EP2682485A1 - Method and device for producing steel pipes with special properties - Google Patents

Method and device for producing steel pipes with special properties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2682485A1
EP2682485A1 EP13187253.3A EP13187253A EP2682485A1 EP 2682485 A1 EP2682485 A1 EP 2682485A1 EP 13187253 A EP13187253 A EP 13187253A EP 2682485 A1 EP2682485 A1 EP 2682485A1
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Prior art keywords
max
cooling
pipe
tube
temperature
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EP13187253.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2682485B1 (en
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Jürgen KLARNER
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Voestalpine Tubulars GmbH and Co KG
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Voestalpine Tubulars GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of tubes made of steel with increased strength and improved toughness of the material.
  • the invention relates to a device for producing pipes with a special property profile consisting of a device for coolant treatment of a pipe surface.
  • the properties of the material of the tube wall can have significant differences locally and los related. These property differences are usually based on an uneven microstructure and on an unfavorable steel composition or an increased proportion of accompanying and impurity elements.
  • Tubes with a length of 7m and larger and an outer diameter of less than 200mm with a wall thickness of less than 25mm can be subjected to a heat treatment only with great effort, which provides a uniformly fine structure with the desired structure over the entire tube volume and minimizes bending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ,
  • the invention is now based on the object of specifying a method with which during the production of a tube by hot forming, in particular by drawdown, downstream of a treatment thereof takes place, which causes an increase in strength and an improvement in the toughness of the pipe material.
  • the object is achieved by a generic method, in which by immediate rapid cooling after hot forming, in particular after deformation by means of stretch reducing, in each case within a period of at most 20 seconds after the final deformation at a temperature of higher 700 ° C, but below 1050 ° C. in the passage on the outer surface of the tube circumferentially in a length of greater than 400 times the pipe wall thickness, a cooling medium with increased pressure in an amount is applied, which in the rapid cooling an equal cooling rate of greater than 1 ° C / sec of the pipe wall over the pipe length to a temperature in the range of 500 ° C to 250 ° C, after which a further cooling of the Fbhres takes place in air to room temperature.
  • For an integrated tempering treatment may also be advantageous if, after the rapid cooling in a further cooling of the tube in air, a targeted reheating of the pipe wall surface area.
  • the method is used for producing seamless pipes with a length greater than 7 m, in particular up to 200 m, an outer diameter of greater than 20 mm, but less than 200 mm, a wall thickness of greater than 2.0 mm, but less than 25 mm, the increased quality of the pipe can be a considerable advantage reduce inventory and minimize damage due to breakage with significant repair costs.
  • At least one element of the steel may advantageously contain, in terms of a homogeneous high grade of pipe, contents in% by weight of: Carbon (C) 12:05 to 12:35 Phosphorus (P) Max 0015 Sulfur (S) Max 0005 Chrome (Cr) Max 1.0 Titanium (Ti) Max 12:02 exhibit.
  • the further object of the invention to provide a device for producing tubes made of steel with increased strength and improved toughness of the material by rapid cooling after deformation consisting of a means for coolant loading a pipe surface is achieved in that in the rolling direction after the last deformation stand a switchable passage cooling section with a plurality of arranged concentrically around the rolling stock, longitudinally differently positionable distributor rings for the cooling medium is formed in each case with at least 3, each directed substantially to the axis of nozzles, each distribution ring or each group of the same throughput controlled with the cooling medium is anspeisbar ,
  • a device according to the invention it is advantageously possible with a device according to the invention to subject tubes having a different longitudinal extent and with different diameters and wall thicknesses to a targeted heat treatment from the rolling heat, such that a desired microstructure, which is represented uniformly over the tube length, can be obtained.
  • the coolant stream can be designed in each case as a spray stream of coolant, usually water, and / or as a spray stream of coolant and air and / or as a gas stream.
  • regulations for tube cooling with position and temperature sensors are used to control the coolant flows.
  • Example 1 from tube pre-material of the same mother melt with a chemical composition in wt .-% according to Tab. 1
  • the pipe was introduced into a through-flow cooling section at a temperature of 880 ° C. after a time of 12 seconds.
  • microstructure revealed that at most there was in each case an advantageously rectified microstructure, essentially without texture, but with a grain size and microstructure distribution dependent on the final cooling temperature.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structure of sample P1, wherein a particle size of 20 .mu.m - 30 .mu.m at high ferrite content was present.
  • the further structural component was essentially perlite.
  • Fig. 5 shows in a bar graph the measured values yield strength (Rp) (0.2) [MPa], tensile strength (Rm) [MPa], constriction (Ac) [%] and toughness (KV450) [J] of the samples P1 to P4, ie depending on the achieved by the different cooling parameters in the annealing technology, mechanical material properties.
  • Fig. 6 shows the measured hardness values over the pipe length of test tubes P1 and P4.
  • Fig. 7 the hardness profile of the material in the quadrant is shown over the pipe wall thickness of the test tube P2.
  • the measurement results of the four quadrants Q1 to Q4 are averages of four spaced measurements per quadrant in the outer, middle and inner regions of the tube wall.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

