EP2672338A2 - Dispositif permettant de réaliser un horloge de référence avec ajustement automatique avec la rotation de la terre, de l'heure interne au système - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de réaliser un horloge de référence avec ajustement automatique avec la rotation de la terre, de l'heure interne au système Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2672338A2
EP2672338A2 EP13400007.4A EP13400007A EP2672338A2 EP 2672338 A2 EP2672338 A2 EP 2672338A2 EP 13400007 A EP13400007 A EP 13400007A EP 2672338 A2 EP2672338 A2 EP 2672338A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time
clock
real
microcomputer
switching
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EP13400007.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2672338A3 (fr
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Heribert Oechsler
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G3/00—Producing timing pulses
    • G04G3/04—Temperature-compensating arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G21/00—Input or output devices integrated in time-pieces
    • G04G21/02—Detectors of external physical values, e.g. temperature

Definitions

  • quartz crystals based on crystal or ceramic oscillators have been used for a long time.
  • these quartz crystals have a temperature-dependent frequency run in addition to the temporal aging, either the operating temperature must be kept constant in order to increase the temporal precision, or the temperature run of the quartz must be compensated by suitable measures.
  • the operating voltage of the clock generator to stabilize.
  • the quartz crystal is mounted together with the electronic components of the oscillator in a housing which is heated constantly to a temperature of about 50 ° C to 80 ° C. Since these clocks or oscillators in addition to long-term stability also have a low phase jitter, or a good short-term stability, they are usually used only in high-frequency instruments or high-frequency communication devices. However, such discretely constructed temperature-stabilized clock generators or oscillators with quartz ovens are complicated and therefore relatively expensive.
  • the second way to stabilize the frequency of the clock generator is to compensate for the temperature-induced frequency drift of the quartz crystal.
  • the clock generator is stabilized by a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator, which is disposed within the IC package.
  • IC based RTC are also available for external oscillating crystals or ceramic resonators. Since quartz crystals and / or ceramic resonators, as already stated, have a temperature-dependent frequency sweep, their temperature run is stabilized by different compensation measures.
  • an electronic power switch which is built into each luminaire and measures the centrally controlled duty cycle and compares it with the data stored on an internal data store power-on data of the previous day. By means of this data, the time of night shutdown or dimming of the lights is then determined. With a rotary switch, the switch-on time and the switch-off time for the dimming can be set at fixed intervals with this technology.
  • Another product also calculates the time range for the dimming from the previous switching cycle of the last day.
  • the dimming time can be selected here in fixed preset ranges of 6, 8 or 10 hours.
  • WO 2006/126240 A1 excludes the duty cycle on the season and accordingly drives different nocturnal brightness curves.
  • CH 549927 describes a method wherein the described twilight switch operates with time delays to minimize switching hysteresis.
  • the aforementioned real-time clocks and switching devices have, depending on the method used, as well as the design of the central control, more or less pronounced system-specific disadvantages.
  • compulsorily switching hystereses and temporal inaccuracies of the switching on and off the switched consumers compulsorily switching hystereses and temporal inaccuracies of the switching on and off the switched consumers.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device which, without parallel synchronization by radio or carrier frequency transmission, or without the presence of wired switching lines to optimize the long-term stability and temporal precision of real-time clocks.
  • Apparatus for realizing a long-term stable reference clock characterized in that it automatically adjusts itself, the earth's rotation and accordingly the daily twilight cycles are used as a time reference and this consists of a microcomputer or a hardwired or programmable digital logic and a real time clock including clock generator, which preferably is formed by a commercial, special real-time clock IC and the microcomputer or the digital logic is associated with a programmable semiconductor read-write memory so that its data can be written and read by the microcomputer or the digital logic and in the semiconductor memory for the 365 days of the year the times of the preferably Central European time of the daily sunrises and sunsets are stored and in addition the data of the Leap years are stored and in the microcomputer runs a computer program, or the digital logic which realizes the functions according to the invention is organized such that the functions according to the invention are realized and the microcomputer or the digital logic is designed so that the detected by a central or decentralized photosensor Brightness of the two daily twilight cycles or the centrally controlled
  • the invention describes a reference clock with an automatic correction function, which is characterized by a high long-term stability.
  • the special feature is that this long-term stability is realized without complex, highly stable time standards and that no connection or synchronization to a public standard time standard is required.
  • the daily sunrises and sunsets determined by the earth's rotation are detected and evaluated.
