Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
  • F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
  • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
  • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
  • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
  • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
  • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
  • F24T10/30—Geothermal collectors using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
  • F24D13/04—Electric heating systems using electric heating of heat-transfer fluid in separate units of the system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
  • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
  • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
  • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
  • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
  • F24H3/062—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using electric energy supply; the heating medium being the resistive element
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
  • F24S2023/84—Reflective elements inside solar collector casings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
  • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to an aerosol containing a boron mineral and a gas and the boron mineral in a particle size of less than less than 10 ⁇ , preferably 1 ⁇ , particularly preferably 100 nm is present. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the aerosol and the use of the aerosol as a transport medium for heat transport.
• Thermally conductive systems are described in the prior art which use liquids, gases or solid substances, inter alia water, alcohol, thermal oils, as well as other known heat transfer agents, as a base material for heat transfer.
• the base material in particular a fluid can be transported for example in a line system between different locations.
• Heat transfer plays an important role in processes that require heat or heat removal, such as heating technology, solar technology, automotive technology or geothermal technology. In these processes, heat has to be transported quickly from one place to another without major losses. Also, the losses of heat during transport should be minimized.
• water is used as heat storage. Although water has a high specific heat capacity, but also passes on the heat absorbed quickly, whereby the heat loss can be very high.
• the prior art further discloses heat transfer systems using gas as the base material.
• a substance such as water, undergoes an aggregate change of state due to the absorption of heat. Incurred steam, z.
• Incurred steam, z As water vapor condenses preferably in a heat exchanger and passes the heat to a heat carrier on, which can then be used for other processes.
• the gas-powered heat transfer systems are only satisfactory in their thermal conductivity and not suitable for heat transfer on longer distances. Equally unsuitable for longer distances are systems with thermal oil, as these have insufficient thermal conductivity.
• the object of the invention is accordingly to provide a substance which has a high heat capacity as well as a high coefficient of thermal conduction and allows heat transfer, which does not have the disadvantages and deficiencies of the systems described in the prior art.
• the aerosol comprises a boron mineral and at least one gas, the boron mineral being in the range of 1-20% by weight (by weight) and the gas, especially carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and / or volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, and in one range of 80-99 wt .-%, wherein the boron mineral preferably has a particle size of less than 10 ⁇ , preferably 1 ⁇ , particularly preferably 100 nm. However, it may also be preferred that the boron mineral has a particle size of more than 10 ⁇ . It was surprising that the aerosol has a high thermal conductivity and heat capacity. sitting.
• a boron mineral is in the context of the invention, in particular a boron-containing mineral.
• An aerosol in the context of the invention refers to a colloidal system of gas with small solid particles distributed therein (so-called suspended matter).
• Boron is a nonmetal which belongs to the third main group of the periodic table and has an atomic weight of 10.81 1.
• Elemental boron can be obtained from its compounds as a black, glassy opaque, amorphous modification or in crystalline forms.
• the electrical conductivity of boron is low at 20 ° C (only about 10% of that of copper), but it increases quite rapidly upon heating.
• the specific heat of evaporation of boron is very high, and in particular 50 kJ / g, so that a large amount of heat is needed to bring about an aggregate state change.
• Elemental boron is not toxic, but some of its compounds. Boron is found in the wild only in the form of oxygen compounds.
• Amorphous boron is used as an additive in pyrotechnic mixtures and in solid rocket fuels, and in alloys for the production of steels of particular hardness, which are also used as neutron absorbers in nuclear reactors.
• boron fibers have been developed to reinforce light metals and synthetic resins. Boron is also needed to make borides, which often have diamond-like hardness.
• the combination of boron mineral with a gas is not described in the prior art. It was surprising that the thermal conductivity of the aerosol can be increased by the fact that the boron mineral is present as a nanoparticle.
• the boron mineral is mixed with the gas as nanoparticles in a particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (micrometers), preferably 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 100 nm (nanometers).