Production of steel pipes comprises applying a cooling medium with elevated pressure within a time period of no more than 20 seconds after the last deformation at a temperature of 700-1050[deg] C onto the outside circumference of the pipe over a length of greater than 400 time the pipe wall thickness in a quantity which during rapid cooling provides an equivalent cooling speed of greater than 1[deg] C/second of the pipe wall over the pipe length to a temperature of 500-250[deg] C. Further cooling of the pipe to room temperature is carried out upon exposure to air. An independent claim is also included for a device for producing steel pipes.

Description

Die Erfindung befasst sich mit einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohren aus Stahl mit erhöhter Festigkeit und verbesserter Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes.The invention relates to a method for the production of tubes made of steel with increased strength and improved toughness of the material.

Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohren mit besonderem Eigenschaftsprofil bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung einer Rohroberfläche.Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for producing pipes with a special property profile consisting of a device for coolant treatment of a pipe surface.

Bei einer Fertigung von Nahtlosrohren können die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes der Rohrwand örtlich und losbezogen erhebliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Diese Eigenschaftsunterschiede beruhen zumeist auf einer ungleichen Gefügestruktur und auf einer ungünstigen Stahlzusammensetzung bzw. einem erhöhten Anteil an Begleit- und Verunreinigungselementen.In a production of seamless tubes, the properties of the material of the tube wall can have significant differences locally and los related. These property differences are usually based on an uneven microstructure and on an unfavorable steel composition or an increased proportion of accompanying and impurity elements.

Für hochbeanspruchte Rohre soll aus obigen Gründen eine den Anforderungen entsprechende Gefügestruktur mit in engen Grenzen gegebener Gleichmäßigkeit über die Rohrlänge sowie koaxial in der Rohrwand und eine von schädlichen Elementen freie Werkstoffzusammensetzung gegeben sein.For highly stressed pipes should be given for the above reasons, a structure corresponding to the requirements with given within narrow limits uniformity over the pipe length and coaxial in the pipe wall and a free of harmful elements material composition.

Rohre mit einer Länge von 7m und größer und einem Außendurchmesser von kleiner 200mm bei einer Wandstärke von unter 25mm lassen sich nur mit hohem Aufwand einer Wärmebehandlung unterwerfen, die ein gleichmäßig feines Gefüge mit gewünschter Struktur über das gesamte Rohrvolumen erbringt und ein Verbiegen senkrecht zur Längsrichtung minimiert.Tubes with a length of 7m and larger and an outer diameter of less than 200mm with a wall thickness of less than 25mm can be subjected to a heat treatment only with great effort, which provides a uniformly fine structure with the desired structure over the entire tube volume and minimizes bending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ,

Es sind Verfahren bekannt, bei welchen ein Rohr um dessen Achse gedreht und an der Außen- und/oder Innenoberfläche gekühlt wird. Derartige Wärmebehandlungsverfahren setzen jedoch eine etwa gleich hohe Temperatur des Werkstoffes über die Rohrlänge voraus, um einen homogenen Gefügeaufbau in der Wandung zu erreichen.Methods are known in which a tube is rotated about its axis and cooled on the outer and / or inner surface. However, such heat treatment methods require an approximately equal temperature of the material over the pipe length in order to achieve a homogeneous structural structure in the wall.

Die Erfindung setzt sich nun zum Ziel, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit welchem während der Herstellung eines Rohres durch Warmumformen, insbesondere durch Streckreduzieren, nachgeordnet eine Behandlung desselben erfolgt, welche eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit und eine Verbesserung der Zähigkeit des Rohrwerkstoffes bewirkt.The invention is now based on the object of specifying a method with which during the production of a tube by hot forming, in particular by drawdown, downstream of a treatment thereof takes place, which causes an increase in strength and an improvement in the toughness of the pipe material.

Weiters ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohren zu schaffen, mit welcher nach einer Warmformgebung Rohre mit einem gewünschten Eigenschaftsprofil über die gesamte Rohrlänge erstellbar sind.It is another object of the invention to provide a device for the production of pipes, with which after a thermoforming pipes with a desired property profile over the entire pipe length can be created.

