EP2663704B1 - Bivouac shelter - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a bivouac shelter for outdoor or unheated premises, comprising a base unit forming a tunnel or tubular body receiving space with a foot area and at least one manhole for at least one person.

Bivouac accommodation is designed to protect a person from the weather when staying outdoors. Such weather conditions can be wind, precipitation, such as snow, hail or rain, as well as temperature conditions. Bivouac accommodation should in particular also serve for overnight accommodation and provide a sleeping person with sufficient protection against the weather conditions mentioned. Bivouac accommodation is used by a wide range of people. The use of bivouac accommodation for outdoor activities, such as trekking, mountaineering, expeditions, etc. is certainly known. Here, the bivouac accommodations allow a stay of several days in areas where otherwise no permanent shelters are available. Furthermore, bivouac accommodation is also used for the homeless, who permanently or temporarily have no permanent accommodation for various reasons. This can z. For example, people who are unable to live in their permanent accommodation due to a damage event such as an earthquake, fire, flood or storm. Furthermore, homelessness can also affect refugees who had to leave their permanent home for a variety of reasons. Furthermore, bivouac accommodation is also used by emergency services, such as the military, in their multi-day operations in areas where there are no permanent shelters and where mobility plays a major role. Furthermore, bivouac accommodation is also used in the rescue sector.

It is less well-known to provide bivouac accommodation to homeless people, such as those found in major cities, and who, for example, can not afford stable accommodation for economic reasons. This type of homeless person either stays outdoors in makeshift home-made shelters or in emergency shelters for the homeless. However, especially in severe winters such heated emergency beds are often fully booked, so that especially at low temperatures many homeless people have to sleep in their makeshift dwellings or in less sheltered places outdoors. However, these overnight accommodations offer far less protection from weather conditions and in particular the low temperatures, so it comes in deaths and frostbite among the homeless, especially in severe winters.

In addition to bivouac accommodation, sleeping bags for outdoor accommodation are also known, which are designed to insulate the body against low outside temperatures. Such sleeping bags are for example in the US 2004/0040087 and US3959834A disclosed. However, in such sleeping bags, the body is not hermetically sealed against the outside because the head is outside the sleeping bag and therefore air can circulate through the head opening. The head and especially the facial area are also generally insufficiently protected against low temperatures, even if integrated hoods are provided for this purpose. Although it is known to open hoods above the head for reasons mentioned above, but this solution is also not satisfactory, since such hoods are not windproof, for example.

STATE OF THE ART

In contrast to the traditional sleeping bags mentioned above, bivouac accommodation also provides protection against other weather conditions, such as wind and rain. From the prior art are a variety of bivouac shelter for known for being outdoors. So describes z. B. the WO 2004/109041 a mobile shelter with an inflatable element. The shelter forms a tunnel-shaped cavity, which can give protection to a person lying down and is closed to the outside. According to this protection device, the whole person is in the tunnel-shaped cavity, so that a separate air supply is provided, via which the person is supplied with breathing air. In another example, the person is supplied with oxygen via an entrained oxygen cylinder.

The WO94 / 17266 describes an inflatable protective device with an inflatable mattress and arranged above a likewise inflatable cover which forms together with the mattress a cavity for complete reception of a person. For the fresh air supply air openings are provided.

The publication WO 2008 025038 A2 describes a sleeping chamber, which has a double-walled inflatable structure, which acts thermally insulating. The sleeping chamber is constructed in lightweight construction.

The publication US 2004/0025929 A1 describes the creation of a shelter, with a resilient sleeping pad, which is connected at its edges with a thin, waterproof, but water vapor permeable shell. The sleeping pad also forms the floor of the shelter.

In certain embodiments of bivouac shelter, the head is thus in each case housed together with the rest of the body in a thermally insulating receiving space. However, this requires that means for fresh air, such. B. ventilation openings are provided. Furthermore, ventilation openings must also be provided in order to prevent the formation of condensation water by exhaled breathing air in the receiving space. However, such vents reduce the heat insulating capacity and are also in terms of their tightness Water, such as rain or surface water, problematic. Other means for supplying fresh air are again complicated and complicated in their implementation.

According to alternative embodiments of bivouac shelter, the head is located outside of the thermally insulating receiving space for the body. The breathing air supply is therefore guaranteed. For this, the thermal insulation capacity is also reduced by the leaky transition region between the outer head portion and the rest of the body. Moreover, the head part is insufficiently protected against the weather.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a mobile and lightweight bivouac accommodation of the type mentioned, in which on the one hand the body is ideally protected against weathering and optimally thermally insulating against the cold and on the other hand still sufficient fresh air to breathe without complicated technical Measures is guaranteed. The bivouac accommodation should also be easy to design and install as well as inexpensive to produce.

The object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. The dependent claims claim particular developments and alternative solutions of the invention.

The bivouac accommodation is thus distinguished by the fact that the base unit has a connection opening for a closure unit opposite the foot area. The base unit is also designed to be self-supporting in the operating position and forms a shape-retaining body receiving space. The base unit furthermore has an at least partially, preferably completely, multi-walled construction with at least one, preferably a plurality, of air-filled hollow chambers located therebetween, the base unit being given its inherent stability by the multi-walled construction.

According to a particular embodiment, the base unit has an inner (insulating) body and an outer (insulating) body. The outer body abuts the inner insulating body and envelops this at least partially and preferably completely. The outer body forms in particular a tunnel or tubular receiving space for the inner body. The inner body, in turn, forms a tunnel or tubular body receiving space.

The inner body can, for. B. be inserted into the outer body. The two insulators also form a bottom part.

Between the two insulating bodies closed or interconnected, preferably air-filled, hollow chambers are arranged. These have another insulation effect. For this purpose, the inner body towards the outer body and / or the outer body towards the inner body towards preferably an outer contour with elevations and depressions. The outer contour can z. B. wavy, jagged, in particular crenellated be.

Both bodies are preferably multi-walled, with one or more intermediate, air-filled hollow chambers. For this purpose, the bodies contain valves with which the hollow chambers can be filled with air.

In a further development of the invention, the closure unit is releasably or fixedly attached to the connection opening and closes the body receiving space thermally insulating.

The connection opening preferably corresponds to an end opening of the tunnel or tubular body receiving space.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the connection opening corresponds to the access opening. But this does not necessarily have to be the case. Thus, the manhole can also be mounted laterally, on a side wall limiting the body receiving space in the longitudinal direction. The manhole can here z. B. as an entry slot or gap or by a removable entry door, which forms a hatch, be formed. Entry slot or gap are z. B. arranged in the longitudinal direction.