  • embodiments for the application of this reference clock will be described.
  • the reference clock consists, at least, of an electronic real-time clock with clock generator, as well as of a microcomputer and a programmable, non-volatile semiconductor data memory, as well as a computer program, by means of which the function or method according to the invention is realized. Furthermore, a connection to a photosensor must be included to detect the dawn and dusk. In order for the power supply to be guaranteed for intermittent mains operation for at least 24 hours, it must be buffered.
  • batteries or high capacitive capacitors are used.
  • the power can also be provided by photovoltaic cells or solar cells, which can also serve to detect the dawn and dusk at the same time.
  • the real-time clock or real-time clock contained in the reference clock according to the invention is termeviated RTC, describes an electronic clock according to the state of the art, which defines the time in the form of year, month, day, hour, minute, second and optionally the fraction of a second.
  • the system time is counted up with the smallest time resolution and the displayed time data is output to the microcomputer through an interface for further processing.
  • the aforementioned hardware, as well as their function according to the invention can also be realized by a programmable or hard-wired logic, for example according to the state of the art by ASIC application-specific integrated circuit, or FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array, or CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device.
  • a watch If a watch is to provide a minute-by-minute indication in autarkic operation over a period of several decades, it usually requires a high-precision internal time standard, or synchronization with an external and highly accurate time standard.
  • Inexpensive watches usually use quartz crystals, ceramic resonators or other resonant resonating systems. These watches are not suitable for the aforementioned requirements as sole time standard.
  • the data sheet of a real-time clock or real-time clock ICs realized according to the aforementioned patents describes the internal time base with a gear accuracy of + - 5 ppm in the temperature range from - 40 ° C to + 70 ° C.
  • This IC requires no external oscillating quartz and allows the following accuracy: + - 0 . 432 sec / Day / + - 3 sec / week / + - 13 . 4 sec / month / + - 157 . 68 sec / year
  • a prior art and exemplified IC fabricated according to the aforementioned patents is defined in the best version in the temperature range of 0 to + 40 ° C with + - 2 ppm, a deviation of + - 63.07 seconds means per year.
  • a real-time clock that should be used for such a purpose must therefore be regularly synchronized with a more accurate time standard.
  • Radio transmitter for Europe usually the long-wave transmitter DCF77 in Mainflingen, which is a highly accurate time standard and sends out corresponding coded data, or wired time standards, e.g. via the NTP (Network Time Protocol), after which the quartz watches can be synchronized.
  • NTP Network Time Protocol
  • the emissions of the GPS navigation system can be used as a highly accurate time base.
  • the method of the reference clock presented here is a relatively simple and inexpensive alternative to stabilize the internal real-time clock with simple means for decades to the minute, without the connection to external wireless or wired time standards is required.
  • the basic idea of the reference clock according to the invention is based on using the rotational speed of the earth as a time reference, according to which a commercially available, and according to the state of the art, realized by semiconductor real-time clock is synchronized at regular intervals.
  • the absolute accuracy of the Earth's rotational speed is limited by geophysical processes.
  • the mean annual deviation therefore fluctuates and is currently well below one second within one year.
  • the Coordinated Universal Time which is based on the rotational speed of the Earth, does not differ from the day-night change by more than one second, a leap second is inserted after a deviation of 0.9 seconds or the coordinated world time UTC is stopped by one second.
  • the difference of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to the International Atomic Time (TAI) is always less than one second per year.
  • the morning and evening twilight time is used in each case.
  • the object to be achieved for the realization of the reference clock is, inter alia, to eliminate the different twilight times, which result mainly from different levels of cloud cover, so that these times can be used for tracking the real time clock contained in the reference clock.
  • the complete annual twilight profiles for the 365 days are mapped in tables or mathematically generated curve courses in a fixed-value data memory on which the microcomputer can access. These expected target data are then compared daily by the microcomputer with the detected current twilight values, evaluated and determined the statistical deviation.
  • the internal system time of the real-time clock must be set to the current time and date. Furthermore, it is useful, as will be described, to perform an advance referencing by storing a previously determined correction value.
  • at least one data interface must be provided, by means of which this can be realized. This may be a wired computer interface, a radio or infrared interface, or as described below, a clocked data transmission over the supply network, wherein a data transfer is realized by rhythmic ON-OFF switching of the 230 V network.
  • logging is used for detecting and logging the middle twilight threshold.
