplificateur opérationnel A3 est reliée à la sortie du circuit de détection de seuil 4 et la sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel A3 constitue la sortie du circuit de détection d'état D.The low-pass filter 5 is produced by a capacitor CAP, resistors R5-R9 and an operational amplifier A3. An input of the operational amplifier A3 is connected to the output of the threshold detection circuit 4 and the output of the operational amplifier A3 constitutes the output of the state detection circuit D.

Le circuit régulateur de charge 1 peut comporter, en plus d'une charge R11, deux transistors de commande T1, T2 d'un relais statique RS qui lorsqu'il est fermé rend le circuit régulateur de charge 1 actif et lorsqu'il est ouvert rend le circuit régulateur de charge 1 inactif. Lorsque le circuit régulateur de charge est actif, la charge R11 est branchée entre l'alimentation du dispositif de détection d'état et l'entrée du circuit de limitation de courant 2. La charge R11 n'est pas reliée à l'alimentation lorsque le relais RS est ouvert.The charge-regulating circuit 1 may comprise, in addition to a load R11, two control transistors T1, T2 of a static relay RS which, when closed, makes the charge-regulating circuit 1 active and when it is open makes the charge controller circuit 1 inactive. When the load regulator circuit is active, the load R11 is connected between the supply of the state detection device and the input of the current limiting circuit 2. The load R11 is not connected to the supply when the RS relay is open.

La figure 3 représente un synoptique de circuit de monitorage de relais de protection selon l'invention.The figure 3 represents a block diagram of protection relay monitoring circuit according to the invention.

Le circuit de monitorage comprend un circuit de détection d'état D, un bloc d'alimentation 7, un microprocesseur 8, un dispositif d'affichage 9, un dispositif de commande de fréquence 10 et un bloc 11 d'entrées/sorties. Le bloc 11 d'entrée/sortie comprend un bloc 12 d'entrée et un bloc 13 de sortie.The monitoring circuit comprises a state detection circuit D, a power supply unit 7, a microprocessor 8, a display device 9, a frequency control device 10 and an input / output block 11. The input / output block 11 comprises an input block 12 and an output block 13.

Le bloc d'alimentation 7 alimente, à partir d'une tension d'alimentation VA1, le circuit de détection d'état D avec une tension VA2 et le microprocesseur 8 avec une tension VA3. La tension Vint qui est appliquée au circuit de limitation de courant 2 est formée à partir de la tension d'alimentation VA1. Une isolation galvanique est prévue entre la tension d'alimentation VA1 et la tension VA3. L'isolation galvanique peut être par exemple de 1,5 kV.The power supply unit 7 supplies, from a supply voltage VA1, the state detection circuit D with a voltage VA2 and the microprocessor 8 with a voltage VA3. The voltage V int which is applied to the current limiting circuit 2 is formed from the supply voltage VA1. Galvanic isolation is provided between the supply voltage VA1 and the voltage VA3. The galvanic isolation can be for example 1.5 kV.

Le circuit de détection d'état D peut comprendre, en plus des éléments déjà mentionnés ci-dessus, un sélecteur de voie 6 ayant N entrées et une sortie, N étant un nombre entier supérieur ou égal à 2. Le sélecteur de voie peut être omis. Le sélecteur de voie 6 comprend préférentiellement quatre entrées reliées respectivement aux quatre interrupteurs des quatre capteurs d'un même relais de protection. Le sélecteur de voie 6 peut également comprendre plus de quatre entrées. Sur l'exemple de la figure 3, le sélecteur de voie comprend six entrées. Outre les quatre entrées mentionnées précédemment, les deux entrées supplémentaires sont reliées, par exemple, l'une, à un fusible dont on souhaite surveiller la tenue, l'autre, à un interrupteur associé à un capteur de mesure de température locale.The state detection circuit D may comprise, in addition to the elements already mentioned above, a channel selector 6 having N inputs and an output, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2. The channel selector may be omitted. The channel selector 6 preferably comprises four inputs connected respectively to the four switches of the four sensors of the same protection relay. The channel selector 6 may also include more than four inputs. On the example of the figure 3 , the channel selector has six inputs. In addition to the four inputs mentioned above, the two additional inputs are connected, for example, one to a fuse whose resistance is to be monitored, the other to a switch associated with a local temperature measurement sensor.