• nanoparticles refer in particular to small solid particles which have a significant (often erratic) size dependence in at least one property, the characteristic length scales of the nanoparticles preferably being less than 100 nm. Since particles of a more or less broad particle size distribution are generated in the production of the nanoparticles, nanoparticles in the context of the invention include boron minerals having a preferred particle size of less than 100 nm. However, it may also be preferred that the boron mineral be Microparticles is present so that it has a particle size of less than 100 microns, more preferably less than 10 micrometers and most preferably less than 1 micrometer.
• the boron mineral can be crushed by a device for crushing lumpy minerals to smaller particle sizes.
• a micronization and fine grinding of minerals is possible.
• WO 00/64586 describes that the micronization proceeds in such a way that the starting material is sucked into a processing space of the device.
• the inlet is favored by the action of centrifugal forces in the space between fan blades and is accelerated due to the prevailing air currents there, so that the material collides with the already processed material.
• the introduced source material changes the direction of movement in very short intervals; As a result, it is crushed and micronized. It is preferred that the boron mineral is micronized.
• the micronized boron mineral can be filtered or sieved after milling to obtain a homogeneous particle size distribution.
• particles with a desired particle size in particular of more than 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 100 nm, are filtered out through a filter.
• filtering it is possible, for example, to use band filters, filter membranes, ventilation methods or classifiers with which larger and / or smaller particles are separated from those having the desired particle size.
• the boron mineral is preferably used in a weight percent of 1-20%, wherein a weight percent according to the invention, in particular a quotient of the mass of the mineral to the mass of the aerosol and the aerosol represents the mixture of the boron mineral with the gas ,
• Preferred boron minerals include:
• sodium-containing boron minerals comprising NA2B407 can be used instead of calcium-containing. It has surprisingly been found that sodium-containing boron minerals can be easily and quickly comminuted and advantageously have a substantially uniform particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 100 nm. It may also be preferable to provide a mixture of the aforementioned boron minerals.
• the preferred boron mineral in a range of 1-20% by weight is mixed with a gas, preferably carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and / or volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in a range of 80-99% by weight.
• a gas preferably carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and / or volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in a range of 80-99% by weight.
• the gas is selected from the group comprising:
• the gas is selected from the group comprising:
• halohydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons are in particular hydrocarbons in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by one of the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, comprising aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, halogenoalkenes or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons.
• the gas is present as a gas mixture of the aforementioned gases and is selected from the group comprising the following exemplary mixing ratios:
• a gas refers in particular to a substance which is in the gas state, ie an aggregate state of matter in which molecules can move freely in space as a result of Brownian molecular motion, why the gas has no solid shape.
• ammonia be combined with the boron mineral.
• gases have a low thermal conductivity. It is only through the combination according to the invention with a boron mineral that an aerosol can be provided, which has a high thermal conductivity although it consists of poor heat conductors.
• the aerosol can by the properties of the invention in numerous areas, such. As heating technology, automotive, solar technology, chemical industry or energy supply can be used.
• the invention also relates to a process for producing an aerosol comprising the following steps
• a preferred boron mineral or a mixture of preferred boron minerals which is micronized or comminuted in a process step.
• comminution or micronization it is possible to produce a grain size of the mineral which is less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably less than 100 nm.
• the minced or micronized boron mineral optimally Heat conducts.
• the comminuted or micronized boron mineral can be filtered in a further process step to exclude particles having a particle size of more than 10 ⁇ m, preferably more than 1 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably more than 100 nm. It has been shown that this can considerably improve the heat transportability of the aerosol.
• a gas or gas mixture of the preferred gases is provided which is contacted with the minced or micronized boron mineral in a receptacle. It is preferred to combine 80-99% of the gas or gas mixture with 1-20% of the minced or micronized boron mineral in the receptacle.
• the introduced ingredients are mixed together, creating an aerosol. It may be preferred that the components introduced into the receptacle are mixed therein and subsequently transferred into a container.
• the container may be, for example, a heating system.