Furthermore, the manhole can also be formed by a lift-off base shell. The base shell may be completely separable from the remaining base unit or connected thereto via a hinge connection. The base shell may be connected via an at least partially circumferential tongue and groove connection with the lower part of the base shell.

The manhole defines the opening through which the user enters the body receiving space.

The closure unit is releasably connected to the base unit via closure means, such as positive engagement, frictional engagement, in particular via a hook and loop fastener, button closure or button closure.

The closure unit may comprise a connection body which can be mounted transversely over the connection opening or access opening and which is connectable to the base unit in a thermally insulating manner.

In addition, the closure unit preferably comprises a detachably or non-detachably or integrally attached hood for receiving the head of a person lying with the body in the body receiving space. The hood preferably comprises a flexible, sheet-like material.

The body receiving space is preferably by means of the closure unit thermally insulating and water and / or airtight sealable. Waterproof means that no moisture and especially no rainwater or surface water can penetrate into the body receiving space. Airtight means that no uncontrolled air exchange can take place, wherein z. B. a controlled by valves air exchange thereof should not be excluded.

The closure unit is thus preferably preferably airtight, waterproof and thermally insulating connectable via the connecting body to the base unit. Accordingly, of course, the base unit or its wall area thermally insulating and preferably also airtight and waterproof. The body receiving space serves to receive at least the legs or parts thereof, and preferably the trunk, as well as the arms and legs of a reclining person, hereafter called the body. By contrast, the head is placed outside the body receiving space closed by the closure unit.

The thermally insulated body receiving space is warmed up and kept warm by the own body heat of the person lying therein. That is, no external heat source, such as heating, is needed to heat the body receiving space. In particularly difficult weather conditions additionally active heating means in the body receiving space for heating desselbigen may be provided. However, since the body receiving space is hermetically sealed to the outside and allows no air circulation and is further optimally thermally insulated by the air chambers of the base unit, the body receiving space can be kept pleasantly warm with comparatively low heat output. In addition, an arranged in the body receiving space sleeping bag or a sleeping bag or a blanket to increase the comfort can be additionally provided. The sleeping bag or the sleeping bag can z. B. releasably or non-releasably connected to the closure unit.

The base unit is preferably at least partially, and preferably completely or fully multi-walled, in particular double-walled, formed. The base unit thus has at least two spaced-apart walls. In between, at least one, preferably several, separate, air-fillable (eg inflatable) hollow chambers are contained. The chambers are eg via one or more valves z. B. by means of a pump, such as hand or foot pump, with a gas, such as air, inflatable. The chambers can also be self-inflatable. Under inflatable should therefore below both self-inflatable and active inflatable, z. B. by means of a pump.

The chambers may be separated from each other airtight or communicating with each other. The formed between an outer wall and inner wall and felt with air hollow chambers provide optimal thermal insulation of the body receiving space from the environment.

The base unit also forms the bottom part resting on the floor, which is expediently an integral part of the base unit. This bottom part is expediently also multi-walled with intervening, can be filled with air (eg inflatable) hollow chambers and therefore at the same time takes a mattress function was. That the bottom part with the air-filled hollow chamber (s) serves not only the heat insulation but also the padding or suspension.

According to a first embodiment variant, the multi-walled construction of the base unit has two outer walls and an intermediate, self-expanding inner structure with at least one hollow chamber. The inner structure is z. B. elastically expandable in an operating position at pressure relief. As a result, air is sucked through a valve. The filling of the hollow chambers with air thus takes place without active air supply. The inner structure can, for. B. contain an elastically deformable foam. The hollow chambers are formed here by the pores of the foam. The shape retention is done here essentially on the internal structure, eg. As the foam and not necessarily on the trapped air volume. Namely, according to this embodiment, the air expediently has ambient pressure.

In the transport state, the base unit is compactly folded or rolled and the air is forced out of the hollow chambers. The inner structure undergoes compression in this state. Only when unfolding or unrolling and the associated Pressure relief begins to inflate the base unit by the valves automatically with air.

According to a second embodiment variant, the multi-walled construction of the base unit has two outer walls and intermediate, flexible connecting webs or chamber walls, which connect the two walls to one another. The connecting webs or chamber walls are a kind of spacer between the walls connected to them. They form one or more open or closed hollow chambers, which can be filled with air via one or more valves. The hollow chambers must be actively inflated here. The shape is done here essentially about the trapped in the hollow chambers air volume. Namely, according to this embodiment, the air preferably has an overpressure relative to the ambient pressure.

While the bottom part is preferably flat, the roof part arranged above is preferably arched. However, the roof part may also be designed differently, e.g. with flat planes meeting each other at an angle. The roof part is connected with its lateral wall sections with the bottom part, preferably integrally. The roof part can also contain separate or integrated in these reinforcing structures, which ensure the inherent stability of the base unit.

The base unit can be designed as a flexible component that is bendable when inflated, which is bent into a tubular structure to create the bivouac shelter, the two merged lateral end sections or end edges being thermally insulating and preferably also water and / or air tight be connected to each other.

The base unit has a foot area opposite the connection opening. The body receiving space is in the foot area to the outside thermally insulating and preferably also water and / or airtight completed.

In a particular embodiment, a separately formed end element may be provided, via which the body receiving space in the foot region is thermally insulating, and preferably also water and / or airtight, closable. The closure element can be designed as a separate element that can be completely demounted from the base unit or as an element that can be released at least partially from the base unit and releases a connection opening to the outside. According to this embodiment, warm air can be introduced into the body receiving space via the foot opening when the terminating element is removed. The closing element can be connected to the rest of the base unit via a type of annular, closed groove-and-tongue connection.

However, the closing element can also be designed as an integral, non-detachable part of the base unit. The closing element is preferably also at least partially preferably completely multi-walled, in particular double-walled, formed. Between an outer and inner wall, one or more inflatable chambers are preferably formed for thermal insulation of the body receiving space. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base unit forms, preferably together with the closing element, a body of at least double-walled construction with one or more inflatable chambers located therebetween for thermal insulation of the body receiving space. That is, between an outer and inner wall of the base unit, possibly also the end element, with the exception of possibly provided connecting webs between the two walls, always a thermally insulating hollow chamber is arranged.

