EP2681725A1 - Procédé de régulation d'un trafic sur un axe principal de circulation, système et produit programme d'ordinateur correspondants - Google Patents
Procédé de régulation d'un trafic sur un axe principal de circulation, système et produit programme d'ordinateur correspondantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2681725A1 EP2681725A1 EP12707728.7A EP12707728A EP2681725A1 EP 2681725 A1 EP2681725 A1 EP 2681725A1 EP 12707728 A EP12707728 A EP 12707728A EP 2681725 A1 EP2681725 A1 EP 2681725A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicles
- access
- axis
- density
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/075—Ramp control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of regulating traffic on a main traffic axis by maintaining a vehicle density below a critical threshold, by controlling an actuator controlling the access of vehicles to the main axis from an access axis.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a main axis 2 of circulation for vehicles, associated with an axis 7 of access to this main axis 2 of circulation.
- the main axis 2 of circulation can thus be for example a highway, a road for automobile, or a railway.
- the arrows Q e and Q s represent the flows of vehicles, respectively, entering and leaving the portion of the axis 2 of vehicles.
- the arrow Q r represents the flow of vehicles returning to the portion of the axis 2 of circulation by the axis 7 access.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram whose curve 11 represents the flow rate Q s of vehicles at the exit of a portion of a circulation axis 2, as a function of the density p of vehicles on this portion of the circulation axis 2.
- the dotted line 14 represents the tangent at the origin of the curve, and is indicative of the ideal flow when the density p is sufficiently low so that the vehicles do not interfere with each other during their circulation. This line therefore shows the flow rate in the case where all the vehicles are traveling at the free speed Vf.
- the main problem to be solved by the regulation of traffic on a main axis 2 of circulation consists in regulating the access of the vehicles to this main axis of circulation 2 so that the traffic density p remains below a critical density p r beyond which the circulation of vehicles will no longer be fluid.
- the regulation possibilities are thus reduced to the control of access to the main axis 2 of circulation from an access axis 7.
- An actuator 3 controlling the access of the vehicles is then placed at the interface between the access axis 7 and the main axis 2 in order to regulate the traffic on the main axis 2 by controlling the access to the vehicle.
- a light signaling light is an example of actuator 3 commonly used to regulate vehicle access to the main axis 2 from the axis 7 access. It can also be a mobile barrier or any other suitable device.
- Such an actuator 3 usually controls the access by authorizing or not the access of the vehicles.
- this light works by successively lighting indicators each having a meaning, for example:
- an orange indicator light indicates the imminent illumination of the red indicator light and prohibits the passage of vehicles unless they can not stop safely.
- the control of the operation of such an actuator 3 must then be constructed in order to regulate the traffic.
- a common way of adapting its operation to the density p of vehicles is to change the ignition times of the indicators. For a density p of vehicles given on the access axis 7, increasing the proportion of the cycle time when the red indicator is lit leads for example to reducing the flow rate Q r of vehicles returning on the main axis 2, while increasing the proportion of the cycle time when the green indicator is lit leads to increase the flow rate Q r of vehicles returning on the main axis 2.
- the control of an actuator 3 may be fixed, in which case the operating parameters of the actuator 3 are set according to a scenario, and such a control does not make it possible to adapt the operation of the actuator 3 to conditions which may be very different from those taken into account in that scenario.
- the control of an actuator 3 can be variable and then depend on the measurement of an external parameter.
- the regulation may be different as a function of time, to take into account time slots where the density p of vehicles is supposed to be greater than in other time slots.
- it is a system whose calibration is empirical and very delicate, and which does not take into account any changes in traffic conditions, such as the occurrence of an accident, weather conditions, or the presence of works.
- a more advanced system consists in having sensors measuring parameters making it possible to deduce a density p of circulation on the main axis, and using this knowledge to determine a command of an actuator 3.
- the determination of the command sets most often implemented a modeling of the density p of vehicles on the axis of circulation as described above.
- the invention proposes to overcome at least one of these disadvantages, preferably all.