Das Ziel wird mit einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erreicht, bei welchem durch unmittelbare Schnellabkühlung nach einer Warmformgebung, insbesondere nach einem Verformen mittels Streckreduzierens, wobei jeweils innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von höchstens 20sec nach der Letztverformung bei einer Temperatur von höher 700°C, jedoch unter 1050°C im Durchlauf auf die Außenoberfläche des Rohres umfänglich in einer Länge von größer 400mal der Rohrwandstärke ein Kühlmedium mit erhöhtem Druck in einer Menge aufgebracht wird, welche bei der Schnellabkühlung eine gleiche Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von größer als 1 °C/sec der Rohrwand über die Rohrlänge auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500°C bis 250°C erbringt, wonach eine weitere Abkühlung des Fbhres an Luft auf Raumtemperatur erfolgt.The object is achieved by a generic method, in which by immediate rapid cooling after hot forming, in particular after deformation by means of stretch reducing, in each case within a period of at most 20 seconds after the final deformation at a temperature of higher 700 ° C, but below 1050 ° C. in the passage on the outer surface of the tube circumferentially in a length of greater than 400 times the pipe wall thickness, a cooling medium with increased pressure in an amount is applied, which in the rapid cooling an equal cooling rate of greater than 1 ° C / sec of the pipe wall over the pipe length to a temperature in the range of 500 ° C to 250 ° C, after which a further cooling of the Fbhres takes place in air to room temperature.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können besonders hohe und gleichmäßige mechanische Werkstoffwerte, insbesondere Zähigkeitswerte, erstellt werden, wenn der Beginn der Schnellabkühlung der Rohraußenoberfläche bei einer Temperatur von unter 950°C erfolgt.According to the method of the invention, it is possible to produce particularly high and uniform mechanical material values, in particular toughness values, if the start of rapid cooling of the tube outer surface takes place at a temperature of less than 950 ° C.

Für eine integrierte Anlassbehandlung kann weiters von Vorteil sein, wenn nach der Schnellabkühlung bei einer weiteren Abkühlung des Rohres an Luft eine gezielte Rückwärmung des Rohrwand-Oberflächenbereiches erfolgt.For an integrated tempering treatment may also be advantageous if, after the rapid cooling in a further cooling of the tube in air, a targeted reheating of the pipe wall surface area.

Zur Optimierung der Rohrgüte bzw. der Güteverbesserung des Rohrwerkstoffes kann es bei einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens erfindungswesentlich sein, wenn für eine Rohrherstellung Stahl mit einer Konzentration der jeweiligen Legierungs- und Begleit-, bzw. Verunreinigungselemente in Gew.-% von Kohlenstoff (C) 0.03 bis 0.5 Silicium (Si) 0.15 bis 0.65 Mangan (Mn) 0.5 bis 2.0 Phosphor (P) max 0.03 Schwefel (S) max 0.03 Chrom (Cr) max 1.5 Nickel (Ni) max 1.0 Kupfer (Cu) max 0.3 Aluminium (AI) 0.01 bis 0.09 Titan (Ti) max 0.05 Molybdän (Mo) max 0.8 Vanadium (V) 0.02 bis 0.2 Stickstoff (N) max 0.04 Niob (Nb) max 0.08 Eisen (Fe) Rest eingesetzt wird.To optimize the quality of the tube or the quality improvement of the pipe material, it may be essential to the invention in a development of the method, if for pipe production, steel with a concentration of the respective alloying and concomitant or impurity elements in% by weight of Carbon (C) 12:03 to 0.5 Silicon (Si) 12:15 to 0.65 Manganese (Mn) 0.5 to 2.0 Phosphorus (P) Max 12:03 Sulfur (S) Max 12:03 Chrome (Cr) Max 1.5 Nickel (Ni) Max 1.0 Copper (Cu) Max 0.3 Aluminum (AI) 12:01 to 12:09 Titanium (Ti) Max 12:05 Molybdenum (Mo) Max 0.8 Vanadium (V) 12:02 to 0.2 Nitrogen (N) Max 12:04 Niobium (Nb) Max 12:08 Iron (Fe) rest is used.

Dient das Verfahren für eine Herstellung von nahtlosen Rohren mit einer Länge von größer als 7m, insbesondere bis 200m, einem Außendurchmesser von größer 20mm, jedoch kleiner 200mm, einer Wandstärke von größer 2.0mm, jedoch kleiner 25mm, so kann mit erheblichem Vorteil die erhöhte Rohrgüte eine Vorratshaltung verringern und Schadensfälle durch Bruch mit erheblichen Reparaturkosten minimieren.If the method is used for producing seamless pipes with a length greater than 7 m, in particular up to 200 m, an outer diameter of greater than 20 mm, but less than 200 mm, a wall thickness of greater than 2.0 mm, but less than 25 mm, the increased quality of the pipe can be a considerable advantage reduce inventory and minimize damage due to breakage with significant repair costs.

Bei einem eingeschränkten Kohlenstoffgehalt können in günstiger Weise hinsichtlich einer homogenen hohen Rohrgüte mindestens ein Element des Stahles Gehalte in Gew.-% von: Kohlenstoff (C) 0.05 bis 0.35 Phosphor (P) max 0.015 Schwefel (S) max 0.005 Chrom (Cr) max 1.0 Titan (Ti) max 0.02 aufweisen.In the case of a limited carbon content, at least one element of the steel may advantageously contain, in terms of a homogeneous high grade of pipe, contents in% by weight of: Carbon (C) 12:05 to 12:35 Phosphorus (P) Max 0015 Sulfur (S) Max 0005 Chrome (Cr) Max 1.0 Titanium (Ti) Max 12:02 exhibit.

Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohren aus Stahl mit erhöhter Festigkeit und verbesserter Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes durch Schnellabkühlung nach dem Verformen bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung einer Rohroberfläche zu erstellen, wird dadurch gelöst, dass in Walzrichtung nach dem letzten Verformungsgerüst eine schaltbare Durchgangs-Kühlstrecke mit einer Vielzahl von konzentrisch um das Walzgut angeordneten, in Längsrichtung unterschiedlich positionierbaren Verteilerringen für das Kühlmedium jeweils mit mindestens 3, jeweils im Wesentlichen zur Axe gerichteten Düsen ausgeformt ist, wobei jeder Verteilerring oder jede Gruppe derselben durchsatzgeregelt mit dem Kühlmedium anspeisbar ist.The further object of the invention to provide a device for producing tubes made of steel with increased strength and improved toughness of the material by rapid cooling after deformation consisting of a means for coolant loading a pipe surface is achieved in that in the rolling direction after the last deformation stand a switchable passage cooling section with a plurality of arranged concentrically around the rolling stock, longitudinally differently positionable distributor rings for the cooling medium is formed in each case with at least 3, each directed substantially to the axis of nozzles, each distribution ring or each group of the same throughput controlled with the cooling medium is anspeisbar ,

Mit Vorteil ist es bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung möglich, Rohre mit einer unterschiedlich großen Längserstreckung und mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern und Wandstärken einer gezielten Wärmebehandlung aus der Walzhitze zu unterwerfen, wobei derart eine gewünschte Gefügestruktur, welche über die Rohrlänge gleichmäßig dargestellt ist, erhalten werden kann.It is advantageously possible with a device according to the invention to subject tubes having a different longitudinal extent and with different diameters and wall thicknesses to a targeted heat treatment from the rolling heat, such that a desired microstructure, which is represented uniformly over the tube length, can be obtained.

Als besonders günstig betreffend die Gleichmäßigkeit des Vergütungsgefüges sowohl umfänglich als auch in Längsrichtung der Rohrwandung hat sich ergeben, wenn die Düsen jeweils einen sich in Sprührichtung erweiternden, pyramidenförmigen Kühlmittelstrom erstellen.As particularly favorable regarding the uniformity of the compensation structure both circumferentially and in the longitudinal direction of the pipe wall has been found when the nozzles each create a pyramidal coolant flow which expands in direction of spraying.

Der Kühlmittelstrom kann dabei jeweils als Sprühstrom von Kühlmittel, zumeist Wasser, und/oder als Sprühnebelstrom aus Kühlmittel und Luft und/oder als Gasstrom ausgebildet sein.The coolant stream can be designed in each case as a spray stream of coolant, usually water, and / or as a spray stream of coolant and air and / or as a gas stream.

Vorteilhafte Ergebnisse betreffend eine gleichmäßig hohe Rohrgüte konnten auch erreicht werden, wenn der Kühlmittelstrom eine rechteckige Querschnittsform aufweist und die längere Axe des Rechteckes schräg zur Rohrachse gerichtet ist. Erfindungswesentlich sind eine Schaltbarkeit und eine Durchsatzregelbarkeit der Kühlmittelströme in der Durchgangskühlstrecke.Advantageous results regarding a uniformly high tube quality could also be achieved if the coolant flow has a rectangular cross-sectional shape and the longer axis of the rectangle is directed obliquely to the tube axis. Essential to the invention are a switchability and throughput controllability of the coolant flows in the through-flow cooling section.

Wenn eine Zufuhr von Kühlmedium zur Durchgangskühlstrecke in Abhängigkeit von der Position der Rohrenden in dieser schaltbar ist, kann in günstiger Weise ein Eindringen von Kühlmedium in das Rohrhohl vermieden werden, wodurch eine im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen einseitige Innenkühlung vermieden und eine Verbiegung sowie ungleiche Gefügestrukturausbildung hintangehalten werden.If a supply of cooling medium to the through-cooling path in dependence on the position of the pipe ends in this switchable, penetration of cooling medium in the hollow tube can be avoided in a favorable manner, whereby a cross-section substantially unilateral internal cooling avoided and a bending and uneven microstructure education are obstructed ,

Mit Vorteil werden erfindungsgemäß Regelungen für die Rohrkühlung mit Positions- und Temperatursensoren zur Steuerung der Kühlmittelströme verwendet.Advantageously, according to the invention, regulations for tube cooling with position and temperature sensors are used to control the coolant flows.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Beispielen näher erläutert.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples which illustrate only one embodiment.