  • the logging, detection and logging of the mean earth rotation by determining the twilight cycles is carried out according to the following procedure:
  • a photosensor By a photosensor, or optionally by the evaluation of the terminal voltage of a solar cell, which can simultaneously supply the necessary energy for operation of the reference clock, the ambient brightness is measured.
  • a twilight switch is formed by means of a trigger circuit with fixed or variably adjustable threshold, which generates a switching signal from the average twilight value, so that the time of the onset of dusk and the time from the end of dawn can be logged.
  • this device is used for time-controlled power reduction of lighting systems, these lights are normally switched centrally via a central twilight switch with a photosensor such that the 230 V power supply is turned on by this.
  • the 230 V switch-on and switch-off signal of the luminaires can be used for logging the twilight cycles.
  • dawn, dusk or the times of dawn and dusk can be used.
  • the method presented here uses the measured time period between dawn and dusk.
  • One possibility is to log the twilight times on the semiconductor memory of the processor to store a table with the predicted twilight times for an entire annual cycle based on the latitude of the location, to compare it with the date of the real-time clock and derive a reference value from it.
  • a better method is to derive a sufficiently accurate reference from the switching cycles of twilight times using statistical methods. This is then used to determine a reference to the real time.
  • the method of correction described here is relatively insensitive with respect to different locations. Naturally, however, it is not suitable for use north or south of the two polar circles.
  • the time average can be calculated according to the following formula: Time of the morning ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ twilight + Time of the evening ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ twilight / 2 + correction value ,
  • the value thus obtained is adjusted for seasonal fluctuations and is still subject to weather-related fluctuations.
  • the value is either stored in a table and used to calculate the arithmetic mean, or, more effectively, continuous arithmetic integration is performed.
  • the more switching cycles that are included in this integration the lower the fluctuations or the lower the influence of weather-related fluctuations.
  • the value representing the statistical mean is meaningfully not calculated as an integer, but in such a way that the seconds can be derived from it.
  • the system-internal time depends exclusively on the accuracy of the internal real-time clock and the precision of its clock generator.
  • the creation of statistics for the twilight cycles is started. If the system is in operation for a sufficient period of time, the statistical mean value is stored as a reference value once and permanently.
  • the reference clock is operated in a network, as usual for street lighting, and some new reference clocks are added at a later date.
  • the central photosensor serving as twilight sensor which switches on the 230V power supply of the luminaires at dusk, has been changed in its switching characteristic. This could lead to a slightly different result for the new reference clocks when calculating the reference value.
  • the newly added reference clocks can already be set to the same reference value as the reference clocks previously available in the system network before they are installed. For this purpose, it should be possible to read the reference values of the previously installed reference clocks in order to then read these into the newly installed reference clocks.
  • the corresponding reference value is calculated separately from the geo-position data of the intended place of use and the new reference clocks to be newly installed are preset with this reference value.
  • the known conversion formulas from the WOZ (true local time) to the CET (Central European Time) can be used.
  • a one-sided shading leads to a different time in the detection of dawn and dusk and thus leads to a shift in the statistical average.
  • the photosensor has a switching hysteresis, which is intended to prevent the sensor from switching several times at the onset or end of twilight and fluctuating brightness due to different levels of clouding.
  • this property also causes the brightness value that detects the evening twilight to represent a different brightness value than the value that detects the morning twilight. This also causes a temporal shift of the detected mean value.
  • this effect can be minimized by designing the photosensor and the subsequent circuitry defining the trigger threshold to define different switching hystereses for the detection of dusk and dawn.
  • the switching between the two hystereses can then take place, for example, at 12:00 and 24:00.
  • the triggering then takes place at the same brightness values.
  • the reference value is calculated solely from the geo-position data, the o.g. Factors to a corresponding deviation.
  • System-related factors such as the properties of the photosensor and its hysteresis can be taken into account mathematically, factors such as the orientation of the photosensor, shading, extraneous light usually not.
  • the curve 3 first follows the statistical deviation 2 downwards and approaches the curve 1, the drift of the real-time clock or RTC. It then rises again along the drift of the RTC.
  • the time 4 at which the curve 3 has reached its low point is the optimal time for the creation of the reference value.
  • the maximum deviation remains at the value 5 over the entire lifetime of the clock and it fluctuates by a maximum of 6 due to the continued statistics.
  • Fig. 2 The graphic shown is not drawn to scale for better representability and therefore not provided with real values. Likewise, the graph of the statistic values depends on the statistic generation method, and may have a different form depending on the method.