Le sélecteur de voie 6 est commandé, via le microprocesseur 8, par le dispositif de commande de fréquence 10. A la fréquence souhaitée, les différentes entrées du sélecteur de voie sont alors reliées à la sortie du sélecteur de voie, permettant ainsi de surveiller séquentiellement l'état des différents interrupteurs. La fréquence à laquelle le sélecteur de voie est commandé est avantageusement réglable par un utilisateur.The channel selector 6 is controlled, via the microprocessor 8, by the frequency control device 10. At the desired frequency, the different inputs of the channel selector are then connected to the output of the channel selector, thus making it possible to monitor sequentially the state of the different switches. The frequency with which the channel selector is controlled is advantageously adjustable by a user.

Le dispositif d'affichage 9 comprend, par exemple, un afficheur AF, par exemple un afficheur LCD, et une diode électroluminescente DEL. Il permet d'afficher les défauts survenus antérieurement par navigation dans un menu géré par le microprocesseur 8, et d'indiquer, grâce à la diode électroluminescente, si un défaut est présent, si une absence d'alimentation est présente ou si un défaut de batterie est présent. Alternativement ou en complément, le dispositif d'affichage peut comprendre une diode électroluminescente DEL associée, via le microprocesseur, à chaque interrupteur dont on veut connaitre l'état.The display device 9 comprises, for example, an AF display, for example an LCD display, and an LED light emitting diode. It makes it possible to display the faults that occurred previously by navigation in a menu managed by the microprocessor 8, and to indicate, by means of the light-emitting diode, whether a fault is present, whether a lack of power supply is present or whether a defect of battery is present. Alternatively or in addition, the display device may comprise a LED associated LED, via the microprocessor, each switch whose status is to be known.

Avec plusieurs interrupteurs, on dispose d'un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes DEL respectivement associées, via le microprocesseur 8, aux différents interrupteurs dont l'état est à détecter. L'apparition d'un défaut et la détection du changement d'état de l'interrupteur associé au défaut conduit à allumer la diode électroluminescente DEL correspondante pour visualiser les différents défauts qui apparaissent au cours du temps.With several switches, there is a set of LEDs associated respectively, via the microprocessor 8, to the various switches whose state is to be detected. The occurrence of a fault and the detection of the change of state of the switch associated with the fault led to turn on the corresponding LED light emitting diode to display the various faults that appear over time.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, le microprocesseur 8 enregistre l'évolution de l'état des interrupteurs. II est alors possible d'émettre un diagnostic de fonctionnement du transformateur sur la base de la connaissance de cette évolution.In a first particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the microprocessor 8 records the evolution of the state of the switches. It is then possible to issue a diagnosis of operation of the transformer based on the knowledge of this evolution.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, le bloc 13 de sortie met à disposition de l'utilisateur - sous forme paramétrée - une ou plusieurs des mesures M qui sont relevées par des capteurs qui surveillent le fonctionnement d'un transformateur. A cette fin, le microprocesseur 8 est relié, par exemple, aux capteurs du relais de protection. Les mesures M sont, par exemple, la mesure de température du fluide diélectrique et/ou la mesure de pression de gaz et/ou la mesure de la charge électrique du transformateur. Les mesures M transmises au microprocesseur sont traitées par un programme préalablement enregistré dans le microprocesseur, lequel délivre, en tant que données de sortie, les mesures sous forme paramétrées permettant une bonne exploitation du transformateur. L'utilisateur peut demander à voir la température par défaut, la charge, etc., voire également la durée de vie du transformateur déterminée selon des critères de fonctionnement réels. Les mesures sont récupérables sous forme de fichiers de données. Dans l'exemple décrit, ces fichiers sont transmis par liaison USB avec un ordinateur personnel, mais d'autres moyens sont possibles comme le courant porteur en ligne.In a second particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the output block 13 makes available to the user - in parameterized form - one or more measurements M which are read by sensors that monitor the operation of a transformer. . For this purpose, the microprocessor 8 is connected, for example, to the sensors of the protection relay. The measurements M are, for example, the measurement of the dielectric fluid temperature and / or the gas pressure measurement and / or the measurement of the electric charge of the transformer. The measurements M transmitted to the microprocessor are processed by a program previously recorded in the microprocessor, which delivers, as output data, the measurements in parameterized form allowing a good exploitation of the transformer. The user may request to see the default temperature, load, etc., or even the life of the transformer determined according to actual operating criteria. Measurements can be retrieved as data files. In the example described, these files are transmitted by USB connection with a personal computer, but other means are possible as the powerline online.

Au lieu de faire le monitorage de relais, le circuit de monitorage peut faire le monitorage de contacteur ou, plus généralement, de contact électrique.Instead of relay monitoring, the monitoring circuit can monitor contactor or, more generally, electrical contact.