- a method of regulating a traffic on a main axis of circulation by the control of an actuator controlling the access of vehicles to the main axis from an axis access in which:
- At least one sensor measures the density of vehicles on the main axis
- a control device connected to the sensor and implementing a model-less estimation of the behavior of the traffic of the vehicles on the main axis, calculates a first control variable, the first control variable being determined by the control device; function:
- control device determines a control variable taking into account the first control variable
- control device sends the control variable to the actuator
- the actuator controls the access by authorizing or not allowing the access of the vehicles on the main axis from the access axis according to the control variable, so that the traffic on the main axis is regulated.
- control device calculates the first control variable rjft according to the formula:
- a is a constant coefficient such that F and ar are of the same order of magnitude;
- the vehicle density reference p * (t) is determined as a function of:
- estimates of the critical density p cr and the free speed V f being determined from the measurements of the density p and the average speed v of the vehicles on the axis of circulation;
- the method also comprises a step of model-less estimation of the behavior of the main axis according to which the estimation without a model of the behavior of the circulation is calculated according to the formula:
- control device determines the control variable r (t) taking into account the first command variable ri (t) by taking:
- the method further comprises the steps according to which:
- a detector connected to the control device, detects the presence or absence of vehicles at a measuring point on the access axis
- control device determines a second variable r 2 according to the detection of the presence or absence of vehicles at the point of measurement of the access axis by the detector
- control device determines the control variable r (t) by taking into account the first control variable rt) and the second control variable r 2 (t) by taking:
- r (t) max (r i (t); r2 (t));
- the actuator controls the access by authorizing the access of the vehicles on the main axis for a duration g of access authorization proportional to the duration Te of a cycle C, according to the ratio between the variable r ( t) and a control parameter Q t of the saturation of the access axis by: laughs) laughs)
- the invention also relates, according to a second aspect, to a system for regulating a traffic on a main axis of circulation by controlling an actuator controlling the access of vehicles to the main axis from an access axis, said system comprising:
- control device being connected to the sensor and being adapted to
- an actuator adapted to control access by authorizing or not allowing access of the vehicles on the main axis by taking into account the first variable r t) of control, so that the traffic on the main axis is regulated.
- the system further comprises a detector connected to the control device and adapted to detect the presence or absence of vehicles at a measuring point on the access axis, the device being further adapted to:
- the invention also relates to a computer program product for carrying out the steps of the method comprising program code instructions for executing the steps of the method according to the invention, when said program is executed on a program. system according to the invention.
- the invention has many advantages.
- the invention implements a control called without a model by the person skilled in the art who, by its robustness, adaptability and simplicity properties, provides outstanding performance not equaled by known devices, in a development time very short, adapted to the industrial environment.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to control the time spent in optimally adjusting the parameters for implementing the regulation method, whether in a simulation study or on site.
- the invention has the advantage of not requiring the knowledge of a mathematical model of the layout of the main axis of circulation or of the axis of access thereto, resulting in an even greater gain in time for the design of the control system (there is no need to identify the parameters of the model).
- the invention can also be implemented on existing systems with very few adaptations, thanks to the computer program product according to the invention, which, once loaded onto the adapted system, allows the implementation of a process according to the invention.
- the load of the controller is minimal, (simple processing and low number of operations).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram representing the flow rate Q s of vehicle at the exit of a portion of a traffic axis as a function of the density p of vehicles on this portion of the traffic axis;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a main axis of circulation with an access axis provided with the system according to the invention
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents a principle of a possible embodiment of a system according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a principle of a possible embodiment of a control device of a system according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the main steps of a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 in combination with FIG. 3, schematically represents a principle of a possible embodiment of a system for regulating a traffic on a main axis 2 of circulation, according to the invention.
- the control system mainly comprises a device 4 for controlling at least one actuator 3 controlling the access of vehicles to the main axis 2 from an access axis 7 for regulating the traffic on the main axis 2, the control device 4 acting as a regulator.
- the actuator 3 is for example a light signaling light, a movable barrier or any other device able to control the access of vehicles.
- the main axis 2 is for example a highway, a road for automobile, or a railway.
