EP2659115A1 - Electromagnetic device, and corresponding electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic device, and corresponding electromagnetic actuator

Info

Publication number
EP2659115A1
EP2659115A1 EP11815471.5A EP11815471A EP2659115A1 EP 2659115 A1 EP2659115 A1 EP 2659115A1 EP 11815471 A EP11815471 A EP 11815471A EP 2659115 A1 EP2659115 A1 EP 2659115A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coils
electromagnetic device
electromagnetic
actuator
litz wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11815471.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2659115B1 (en
Inventor
Manuela MATEOS- BUGATTI
Emmanuel Talon
Dominique Dupuis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Publication of EP2659115A1 publication Critical patent/EP2659115A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2659115B1 publication Critical patent/EP2659115B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1816—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1816—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator
    • H01F2007/1822—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator using a capacitor to produce a boost voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic device, electromagnet type. It also relates to a corresponding electromagnetic actuator.
  • the invention relates to the field of electromagnetic actuators used in automotive applications.
  • electromagnetic actuators are used.
  • An actuator is here understood to mean a device capable of acting in response to an electrical command.
  • an actuator is provided with at least one inductor (or self inductance) which, when traversed by a current, causes the displacement of a moving part.
  • the actuator In the case of an electromagnetic valve, the actuator generally consists of two electromagnets: one is dedicated to opening the valve and the other to closing the valve.
  • the valve is mechanically connected to a pallet which is located in the air gap of the electromagnets.
  • the pallet is attracted by one or the other of the electromagnets by electromagnetic forces when the electromagnets are magnetized and it is recalled in the center of the air gap by springs.
  • a microcontroller calculates PWM (“Pulse Width Modulation") signals for controlling the current flowing in the high frequency electromagnets to about 120 kHz.
  • Actuator control usually takes place from a DC voltage source. Therefore, it is often necessary to adopt an H-bridge architecture to control this actuator in the four quadrants.
  • Such an overvoltage generator is generally connected to the H bridge in which the inductor of the actuator is located.
  • the Applicant has carried out work in this direction to develop a control device of an actuator and simultaneous lifting of the voltage, which allows a saving of space by reusing components of the actuator to achieve the overvoltage.
  • the Applicant has developed an electromagnetic device comprising two magnetically coupled coils and adapted to ensure, in a first operating mode driving a mobile element and in a second operating mode a voltage conversion.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage.
  • the invention firstly relates to an electromagnetic device comprising two magnetically coupled coils adapted to ensure, in a first operating mode, the driving of a mobile element and, in a second operating mode, a voltage conversion. device in which each coil has a multiple conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils.
  • the use of a coil having a structure with multiple conductors, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils in the electromagnet of an electromagnetic actuator for driving a movable element, particularly in translation, is an invention in itself, in particular in the case of an actuator powered at very high frequency.
  • an intermediate terminal intended to be connected to a power supply source is provided between the two coils.
  • each coil having a multiple conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the effect of skin, is an invention in itself, particularly in the case of an electromagnetic device powered at very high frequency.
  • the two coils have the same number of turns, the intermediate terminal being then a midpoint.
  • the supply currents coming from the power source flow in the two coils in opposite directions and according to values proportional to the number of turns of the coil traversed so that when a current is sent in the first coil and the opposite current in the second coil, their mutual effects are canceled, said currents having a ratio equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the first and the second coil.
  • no electromotive force is created by all of the two coils.
  • the conductors are strands of circular section twisted together to form a Litz wire.
  • Litz wire is particularly suitable for high frequency current transmission.
  • each turn of the two coils comprises a number of twisted strands pitch between 8 and 16, in particular equal to 12.
  • the number of twisted strands forming the Litz wire is between 5 and 12, and preferably equal to 7. This indeed makes it possible to have a good compromise between the total section of the Litz wire, which is wishes to be as high as possible to reduce the resistance of the wire and therefore the losses, and the thickness of the coil which must be minimized to ensure its integration into the device.
  • the Litz wire has a section approximately equal to 1 mm 2 .
  • This section is particularly suited to the control frequencies of electromagnetic valves.
  • the conductors are copper strips. This variant uses less insulation. It thus makes it possible to have a better filling of the coil in conductors.