• the mixing can also advantageously be carried out directly in the container.
• the mixing can preferably take place by means of a mechanical mixer, a shaking device or another device for mixing.
• the method can easily and quickly provide an aerosol that has a high thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity.
• the aerosol can be produced inexpensively by the process. It is preferred that the aerosol is used as a transport medium for heat transport.
• the heat transfer referred to in the context of the invention, in particular the transport of thermal energy, including heat and / or cold.
• the aerosol surprisingly has a high thermal conductivity, whereby it can be used as a transport medium for heat transport.
• thermal convection in particular natural convection, takes place within the aerosol. In this case, a flow (diffusion) of the smallest gas particles takes place, with the entrainment of heat.
• the aerosol can generate a high pressure with little energy.
• the aerosol is preferably connected to an external heat source, absorbs heat and transports it without significant time delay.
• the movement of the particles, in particular of the gas particles and / or boron nanoparticles or boron microparticles takes place due to a density difference which is based on a temperature difference. Due to the high movement of the particles, a rapid heat exchange or heat transfer can take place. It was completely surprising that the heat loss via piping systems is minimal.
• the heat capacity referred to in the context of the invention in particular the thermal see energy that can store a substance. Due to the high heat capacity, it is possible that the aerosol can absorb a large amount of thermal energy and transport it.
• the aerosol can be filled in a preferred embodiment as a filling medium in a closed container and / or closed circuit.
• the container has in its interior a cavity which can be filled with the aerosol.
• the container or container is closed, wherein the filling of the aerosol takes place via a filling valve integrated in the container.
• the valve serves as a technical component to control the inlet and / or outlet of the aerosol. If the aerosol expands, the valve can reduce the pressure in the container by removing aerosol from the container.
• the valve can also serve to ventilate the closed container.
• the valve can be operated electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically and / or spring and weight loaded. Through the valve, a quick and easy filling and possibly emptying of the container is possible.
• the aerosol is filled in a closed circuit.
• a circulation designates in particular a circulation of the aerosol.
• the circuit may consist of tubes and / or containers that communicate with each other.
• the circular run, in particular the tubes made of metals, semi-metals, plastics, glass or other materials.
• Preferred variants include steel, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, brass, nickel alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, plastic, combinations of plastic and metal (composite raw r), combinations of glass and metal (enamel) or ceramic.
• Several tubes can be non-positively and / or materially connected to each other. Frictional connections include clamping rings, molded parts, bent pipe sections, screws or rivets.
• Bonded joints include gluing, welding or vulcanizing. Due to the good thermal conductivity copper or aluminum is advantageously used as the material for the tubes, whereby the use of stainless steel can be advantageous because it has high static and dynamic strength values and a high corrosion resistance.
• Plastic pipes such as polyvinyl chloride, are particularly light and flexible, and can thus reduce the weight of the pipes without, however, leading to losses in the heat conduction.
• Ceramic materials including building ceramic materials, have a high stability and long durability. Combinations of the listed materials are particularly advantageous, since thus different material properties can be combined. The preferred materials meet the high manufacturing requirements of a closed circuit, since they are stable to high temperatures or varying pressures.
• the aerosol circulates and, in particular, absorbs heat at one or more locations and transports it to one or more other locations within the circuit. Due to the high thermal conductivity is a fast and substantially lossless heat conduction. Thus, the aerosol has a high heat storage capacity, whereby it can store a large amount of thermal energy.
• the container is preferably made of metals, semi-metals, plastics, glass or other materials.
• Metals designate chemical elements according to the nomenclature of the chemical periodic table of the elements (which, in contrast to the non-metals in the periodic table, are to the left of the diagonal dividing line starting with the element beryllium (2nd group) to the polonium (16th group)) and their alloys and intermetallic compounds with characteristic metallic properties.
• Metals preferably include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, gold and / or silver.
• the container or the circuit can also be made of non-metallic materials.
• non-metallic materials polymers may be used in a preferred embodiment.