Beispiel 1: aus Rohrvormaterial der gleichen Mutterschmelze mit einer chemischen Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% gemäß Tab. 1 Example 1: from tube pre-material of the same mother melt with a chemical composition in wt .-% according to Tab. 1

Bezeichnung C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu Al Mo Fe ROM Ø 0.1819 0.2910 1.4231 0.0146 0.0065 0.0415 0.0275 0.0211 0.0274 0.0126 Rest wurden letztlich mittels Streckreduzierens Rohre mit folgenden Dimensionen hergestellt: Rohrlänge (Walzader) (L) 19.300,00 mm Rohrdurchmesser (Ø) 146,00 mm Rohrwandstärke 9,70 mm description C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu al Not a word Fe ROM Ø 0.1819 0.2910 1.4231 0.0146 0.0065 0.0415 0.0275 0.0211 0.0274 0.0126 rest Finally, by means of stretch-reducing tubes with the following dimensions were produced: Pipe length (rolling stock) (L) 19,300.00 mm Pipe diameter (Ø) 146.00 mm Pipe wall thickness 9.70 mm

Nach dem letzten Stich bzw. nach einer Letztverformung im Auslaufgerüst der Streckreduzieranlage wurde das Rohr nach einer Zeit von 12sec mit einer Temperatur von 880°C in eine Durchgangskühlstreckeeingebracht.After the last pass or after a final deformation in the outfeed stand of the stretch reducing plant, the pipe was introduced into a through-flow cooling section at a temperature of 880 ° C. after a time of 12 seconds.

Unter Zugrundelegung des festgestellten Umwandlungsverhaltens des Stahles erfolgte im Rahmen von Untersuchungen an einzelnen Losen bei der Rohrherstellung eine gezielte Beaufschlagung lediglich der Rohraußenoberfläche, wobei an dieser durch Einstellung des Kühlmittelstromes eine Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von ca. 6°C/sec gemessen wurde auf folgende Endtemperaturen: Temperatur Bezeichnung der Probe T1 = 850°C P1 T2 = 480°C P2 T3 = 380°C P3 T4 = 300°C P4 On the basis of the determined conversion behavior of the steel, investigations were carried out on individual lots in the Pipe production a targeted admission only the pipe outer surface, wherein at this by adjusting the coolant flow, a cooling rate of about 6 ° C / sec was measured to the following final temperatures: temperature Name of the sample T1 = 850 ° C P1 T2 = 480 ° C P2 T3 = 380 ° C P3 T4 = 300 ° C P4

Nach Erreichen dieser vorgesehenen Abkühlungs-Endtemperaturen erfolgte eine Abschaltung der Kühlmittelzufuhr und derart eine weitere Abkühlung des Rohres mit geringer Intensität im Wesentlichen an ruhender Luft auf Raumtemperatur.After reaching these intended cooling end temperatures was a shutdown of the coolant supply and such a further cooling of the tube with low intensity substantially in still air to room temperature.

Aus den unterschiedlich wärmebehandelten Rohren wurden jeweils Proben mit den Bezeichnungen P1 bis P4 entnommen und Werkstoffuntersuchungen zugeführt.From the differently heat-treated tubes, samples were taken with the names P1 to P4 and fed material investigations.

Die Ermittlung der Gefügestruktur ergab, dass allenfalls jeweils ein vorteilhaft gleichgerichtetes Gefüge, im Wesentlichen ohne Textur, jedoch mit einer von der Kühl-Endtemperatur abhängigen Korngröße und Gefügeverteilung vorlag.The determination of the microstructure revealed that at most there was in each case an advantageously rectified microstructure, essentially without texture, but with a grain size and microstructure distribution dependent on the final cooling temperature.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Gefüge von Probe P1, wobei eine Korngröße von 20µm - 30µm bei hohem Ferritanteil vorlag. Der weitere Gefügebestandteil war im Wesentlichen Perlit. Fig. 1 shows a structure of sample P1, wherein a particle size of 20 .mu.m - 30 .mu.m at high ferrite content was present. The further structural component was essentially perlite.

In Fig. 2 kann eine wesentlich geringere durchschnittliche Korngröße der Probe P2 von ca. 5µm bis 8µm festgestellt werden, was mit einer niedrigen Kühlendtemperatur von T2 = 480°C in Zusammenhang sbht. Weiters ist der Perlitanteil im Ferrit feiner ausgebildet und geringfügig erhöht.In Fig. 2 a much smaller average grain size of the sample P2 of about 5 .mu.m to 8 .mu.m can be found, which in connection with a low cooling end temperature of T2 = 480 ° C sbht. Furthermore, the Perlitanteil is finer in the ferrite and slightly increased.

