Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
  • H01J61/34—Double-wall vessels or containers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
  • H01J61/547—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting using an auxiliary electrode outside the vessel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
  • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

• the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Such lamps are in particular high-pressure discharge lamps for general lighting.
• PRIOR ART US Pat. No. 5,811,933 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel in which a starting aid is used.
• the ignition aid is a so-called UV enhancer.
• the same is known from DE 20 2010 011 029.
• a foil electrode is described.
• the distance between the inner electrode of the UV-enhancer to the inner wall has a wesentli ⁇ chen influence on the ignition of the UV-enhancer.
• WO 2010/131574 shows embodiments to a Geo ⁇ metrievariation the inner electrode.
• a further metal component in the UV enhancer which favors the charge transfer ⁇ port of the dielectric barrier discharge. This is costly.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp whose ignition is reliable. This is especially true for metal halide lamps, where the material of the discharge vessel is quartz or ceramic.
• UV radiation is used for the reliable ignition of krypton85-free high-pressure discharge lamps. This is often provided by UV enhancers. Reliable ignition of all high-pressure discharge lamps requires UV radiation in the wavelength range ⁇ 280 nm. A lower threshold of about 160 nm results from the transmission range of the discharge vessel (quartz or ceramic). To solve this problem, mercury-containing UV enhancers with radiation in the abovementioned range have been used , in particular at a wavelength of 254 nm. In order to reduce the mercury content in high-intensity discharge lamps, UV enhancers without mercury with corresponding UV emission are necessary.
• the vessel of the UV enhancer can consist of quartz or of another UV-transparent glass, especially toughened glass. Also solutions with a UV enhancer, in which the discharge vessel made of ceramic, are possible, provided that the discharge vessel is translucent in the UV.
• a molybdenum foil is provided which ensures the gas-tight passage through the quartz glass and acts as a power supply. At the same time, it is the inner electrode of the UV Enhancers.
• the power supply through the glass can also be done with a wire or pencil.
• appropriate techniques are used as well known from the construction of ceramic discharge vessels.
• the ignition voltage of the UV-enhancer is directly dependent on the distance of the inner electrode to the inner wall of the Entla ⁇ -making vessel. This results in different solutions for different basic technologies.
• the portion of the molybdenum foil, which is arranged inside the discharge vessel ⁇ may be partially or completely curved. Thus, the distance to the inner wall is kept low. It is particularly preferred if the molybdenum ⁇ foil can be clamped between opposed inner walls of the generally cylindrical discharge vessel via a spring effect. This reduces the distance to the inner wall to the conceivable minimum.
• a high probability of a discharge in the UV enhancer is obtained in the area where the highest electric field strengths occur at the internal electrode. This is effectively achieved where there is the least distance between the external electrode and the inner electrode of the UV enhancer.
• Another possibility is to reduce the distance of the inner Mo ⁇ lybdänfolie to a pumping tip of the discharge vessel made of quartz glass.
• a further embodiment is to shape the discharge vessel, in particular made of quartz glass, so that the distance to the molybdenum foil is likewise reduced as a result.
• This has the advantage that the molybdenum foil can be easier to thread in and then, during squeezing or in a separate step after squeezing, the quartz glass is deformed in such a way that the distance to the molybdenum foil is reduced. At best, the quartz glass ⁇ then touches the molybdenum foil.
• Such deformation may be local, such as in the middle of the discharge vessel or else especially where the external electrode is seated. The deformation can also take place over a larger part of the discharge vessel or even over the complete discharge vessel.
• High field strengths are generally favored by film edges that are as sharp as possible.
• the molybdenum foil used is doped into special ⁇ with yttrium, in particular 0.2 to 2 wt .-%.
• Further advantageous oxides are cerium oxide and Lan ⁇ thanoxide. These mentioned oxides can also be used in a mixture.
• filling conventional fillings can be used, in particular noble gases such as argon, Penninggemische as Ar ⁇ gon-another noble gas or mixtures of noble gases and halogens or halogen compounds such as dibromomethane.
• noble gases such as argon, Penninggemische as Ar ⁇ gon-another noble gas or mixtures of noble gases and halogens or halogen compounds such as dibromomethane.
• fluorine compounds can preferably be used only in a ceramic UV enhancer or in a coated glass flask.
• halogen dimers CI 2 *, Br 2 * and F 2 * is a filling of the UV enhancer with 100% chlorine gas and the other above-mentioned gaseous halogen compounds and compounds with sufficient vapor pressure possible. But even with the addition of unmixed or mixed noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon), the halogen dimer radiation can be generated.
• unmixed or mixed noble gases helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon
• the gaseous halogen compounds are mixed with the corresponding noble gases. In some cases, combinations of noble gases can also be mixed in here.