- the system further comprises a sensor 6 measuring the density p of vehicles on the main axis 2 by means for example of the occupancy rate (in percentage) of a circulation space of the axis 2 by the vehicles circulating there.
- the density p can be deduced from this occupancy rate, for example by means of assigning a standard occupancy value to each vehicle.
- the sensor 6 preferably comprises magnetic loops in order to determine both the occupancy rate, the speed and the average speed of the vehicles. It can still be counting vehicles, video and image processing. In addition, several sensors can be implemented to determine different variables.
- the senor 6 is positioned at the access axis 7 (FIG. 3) so that the vehicles accessing the circulation axis 2 are taken into account in the measurement of the density (or the 'occupation).
- the control device 4 is adapted to calculate and send a control variable r to the actuator 3 by implementing an estimate [F] without a model of the behavior F of the vehicular traffic on the main axis 2, said control without model being described in more detail in the remainder of this description, with reference to FIG. 4 relating to a possible embodiment.
- the variable r of control is determined by the control device 4 by taking into account a first variable ri control previously calculated by said device 4 control.
- the principle of the invention is based on a local model of the behavior of the traffic on the main axis 2 of circulation, recalculated and updated periodically at each step of a time interval T e defining a sampling period. In other words, it is not necessary to have a complete physical model of the behavior of the traffic on the main axis 2.
- r (t) and p (t) are respectively the control variable for the actuator 3, and a measurement of the density p (t) of vehicles, evolving over time;
- F is a variable which represents the not precisely determined behavior of vehicular traffic on the main axis 2: it is a variable updated at each time step T e of a sampling period, a period that can be variable;
- a is a constant coefficient, determined so that F and a.r (t) are of approximately the same order of magnitude, and preferably of the same order of magnitude.
- n 1
- control device 4 calculates an estimate [F] of the variable, set at each time step T e , according to the formula:
- p * is a vehicle density setpoint on the main axis 2 of circulation, preferably chosen to be less than a density p cr of critical vehicles beyond which the circulation is no longer fluid.
- any p * density setpoint can be used depending on the objectives and constraints to be met by the control system.
- the vehicle density reference p * (t) can be determined as a function, for example, of two parameters, for example as a function of:
- the invention may then first include a step of estimating these two parameters.
- these parameters can be expressed as a function of measured quantities, such as measurements of the density p and the average speed v of the vehicles on the circulation axis 2, and their derivatives, up to order 2 , in relation to time.
- the derivatives can also be estimated similarly to the estimate of the time derivative of the measurement of the density p of traffic vehicles to be regulated presented above.
- estimates of the critical pcr density and the free Vf velocity can be determined from measurements of the p density and the average vehicle velocity on the traffic axis 2.
- the estimates of the critical pcr density and the free Vf velocity can be determined from measurements of the p density and the mean v velocity according to:
- the value K can be estimated according to
- An example of density setpoint p * can then be the critical density p cr , with the objective of establishing a setpoint maximizing the flow rate Q s of vehicles, since it is maximum at the critical density p cr while ensuring fluid circulation.
- the critical pcr density determination method presented above is highly efficient, but requires data of great richness, which currently existing sensors can not always provide.
- a second method of determining the critical density p cr presented below allows to afranchir this constraint by using measurements of the speeds supplied by stations of automatic data collection (RAD).
- the measurements provided by the RAD stations relate to three traffic variables:
- occupancy rate (in%) (translated in terms of vehicle density), the average speed in kilometers per hour.
- the objective is, from these data, to be able to distinguish congested areas from fluids. In other words, to implement or not the regulation systems. Indeed, in fluid mode, there is no need to activate the control access. It is activated when a congestion occurs. The command will start as soon as the average speed is higher than or equal to a threshold speed Vseuii- In the case of a motorway network, an example of a threshold speed v seu ii is 85 km / h.
- the flow capacity corresponds to the maximum flow of vehicles that have been flown for one hour before switching to the saturation situation.
- congestion is defined as the inconvenience due to an accumulation of vehicles in circulation on a traffic axis. It covers situations of relatively mild discomfort to the harshest situations.