Aus Fig. 3 ist ersichtlich, dass der Werkstoff der Probe P3 ein feines Korn durch eine hohe Keimzahl bei einer Umwandlung und Rekristallisation des Gefüges bei einer Kühlendtemperatur von T3 = 380°C und festigketssteigernd weitgehend homogen verteilte Ferritbereiche aufweist. Perlit und Gefüge der oberen Zwischenstufe bzw. oberen Bainit waren die weiteren Bestandteile des Vergütungsgefüges.Out Fig. 3 It can be seen that the material of the sample P3 through a fine grain has a high bacterial count in a conversion and recrystallization of the structure at a cooling end temperature of T3 = 380 ° C and festigketssteigernd largely homogeneously distributed ferrite regions. Perlite and microstructures of the upper intermediate or upper bainite were the other components of the compensation structure.

Das Gefüge der Rohrwand P4, welches bei einer Schnellkühlung nach der Verformung auf eine Kühlendtemperatur T4 = 300°C gebildet wurde, zeigt Fig. 4 . Äußerst feinkörnig und durch engbegrenzte globulitische Ferritphasen mit feinlamellaren Perlit und Zwischenstufenanteilen im unteren Bainitbereich vermitteln hohe Festigkeitswerte bei verbesserter Dehnung des Werkstoffes.The structure of the pipe wall P4, which was formed in a rapid cooling after deformation to a cooling end temperature T4 = 300 ° C, shows Fig. 4 , Extremely fine-grained and narrowly bounded globulitic ferrite phases with fine-lamellar perlite and intermediate portions in the lower bainite range provide high strength values with improved elongation of the material.

Bei einer Abkühlung der Rohrwand mit einer Geschwindigkeit von größer als 1 °C/sec unmittelbar nach der Warmumformung des Eismbasiswerkstoffes kann eine derart geformte Austenitstruktur, wie gefunden wurde, gegenüber dem Gleichgewicht weitgehend unterkühlt werden, wobei in der Folge in Abhängigkeit vom Ausmaß der Unterkühlung und des Keimzustandes eine Gefügeumwandlung erfolgt. Mit Vorteil kann mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens über die gesamte Länge eines Rohres und in überraschender Weise, auch über den Querschnitt eine gewünschte, gleichmäßige Gefügestruktur eingestellt werden, welche Gefügestruktur auch die Werkstoffeigenschaften bestimmt. Mit anderen Worten: Werden von einem Rohr grundlegende Werkstoffeigenschaften gefordert, ist eine Legierungswahl angezeigt. Ein vorgesehenes, vorteilhaftes und günstiges Eigenschaftsprofil des Werkstoffes kann durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erreicht werden.Upon cooling of the tube wall at a rate of greater than 1 ° C / sec immediately after the hot forming of the ice base material, such formed austenite structure has been found to be largely undercooled with respect to equilibrium, as a result depending on the extent of supercooling and the germ state a structural transformation takes place. Advantageously, by means of the method according to the invention over the entire length of a tube and in a surprising manner, also over the cross section, a desired, uniform microstructure can be set, which microstructure also determines the material properties. In other words, if basic material properties are required of a pipe, an alloy choice is indicated. An intended, advantageous and favorable property profile of the material can be achieved by a method according to the invention in the device according to the invention.

Fig. 5 zeigt in einem Balkendiagramm die Messwerte Dehngrenze (Rp) (0.2) [MPa], Zugfestigkeit (Rm) [MPa], Einschnürung (Ac) [%] und Zähigkeit (KV450) [J] der Proben P1 bis P4, also in Abhängigkeit von den durch die unterschiedlichen Abkühlparameter bei der Vergütungstechnologie erreichten, mechanischen Materialeigenschaften. Fig. 5 shows in a bar graph the measured values yield strength (Rp) (0.2) [MPa], tensile strength (Rm) [MPa], constriction (Ac) [%] and toughness (KV450) [J] of the samples P1 to P4, ie depending on the achieved by the different cooling parameters in the annealing technology, mechanical material properties.

Bei gleicher Stahlzusammensetzung kann nach einem Streckreduzieren die Dehngrenze des Werkstoffes der Rohrwand mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens von 424 [MPa] auf 819 [MPa] erhöht und gleichzeitig der Abfall der Dehnwerte von 26 [%] auf 10 [%] minimiert werden, wobei die Materialzähigkeit von 170 [J] auf 160 [J] abnahm.With the same steel composition, after stretching, the Density limit of the material of the tube wall by a method according to the invention of 424 [MPa] increased to 819 [MPa] and at the same time the decrease of the elongation values of 26 [%] to 10 [%] are minimized, the material toughness of 170 [J] to 160 [ J] decreased.

Bei hohen Abkühlungsendtemperaturen, wie dies beispielsweise für das Probematerial P1 gilt, ist ein hohes Ausmaß an Rekristallisation und Grobkornbildung gegeben, was zwar hohe Zähigkeit und Einschnürung dem Werkstoff vermittelt, jedoch vergleichsweise geringe Festigkeitswerte bedingt.At high cooling end temperatures, as is the case, for example, with the sample material P1, a high degree of recrystallization and coarse grain formation is present, which, although it imparts high toughness and constriction to the material, causes comparatively low strength values.