The base unit is therefore self-supporting and intrinsically stable in operating position, and forms a tunnel-shaped or tubular, permanent body receiving space, regardless of whether a person is in it or not. The body receiving space may have a cross-section of any polygonal or round or other shape. The cross-sectional shape of the outer contour of the base unit and / or its tunnel-shaped body receiving space may be polygonal, z. B. triangular, rectangular or trapezoidal, or semicircular. The base unit may have a height decreasing from the head to the foot area. An aerodynamic design of the base unit and the possibly associated tent structures and awnings may be advantageous.

The closure unit is preferably designed as a separate and partially or completely demountable from the base unit element. However, it can also be provided that the closure unit is formed as an at least partially detachable from the base unit and releasing a connection or manhole opening element. However, the closure unit must at least be separable so that a person can move through the released connection or manhole into the body receiving space.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the closure unit comprises a circumferential, annular or bead-like connecting body for connecting to the base unit. The connecting body may be formed one or more parts. However, the connecting body may also be a differently configured closure means, such as part of a zipper, Velcro or button closure.

Furthermore, the closure unit comprises a flexible, sheet-like sealing element, which spans the opening outlined, for example, by the annular connecting body. The sheet-like sealing element is optionally preferably insoluble and in particular water and / or airtight connected to the connecting body. The hood is also releasably or non-detachably, ie integrally, connected to the sheet-like sealing element.

The sheet-like sealing element and the hood are preferably made of the same material and particularly preferably in one piece.

The sheet-like sealing element and / or the hood are preferably made of or with a single-layered or multilayered material and particularly preferably made of or with a textile fabric. In contrast to the base unit, the sheet-like sealing element and / or the hood preferably has no inflatable chambers. The sealing element and / or the hood particularly preferably have elastically extensible properties, and preferably consist of or contain a natural or synthetic rubber. The sealing element and / or the hood are particularly preferably made of a chloroprene rubber, or polychloroprene or chlorobutadiene rubber, also known under the trade name Neoprene® or contain this.

The sheet-like sealing element and / or the hood can also be made of a two-layered or multi-layered textile material with chambers which are filled with an insulating solid material, such as down plastic foam or plastic fibers.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the upper part of the base unit and thus also the connection opening is set back relative to the base part in the direction of the foot region, so that the user can assume an upright sitting position in the base unit with the closure unit designed as a connection element. The legs are at least partially, preferably completely, housed in the tunnel-shaped receiving space. The upper body is preferably arranged outside the body receiving space.

The closure unit can, in particular for use in the abovementioned embodiment, be designed as a jacket-shaped connecting element or sealing element in the form of an overstretching part for receiving the upper body. The jacket-shaped connection element further contains sleeves for receiving the arms and a hood for receiving the head. The jacket-shaped connection element is designed as a kind of sleeping bag.

The jacket-shaped connection element itself can form a closable entrance, by means of which the user can climb into the jacket-shaped connection element as well as into the body receiving space. The closure of the Einstieges may be incorporated into the connection element tear, Velcro, button closure or a combined closure. The entry can be slit or slit-shaped.

The jacket-shaped connection element can be fixedly or integrally or detachably connected to the base unit. The releasable connection may be a tear, velcro, button closure or a combined closure. The compound is designed to be closed annularly. In this case, the entry into the body receiving space can be made via this detachable connection. For this purpose, the user first pulls the jacket-shaped connection element over, rises into the body receiving space and attaches the jacket-shaped connection element to the base unit. Similarly, the jacket-shaped connection element can already be pre-assembled on the base unit. In this case, the user opens the connection at least partially, rises, pulls the jacket-shaped connection element over and closes the connection.

The hood is preferably designed as a so-called balaclava, also called storm mask or hat. This is a hood that surrounds the entire head and neck, leaving only the face or even just the eyes, mouth and nose exposed. The balaclava is connected via the neck part with the sheet-like sealing element. Has the hood rubber elastic Characteristics, it is designed such that the hood fits snugly or tightly against the contour of the head and possibly the neck, so that the body receiving space with the body therein tight over the fed on the outside of the body receiving space arranged head tight fitting hood , in particular water and / or airtight, is closed to the outside. The hood thus seals the facial contours.

The annular connecting body is preferably formed like a bead and more preferably forms one or more, preferably at least one valve inflatable chambers. The connecting body is preferably formed in the operating position as a supporting or self-supporting element, which serves as a support structure for the flexible, sheet-like sealing element. In the case of an inflatable connecting body, the latter preferably has the aforementioned properties only when inflated. However, the connecting body may also contain foam or consist of this. The connecting body may be connected via a kind of annular, closed groove-tongue connection with the rest of the base unit.

The closure unit and with it the connection opening are preferably in the longitudinal direction inwards, i. arranged offset to the foot area, so that an outwardly lying tunnel-shaped receiving portion is formed, in which the introduced into the hood head can be positioned. The receiving portion may be open at the ends to the outside. However, it is also possible that the receiving portion is closed by another closure element to the outside, although not necessarily air and water proof. This additional closure element can likewise be designed to be inflatable with corresponding hollow chambers or consist of an awning.

The receiving portion can also be characterized in that the upper part of the base unit in the region of the receiving portion relative to the bottom part in Returned towards foot area, so that the user with or without trained as a connection element closure unit on the bottom part can take a seated upright position, the legs are housed in the tunnel-shaped receiving space.

The closure unit preferably contains the body receiving space arranged towards gripping elements, such. B. handles or loops, by means of which the person lying in the body receiving space can pull the closure unit inward in the direction of foot area and bring into the closed position. The gripping elements are preferably fastened to the connecting body.

The closure unit is preferably connected to the base unit via a frictional and / or positive connection. The closure unit can z. B. be connected via a kind of groove-bung connection to the base unit, wherein z. B. in the base unit a partial or full circumferential groove or depression is provided, in which the connecting body partially or fully engages. Other thermally insulating and preferably also water and / or airtight connection types are also possible.

For discharging the humidity from the body receiving space may be provided on the base unit and in particular in the closure unit means which are on the one hand water impermeable and on the other hand vapor diffusion open. This can be z. B. happen via a known water-impermeable but vapor-permeable membrane. So z. B. have the flexible sealing such means or such a membrane.

The bivouac accommodation is designed to be assembled and disassembled for repeated use. Thanks to the inflatable or pressureless air-fillable base unit and possibly connecting body and end element, the bivouac accommodation can after emptying the hollow chambers for transport and the Storage be transferred to a compact unit. Their intrinsic stability reaches the bivouac accommodation or its elements, such as base unit and closure unit, by inflation or filling with air derselbigen and the formation of air-filled hollow chambers. In principle, the chambers can of course also be filled with a different gas or gas mixture than air.