  • the copper strips used have a thickness of between 0.4 and 0.5 mm.
  • the coils have turns of rectangular shape. This embodiment is particularly suitable for actuating two electromagnetic valves.
  • the coils have square-shaped turns. This variant is particularly suitable for the actuation of a single electromagnetic valve.
  • the present invention also provides an electromagnetic valve actuator comprising the electromagnetic device of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic actuator comprising an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a coil portion of the electromagnetic device according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the axis A-A of a Litz wire of the coil of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 represents a coil of the electromagnetic device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an electromagnetic actuator 2 comprising an electromagnetic device 4 capable of providing, in a first operating mode, the driving of a mobile element and, in a second operating mode, a voltage conversion, in particular an increase in voltage.
  • the movable element is, for example, an electromagnetic valve of a motor vehicle engine driven, in particular, in translation. It comprises a pallet 6, intended to bear against said device in an open position of the valve and to be at a distance from said device in a closed position of the valve.
  • the electromagnetic device 4 comprises two coils 8 and 10 each having an inductance L1 and L2 respectively.
  • leakage inductances Lf1 and Lf2 are nevertheless very small so that they do not disturb the control of the actuator 2 to drive the mobile element 6. Moreover, the effects of the inductances L1 and L2 cancel each other out. The voltage rise does not disturb the actuator.
  • the two coils 8 and 10 are coupled by their magnetic core which is the same for the two coils 8 and 10.
  • a power source 14 is connected to the midpoint 12.
  • the power source 14 has a voltage of 12 V.
  • the current I B from the power source 14 allows to raise the voltage (that is to say to achieve an overvoltage) across a load 16 which is a capacitor.
  • the voltage rise is controlled by controlling the current I B through four switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 which are for example MOS transistors.
  • the coils 8 and 10 and the four switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 form an H bridge, in which the two coils 8 and 10 form the horizontal bar of the H, the two transistors Q1 and Q3 form a first arm of the H and the two transistors Q2 and Q4 form a second arm of H.
  • the load 16 is connected in parallel with the second arm of the H-bridge.
  • the switching elements Q3 and Q4 are closed so as to magnetize the leakage inductances Lf1 and Lf2;
  • Q3 and Q4 are opened and Q1 and Q2 are closed so that the magnetic energy stored by Lf1 and Lf2 is discharged into the capacitor 16, which makes it possible to raise the voltage across this capacitor 16.
  • the current required to control the actuator is obtained by closing Q1 and Q3 while Q2 and Q4 are open, and vice versa.
  • a disadvantage of this assembly consists in the presence of losses in the conductors of the coils 8 and 10.
  • the two coils 8 and 10 have a multi-conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils in order to reduce losses by Joule effect.
  • the conductors of the two coils 8 and 10 are strands of circular section twisted together to form a Litz wire.
  • FIG. 2 represents a coil portion 8 (or 10) formed of a winding of Litz wire 20 in a number of turns including, for example, between 15 and 25, equal to 20 for example.
  • the turns are, for example, rectangular (only half of a coil being illustrated in Figure 2) so that the coils are adapted to be integrated in particular in an actuator of two solenoid valves.
  • the turns have a square shape so that the coils are adapted to be integrated in an actuator of a single electromagnetic valve.
  • This Litz wire 20 comprises between 5 and 12 twisted strands. According to a preferred example, the Litz wire 20 comprises 7 twisted strands, as is clearly shown in FIG.
  • the twisted strands of the Litz wire 20 are arranged such that there is a central strand 22 and 6 strands 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 surrounding the central strand.
  • the Litz wire 20 has a section of 1 mm 2 .
  • the number of twist steps of the strands of the Litz wire is chosen equal to 12 twist steps per turn or for a turn of total length equal to about 17 cm, the twist pitch is thus equal to 14 mm .
  • This choice makes it possible to have the flexibility required by the Litz wire 20 to go around the coil and to minimize the risk of separation of the strands constituting the Litz wire.
  • the coils 8 and 10 are formed of a winding of copper strips 40.
  • the number of copper strips is in particular between 15 and 25, for example equal to 20 .