Eine Abkühlung auf niedrigere Umwandlungstemperaturen erhöht die Festigkeitswerte der Rohrwand und verringert naturgemäß dabei auch geringfügig die Einschnürung und Zähigkeit des Materials, wie dies anhand der Proben P2, P3 und P4 gezeigt ist.Cooling down to lower transformation temperatures increases the strength values of the pipe wall and, by its nature, also slightly reduces the constriction and toughness of the material, as shown by the samples P2, P3 and P4.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind auch gezielt Gefügestrukturen im Werkstoff einstellbar, woraus das Eigenschaftsprofil der Rohrwand resultiert. Beispielsweise konnte bei Proberohr P4 durch tiefe Umwandlungstemperatur ein hohes Maß an Umwandlung in eine untere Bainitstruktur des Gefüges erreicht werden, wodurch eine Steigerung der Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes erreichbar war.With the method according to the invention, it is also possible to adjust specific microstructures in the material, resulting in the property profile of the pipe wall. For example, in the case of sample tube P4, owing to the low transformation temperature, a high degree of conversion into a lower bainitic structure of the microstructure could be achieved, as a result of which an increase in the toughness of the material could be achieved.

Fig. 6 zeigt die gemessenen Härtewerte über die Rohrlänge von Versuchsrohren P1 und P4. Mit einer Erhöhung der Härte [HRB] und Festigkeitswerte des Werkstoffes durch Intensivierung der Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung verringert sich auch, wie gefunden wurde, eine Streuung S der Materialhärte über die Rohrlänge. Fig. 6 shows the measured hardness values over the pipe length of test tubes P1 and P4. With an increase in the hardness [HRB] and strength values of the material by intensifying the coolant application, it has also been found that a scattering S of the material hardness over the pipe length is reduced.

In Fig. 7 ist der Härteverlauf des Materials in den Quadranten über die Rohrwanddicke des Versuchsrohres P2 dargestellt.In Fig. 7 the hardness profile of the material in the quadrant is shown over the pipe wall thickness of the test tube P2.

Die Messergebnisse der vier Quadranten Q1 bis Q4 sind Mittelwerte aus jeweils vier beabstandeten Messungen je Quadrant im Außen-, Mittel- und Innenbereich der Rohrwand.The measurement results of the four quadrants Q1 to Q4 are averages of four spaced measurements per quadrant in the outer, middle and inner regions of the tube wall.