The base unit, possibly with a closing element, and optionally with the connecting body comprises a flexible, sheet-like, water and airtight and possibly also elastic and elastic material. The material can, for. As a plastic, in particular PVC and / or contain a natural or synthetic rubber or consist of this. Said material forms the outer walls and possibly webs of the hollow chambers. The material preferably consists of a textile fabric or contains such. As a material, a fiber-reinforced, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic fabric can be used.

The bivouac accommodation according to the invention is therefore of relatively low weight and thus suitable for self-wear. The bivouac accommodation in its operating position (without awning) z. B. a length of 1 to 3 m, a width of 0.4 to 2 m and a foot resp. Head height of 0.3 resp. 1 m. If the bivouac accommodation can accommodate more than one person, it has a correspondingly wider education. The bivouac accommodation is z. B. at temperatures from -40 ° C to + 70 ° C and has z. B. a weight of less than 6 kg.

For use at higher temperatures, eg. As in summer, the closure unit and possibly also the end element can be omitted, so that the person is in a tunnel-shaped one or both ends against outside open body receiving space. The openings in the head and / or foot area can be shielded by means of a corresponding awning as the minimum weather, visual and sun protection to the outside. The connection points of the awnings to the base unit are preferably each waterproof. The awnings may be detachably or non-detachably connected to the base unit, in which latter case the flexible textile fabrics of the awnings are folded or rolled and stowed together with the base unit.

The bivouac accommodation can be designed for one, two or even several people. So the bivouac accommodation z. B. be designed for two or more than two people. In a first variant, the bivouac accommodation contains opposite connecting or entry openings, which can be closed by means of corresponding closure units of the type described. The persons are here next to each other, but alternately arranged opposite each other.

In a second variant, one or more closure units are arranged only on one side and the persons are aligned side by side. The persons can in both variants z. B. parallel to each other.

According to the two variants mentioned above, a common closure unit can be provided for one, two, several or all persons of a bivouac accommodation, each person having his own hood. Preferably, however, a separate closure unit is provided for the individual entry and exit for each person.

According to a third variant, the bivouac accommodation is configured in plan view in the form of an open ring, wherein the open inner circle forms a common receiving section or at least partially separated by separating elements, open receiving sections in the form of segments. The body receiving space is formed in each case as a ring segment. The persons are arranged with the head to the inner circle and with the feet radially outwards. The bivouac accommodation and its spatial elements may also be of circular shape deviate and z. B. oval or elliptical or polygonal, in particular rectangular, be formed.

According to the variants mentioned above, a separate, open receiving section can be provided for the head of the individual persons. B. are spatially separated from one another via separating elements. It can also be provided that two, several or all persons of a bivouac accommodation share a common open receiving section.

Thanks to the inventive bivouac shelter with the described closure unit, it is possible to keep the body of a person in an extremely good thermally insulating and preferably also water and / or airtight body receiving space warm, while the head is in contact with the environment and still is well protected against cold and other weather conditions. Thanks to the closure unit according to the invention, the body receiving space is hermetically sealed against the outside despite the head arranged outside. In particular, there are no areas over which an exchange of air between the body receiving space and the environment is possible, which would impair the insulation effect. Nevertheless, the user has a certain freedom of movement, since the flexible and possibly elastically formed, sheet-like sealing element of the closure unit allows rotation of the body between abdominal, back and side position and a displacement of the body along its longitudinal axis.

Since the head is preferably arranged in a tunnel-shaped receiving portion, although this is arranged outside the body receiving space, it is nevertheless minimally protected against the effects of weathering. For additional protection of the head z. B. against wind, rainfall, but also against the light, the receiving section can be shielded to the outside via an awning. Since the self-supporting base unit forms a permanent body receiving space, the user can additionally or alternatively also to deposit his personal Use things like clothes, food and valuables. The objects are particularly well protected against theft during sleep, since they are hermetically shielded from the outside in the body receiving space. The awning in front of the outer receiving section offers, in addition to additional weather, visual and light protection, also a protective space for personal belongings. As can be seen from the above statements, the bivouac accommodation thus has both the function of a sleeping bag with integrated air-filled mattress and the function of a bivouac and material depot.

The bivouac shelter according to the invention is furthermore fast, simple, i. without special knowledge, as well as without tools mountable. Only an air pump or compressed air cartridges to inflate the individual elements may be advisable. The bivouac shelter provides protection for at least one person as well as for personal belongings. The access may be kneeling or crawling. The height of the body receiving space may be such that a person can sit therein, which is an increase in comfort, especially for summer operation, when the closure unit is not provided.

The bivouac accommodation can be used for the purposes mentioned above. The inventive bivouac accommodation can also serve as shelter for homeless people. Because bivouac accommodation is easy to handle, light and compact, transportable, storable and cost effective, it is also particularly well-suited for use in crisis areas by aid agencies or for homeless people in urban areas. Furthermore, the bivouac accommodation is particularly suitable for outdoor activities, especially for ski tourers, mountaineers, hunters, wilderness adventurers, expeditions, for travel by vehicle, for rescue operations or for the military.

The bivouac accommodation is multifunctional in many ways. So it is suitable for. For example, to sleep, to warm up, as a temporary shelter with privacy and for the storage and protection of personal belongings. Furthermore, the bivouac accommodation is suitable for all seasons, by the measure of thermal insulation by removing or adding closure elements to the prevailing outside temperatures can be adjusted. Furthermore, shoulder straps may be provided on the base unit, whereby a kind of backpack can be formed by folding the base unit according to instructions, which can be worn by means of the shoulder straps.

Thus, the inventive bivouac accommodation is preferably modular. Such a modular bivouac shelter, as described in detail above, includes a base unit forming a body receiving space and an open receiving portion.

The body receiving space and the open receiving portion of the base unit are contiguous so that the bivouac shelter can be used as an open camp.

The modular bivouac accommodation further comprises a closure unit which is connectable to the base unit and spatially delimits the body receiving space from the open receiving portion so that the bivouac shelter is usable as a sleeping envelope.

Furthermore, the bivouac accommodation preferably also contains a tent unit which, in the installed state, spans the open receiving section of the base unit so that the bivouac shelter can be used as a tent.

In connection with the use of modular bivouac accommodation, the characteristics of the bivouac accommodation and its variants described in detail in the description are also valid.