• the pressure of the filling gas in the UV enhancer is in the range 1 mbar to 1 bar. The intensity of the UV radiation produced typically increases with the filling pressure, so that an upper limit for the pressure results from the ignition voltage of the UV enhancer, which must be designed for the ignition and operating devices of the lamp.
• UV enhancers with two electrodes
• further components such as a capacitor (US 4,987,344) or even more complex controls (US 4,721,888) is possible to the current through the UV enhancer limit.
• UV-enhancers have prevailed, which have an internal and external electrode and utilize a the ⁇ lectric barrier discharge. These UV enhancers are relatively inexpensive.
• UV enhancer a UV-transparent can-like container with inner wall and front side and Has longitudinal axis, wherein the container encloses with its inner wall a cavity which is filled with a gas which can emit UV radiation, wherein in the cavity an inner bent electrode having at least one bend or a kink, is housed so that a Bending or a kink as close as possible to the inner wall of the container, and wherein an external electrode is mounted externally near the container.
• High-pressure discharge lamp indicates that the inner electrode is a foil-like electrode with a spring effect or a spi ⁇ ralartig wound wire.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized ge ⁇ indicates that the film-like electrode in the cavity extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, and at least one transverse to the longitudinal ⁇ axis pointing lateral bend or kink to In ⁇ nenwand out.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 4 characterized ge ⁇ indicates that the length of the film exceeds the length of the cavity, wherein a free end of the
• Electrode is either bent back against the longitudinal axis or is fixed in a front surface of the container.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized indicates overall that the foil-like electrode is split at ih ⁇ rem free end into a plurality of branches, which are bent back.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized ge ⁇ indicates that the foil-like electrode is folded accordion-like.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized ge ⁇ indicates that the width of the film is greater than the smallest inner dimension of the container, wherein the film is folded so that it has at least one bend or a bend parallel to the longitudinal axis.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 9 characterized ge ⁇ indicates that the film-like electrode is tapered in the direction of the front side.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1 characterized in that the container is cylindrical or has at least one narrow point, in particular in the form of a dent or constriction or flattening.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 12 characterized in that the foil corresponds in its width we ⁇ sentlichen the smallest internal dimension of the container, especially at most 5% of which in their
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1 characterized in that the external electrode is mounted on the front side.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized in that the film edge has a serrated structure.
• High-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2 characterized in that the spiral-wound wire is widened like a film at one end, which serves for the sealing.
• Figure 1 is a high-pressure discharge lamp having a starting aid, specific ⁇ matically (Figure la) and the cut-out (figure lb). 2 different embodiments of a UV enhancer in quartz glass execution (Figure 2a to 2h);
• Figure 3 shows the top view of selectedsbei ⁇ games of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 shows the top view of embodiments with fitted foil;
• FIG. 5 shows the top view of embodiments with a deformed discharge vessel
• Figure 6 shows the side view of exemplary embodiments with deformed discharge vessel
• Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a UV enhancer. Preferred embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 1 a a metal halide lamp 1 is shown schematically (FIG. 1 a), in which a discharge vessel 2 made of PCA is contained in an outer bulb 3 made of quartz glass, which is closed off with a base 4.
• the discharge vessel 2 has two ends, sit on the capillaries 5.
• the discharge vessel 2 is provided with a metal halide filling, as known per se. It is supported in the outer bulb 3 by means of a frame 6, which has a short frame wire 7 and a long hanger wire 8.
• a UV enhancer 10 On a first capillary 5 sits a UV enhancer 10, which is connected to the short frame wire 7 via a feed line 11.
• the counter electrode to it also called external electrode, is a foil strip 9, which extends from the Bü ⁇ money wire 8 to the UV enhancer 10 and this surrounds a semicircle.
• a wire or a sufficient proximity of the stirrup wire to the UV enhancer 10 for the function of the counter electrode is sufficient.
• the smallest possible distance and a mög ⁇ lichst large contact area which holds not only a point but at least a quarter-circle to semi-circle environmentally, as shown in Figure lb is.
• Figure 2a shows in detail a container or discharge ⁇ vessel 12 of the UV enhancer 10.
• the container 12 is in principle a can or cup-like tube made of quartz glass with side wall 13, bottom part 14 and dome 15.
• the Beston ⁇ ter can also be shaped differently his and he can also be made of tempered glass.
• Essential to the invention is that the container 12 is a filling of halogen gas, or halogen gas combined with noble gas, in particular a Penninggemisch or argon having.
• the container 12 has a tubular cavity 17, in which from one side, the bottom part 14, an electrode 18 protrudes.
• the electrode is sealed in a pinch 16 associated with the bottom part 14.
• the length of the electrode 18 in the container 12 is significantly longer than the length L of the cavity 17. It is at least ⁇ given to at least 20% longer than L.