On va maintenant décrire le fonctionnement du circuit de détection d'état dans plusieurs cas.We will now describe the operation of the state detection circuit in several cases.

Premier cas :First case :

A un instant de début de détection, en l'absence de défaut, on suppose que l'interrupteur I dont l'état est à détecter est ouvert, sans connexion au circuit externe et que le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est dans un état inactif. Un courant i, imposé par le circuit de limitation de courant 2, est intégré par le circuit de détection d'état. La tension Ve est imposée par le circuit de limitation de tension 3 et plus particulièrement par les diodes Zener de celui-ci. La tension Ve est présente en sortie du circuit de limitation de tension 3. Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 a sa sortie à un état haut, elle délivre un signal de comparaison à l'état haut. Cela signifie que la tension Ve est supérieure à la tension Vref. Le filtre passe-bas 5 impose à la sortie du circuit de détection d'état une tension Vs qui est à un état haut. Il s'agit du signal de comparaison ayant traversé le filtre passe-bas 5. Le microprocesseur détermine l'état ouvert de l'interrupteur I à partir de cette tension Vs à l'état haut. Cet état haut impose au circuit régulateur de charge 1 un état inactif.At a start of detection time, in the absence of a fault, it is assumed that the switch I whose state is to be detected is open, without connection to the external circuit and that the charge control circuit 1 is in an inactive state. . A current i, imposed by the current limiting circuit 2, is integrated by the state detection circuit. The voltage V e is imposed by the voltage limiting circuit 3 and more particularly by the Zener diodes thereof. The voltage V e is present at the output of the voltage limiting circuit 3. The threshold detection circuit 4 has its output in a high state, it delivers a comparison signal in the high state. This means that the voltage V e is greater than the voltage V ref . The low-pass filter 5 imposes on the output of the state detection circuit a voltage V s which is at a high state. This is the comparison signal that has passed through the low-pass filter 5. The microprocessor determines the open state of the switch I from this voltage V s in the high state. This high state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an inactive state.

Deuxième cas :Second case:

A un instant de début de détection en l'absence de défaut, on suppose que l'interrupteur I dont l'état est à détecter est ouvert, que le circuit externe 20 est connecté et donc que la tension externe Vext s'applique. On suppose que le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est dans un état inactif. Cette tension externe Vext est non nulle et continue. Un courant i, résultant de la tension externe Vext, entre dans le circuit de détection d'état. Il est très fortement limité par le circuit de limitation de courant 2. La tension Ve est imposée par le circuit de limitation de tension 3. Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 a sa sortie à l'état haut. La tension Ve est supérieure à Vref. Le filtre passe-bas 5 impose à la sortie du circuit de détection d'état une tension Vs qui est à l'état haut.At a start time of detection in the absence of a fault, it is assumed that the switch I whose state is to be detected is open, that the external circuit 20 is connected and therefore that the external voltage V ext applies. It is assumed that the charge control circuit 1 is in an inactive state. This external voltage V ext is non-zero and continuous. A current i, resulting from the external voltage V ext , enters the state detection circuit. It is very strongly limited by the current limiting circuit 2. The voltage V e is imposed by the voltage limiting circuit 3. The threshold detection circuit 4 has its output in the high state. The voltage V e is greater than V ref . The low-pass filter 5 imposes on the output of the state detection circuit a voltage V s which is in the high state.

Cet état haut impose au circuit régulateur de charge 1 un état inactif.This high state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an inactive state.

Si la tension Vext est une tension alternative, le filtre passe-bas 5 maintient la tension Vs à un état haut en sortie du circuit de détection d'état malgré les alternances de Vext.If the voltage V ext is an alternating voltage, the low-pass filter 5 maintains the voltage V s at a high state at the output of the state detection circuit despite the alternations of V ext .