  • a change in the time of day means that the statistical average only changes slowly during the next twilight cycles. Each additional cycle would re-adjust the real-time clock time in the same direction, which would lead to overcorrection and excessive clocking times.
  • each table entry in the statistic must be corrected by the same amount at the same time as the time is changed, or this amount must be taken into account in the case of mathematical integration.
  • the reference clock is in operation for a sufficiently long time, it can be assumed that the statistical average will tend not to change any more and that the value fluctuates within the same limits within seconds due to weather conditions. If the clock of the real-time clock continues to be tracked according to the above-mentioned method, this fluctuation has a direct effect on the display of the reference clock.
  • This fluctuation can be drastically reduced if, from now on or successively increasing, the method for tracking the real-time clock or the method for generating the statistical mean value is changed.
  • the weighting of new twilight cycles is either greatly reduced from now on with each further calculation of the statistical mean value, or the real-time clock is only adjusted by a fraction of a second during readjustment. This causes the time to fluctuate only slightly and that it gradually approaches the exact mean. It is also possible to use a combination of both methods.
  • step size When choosing the step size for adjusting the real-time clock, care must be taken that the step size is large enough to compensate for the drift of the real-time clock under all conditions.
  • the time for adjusting the clock depends on the intended scope. If the watch is operated as a normal clock for time display, it is advisable to adjust the clock at a time when the clock is rarely observed. For example, at 2:00 in the night.
  • the clock is not used for time display, but for the switching of lights, for the timed dimming of lights or for other time-controlled and synchronously departing switching operations, the time should be synchronized with a specified switching operation.
  • an optional replacement operating mode may be provided.
  • an error flag is set by the latter, which can be read out by the microcomputer and evaluated accordingly.
  • the date can be checked for change. A new twilight cycle with the same date then indicates a malfunction.
  • the system switches to the replacement operating mode.
  • a precautionary statistic of the duration of the twilight cycles is created for this case, continuously updated and stored in the read-only memory.
  • the time between the two daily twilight cycles is logged and the statistical average calculated.
  • the microcomputer takes over the function of the real-time clock and generates the time accordingly. Due to the lower precision of the clock generator of the microcomputer, however, the temporal stability of the reference clock will inevitably deteriorate.
  • the reference time which establishes the relationship between the real time and the twilight switch cycles, can still be used. If an automatic daylight saving changeover is configured, the switching times can be shifted by half an hour and thus realize a "half summer time" all year round. It is also conceivable that the season is concluded on the basis of the predetermined, seasonally different twilight cycles and that the approximate period for a summer time changeover is determined from this.
  • Substitute operation is terminated when the time is manually reset. Thus, after elimination of the fault, the normal operation can be continued.
  • the real-time clock as well as the microprocessor with its associated components can, for example, also be present twice as a functional unit.
  • the two separate functional units A and B work in parallel, whereby normally the function of A is realized. If the functional unit A now has a malfunction, its function is taken over by B.
  • This design feature of the redundancy has long been known and corresponds to the prior art.
  • the transmission of the parameters necessary for commissioning and operation can be carried out in a variety of ways, e.g. via serial interface, USB interface or other wired computer interfaces.
  • the parameter data are preferably transmitted via the common 230 V power supply network.
  • the common 230 V power supply network As a simple method, which is also capable of obstructing obstacles such as To overcome electromagnetic or electronic switches, it is possible to perform the transmission of information as a rhythmic switching on and off of the supply voltage.
  • this data transmission should preferably be carried out in bright daylight in order to avoid irritation of the road users.
  • the coding of the information is preferably carried out by the short-term switching on / off of the 230 V AC power supply.
  • the time length of the ON and OFF times, as well as the pauses between the individual bit and the characters are defined in time.
  • the known ASCII code with corresponding short-long changes can be used to define the individual characters.
  • This code for the input of the dimming times preferably consists of four Ausschaltiques with different lengths of time. For example, long, long, short, long.
  • the dimming times are viewed from midnight.
  • the first transmitted time information (start of dimming) is the time in quarter hours before midnight
  • the second transmitted time information (end of dimming) is the time in quarter hours after midnight.
  • Seconds Means, for example, that the dimming should start at 22:00 and end at 5:00.
  • the data transmissions are checked by the device according to the invention for plausibility. Only meaningful inputs are accepted as changes. This prevents unwanted changes due to random switching sequences.