• Polymers according to a definition of IUPAC ("The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry"), are a substance which consists of a collective of chemically uniformly structured, but generally differing in terms of degree of polymerization, molecular weight and chain length macromolecules (polymer molecules).
• polymers can be inorganic polymers, fully or partly aromatic polymers, homopolymers, copolymers
• preferred polymers are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene glycol, dendrimer or silica one.
• the container or the cycle of carbon in particular carbon or graphite fibers.
• the preferred container or cycle of carbon is high strength to high temperatures and about four times lighter than steel, corrosion resistant and tensile.
• the carbon layers can be easily processed and are inexpensive to produce.
• the container and the circuit have heat-conducting attachments.
• Annexes in the sense of the invention in particular designate surface-increasing attachments or structures, in particular plates, nets, ribs, bulges, 2- or 3-dimensional lattice structures and / or lamellae.
• the surface enlarging attachments or structures cause, in particular, a surface enlargement of the tubes and / or the container and thus an enlargement of the heat exchange surface.
• the appendages or structures are preferably applied at regular or irregular intervals on the tubes or container.
• the attachments or structures are preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel, steel, copper or aluminum, since these have a high coefficient of thermal conductivity and guarantee optimal heat exchange or heat conduction.
• the aerosol comprises a boron mineral in the range of 1-20 wt.% Of 50% CA2B601 1 .5H20 and 50% NA2B407 and a gas in the range of 80-99 wt.% Selected from the group comprising : -C02,
• Example 1 Use of the aerosol in a radiator.
• the aerosol can be advantageously introduced into a radiator for the transmission of thermal energy.
• the radiator may consist of at least two chambers, wherein at least one chamber is filled with aerosol and the heat transfer takes place vertically and / or horizontally.
• at least one chamber has at least one opening.
• the radiator can be made of various materials such as cast iron, steel, copper, aluminum or special plastics (see above).
• the radiator is made with two separate chambers for different filling media, each with two openings.
• a chamber, preferably the outer chamber, can be connected via connections to an existing heating system.
• the connections of the other chamber, which serve to fill the aerosol can be closed flameproof with a blind plug and a filling valve.
• the radiator can be connected to a heating medium.
• the heat is transferred to the aerosol and this transfers the thermal energy from the heating medium quickly and efficiently due to its high thermal conductivity.
• the heat is distributed homogeneously over the entire heating surface.
• the heating element can be used with all existing or new heating systems.
• the dimension can be designed arbitrarily. Due to the advantageous thermodynamic properties of the aerosol, the energy requirement and the dimensioning of the radiator can be reduced.
• the advantages of the radiator filled with the heat-conducting aerosol compared to the radiator Oberflosse- NEN in the prior art radiators are NEN, a much higher surface temperature at the same flow temperature and thus a higher heat output, a lower circulating water and thus a quick reaction time of the heating system, smaller Pumps and lower energy consumption and production costs.
• Other benefits include: The volume flow of the heating medium can preferably be reduced by up to 80% with the same heating power.
• the temperature spread is larger.
• Flow temperature can preferably be lowered to 50-60%.
• the losses in the heat generation are due to the temperature reduction lower.
• Example 2 Use of the aerosol as a cooling system for motor vehicles.
• the aerosol can be used as a motor vehicle cooling system in which no water or water-based fluids are used as the coolant, but the aerosol.
• a closed container consisting of metal or plastic is provided with heat-conducting fins and a pressure-resistant filling valve.
• the aerosol can be filled in via the valve.
• a thermostat is installed to control a fan.
• At the other end of the container are each an inlet and outlet valve.
• the fan whose diameter is dimensioned so that it is in an outer casing with protective grille fits is connected to the thermostat.
• the complete system is now inserted in the outer housing.
• the system can be made with double-walled heat-conducting fins, which can also be filled with the aerosol.
• the shape of the system is variable, so that alternatively several fans can be operated.