• the electrode 18 is bent in accordance with Figure 2a in the cavity, so that they are opposite to two Side walls resiliently applied. The electrode thus has a bend near the bend.
• the cavity 17 must be large enough to accommodate the single electrode 18, the UV enhancer operating on the dielectrically impeded discharge principle.
• the electrode 18 is a pin or preferably a foil, usually made of W or Mo. It has a contact wire 11 attached to the outer end 19, see Figure 1.
• the electrode 18 is inserted into the cavity 17. Then, a filling gas is filled into the cavity 17 and the cavity, in particular with a pinch 16, closed.
• FIG. 2 b shows an embodiment in which the electrode has a kink which is seated in the vicinity of the dome 15.
• FIG. 2c an embodiment is shown, in which the electrode 18 is cut in the axis and thereby forms an axial trunk 19 and two branches 20.
• the two branches 20 are bent to two sides. Even ⁇ course this figure can be generated in other ways he ⁇ by 19 two separate branches or more branches are scheduled for example, to a tribe.
• FIG. 2 d shows an exemplary embodiment in which the electrode 18 is cut in the axis and thereby forms an axial stem 19 and two branches 20.
• the two branches 20 are bent to two sides.
• this shape can be generated in another way, he ⁇ by two separate branches 19 or more branches are stated, for example, to a strain.
• the container 12 is provided with a thickened dome 25.
• the film-like electrode 18 rests with its tip 26 on the inner wall of the ver ⁇ thick dome.
• This embodiment is as ⁇ prepared by that the foil-like electrode 18 laundri ⁇ during the process of melting of the exhaust tip, where ⁇ forms a dome with them, the silica glass in the direction tung pinch is compressed sixteenth Due to a reduced pressure compared with the atmospheric pressure, the doughy glass of the pump tip is drawn into the interior of the UV enhancer during melting.
• the boundary conditions for the bulbous concerns of the Mo film to the cylindrical wall is the smallest possible thickness of the Mo film.
• Mo films with thicknesses ⁇ 20 ⁇ m are used, in particular 5 to 20 ⁇ m, which then have a low rigidity and can easily bulge out due to the overlying pump tip.
• laterally folded or curved film can not be additionally removed in the longitudinal direction, since here the stiffness of the Mo film is too long in the longitudinal direction. It places itself in approximately in the middle of the discharge vessel on the inner ⁇ wall. The upper edge of the film 26 is still arranged in the gas space.
• the length of the film is preferably settled in the range of 105 to 115% of L.
• FIG. 2f a similar exemplary embodiment is shown, in which the film upper edge 27 is embedded in the dome 25, which is formed by melting.
• the length of the film before ⁇ Trains t in the range of 115 to 130% of L located.
• FIG. 2g Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2g.
• the sheet-like electrode 18 is kinked several times ge ⁇ .
• It can also be compressed here in the process of Abschmel ⁇ zen of the thickened dome 25, so that a plurality of break points 30 result, where the electrode 18 of the inner wall of the container comes close.
• a concrete exemplary embodiment of the filling is a UV enhancer, in which krypton with a 0.5% by volume admixture of chlorine gas CI 2 is used as filling gas.
• the UV enhancer shows strong UV radiation of the excimer line KrCl * at a wavelength of 222 nm.
• the cold filling pressure is in the range 500-700 mbar.
• FIG. 2 The embodiments of Figure 2 are in principle each good for cooperating with external electrodes.
• external electrodes are advantageously used, which surround the UV enhancer in the middle of the cylindrical part of the container 12 and annular in particular, have a planar extension.
• Example ⁇ example is a foil tape 32 or a flat wire is used squeezed. See the illustration in Figure 2h.
• a high probability for the formation of a discharge is obtained in an area where the highest possible electric field strengths at the inner electrode 18 result. This can be achieved by the smallest possible distance between the external electrode 32 and the internal electrode 18.
• For the highest possible intensity of the UV radiation generated by the UV enhancer it is advantageous to provide as many locations as possible at which such a condition is fulfilled. Therefore, as many points of contact of the inner electrode 18 to the side wall 13, if possible at the level of the external electrode 32, are desirable, in particular, this applies to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 g.
• FIG. 3a shows the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 2a and 2b in plan view.
• the width B of the film is before ⁇ Trains t 40 to 80% of the inner diameter of the container 12.
• Figure 3b shows the embodiments of Figure 2c and 2d in plan view.
• the width B of the film is before ⁇ Trains t 40 to 80% of the inner diameter of the container 12.
• FIGS. 2 a and 2 b For the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, four points are obtained at which the foil-type electrode 18 comes particularly close to the side wall 13 or even touches it. For the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2c and 2d, these are two points. For the embodiment of 2g are several points, the number depending on the number of folds of the electrode 18.