Wie aus dem Vergleich der jeweiligen Härtewerte über den Querschnitt der Rohrwand in den Quadranten ersichtlich ist, liegen lediglich geringste Unterschiede in der Materialfestigkeit vor, wodurch die erreichbare Erzeugnisgüte durch Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und einer dgl. Vorrichtung dargestellt ist.As can be seen from the comparison of the respective hardness values across the cross section of the pipe wall in the quadrant, only slightest differences in the material strength are present, whereby the achievable product quality is represented by using the method according to the invention and a like device.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohren aus Stahl mit erhöhter Festigkeit und verbesserter Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes durch unmittelbare Schnellabkühlung nach einer Warmformgebung, insbesondere nach einem Verformen mittels Streckreduzierens, wobei jeweils innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von höchstens 20sec nach der Letztverformung bei einer Temperatur von höher 700°C, jedoch unter 1050°C, im Durchlauf auf die Außenoberfläche des Rohres umfänglich in einer Länge von größer 400mal der Rohrwandstärke ein Kühlmedium mit erhöhtem Druck in einer Menge aufgebracht wird, welche bei der Schnellabkühlung eine gleiche Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von größer als 1 °C/sec der Rohrwand über die Rohrlänge auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500°Cbis 250°C erbringt, wonach eine weitere Abkühlung des Rohres an Luft auf Raumtemperatur erfolgt.A method for producing steel tubes having increased strength and improved toughness of the material by immediate rapid cooling after hot working, in particular after stretch reducing, each within a period of at most 20 seconds after final deformation at a temperature higher than 700 ° C, but below 1050 ° C, in the passage on the outer surface of the tube circumferentially in a length greater than 400 times the pipe wall thickness, a cooling medium with increased pressure in an amount is applied, which in the rapid cooling an equal cooling rate of greater than 1 ° C / sec of the pipe wall the tube length to a temperature in the range of 500 ° C to 250 ° C, after which a further cooling of the tube in air to room temperature takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem der Beginn der Schnellabkühlung der Rohr-Außenoberfläche bei einer Temperatur von unter 950°C erfolgt.The method of claim 1, wherein the start of the rapid cooling of the tube outer surface at a temperature of less than 950 ° C takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem nach der Schnellabkühlung bei einer weiteren Abkühlung des Rohres an Luft eine gezielte Rückwärmung der Rohrwand erfolgt.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein after the rapid cooling in a further cooling of the tube in air, a targeted reheating of the pipe wall. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei für eine Rohrherstellung Stahl mit einer Konzentration der jeweiligen Legierungs- und Begleit-, bzw. Verunreinigungselemente in Gew.-% von Kohlenstoff (C) 0.03 bis 0.5 Silicium (Si) 0.15 bis 0.65 Mangan (Mn) 0.5 bis 2.0 Phosphor (P) max 0.03 Schwefel (S) max 0.03 Chrom (Cr) max 1.5 Nickel (Ni) max 1.0 Kupfer (Cu) max 0.3 Aluminium (Al) 0.01 bis 0.09 Titan (Ti) max 0.05 Molybdän (Mo) max 0.8 Vanadium (V) 0.02 bis 0.2 Zinn (Sn) max 0.08 Stickstoff (N) max 0.04 Niob (Nb) max 0.08 Calcium (Ca) max 0.005 Eisen (Fe) Rest
eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein for a tube production steel with a concentration of the respective alloying and accompanying or impurity elements in wt .-% of Carbon (C) 12:03 to 0.5 Silicon (Si) 12:15 to 0.65 Manganese (Mn) 0.5 to 2.0 Phosphorus (P) Max 12:03 Sulfur (S) Max 12:03 Chrome (Cr) Max 1.5 Nickel (Ni) Max 1.0 Copper (Cu) Max 0.3 Aluminum (Al) 12:01 to 12:09 Titanium (Ti) Max 12:05 Molybdenum (Mo) Max 0.8 Vanadium (V) 12:02 to 0.2 Tin (Sn) Max 12:08 Nitrogen (N) Max 12:04 Niobium (Nb) Max 12:08 Calcium (Ca) Max 0005 Iron (Fe) rest
is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, für eine Herstellung von Ölfeldrohren mit einer Länge von größer 7m, insbesondere bis 200m, einem Außendurchmesser von größer 20mm, jedoch kleiner 200mm, und einer Wandstärke von größer 2.0mm, jedoch kleiner 25mm.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, for a production of oilfield pipes with a length of greater than 7m, in particular up to 200m, an outer diameter of greater than 20mm, but less than 200mm, and a wall thickness of greater than 2.0mm, but less than 25mm. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Stahl für eine Rohrherstellung mindestens ein Element mit einem Gehalt in Gew.-% von: Kohlenstoff (C) 0.05 bis 0.35 Phosphor (P) max 0.015 Schwefel (S) max 0.005 Chrom (Cr) max 1.0 Titan (Ti) max 0.02
aufweist.Process according to claim 4, wherein the steel used for a pipe production comprises at least one element with a content in% by weight of: Carbon (C) 12:05 to 12:35 Phosphorus (P) Max 0015 Sulfur (S) Max 0005 Chrome (Cr) Max 1.0 Titanium (Ti) Max 12:02
having. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohren aus Stahl mit erhöhter Festigkeit und verbesserter Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes durch eine Schnellabkühlung nach einem Verformen, insbesondere nach einer Formgebung des Rohres mittels Streckreduzierens, bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung einer Rohroberfläche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Walzrichtung nach dem letzten Verformungsgerüst eine schaltbare Durchgangs-Kühlstrecke mit einer Vielzahl von konzentrisch um das Walzgut angeordneten, in Längsrichtung unterschiedlich positionierbaren Verteilerringen für ein Kühlmedium jeweils mit mindestens 3, jeweils im Wesentlichen zur Axe gerichteten Düsen ausgeformt ist, wobei jeder Verteilerring oder jede Gruppe derselben durchsatzgeregelt mit dem Kühlmedium anspeisbar ist.Apparatus for producing steel pipes with increased strength and improved toughness of the material by rapid cooling after deformation, in particular after shaping the pipe by means of stretch reducing, consisting of a device for coolant treatment of a pipe surface, characterized in that in the rolling direction after the last deformation stand a switchable passage cooling section is formed with a plurality of concentrically arranged around the rolling stock, in the longitudinal direction differently positionable distributor rings for a cooling medium in each case with at least 3, each directed substantially to the axis of the nozzle, wherein each distribution ring or each group of the same throughput controlled with the cooling medium is anspeisbar. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsen jeweils einen sich in Sprührichtung erweiternden, pyramidenförmigen Kühlmittelstrom erstellen.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the nozzles each create a widening in spray direction, pyramidal coolant flow. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlmittelstrom eine rechteckige Querschnittsform aufweist und dass die längere Axe des Rechteckes schräg zur Rohrachse gerichtet ist.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the coolant flow has a rectangular cross-sectional shape and that the longer axis of the rectangle is directed obliquely to the tube axis. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zufuhr von Kühlmedium zur Durchgangskühlstrecke in Abhängigkeit von der Position der Rohrenden in dieser schaltbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a supply of cooling medium to the through-cooling path in dependence on the position of the pipe ends is switchable in this.
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