- Saturation is the hardest form of congestion. It appears when the demand exceeds the flow capacity of the traffic axis, and is characterized by the formation of permanent queues over a certain period of time and a sharp fall in the average speed v. In practice, on major roads such as motorways and national roads, saturation is reached when the average speed v reaches 30km / h. In this case, the service level of the section in question is very badly degraded and the congestion is at its maximum.
- p cr be the critical density, p; the initial value, ⁇ and ⁇ of the values allowing to define the threshold:
- the set density p * can then be critical density p cr, defined using only data rate and occupancy rates collected by ARD stations and taking into account a threshold speed v seu ii discomfort.
- the sampling period may be fixed or variable, for example to adapt to the speed of variation of the parameters.
- this control variable r is used to control the actuator 3, in order to control the flow Q r of vehicles returning on the main axis 2 of circulation since the axis 7 of access by allowing or not the access of vehicles, so that the traffic of vehicles on the main axis 2 is regulated.
- the control of the actuator 3 depends in particular on the type of actuator used.
- such an actuator 3 controls the access of the vehicles in a cycle C, allowing the passage of vehicles during a period g of the cycle C, and prohibiting the passage of vehicles during the rest of the cycle C.
- a use of the variable r is to determine the duration of access authorization as as a proportion of the duration Te of the cycle C, as a function of the ratio between the variable r of control and a variable Q sat saturation of the access axis 7 according to:
- the duration Te of the cycle C may then for example be 40 seconds, and the duration g will then represent the duration of illumination of the green indicator light allowing the access of vehicles.
- a duration g Too long would prevent the red indicator from being lit, which can be disruptive to the drivers of the vehicles.
- the green indicator light in the case where the duration g exceeds a maximum proportion d max of the duration Te of the cycle C, it is preferable for the green indicator light to remain alone during the entire duration Te of the cycle C.
- the red indicator light remains alone during the entire duration T c of the cycle C.
- the only density p of vehicles on the main axis 2 of circulation may not be satisfactory. Indeed, if the access axis 7 becomes cluttered with vehicles, for example in the case where the density p of vehicles on the main axis 2 becomes too high and the actuator 3 allows the passage of vehicles for a period g insufficient for the flow Q r of vehicles returning to the main axis 2 from the access axis 7 exceeds the flow of vehicles on the axis 7 access to enter the main axis 2.
- a detector 9 connected to the control device 4 and able to detect the presence or absence of a vehicle at a measurement point M, on the axis 7 of access.
- the detector 9 is provided so that the detection of the presence or absence of a vehicle by the detector 9 is representative of the existence of a queue of vehicles stretching at least from the actuator 3 to the point M of measurement. It may be a presence detector of the type known to those skilled in the art, or a system similar to the sensor 6. The detector 9 may for example send a detection variable m representative of the presence or absence of vehicles at point M of measurement.
- a first control variable r ⁇ is determined according to the method described above, said control variable r ⁇ being determined to regulate the density p of vehicles on the main axis 2 of circulation according to:
- a second control variable r 2 is then determined as a function of the value taken by the detection variable m, thus depending on the presence or absence of a vehicle at the measurement point M detected by the detector 9.
- the second control variable r 2 is intended to resorb the queue of vehicles on the access axis 7 and its determination will therefore depend on the configuration of the access axis 7 (position of the measurement point M , average flow of vehicles on the access axis 7 ).
- the second control variable r 2 is generated by a data processing module 8 in response to the detection variable m.
- the first command variable ri and the second command variable r 2 are transmitted to a selector 5 which selects that of the first command variable r 1 and the second command variable 2 which has the highest value to be the variable r command that is sent to the actuator 3.
- control of the actuator 3 will then be done by means of a control variable r chosen as the maximum between r 1 and r 2 :
- r (t) ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ; ⁇ 2 ).
- the actuator 3 controls the access of the vehicles of the access axis 7 to the main axis 2 not only to regulate the density p of vehicles on the main axis 2, but also to avoid the overflow of the vehicle queue on the access axis 7 beyond the point M of measured.