• the aerosol is preferably filled into a double-walled inner housing of the cooling system. It is preferably mounted in the engine compartment so that the side to which the thermostat is mounted points in the direction of travel. The cables of the thermostat and the fan are connected to the battery of the vehicle.
• the aerosol transfers thermal energy from a heat source, such as the engine, particularly efficiently from one location to another without additional power. It has a very high thermal conductivity, whereby the thermal energy is transferred quickly and efficiently and homogeneously distributed.
• a significant advantage of the preferred cooling system, which includes the Aersol is that no circulation pump is needed to circulate the aerosol. The Aersosol quickly disperses in the system and efficiently transports energy.
• the aerosol is introduced into a cooling system of a vehicle, wherein the cooling system encloses at least one electric motor with a double-walled inner housing made of metal or plastic.
• the double-walled inner housing must be dimensioned by the diameter and cross-section so that it can enclose an electric motor.
• heat conducting ribs are attached to the outer surfaces.
• an electrically operated fan is installed. The whole system is enclosed by an outer housing with protective grid. Due to the design, passive cooling can be achieved by not using the fan.
• Example 3 Use of the Aerosol as Geothermal Heat Transfer System.
• the aerosol can also be used in geothermal plants for the transport of geothermal energy.
• geothermal heat source can be determined by geophysical work and well wells drilled to reach the heat source. According to the required amount of heat, the number, the depth and the Diameter of the holes are set according to the purpose, so that a sufficient amount of heat is tapped.
• a special pipe system is advantageously used, which leads from the earth's surface to the geothermal heat source in the ground.
• the concept of the pipe system is a double-walled thermal pipe system made of metal or other materials, which is resistant to heat and corrosion.
• the thermal tube segments receive connecting grooves and fastening clips at their ends. In addition, they are lined with insulation material to minimize heat loss.
• the inner tube of the double-walled thermal tube contains a guide for the heat transfer tube.
• a heat transfer tube is introduced, which consists of a heat, pressure and corrosion resistant metal.
• the tube elements of the heat transfer tube are gradually introduced and connected together.
• a closing valve is attached.
• a heat container with filling valve is mounted at the end of the pipe elements and pressure-tight, and provided for connection to a heat exchanger of any geothermal system.
• the aerosol can be quickly and easily introduced into the tubes. It transports the heat from the geothermal source to the earth's surface. It has been shown that the heat conduction is fast and almost lossless.
• Example 4 Use of the aerosol in a Sollarkollektor.
• the aerosol can be advantageously introduced into a solar collector.
• a housing made of metal or plastic with radiolucent Glass at least one double-walled collector pipe is installed.
• An inner tube is duchflossen by the water to be heated.
• the interior of the outer tube is provided with a pressure-resistant filling valve, through which the aerosol can be filled.
• the inner and outer tubes are made of metal, plastic or glass.
• the aerosol to be heated is supplied to the collector tubes with a distributor.
• the heated aerosol is collected in a collector and conveyed to a consumer.
• Distributor and collector are located in the collector housing.
• the double-walled collector pipes are mounted between the manifold and the collector.
• a paraboloidal reflector can be attached behind the double-walled collector tube to increase the power output in order to concentrate the sun's rays. This gives you the opportunity to generate steam.
• Example 5 Use of the Aerosol in an Electrically Operated Fan Heater.
• the aerosol can be used in a fan heater as a means of transport of heat. It is provided a metal and / or plastic existing closed container with heat conducting ribs with a filling valve. About this filling valve, the aerosol is filled. To heat the container with the heat-conducting aerosol, an electrical heating element is introduced into the container. For the heat transfer to the ambient air, an electrically operated fan is mounted with a motor. The whole system is enclosed with an outer casing. On the housing, a thermostat is attached, which is connected to the electric heater and the fan. In addition, an electronic controller is mounted to control time and temperature.
• Example 6 Use of the Aerosol as Cooling and Heating System.
• the Aersosol can also be used as a general cooling and / or heating system.