Thanks to the multi-walled design of the base unit with intermediate air chambers, the bivouac accommodation with loading is even buoyant and can therefore be used as a kind of raft or for translating waters.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Figur 1

einen Längsschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässe Biwak-Unterkunft;

Figur 2

einen Längsschnitt durch die Biwak-Unterkunft nach Figur 1 für den Sommerbetrieb;

Figur 3a

eine Frontansicht der erfindungsgemässe Biwak-Unterkunft in Richtung Anschluss- bzw. Einstiegsöffnung (A-A) gemäss Figur 1;

Figur 3b

eine Querschnittsansicht entlang der Linie B-B gemäss Figur 1;

Figur 4

einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Biwak-Unterkunft;

Figur 5

einen Längsschnitt durch die Biwak-Unterkunft nach Figur 4 für den Sommerbetrieb;

Figur 6a

eine Frontansicht der erfindungsgemässe Biwak-Unterkunft in Richtung Anschluss- bzw. Einstiegsöffnung (A-A) gemäss Figur 1;

Figur 6b

eine Querschnittsansicht entlang der Linie B-B gemäss Figur 1;

Figur 7

eine Draufsicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Biwak-Unterkunft;

Figur 8a-8c

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Biwak-Unterkunft;

Figur 8d

ein erweitertes, flächenförmiges Abdichtelement in Jackenausführung;

Figur 9a-9c

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Biwak-Unterkunft;

Figur 10a-10c

eine Querschnittsansicht durch die Basiseinheit einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Biwak-Unterkunft.

In the following, the subject invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment, which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:

FIG. 1

a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of an inventive bivouac accommodation;

FIG. 2

a longitudinal section through the bivouac accommodation after FIG. 1 for the summer operation;

FIG. 3a

a front view of the invention bivouac accommodation in the direction of connection or access opening (AA) according to FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3b

a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4

a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an inventive bivouac accommodation;

FIG. 5

a longitudinal section through the bivouac accommodation after FIG. 4 for the summer operation;

FIG. 6a

a front view of the invention bivouac accommodation in the direction of connection or access opening (AA) according to FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6b

a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 7

a plan view of another embodiment of a bivouac shelter according to the invention;

FIGS. 8a-8c

a further embodiment of a bivouac accommodation according to the invention;

FIG. 8d

an expanded, sheet-like sealing element in jacket design;

FIGS. 9a-9c

a further embodiment of a bivouac accommodation according to the invention;

FIGS. 10a-10c

a cross-sectional view through the base unit of another embodiment of a bivouac shelter according to the invention.

The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

In the Figures 1, 2 and 3a, 3b bivouac shelter 1 according to the invention shown as an embodiment comprises a base unit 2 which forms a tunnel-shaped body receiving space 7. The base unit 2 is therefore tubular or tunnel-shaped. The base unit 2 is fully formed double-walled with an outer lying first wall 27 and an inner second wall 28. Between the two walls 27, 28 are arranged inflatable hollow chambers. As soon as the hollow chambers of the base unit 2 are filled with air, this assumes a self-supporting shape to form the aforementioned body receiving space. It goes without saying that the basic unit 2 shown can generally have a plurality of walls with arbitrarily suitably arranged hollow chambers. Integrated into the base unit is also a bottom part 29, which is likewise at least double-walled with interposed, inflatable hollow chambers. The bottom part 29 also serves as a mattress. The base unit 2 rests with its bottom part 29 on a floor pad 10 for protection against sharp objects. The floor pad as protection against damage can generally also be integrated in the bottom part of the base unit, or the bottom part can be formed reinforced accordingly on its support side to the ground.

The body receiving space 7 forms, in the operating position, a foot region 23 which is closed off to the outside by a closure element 30. The End element 30 is connected to the base unit 2 thermally insulating and preferably air and / or watertight. The closing element 30 is also at least double-walled with intermediate, inflatable hollow chambers.

At the head end of the base unit 2, a first awning 11 is attached. At the foot end of the base unit 2, a second awning 12 is attached. Both awnings 11, 12 are stretched over ground anchoring means, such as pegs. The first awning 11 serves, in particular, to protect an open receiving section 25 from wind, light and precipitation, and also provides minimal privacy as a privacy screen together with the base unit 2. Both awnings 11, 12 also serve as storage space for personal effects and provide for this or an animal, such as a dog or cat, a minimal protection from the weather.

The base unit is additionally secured by means of tensioning means 14a, 14b, such as cords or ropes, which are attached to the base unit 2 via attachment loops 15, 16, against dislocation. The additional attachment serves to secure bivouac accommodation against strong winds, especially when not in use and therefore not weighted by a person's weight. The base unit 2 can also be anchored to the ground via anchoring element (not shown). However, the anchoring means 14a, 14b, 15, 16 as well as the awnings 11, 12 and the anchoring elements 13 with the associated fastening means on the base unit 2 are optional features.

The bivouac accommodation 1 is not located directly on the ground. It is rather arranged on a floor pad 10. The floor pad 10 serves as protection against damage to the base unit 2 from sharp objects, as well as to avoid contamination of the bivouac shelter 1. Furthermore, the floor pad 10 should also reject moisture.

The base unit 2, the closing element 30 and the connecting body 4 contain valves, in particular non-return valves for inflating said parts (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 1 the body receiving space 7 of the base unit 2 by means of a closure unit 3 is thermally insulating and sealed airtight to the outside. For this purpose, the closure unit 3 is introduced transversely to the longitudinal direction L of the base unit 2 and transversely to the connection and entry opening 26, 17 in the direction of the body receiving space 7 and closes the latter. The closure unit 3 is also arranged offset in the longitudinal direction L to the foot region 23, so that an open, tunnel-shaped receiving portion 25 is formed, which receives the head 19 of the user.

The closure unit 3 comprises a ring-shaped connecting body 4, via which it enters into the thermally insulating and possibly water-tight and / or air-tight connection with the base unit 2. The connecting body 4 is inflatable to a bead-like self-supporting element and accordingly contains one or more inflatable hollow chambers (not shown). The shape and size of the connecting body 4 is suitably adapted to the inner cross-sectional contour of the tunnel-shaped manhole at the junction.

A flexible, sheet-like sealing element 6 spans the opening outlined by the annular connecting body 4 and is airtightly connected to the connecting body 4. In the sheet-like sealing element a hood 5 is integrated. The hood 5 is formed as a full on the head 19 fitting ski mask, which completely covers the head 19 except the face area including neck area and keeps optimally warm in this way.