Troisième cas :Third case:

A un instant T0 de début de détection, en l'absence de défaut, on suppose que l'interrupteur I dont l'état est à détecter est ouvert, que la tension externe Vext vaut 0V et que l'impédance Zext du circuit externe 20 est faible devant l'impédance d'entrée R10 du circuit de détection d'état. On considère, de plus, que le circuit régulateur de charge 1 est dans un état inactif. Un courant i est imposé par le circuit de limitation de courant 2. Ce courant est intégré par le circuit de détection d'état. Il se dissipe dans la faible impédance Zext du circuit externe 20. La tension Ve est imposée par l'impédance Zext du circuit externe 20. La tension Ve est inférieure à la tension Vref. Le circuit de détection de seuil 4 a sa sortie à un état bas. Le filtre passe-bas 5 impose, à un instant T0+t1, une tension Vs à un état bas, à la sortie du circuit de détection d'état. A l'instant T0+t1, cet état bas impose au circuit régulateur de charge 1 un état actif. Cet état actif du circuit régulateur de charge 1 équilibre la perte de charge dans l'impédance externe Zext, ce qui a pour effet de faire croître la tension Ve jusqu'à ce que celle-ci dépasse la tension de référence Vref. La sortie du circuit de détection de seuil 4 passe de l'état bas à l'état haut à un instant T0+t2 qui suit l'instant T0+t1 et qui est proche de celui-ci. Le circuit régulateur de charge 1 prend alors un état inactif. La tension Vs en sortie du filtre passe-bas 5, à l'état haut depuis l'instant T0, est passée à l'état bas à l'instant T0+t1 puis revient à l'état haut à l'instant T0+t2. Le microprocesseur détermine l'état ouvert de l'interrupteur I à partir de la variation de la tension Vs entre les instants T0 et T0+t2. La durée entre les instants T0 et T0+t1 est bien plus grande que la durée entre les instants T0+t1 et T0+t2.At a time T 0 of start of detection, in the absence of a fault, it is assumed that the switch I whose state is to be detected is open, that the external voltage V ext is 0V and that the impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20 is weak in front of the input impedance R10 of the state detection circuit. It is further considered that the charge control circuit 1 is in an inactive state. A current i is imposed by the current limiting circuit 2. This current is integrated by the state detection circuit. It dissipates in the low impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20. The voltage V e is imposed by the impedance Z ext of the external circuit 20. The voltage V e is lower than the voltage V ref . The threshold detection circuit 4 has its output in a low state. The low-pass filter 5 imposes, at a time T 0 + t1, a voltage V s at a low state, at the output of the state detection circuit. At the instant T 0 + t1, this low state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an active state. This active state of the charge control circuit 1 balances the pressure drop in the external impedance Z ext , which has the effect of increasing the voltage V e until it exceeds the reference voltage V ref . The output of the threshold detection circuit 4 goes from the low state to the high state at a time T 0 + t2 which follows the instant T 0 + t1 and which is close to it. The charge control circuit 1 then takes an inactive state. The voltage V s at the output of the low-pass filter 5, in the high state since the instant T 0 , has gone to the low state at the instant T 0 + t1 and then returns to the high state at the instant T 0 + t2. The microprocessor determines the open state of the switch I from the variation of the voltage V s between the instants T 0 and T 0 + t 2. The duration between the instants T 0 and T 0 + t1 is much greater than the duration between the instants T 0 + t1 and T 0 + t2.

Quatrième cas :Fourth case:

On suppose qu'à l'instant T0 de début de détection, l'interrupteur I dont l'état est à détecter est fermé. Cette fermeture s'est faite sous l'effet d'un signal de commande C délivré par un capteur du relais de protection en présence d'un défaut. Quelle que soit la connexion de la première borne de l'interrupteur I, une très faible impédance est présente en entrée du circuit de détection d'état. Cette impédance est faible par rapport à l'impédance d'entrée R10 du circuit de détection d'état. On suppose que le circuit de régulation de charge 1 est dans un état inactif. Un courant i, imposé par le circuit de limitation de courant 2 est intégré dans le circuit de détection d'état. La tension Ve est alors imposée par l'impédance très faible de l'interrupteur I fermé. Cette tension Ve est inférieure à la tension de référence Vref. La sortie du circuit de détection de seuil 4 est à l'état bas. Le filtre passe-bas 5 impose en sortie du circuit de détection d'état une tension Vs à l'état bas retardée d'une durée t1 par rapport à l'instant T0. A l'instant T0+t1, cet état bas impose au circuit régulateur de charge 1 un état actif. Même avec le passage à l'état actif du circuit régulateur de charge 1, l'impédance de l'interrupteur I reste très faible devant l'impédance d'entrée du circuit de détection d'état qui inclut maintenant la charge R11 en plus de la résistance R10.It is assumed that at time T 0 of start of detection, the switch I whose state is to be detected is closed. This closure was made under the effect of a control signal C delivered by a sensor of the protection relay in the presence of a fault. Whatever the connection of the first terminal of the switch I, a very low impedance is present at the input of the state detection circuit. This impedance is low compared to the input impedance R10 of the state detection circuit. It is assumed that the charge control circuit 1 is in an inactive state. A current i, imposed by the current limiting circuit 2 is integrated in the state detection circuit. The voltage V e is then imposed by the very low impedance of the switch I closed. This voltage V e is lower than the reference voltage V ref . The output of the threshold detection circuit 4 is in the low state. The low-pass filter 5 imposes at the output of the state detection circuit a voltage V s in the low state delayed by a duration t1 with respect to the instant T 0 . At the instant T 0 + t1, this low state imposes on the charge control circuit 1 an active state. Even with the transition to the active state of the charge control circuit 1, the impedance of the switch I remains very low compared to the input impedance of the state detection circuit which now includes the load R11 in addition to the resistance R10.