  • the automatic dimming device is integrated into a luminaire, another method of transmitting the configuration data is available: the data is transmitted by means of a coded light signal, e.g. Infrared light, transmitted. So it is possible to make configuration changes such as to change the dimming times from the ground without tools through the transparent luminaire cover. Change requests e.g. of residents, so can be met individually without much effort.
  • a coded light signal e.g. Infrared light
  • the operating states and as acknowledgment information for a successful reprogramming it makes sense to provide a corresponding display option. Since this system saves costs by saving energy, this display should also cause the least possible additional costs. Therefore, the use of a simple light-emitting diode is proposed here. By rhythmically blinking in a predefined manner, all configurations and operating states can be displayed.
  • the dimming time 1 and the dimming time 2 are displayed, similar to the configuration input.
  • the inventive function of the reference clock can be integrated into various applications.
  • an autonomously operating switching device for surface lighting systems will be described below.
  • the device described which includes a reference clock according to the invention, serves to dimming street lights preferably at predefined night time for energy saving, or turn off.
  • a reference clock serves to dimming street lights preferably at predefined night time for energy saving, or turn off.
  • dimming may only be carried out within the time limits provided for this purpose.
  • a programmable switching device powered by the 230 V supply network of luminaires is installed in each luminaire.
  • This device includes at least one reference clock according to the invention, the required to operate the reference clock 230 V power supply with buffering and at least one preferably electronic relay.
  • the buffering of the power supply is required to maintain the power supply of the reference clock during the day phase, ie the time in which the lights are normally switched off by switching off the 230 V mains.
  • These may preferably be chemical batteries or high-capacitance capacitors.
  • the function according to the invention is, as already mentioned, realized by the reference clock with integrated real-time clock and a microcomputer with the associated components and a computer program. At least the following components are present:
  • a preferably commercial IC which includes the function of the real-time clock and the clock generator and a commercially available microcomputer and a programmable read-only memory integrated into the microcomputer and / or implemented as a separate IC and a photosensor for detecting the daylight and / or a connection realized in another way an external photosensor, for the detection of daylight.
  • connection to the said external photosensor is preferably carried out by the detection of the on and off times required for the operation of the luminaires 230 V AC supply network.
  • a 230 V power supply which is preferably buffered by a capacitor or rechargeable battery, or a power supply which is used by chemical batteries to supply the aforementioned components is required to operate the reference watch.
  • the buffering of the 230 V power supply must be designed so that an operation of at least 24 hours can be realized.
  • At least one of the reference clock preferably a semiconductor relay or a thyristor or transistor, is present.
  • the aforementioned components are installed in a housing made of metal or plastic and are hermetically sealed in this preferably by insulating potting compounds.
  • the shape of this housing is preferably designed as a round or square tube.
  • These housings consist of previously known methods either from pipe sections or prefabricated fittings.
  • the potting compounds preferably consist of two-component resins, two-component elastomers, two-component foams or two-component silicone compositions. Optionally heat-crosslinkable or otherwise crosslinkable potting compounds can be used. Both the design of the housing, as well as the hermetic encapsulation of the electronics corresponds to the prior art.
  • the electrical connection is made either by insulated wires, which protrude from the potting compound, or from one or more terminal strip / s for external wiring, which protrude from the potting compound.
  • the device according to the invention with the reference clock and the switching components can be mounted both in the luminaire and in the base of the luminaire pole in the area of the fuse and terminal box.
  • the device according to the invention is protected by the hermetic sealing of the components against harmful environmental influences such as moisture.
  • Application example 2 as a system clock in control systems and regulations that work autonomously in the outdoor area and rely on an independent, long-term stable time.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
EP13400007.4A 2012-04-18 2013-04-15 Dispositif permettant de réaliser un horloge de référence avec ajustement automatique avec la rotation de la terre, de l'heure interne au système Withdrawn EP2672338A3 (fr)

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DE102012008215.0A DE102012008215B4 (de) 2012-04-18 2012-04-18 Vorrichtung zur Realisierung einer Referenzuhr mit selbsttätiger Anbindung der internen Systemzeit an die Erdrotation

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EP2672338A2 true EP2672338A2 (fr) 2013-12-11
EP2672338A3 EP2672338A3 (fr) 2017-12-20

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EP0248589B1 (fr) 1986-05-28 1993-03-03 Seiko Electronic Components Ltd. Circuit oscillateur compensé en température
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DE102012008215A1 (de) 2013-10-24
DE102012008215B4 (de) 2019-06-13

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