The sealing element 6 and the hood 5 are preferably made of the same rubber-elastic stretchable material. The sealing member 6 separates the body receiving space 7 airtight from the environment in the manner of a flexible, elastically extensible membrane. Since the hood integrated into the sealing element 6 is also equipped with a resilient fit for head and, if necessary, a neck area, the head area is also hermetically sealed to the body receiving space 7. This is despite the fact that the outside of the body receiving space 7 positioned face is uncovered. The sealing member 6 includes in the present embodiment, a water-tight or airtight sealable through-hole 21 through which the user for the purpose of performing activities such as eating or drinking, can pass through with his hand. The penetration opening 21 is here z. B. closable by means of a zipper.

A head pad 20, z. As a pillow, the head 19 additionally supports in the correct position. The head pad 20 may be formed as a separate element or integrated into the bottom part 29 of the base unit 2 at the appropriate location. The head pad 20 preferably also includes one or more inflatable cavities.

In order to set up the bivouac accommodation 2 and to establish the operating position, the base unit 2, the closing element 30 and the connecting body 4 are inflated until the intended pressure in the air chambers has been reached. Subsequently, the closing element 30 is mounted in the base unit. To take the lying position for the purpose of sleeping or keeping the body warm, the person in question 18 slips his feet forward through the manhole 17, also called the inlet opening, in the longitudinally extending body receiving space 7. To close the body receiving space 7, the person 18 takes the previously arranged closure unit 3 with both hands on the handles 8a..d and pulls the closure unit 3 over its head 19, so that the head comes to rest in the hood 5. At the same time or subsequently, the person fixes 18, the closure unit 3 via the connecting body 4 in a specially provided connecting portion (not shown) in the manhole 17. Of course, the person 18, the head 19 and only after the fixation of the closure unit 3 in the intended position in the hood 5 introduce. For this purpose, tightening means 9 are provided, via which the user 18 can pull the hood 5 over the head 19. Optionally, the user 18 may tighten the hood over the tightening means 9 or via a separate drawstring on the chin.

In the closure unit 3, and in particular in the sealing element 6, may further optionally be integrated a hose with a check valve, via which the exhaled and body-warm air for faster heating in the body receiving space 17 can be injected. The valve can be equipped with a filter unit for separating the humidity.

In FIG. 2 the bivouac accommodation will be 1 'according to FIG. 1 , how they can be used in summer operation, ie with mild temperatures and friendly weather. The closing element 30 is separated from the base unit 2, so that a foot-side opening 22 is released in the foot region 23. Furthermore, the closure unit 3 is also removed, so that the access opening 17 is also open and the person 18 lies in an elongated receiving space which, in addition to the body receiving space 17, also comprises the receiving portion 25. The open, extended recording room is well ventilated in this way.

The embodiment of a bivouac accommodation 51 according to FIG. 4 can accommodate two people. The bivouac shelter 51 also includes a tunnel-shaped base unit 52 of the type described, which forms a body-receiving space 7 for two persons 18, 18 '. The bivouac shelter 51 has two opposing connection and entry openings 66a, 66b, 57a, 57b, which can be closed by corresponding closure units 53a, 53b of the type described. The closure units 53a, 53b are also each in Longitudinal direction L arranged offset to the opposite entry opening 57a, 57b, so that in each case an open, tunnel-shaped receiving portion 55a, 55b is formed, which receives the head of the person 18, 18 '.

The persons 18, 18 'are now next to each other, but alternately arranged opposite each other. Of course, the bivouac shelter 52 may also be designed for more than two, side by side mutually arranged people. Apart from the modification or extension described above, the bivouac shelter 51 is equipped with functionally similar elements as the bivouac accommodation 1 according to FIG. 1 , so that these elements are no longer provided with reference numerals at this point.

The FIG. 5 shows bivouac accommodation 51 in summer mode, which is opposite bivouac accommodation for winter operation FIG. 4 inter alia, by removing the two closure units 53a, 53b can be converted analogously, as the bivouac shelter 1 after FIGS. 1 and 2 , Therefore, it is also omitted at this point to repetitive versions.

The FIG. 6a shows a front view of the bivouac accommodation FIG. 4 (Line AA). For the individual person, a separate closure unit 53a, 53b is provided. The FIG. 6b shows a cross-section of the bivouac accommodation FIG. 4 along the line BB. The body receiving space 7 is designed so that two to four people 18, 18 'fit into it. If z. B. a 4-bivouac accommodation is only used by 3 people (or even less), the unused hood can be thermally sealed with an inflatable balloon thermally optimal.

In FIG. 7 another embodiment of a multi-person bivouac accommodation 81 is shown. The bivouac shelter 81 is configured in plan view in the form of an open ring. The sector-shaped recess 89 forms the common entrance area E, which opens into an upwardly open inner circle 90 leads. The inner circle 90 forms a common annular receiving portion 85 which is open toward the center of the circle. This can also by, for. B. radially arranged separating elements into individual sectors (not shown). The body receiving space 87a..c is formed in each case as a ring segment. The closure units 83a..c with the hoods closing the connection and entry openings are set back radially in the direction of the foot region, so that a channel-shaped receiving section 85 is formed with a channel opening directed towards the center. The receiving portion 85 is thus shielded by the roof part and the bottom part of the base member 82 upwards or downwards. The persons 18, 18 ', 18 "are arranged with the head to the inner circle 90 and with the feet radially outwards The bivouac accommodation 81 or at least the open inner circle 90 can be covered with a tent roof (not shown) .. c and the base unit 82 and any termination elements (not shown) are formed in a functional respect to the corresponding elements of the other embodiments analog.

The in the Figures 8a-8c and bivouac accommodation 101, 201, 251 illustrated in FIGS. 9a-9c comprises a base unit 102, 202, 252 which forms a tunnel-shaped body receiving space 107, 207. The base unit 102, 202, 252 is likewise designed in the form of a tube or tunnel. The base unit 102, 202, 252 is fully multi-walled, in particular double-walled, formed, with an outer lying first wall and an inner second wall. Between the two walls with air-fillable hollow chambers are arranged. As soon as the hollow chambers of the base unit 102, 202, 252 are filled with air, this forms a self-supporting, intrinsically stable form to form the mentioned body receiving space 107, 207, 257. The base unit 102, 202, 252 shown may have different, suitably designed hollow chambers.

The base unit 102, 202, 252 further forms at the end of the tunnel or tubular receiving space 107 opposite the foot area. 207 a connection opening 126, 226, 276, to which a closure unit 103, 203, 253 is integrally or detachably attached.

Integrated into the base unit is also a bottom part 129, 229, 279, which is also multi-walled, in particular double-walled, with intermediate, formed with Luftbefüllbaren hollow chambers. The bottom part 129, 229, 279 also serves as a mattress.