• the system preferably consists of two units: a unit which is installed in the room to be cooled or heated and an external unit which dissipates heat at a high temperature level.
• the inner unit represents the evaporator, on the outer sides of which heat conducting ribs are attached. In this case, an additional electric heating rod and an electric fan are used.
• At least one thermostat is mounted on the housing of the inner unit, which is fitted with the electric heating element and the electric fan. is bound.
• an electronic controller is mounted to control the time and temperature.
• the external unit is the capacitor, on the outside of which heat-conducting fins and a fan are mounted.
• the system For boosting the pressure, the system includes a compressor which, due to the favorable thermodynamic properties of the aerosol, has a lower energy requirement, smaller dimensions and lower noise level of the compressor.
• the aerosol transfers thermal energy from a heat source more efficiently from one location to another. It has a very high thermal conductivity, whereby the thermal energy is transferred quickly and efficiently, and distributed homogeneously. Due to the low energy requirement, solar cells can also be integrated into the system to operate the system.
• the system can also be operated autonomously. If there is insufficient sunlight, the necessary energy is provided by batteries.
• the two units are connected to each other via pipes. If the system is to be used for heating purposes, the outlet valve of the inner unit is closed and the circulation of the aerosol with the external unit is interrupted.
• the electric heating element heats the aerosol of the inner unit.
• the thermal energy is transferred to the heat conduction ribs quickly and efficiently. Due to the air flow of the fan, the air is distributed through the heat-conducting fins into the room. Part of the required electricity can still be supplied by the solar cells.
• the exhaust valve of the inner unit is opened, thereby establishing a connection to the external unit.
• Embodiment 1 Micronization of a boron mineral
• the mineral CA 2 B 6 On .5H 2 O (Colemanite) has proved advantageous on account of its properties.
• the mineral can be micronized, with the nanoparticles or microparticles produced essentially having a homogeneous particle size distribution of less than 100 nm. It may also be preferred to mix boron minerals and to comminute, in particular micronise, a mixture of boron minerals.
• the boron mineral (the starting material) is fed through the center of the rotors into the processing space of the device. sucked in.
• the entry is favored by the action of centrifugal forces in the space between the fan blades and is accelerated due to the prevailing air currents there; so that the material collides with the already processed material.
• the source material changes direction of movement in very short intervals; As a result, it is crushed and micronized.
• the device may consist of a hinged housing with a material feed shaft, in which there are two rotor discs, which are placed against each other and operated in opposite directions by means of corresponding motors via belts, so that they rotate at the same angular velocity.
• the housing and the motors can for example be mounted on a foundation and form an independent unit.
• the housing may preferably be constructed of two parts: a housing side for the material import and a further housing side with insertion shaft.
• both sides can be bolted together.
• both sides of the housing carriers can be installed, in which the bearings and stretch rods are integrated.
• On the material import side there may be a pipe for the controlled importation of the material; on the lower side may be arranged an opening for the discharge of the finished material.
• the starting granules can be introduced through the central part of the engine system by suction, accelerated by the air streams and controlled so that the granules collide with each other due to repeated movement direction and rub against each other in very short time intervals.
• the working tools and other parts of the device preferably do not touch or only slightly.
• the relative movement of a grain over the surface of another grain causes damage and deformation of the grain surface, as well as the material layers, which are located immediately below the grain surface. As a result, the structure of the crystal lattice on the surface is destroyed or damaged, so that partly the crystal form can be converted into an amorphous phase.
• the preferred fine milling and micronization of the boron mineral can provide nanoparticles (or grains) with a grain size of less than 100 nm.
• the boron mineral or mixture of boron minerals is filtered after micronization to, in particular, filter out particles larger than 10 micrometers in size, preferably greater than 1 micrometer and most preferably greater than 100 nm.
• the micronized and filtered boron mineral is introduced into a container in a wt .-% range of 1-20 wt .-% and brought into contact with a gas, in particular carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and / or volatile halogenated hydrocarbons.