• FIG. 4a shows a top film 18A before insertion into the container about its unfolded width C to demonst ⁇ Center. According to Figure 4A, this film is fitted into the step part Cylind ⁇ 38th In this case, the film is simply bent or bent several times prior to fitting, so that it can be inserted into the container 12 and spreads there due to its spring force to the outside and thereby rests against the side wall 13.
• Figure 4a shows an embodiment with a bend 40
• Figure 4b an embodiment of an eo 38 containing more ⁇ reren wrinkles 40
• Figure 4 c an embodiment with a gentle bend 41st
• a preferred embodiment has a ge ⁇ shaped upper edge of the film according to Figure 4d.
• the dome 25 facing top edge 42 is triangular ⁇ tips, which facilitates the insertion of the film-like electrode 38 into the container 12. It is essential only that a region of the electrode facing the dome 25 is tapered. This sharpening can be done, for example, by folding over the foil edge or already during the cutting process of the foil.
• Figure 5 shows embodiments in which the distance between the electrode 18 and side wall 13 of the container 12 is controlled by molding the container 12. The distance is reduced by constricting the container. . , so that can be defined quasi ever two broad sides and narrow ⁇ sides of the container.
• This arrangement has the principal advantage that the sheet-like electrode 18 can be easily threaded into the container 12 by being threaded over the broad side and then rotated.
• FIG. 12 shows an embodiment wherein the Be ⁇ container 12, which was initially cylindrical, is elliptically deformed. The edge of the electrode 18 on the narrow sides 48 is located on and is perpendicular to the wide sides 49.
• Figure 5b shows an embodiment, wherein the Be ⁇ container is pressed in height of the foil edge 50 12 and forms a dent 51st
• Figure 5c shows an embodiment in which the container is Be ⁇ flattened side 12, thereby forming the narrow sides 48th
• the dent may be local and punctiform, as shown in Figure 6a, or via a greater axial length than constriction 52 be expanded, see Figure 6b.
• Preferably 35 sits just an external electrode in the amount of the dent 51 or 52.
• a constriction derar- term arrangement can be particularly reliably achieve a Re ⁇ duztechnik the ignition voltage for the UV enhancer.
• FIG. 6c shows a further embodiment in which the minimum distance in the region of the end face 55 of the Be ⁇ sanitaryers is sought.
• the front side is extra flattened.
• the dome is thickened and the electrode 18 is guided into the dome.
• the external electrode 35 is applied to the end face 24 or dome 25.
• the electrical de 18 is designed so as to be ⁇ irrit even high field strengths by having partial areas with sharp Folienkan ⁇ th.
• the film edge can be shaped specifically. Concrete embodiments are shown in FIGS. 7a to 7d.
• the high field strength can be achieved by a triangular configuration 60 of the film edge according to FIG. 7a, by a rectangular design 61, see FIG. 7b, or semi-circular cutouts 62, see FIG. 7c, or slots 63, see FIG. 7d.
• An offset or oblique orientation, as known with a saw blade, is also possible.
• a film made of molybdenum is typically applies ver ⁇ as an electrode which is doped in particular with the Elektronenaustrittsar ⁇ beit degrading substances.
• an oxide of yttrium, cerium or lanthanum is suitable, concrete embodiments are a doping with 0.5 to 0.7 wt .-% Y203, mixed oxides Ce203 / Y203 or even mixtures Ce203 / Y203 / La203 can be used.
• the Mo film for lowering the ignition voltage with metallic alloys in particular at least one element selected from the group Ru, Ti, Ta, Nb, en ⁇ thalten, or with ceramic layers, in particular selected from the group nitrides, oxides, silicides are, or even with other easily ionizable materials, in particular tungsten material with very high potassium content, etc., coated.
• FIG. 8a Another embodiment of a UV enhancer is shown in FIG.
• the container is made of quartz glass, hard glass or ceramic.
• a wire is spirally or helically guided along the side wall of the cylindrical container 12, see FIG. 8a.
• the wire acts as a passage, without a film must be used for sealing.
• quartz glass in principle, a film for the pinch is required. This can be saved by the fact that preferably the wire of the electrode 58 at its end 61 which is sealed to ⁇ is flattened or sufficiently flattened.
• the film is thus integrally attached ⁇ to the wire of the electrode 58, but they may also be separately recognized.
• conventional UV enhancer usually require ignition ⁇ voltage of typically 3.5 kV
• one from the present invention can guide shape lowered to values of typically down to 1 kV, the ignition voltage.
• halide-containing filling gases in particular noble gases with halogen, prevent blackening over the lifetime. They also increase the proportion of excimer radiation. Specific examples are argon with C12 or Br2 or J2. but it is also pure argon as a filling gas.
• a halide-containing additive such as dibromomethane (DBM) can be used.
• DBM dibromomethane
• a concrete example is argon with an addition of 2000 to 10000 ppm DBM.

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