The body receiving space 107, 207, 257 forms a foot region 123, 223, 273 in the operating position. Moreover, an awning 112, 212 may be attached to the foot-side end of the base unit 102, 202.

The base unit 102, 202, 252 is preferably via corresponding securing means, such as. B. already in connection with the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are secured on the ground.

The base unit 102, 202, 252 further includes one or more valves, in particular check valves for filling said chambers (not shown).

According to the embodiment according to FIGS. 8a-8c In the region of the receiving section 125, the upper part of the base unit 102 is set back in the direction of the foot region 123 in relation to the bottom part 129, so that the user 18 can assume an upright sitting position with the covered closure unit 103 formed as a connection element 106, as described below. wherein the legs are housed in the tunnel-shaped receiving space 107.

The connection opening 126, which is also the entry opening 117, is correspondingly arranged in the recessed end region of the tunnel-shaped body receiving space 107. The upper body is thus outdoors (see FIG. 8a ). The user can therefore also freely in the area of the upwardly open base unit 102 sit on the ground support 129, for which purpose the non-operational closure unit 103 may be pushed into the body receiving space 107 (see FIG. 8c ).

The body receiving space 107 is thermally insulating at the connection opening 126 by means of the closure unit 103 and sealed airtight to the outside. For this purpose, the closure unit 103 is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction L of the base unit 102 and transversely to the access opening 117 or connection opening 126.

Since the tunnel-shaped body accommodating space 107 is designed only for receiving the legs or parts thereof, the closure unit 103 is formed as a jacket-shaped connecting element 106 of a flexible, sheet-like material and contains sleeves for receiving the arms and a hood 105 (see FIG. 8d ). Suitable flexible, sheet-like materials are already for Ausfühmngsform after FIGS. 1 and 2 and in the general description part.

The jacket-shaped connection element 106 itself can form a closable entrance 130, by means of which the user can climb into the jacket-shaped connection element 106 as well as into the body receiving space 107. The closure of the entry 130 may be a tear, velcro, button closure or a combined closure. The entry can be slit or slit-shaped. The bottom part 129 extends as far as the head part of the jacket-shaped connecting element 106. The head can be supported by a separate or in the bottom part 129 integrated head pad 120.

The jacket-shaped connection element 106 can be fixedly or integrally or detachably connected to the base unit 102. The releasable connection may be a tear, velcro, button closure or a combined closure. The compound is designed to be closed annularly. In this case, the entry into the body receiving space can be made via this detachable connection. For this pulls the The user first enters the jacket-shaped connector 106, climbs into the body-receiving space 107, and secures the jacket-shaped connector 106 to the base unit 102.

However, the jacket-shaped connection element can also be fixed, i. not detachable, be attached to the base unit, so that the user enters through an opening on the jacket-shaped connection element.

The upwardly and to the side open area of the base unit 102, which forms an open receiving portion 125, can be closed by a tent construction 131 a, 131 b (see FIG FIGS. 8b and 8c ). The tent construction 131 a, 131 b provides in particular for visibility, light and wind protection and also protects against rainfall. The tent construction 131b may, for. B. form a domed dome, so that the user 18 even with mounted tent construction 131 b can still sit upright (see FIG. 8c ). In addition to the bottom part 129, an awning 111 can additionally be provided on the top side (see in particular FIG FIG. 8b ).

According to the embodiment according to FIGS. 9a-9c the body receiving space 207 257 of the base unit 202, 252 at the connection opening 226, 276 by means of the closure unit 203, 253 thermally insulating and sealed airtight to the outside. For this purpose, the closure unit 203, 253 is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction L of the base unit 202, 252 and transversely to the connection opening 226, 276, which can simultaneously form the access opening 217. The closure unit 203 is further arranged offset back to the foot region 223, 273, so that an open-front, tunnel-shaped receiving portion 225, 275 is formed, which receives the head of the user 18.

The closure unit 203, 253 is designed as a flexible, sheet-like sealing element 206, 256 with hood 205, 255, which spans the connection opening 226, 276. Suitable flexible, sheet-like materials are already on the embodiment to FIGS. 1 and 2 and in the general description part.

The sealing element 206 itself can have a closable opening 217 '", which, for example, serves as a hand-engagement opening (see FIG FIG. 9b ). The sealing member 206 may further be fixedly connected to the base unit 202 via a detachable connection.

The bottom part 229, 279 extends here as well to the head part, wherein the head can have a z. B integrated head pad 220 can be supported.

Subsequent to the bottom part 229, a further awning 211 may be provided on the head side (see FIG. 9a ). The head and foot awnings 111, 112, 211, 212 according to the embodiments of the Figures 8a - 9a may be provided for the purposes already indicated above.

In FIG. 9b Now different variants of manholes 217, 217 ', 217 ", 217"' are shown, which are shown here by way of example with reference to the same base unit 202.

If the sealing element 206 is detachably connected to the base unit 202, then this detachable connection can also form the access opening 217 ", for this purpose the user first enters the body receiving space 207 and then fastens the sealing element 206 to the base unit 102.

If the sealing element 206 itself contains a closable opening, then it can not only be designed as a hand-engaging opening but as an entry opening 217 "'.

Furthermore, an entry flap 230 may be provided on the base unit 202 itself, which has a releasable connection to form a manhole 217 from the remaining base unit 202 can be at least partially separated. However, the base unit 202 may also have as a manhole 217 'only a releasable connection, which releases an opening slot or gap in the open state.

The above-mentioned releasable closures may be zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, button closures or combined closures.

The FIG. 9c shows a further variant of a manhole 267 on a base unit 252 of a bivouac shelter 251. The bivouac shelter 251 is with the exception of said access opening 267 preferably analogous to the embodiment according to Figure 9a, 9b educated.

The base unit 252 includes a cup-shaped removable base shell 280. The base shell 280 is z. B. on the direction indicated by the arrows direction from the head area to the foot area of the remaining base unit 252 can be lifted. By removing the base top 280, the user may enter and exit the body receiving space 257 via an upper entry opening 267 opposite the bottom portion 279. The base upper part 280 can be positively connected to the rest of the base unit 252 via a kind of tongue and groove connection and can be locked to it with additional fastening means (eg clip closure). The base shell 280 may be completely separable from the rest of the base unit or connected thereto via a hinge connection.

In order to set up the bivouac accommodation 101, 201, 251 and to establish the operating position, the hollow chambers of the multi-walled base unit 102, 202 are filled with air, whereby the multi-walled structure inflates and provides for inherent stability.