• the gas in a wt .-% range of 80-99 wt .-% can be introduced via a feed line in the container.
• the gas and the boron mineral may preferably be mixed at room temperature with a device such as a mixer or by means of a shaker. The mixing time depends in particular on the amount to be mixed and can be determined by empirical methods.
• Fig. 1 Preferred use of the aerosol in a vehicle refrigeration system.
• Fig. 2 Preferred use of the aerosol in a geothermal plant
• Fig. 3 Preferred use of the aerosol in a solar collector
• Fig. 4 Preferred use of the aerosol in a fan heater
• Fig. 5 Preferred use of the aerosol in a refrigeration system
• Fig. 6 Preferred use of the aerosol in an air conditioner
• Fig. 1 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in a vehicle refrigeration system.
• the cooling system can be put into operation.
• the container 1 is preferably enclosed by an outer housing 5.
• An inlet valve 6 and outlet valve 7 allow for circulation of the aerosol. It can be mounted in the engine compartment so that the side to which the thermostat 3 is fixed points in the direction of travel.
• the cables of the thermostat 3 and the fan 4 are preferably connected to the battery of the vehicle.
• a protective grid 8 is preferably attached.
• the aerosol transmits the thermal energy from a heat source particularly efficiently, from one location to another without additional auxiliary energy, thus ensuring cooling of the engine. It has a very high thermal conductivity, whereby the thermal energy is transferred quickly and efficiently and homogeneously distributed.
• Fig. 2 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in a geothermal plant.
• the heat source can be hot water or hot rock. If there are no liquids in the geothermal heat source, water is introduced into the cavity of the double-walled container 1, which allows the heat transfer from the environment to the heat transfer tube 10. As a result, it is also possible to ensure the production of energy from warm rock with the aid of the preferred aerosol.
• the thermally conductive preferred aerosol can be filled in the heat transfer tube 10 via a filling valve 2 and the system can be put into operation.
• the preferred aerosol transfers the thermal energy from a heat source particularly efficiently from one location to another without additional auxiliary energy.
• the effectiveness of the geothermal plant is characterized by the high area-dependent power density, which is due to the homogeneous high temperature at the heat transfer tube 10.
• the geothermal Heat conduction system does not require circulating pumps to transfer the geothermal energy to the utility stations through the use of the preferred aerosol in the heat transfer tube 10 and without major heat losses, resulting in a significant improvement in the economics of geothermal plants "Can be used everywhere for hot and heating water treatment as well as for hot water and steam generation in already existing or newly constructed systems. With the generated steam, for example, environmentally friendly electrical energy can be generated in downstream turbines.
• the geothermal system may further include a closing valve 13.
• the attachment of the container 1 and / or the tube 12 can be ensured by means of connecting grooves / mounting clamps 14.
• the inlet of z. B. water can be done by means of a control flap 15 and a movement arm 16.
• Fig. 3 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in a solar collector.
• the solar collector has a metal or plastic existing housing 5 with radiation-transparent glass 22, in which at least one double-walled heat transfer tube 10 is installed.
• the heat transfer tube 10 consists of an inner tube 17, which is duchflossen from the water to be heated and an outer tube 18 which is provided with a pressure-resistant filling valve 2 and closed, through which the aerosol can be filled.
• the inner and outer tubes 17, 18 may preferably be made of metal, plastic or glass.
• manifold 20 and header 21 are installed in housing 5, with the double-walled heat transfer tubes 10 mounted between manifold 20 and header 21.
• a paraboloidal reflector 19 may be mounted to focus sun rays and thus to generate steam.
• Fig. 4 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in a fan heater.
• a fan heater filled with a preferred aerosol may be provided. This can improve the heat transfer and the energy consumption and the Sizing be reduced.
• the aerosol is introduced via a filling valve 2 into a container 1.
• the container 1 may for example consist of metal or plastic and have heat-conducting ribs.