A titre d'exemple, l'état bas de la tension Vs peut être 0V et l'état haut de la tension Vs peut être 5V.By way of example, the low state of the voltage V s may be 0V and the high state of the voltage V s may be 5V.

Un avantage du circuit de détection d'état de l'invention est de garantir une tension de sortie Vs à l'état haut, en l'absence de défaut, d'une part, en l'absence de circuit externe 20, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de courant i entrant dans le circuit de détection d'état et provenant du circuit externe 20 et, d'autre part, en présence du circuit externe quelle que soit la valeur de la tension Vext.An advantage of the state detection circuit of the invention is to guarantee an output voltage V s in the high state, in the absence of a fault, on the one hand, in the absence of external circuit 20, c i.e. in the absence of current i entering the state detection circuit and coming from the external circuit 20 and, secondly, in the presence of the external circuit regardless of the value of the voltage V ext .

Un autre avantage du circuit de détection d'état de l'invention est de garantir une tension de sortie Vs à l'état bas, en cas de défaut, que le circuit externe soit connecté ou non.Another advantage of the state detection circuit of the invention is to guarantee an output voltage V s in the low state, in the event of a fault, whether the external circuit is connected or not.

Le circuit de détection d'état de l'invention conduit ainsi à une lisibilité parfaite de l'état de l'interrupteur I (ouvert ou fermé), même en l'absence de la tension externe Vext qui est la tension de fonctionnement du relais de protection, dans l'application considérée.The state detection circuit of the invention thus leads to a perfect readability of the state of the switch I (open or closed), even in the absence of the external voltage V ext which is the operating voltage of the protection relay, in the application under consideration.

De façon plus générale, la lisibilité de l'état de l'interrupteur n'est perturbée par aucune variation de la tension Vext. Il est ainsi avantageusement possible de déterminer l'état de l'interrupteur quel que soit son circuit externe de raccordement ou son alimentation, et cela sans perturber la chaîne de sécurité sur laquelle l'interrupteur est potentiellement raccordé.More generally, the legibility of the state of the switch is not disturbed by any variation of the voltage V ext . It is thus advantageously possible to determine the state of the switch regardless of its external connection circuit or power supply, without disturbing the safety chain on which the switch is potentially connected.

Bien que le dispositif de détection d'état de l'invention soit adapté au monitorage de relais de protection de transformateur à fluide diélectrique, d'autres applications sont possibles. Il peut s'agir, par exemple, de monitorage de contacteurs en charge d'un banc de test de contacteurs en charge, de monitorage de contacteurs en charge sur une installation électrique, ou toute application nécessitant un monitorage d'un contact électrique utilisé sur une installation électrique.Although the state detection device of the invention is suitable for monitoring dielectric fluid transformer protection relays, other applications are possible. It may be, for example, monitoring contactors in charge of a load contactors test bench, monitoring load contactors on an electrical installation, or any application requiring monitoring of an electrical contact used on an electrical installation.

De plus, pour les relais de protection de transformateur à fluide diélectrique, la détection d'autres paramètres que ceux mentionnés est envisageable, notamment en fonction des capteurs présents sur les appareils disponibles sur le marché, voire exigés selon d'autres normes : si la gestion de quatre contacts de sécurité avec deux températures (alerte et seuil maximal), pression interne et dégagement gazeux du transformateur associée à une surveillance de fusible est présentée, il est possible de considérer également la charge électrique du transformateur, sa pression générale, la température de l'huile d'isolement ou d'un autre point critique.In addition, for the dielectric fluid transformer protection relays, the detection of other parameters than those mentioned is possible, in particular according to the sensors present on the devices available on the market, or even required according to other standards: if the management of four safety contacts with two temperatures (warning and maximum threshold), internal pressure and gas discharge of the transformer associated with a fuse monitoring is presented, it is possible to also consider the electrical load of the transformer, its general pressure, the temperature Isolation oil or other critical point.