The FIG. 10a shows a cross-sectional view through a possible embodiment of a base unit 302, 402 of a bivouac shelter 301, 401 according to the invention, as shown for example in the embodiments according to the FIGS. 1 to 9 Application can be found.

The base unit 302, 402 has an inner (insulating) body 305, 405 and an outer (insulating) body 304, 404. The inner insulating body 305, 305, which forms a tunnel or tubular body receiving space 307, 407, may be inserted into the outer insulating body 304, 404. The outer insulating body 304, 404 is in any case on the inner insulating body 305, 405 and wraps it at least partially, and preferably completely. Between the two insulators 304, 404; 305, 405 are closed or interconnected, air-filled hollow chambers 303, 403 arranged. These have another insulation effect. The inner Isolierköper 305, 405 has for this purpose a wavy outer contour. The said outer contour may also be jagged or crenellated. The two insulating bodies 305, 405 also form a bottom part 329, 429.

Both insulators 304, 404; 305, 405 are multi-walled, with one or more intermediate, air-filled hollow chambers 308, 408; 310, 410 formed. The insulating body 304, 404; 305, 405 include valves 306, 406, with which the hollow chambers 308, 408; 310, 410 can be filled with air.

The FIGS. 10b and 10c each show an enlarged section of a corner region of the base unit 302, 402 according to FIG FIG. 10a , While the outer contour is essentially the same, describe the FIGS. 10b and 10c two different embodiments with respect to the internal structure of the insulating body 304, 404; 305, 405.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 10b the two insulating body 304, 305 have two outer, spaced-apart outer walls and a self-expanding Inner structure with at least one hollow chamber, which in pressure relief in an operating position, for. B. elastic, expands and thereby sucks air through the valve 306. The filling of the hollow chamber with air thus takes place without active air supply. This principle is known from the self-inflatable air mattresses. The inner structure here is made of an elastically deformable foam. The hollow chambers are formed by the open pores of the foam.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 10c the two insulating body 404, 405 two outer, spaced-apart outer walls. The outer walls are connected to each other via intermediate, flexible connecting webs or chamber walls 409, 411. These form one or more open or closed hollow chambers 408, which can be filled with air via valves 406. The insulating body 404, 405 according to this embodiment must be actively inflated here, z. B. by means of a pump.

The shape is done here essentially about the trapped in the hollow chambers air volume. Namely, according to this embodiment, the air preferably has an overpressure relative to the ambient pressure.

The base unit may further include a reflective coating on the inside of the body receiving space which reflects the body heat back into the body receiving space.

Claims (13)

1. A bivouac shelter (1) for residing outdoors or in non-heated accommodation, said bivouac shelter comprising a basis unit (2) with a ground part and a roof part with lateral wall sections, which are connected to the ground part, wherein the basis unit (2) forms a tunnel-shaped or tubular body receiving space (7) with a foot region (23) at least for receiving legs or parts thereof of a lying person, as well as with at least one access opening (17) for at least a person,
   characterised in that
   the basis unit (2) is designed in a self-supporting manner in the operating position and forms a shape-retaining body receiving space (7), wherein the basis unit (2) comprises an at least partly multi-walled construction with at least one air-filled hollow chamber lying therebetween, and the basis unit (2) obtains its intrinsic stability due to the multi-walled construction or due to the roof part with reinforcement structures that are separate or integrated into the roof part, and
   the basis unit (2) comprises a connection opening (17), said connection opening lying opposite the foot region (23), which corresponds to an end-side opening of the tunnel-shaped or tubular body receiving space (7), and a closure unit (3) being attached onto the connection opening in a releasable or fixed manner, and the closure unit (3) comprises a flexible, extensive sealing element (6), wherein the sealing element (6) at least partly spans the connection opening (17), wherein the closure unit (3) is designed for closing off the body receiving space (7) in a thermally insulating and watertight manner, wherein a head can be placed outside the body receiving space closed off by the closure unit (3).
2. The bivouac shelter according to claim 1, characterised in that the closure unit (3) closes off the body receiving space (7) in an airtight manner.
3. The bivouac shelter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the connection opening (17) corresponds to the access opening.
4. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the closure unit is connected to the basis unit (2) in a releasable manner via a closure means, such as with a positive fit, friction fit, in particular via a Velcro-type closure, zip closure or button closure.
5. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the closure unit (3) comprises a hood (5) of a flexible, sheet-like material for receiving the head (19), and the hood (5) can be attached onto the extensive sealing element (6) or is integrally attached thereon.
6. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the closure unit (103) consists of a jacket-shaped pull-over part (106) with arms or contains such.
7. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the body receiving space (7) in the foot region (23) is closable or closed in a thermally insulating and preferably also watertight and/or airtight manner via a terminating element (30) that is designed separately or as an integral part of the basis unit (2).
8. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the basis unit (2), and preferably also the terminating element (30), are designed at least double walled over a whole periphery, with one or more chambers which lie therebetween and which are filled with air in the operating position.
9. The bivouac shelter according to claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the sealing element (6) and/or the hood (5) has rubber-elastic characteristics, and preferably consists of a natural or synthetic rubber or contains this.
10. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 3 to 9, characterised in that the closure unit (3) comprises a peripheral, annular connection body (4) for connecting to the basis unit (2), and the annular connection body (4) preferably comprises one or more inflatable chambers.
11. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the closure unit (3) is arranged displaced inwards towards the foot region (23) in the longitudinal direction (L), so that the basis unit (2) forms an outer-lying, tunnel-shaped receiving section (25), in which the head (19), e.g. inserted into the hood (5), can be positioned.
12. The bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that on the basis unit (2) or in the closure unit (3) means are provided which are water impermeable but vapour diffusion permeable, for leading away air humidity out of the body receiving space (7).
13. A modular bivouac shelter (101) with a bivouac shelter according to one of the claims 1 to 12, comprising a basis unit (102) forming a body receiving space (107) as well as an open receiving section (125), wherein

    - the body receiving space (107) and the open receiving section (125) of the basis unit (102) are coherent, so that the bivouac shelter (101) is useable as an open camp;

    - the bivouac shelter (101) comprises a closure unit (106) that is connectable to the basis unit (102) and spatially delimits the body receiving space (107) from the open receiving section (125), so that the bivouac shelter (101) can be used as a sleeping envelope;

    - the bivouac shelter (101) preferably comprises a tent unit (131a, 131b) that in the assembled condition spans the open receiving section (125) of the basis unit (102), so that the bivouac shelter (101) is useable as a tent.

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