• the heat-conducting ribs of the preferably closed container 1 can be made of a double-walled material and are preferably likewise filled with the heat-conducting aerosol.
• a thermostat 3 and / or a regulator, for example, to regulate the temperature be appropriate.
• an electric heating element 23 can be introduced into the container 1.
• the container 1 advantageously has a receptacle for a heating element 24.
• a heating element 24 By the action of the thermal energy of the heating element 23, the heat is distributed homogeneously through the aerosol to the entire container 1.
• an electrically operated fan 4 can be used.
• a protective grid 8 In front of the fan 4, a protective grid 8 may be attached.
• the fan 4 can be driven by a motor 25.
• Fig. 5 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in a refrigeration system. It is a cooling system filled with a thermally conductive aerosol, which is used to transfer the thermal energy in the operation of the electric motors in, for example Kraftfahrahrezugen.
• the aerosol improves heat dissipation, reduces energy consumption and dimensioning, and extends the life of the engine.
• the aerosol is preferably filled via a filling valve 2 in a container 1, which may consist of a double-walled housing made of metal or plastic.
• the container 1 preferably has heat-conducting lamellae 1 1.
• a motor 25 (for example an electric motor) is inserted into the container 1, the container 1 being enclosed by the motor 25 by an outer housing 5.
• an electrically operated fan 4 may be attached to the container 1 or the motor 25 to improve heat dissipation.
• a protective grid 8 may preferably be attached.
• the heat-conducting lamellae of the preferably closed container 1 can be made of a double-walled material and are preferably likewise filled with the heat-conducting aerosol.
• Fig. 6 shows a preferred use of the aerosol in an air conditioner.
• the air conditioning system preferably consists of two units. The first unit will be in one to be cooled or heated room and the second unit installed externally.
• the inner unit is an evaporator 26 in which a container 1 with heat-conducting ribs 9 are present.
• an inner tube 17 is preferably arranged.
• an electric heater 23 and an electric fan 4 are additionally used.
• the container 1 or the fan 4 may be covered with a protective grid 8.
• a thermostat 3 On the container 1 or an outer casing of which a thermostat 3 can be attached, which is connected to the electric heating element 23 and the fan 4.
• a particular electronic controller 31 may be mounted, which preferably controls the time and temperature.
• the external unit is the capacitor 27, on the outer sides of which heat-conducting ribs 9 and a fan 4 are mounted.
• a protective grid 8 is connected to the capacitor 27.
• the preferred air conditioning system includes a compressor 30 which, due to the favorable thermodynamic properties of the heat-conducting aerosol, has lower energy requirements, smaller dimensions and lower noise levels.
• Evaporator 26 and condenser 27 are connected via a pipe system 32 (dashed line).
• the outlet valve 7 of the evaporator 26 is closed and the circulation of the thermally conductive aerosol with the condenser 27 is interrupted.
• the heating rod 23 heats the heat-conducting aerosol of the evaporator 26.
• the thermal energy is transferred quickly and efficiently to the heat-conducting ribs 9.
• the heat-conducting ribs 9 can be made of a double-walled material and preferably also be filled with the heat-conducting aerosol.
• Part of the required electricity can, for example, be supplied by solar cells, since the cooling and heating system has a low energy requirement and can therefore also be operated autonomously. If there is insufficient sunlight, the necessary energy can be provided by batteries.
• the outlet valve 7 of the evaporator is opened and thus the connection to the condenser 27 is established. The aerosol absorbs heat in the evaporator and releases it again in the condenser.
• Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show a horizontal and vertical embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the invention as a radiator.
• the preferred heater 35 has a first chamber 33 and a second chamber 34, wherein a chamber, preferably the second chamber 34 has a filling valve 2 for filling a thermally conductive aerosol.
• a blind plug 36 and / or an electric heater 23 can be introduced.

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• 2011
  • 2011-01-14 EP EP11701774.9A patent/EP2663605A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-01-14 WO PCT/EP2011/050465 patent/WO2012095182A1/fr active Application Filing

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