Claims (7)

  1. Device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch (I) which comprises means (1, 2, 3) for delivering a voltage (Ve) of a value less than or greater than a predetermined reference voltage value (Vref) depending on whether the switch is open or closed and a comparator (4) for comparing the predetermined reference voltage (Vref) with the voltage delivered by said means and delivering a comparison signal (Vs) having a different value depending on whether the switch (I) is open or closed, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a current limiting circuit (2) and a voltage limiting circuit (3) mounted in series, an input of the current limiting circuit being linked to a first terminal of the switch of which the second terminal is linked to the ground of the device,
    - the comparator (4) having a first input linked to an output of the voltage limiting circuit (3), a second input linked to the reference voltage and an output linked to an input of a low-pass filter (5) and
    - a load regulator circuit (1) mounted between an output of the low-pass filter (5) and the input of the current limiting circuit (2).
  2. Dielectric fluid transformer protection relay monitoring device, the protection relay comprising at least one sensor suitable for delivering a signal when a transformer fault is detected and a switch (I) suitable for changing from the open state to the closed state under the action of the signal delivered by the sensor, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a device (D) for detecting the open or closed state of the switch (I) according to Claim 1, and
    - a microprocessor (8) having an input which receives the comparison signal and an output which delivers a signal suitable for translating the open or closed state of the switch of the protection relay.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, in which the microprocessor (8) comprises means suitable for recording the trend as a function of time of the comparison signal.
  4. Device according to either of Claims 2 and 3 and which comprises, in addition:
    - a channel selector (6) placed upstream of the device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch, the channel selector comprising at least two inputs respectively linked to two different switches of a protection relay and an output linked to an input of the device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch (I), and
    - a frequency control device (10) which delivers a frequency control signal applied to an input of the microprocessor (8), the microprocessor (8) delivering, under the frequency control signal action, a channel control signal which is applied to the channel selector (6).
  5. Device according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the signal suitable for translating the open or closed state of the switch of the protection relay controls a light-emitting diode (LED).
  6. Device according to any one of Claims 2 to 5, further comprising a display (AF) intended to display information relating to the fault that has occurred.
  7. Device according to any one of Claims 2 to 6, in which the microprocessor (8):
    - receives, as input data, one or more measurements recorded by sensors which monitor an operation of the transformer,
    - processes said input data on the basis of a program stored in the microprocessor, and
    - delivers, as output data, parameterized data resulting from the processing of the input data.
EP13174913.7A 2012-07-06 2013-07-03 Device for detecting the open or closed state of a switch and associated transformer protection relay monitoring device Active EP2682972B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1256538A FR2993057B1 (en) 2012-07-06 2012-07-06 OPEN OR CLOSED SWITCHED DETECTION DEVICE AND RELATED TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAY MONITORING DEVICE

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EP2682972A1 EP2682972A1 (en) 2014-01-08
EP2682972B1 true EP2682972B1 (en) 2015-09-16

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3039689B1 (en) * 2015-07-30 2018-12-07 Getraline MONITORING ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
CN107478948B (en) * 2017-09-19 2023-11-10 广东博力威科技股份有限公司 USB load detection circuit and detection method
FR3097648A1 (en) * 2019-06-24 2020-12-25 Idef Systemes protection and monitoring device for an electric transformer of the liquid dielectric type enclosed in a hermetic tank
EP4040619A1 (en) 2019-06-24 2022-08-10 IDEF Systemes Device and method for protecting and/or for monitoring an electrical transformer of the type with liquid dielectric contained in a sealed tank
CN113687224B (en) * 2021-09-18 2024-02-02 杭州和利时自动化有限公司 Switch signal acquisition system and switch signal acquisition equipment thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3801871A (en) * 1973-04-23 1974-04-02 Amf Inc Gfi circuit having tuned circuit fault detector
US4296450A (en) * 1979-10-05 1981-10-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Discriminating circuit breaker protection system direct current power distribution systems
US4947278A (en) * 1989-06-23 1990-08-07 Smart House Limited Partnership Limited Remote sensing power disconnect circuit
US6075688A (en) * 1998-06-19 2000-06-13 Cleaveland/Price Inc. Motor operator with ac power circuit continuity sensor
DE19944461C1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-01-11 Siemens Ag Monitoring method for electromagnetic switching device

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FR2993057A1 (en) 2014-01-10
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