- the point M is chosen at a distance adapted so that the detection of the presence of a vehicle at this point M, that is to say when the queue reaches said point M, can cause the capture in consideration of the resorption of the queue of vehicles in the control of the actuator 3, as explained above, before it extends to an area upstream of the axis 7 of access where the presence of a queue of vehicles is undesirable, such as a roundabout.
- the point M be chosen at a sufficient distance from the actuator 3 so that the vehicle queue can reach a length that is suitable for storing a sufficient number of vehicles so that the regulation has an effect on the density p of vehicles on the main axis 2.
- a method of regulating traffic on a main axis 2 of circulation by the control of an actuator 3 controlling the access of the vehicles to the main axis 2 from an axis 7 of access comprises the steps according to which:
- At least one sensor 6 measures IF the density p (t) of vehicles on the main axis 2; a control device 4 connected to the sensor 6 and implementing an estimation is [F] without a model of the behavior F of the circulation of the vehicles on the main axis 2, calculates S2 a first variable rt) of control, the first control variable ri (t) being determined by the control device 4 according to:
- control device 4 determines S3 a control variable r (t) taking into account the first control variable ri (t);
- control device 4 sends S4 the control variable r (t) to the actuator 3;
- the actuator 3 controls S5 the access by authorizing or not the access of the vehicles on the main axis 2 according to the variable r (t) of control, so that the traffic of vehicles on the main axis 2 be regulated.
- the method may further comprise the steps of:
- a detector 9 connected to the control device 4 detects S6 the presence or absence of vehicles at a measurement point M on the access axis 7,
- control device 4 determines S7 a second control variable r 2 (t) as a function of the detection of the presence or absence of a vehicle at the measuring point M, the control device 4 determines S3 the control variable r (t) taking into account the first control variable ri (t) and the second control variable r 2 (t) according to:
- r (t) max (r (t); r 2 (t)).
- max is the mathematical operator taking the maximum of the two values ri (t) and r 2 (t).
- the method may include the steps of:
- the sensor 6 measures S8 an average speed of the vehicles on the axis 2 of circulation
- the setpoint p * (t) of vehicle density is determined S 10 as a function of the estimates of the critical density p cr and the free speed V f.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product which, when loaded onto a suitable system, allows the implementation of a method according to the invention.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1151604A FR2972067B1 (fr) | 2011-02-28 | 2011-02-28 | Procede de regulation d'un trafic sur un axe principal de circulation, systeme et produit programme d'ordinateur correspondants |
| PCT/EP2012/053354 WO2012116982A1 (fr) | 2011-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | Procédé de régulation d'un trafic sur un axe principal de circulation, système et produit programme d'ordinateur correspondants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2681725A1 true EP2681725A1 (fr) | 2014-01-08 |
Family
ID=45811478
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12707728.7A Withdrawn EP2681725A1 (fr) | 2011-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | Procédé de régulation d'un trafic sur un axe principal de circulation, système et produit programme d'ordinateur correspondants |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2681725A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2972067B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012116982A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2761502B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-26 | 1999-06-18 | Michel Glinel | Procede et installation de commande de moyens de signalisation routiere pour l'optimisation des flux de vehicules |
| NL1036041C2 (nl) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-11-03 | Roy Farley Gene Van Sprang | Systeemrijden (oplossing fileproblematiek 2010-2050). |
-
2011
- 2011-02-28 FR FR1151604A patent/FR2972067B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-02-28 WO PCT/EP2012/053354 patent/WO2012116982A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-28 EP EP12707728.7A patent/EP2681725A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHI R H ET AL: "A Model-free Periodic Adaptive Control for Freeway Traffic Density via Ramp Metering", ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA,, vol. 36, no. 7, 1 July 2010 (2010-07-01), pages 1029 - 1033, XP027173447, ISSN: 1874-1029, [retrieved on 20100701] * |
| See also references of WO2012116982A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2972067B1 (fr) | 2013-04-12 |
| FR2972067A1 (fr) | 2012-08-31 |
| WO2012116982A1 (fr) | 2012-09-07 |
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