  • Each copper strip 40 preferably has a thickness e of between 0.4 and 0.5 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic device (4) including two magnetically coupled coils (8, 10) capable of driving a movable element (6) in a first mode of operation and of converting voltage in a second mode of operation. In said device, each coil (8, 10) has a structure comprising multiple conductors that are insulated from each other so as to reduce the skin effect on the coils (8, 10).

Description

Dispositif électromagnétique et actionneur électromagnétique correspondant  Electromagnetic device and corresponding electromagnetic actuator
La présente invention concerne un dispositif électromagnétique, de type électroaimant. Elle concerne également un actionneur électromagnétique correspondant. The present invention relates to an electromagnetic device, electromagnet type. It also relates to a corresponding electromagnetic actuator.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne le domaine des actionneurs électromagnétiques utilisés dans les applications automobiles.  More particularly, the invention relates to the field of electromagnetic actuators used in automotive applications.
En effet, dans de nombreuses applications automobiles, comme la commande de soupapes électromagnétiques, la commande d'injecteurs ou la commande de moteurs électriques pour véhicule électrique ou hybride, des actionneurs électromagnétiques sont utilisés.  Indeed, in many automotive applications, such as the control of electromagnetic valves, the control of injectors or the control of electric motors for electric or hybrid vehicles, electromagnetic actuators are used.
On entend ici par actionneur un dispositif capable d'agir en réponse à une commande électrique. Généralement, un actionneur est muni d'au moins une inductance (ou self inductance) qui, lorsqu'elle est parcourue par un courant, provoque le déplacement d'une pièce mobile.  An actuator is here understood to mean a device capable of acting in response to an electrical command. Generally, an actuator is provided with at least one inductor (or self inductance) which, when traversed by a current, causes the displacement of a moving part.
Dans le cas d'une soupape électromagnétique, l'actionneur est généralement constitué de deux électroaimants : l'un est dédié à l'ouverture de la soupape et l'autre à la fermeture de la soupape. La soupape est reliée mécaniquement à une palette qui est localisée dans l'entrefer des électroaimants. La palette est attirée par l'un ou l'autre des électroaimants par des forces électromagnétiques lorsque les électroaimants sont magnétisés et elle est rappelée au centre de l'entrefer par des ressorts. En général, un microcontrôleur calcule des signaux MLI ("Modulation de Largeur d'Impulsion") de commande du courant circulant dans les électroaimants à haute fréquence jusqu'à environ 120 kHz.  In the case of an electromagnetic valve, the actuator generally consists of two electromagnets: one is dedicated to opening the valve and the other to closing the valve. The valve is mechanically connected to a pallet which is located in the air gap of the electromagnets. The pallet is attracted by one or the other of the electromagnets by electromagnetic forces when the electromagnets are magnetized and it is recalled in the center of the air gap by springs. In general, a microcontroller calculates PWM ("Pulse Width Modulation") signals for controlling the current flowing in the high frequency electromagnets to about 120 kHz.
La commande de l'actionneur a généralement lieu à partir d'une source de tension continue. Par conséquent, il est souvent nécessaire d'adopter une architecture de type pont en H pour commander cet actionneur dans les quatre quadrants.  Actuator control usually takes place from a DC voltage source. Therefore, it is often necessary to adopt an H-bridge architecture to control this actuator in the four quadrants.
En outre, pour accélérer la commande de l'actionneur, il est souvent utile d'appliquer une surtension aux bornes de l'inductance, de manière à provoquer une mise en action plus rapide de l'actionneur. De nombreux dispositifs générateurs de surtension (ou dispositifs élévateurs de tension) sont connus. In addition, to accelerate the control of the actuator, it is often useful to apply an overvoltage across the inductor, so as to cause a faster actuation of the actuator. Many surge generating devices (or voltage boosters) are known.
Un tel générateur de surtension est généralement relié au pont en H dans lequel se trouve l'inductance de l'actionneur.  Such an overvoltage generator is generally connected to the H bridge in which the inductor of the actuator is located.
Toutefois, cela augmente le nombre de composants utilisés. Or dans une optique de miniaturisation et de diminution des coûts, on cherche à diminuer le nombre de composants utilisés.  However, this increases the number of components used. However, in the context of miniaturization and cost reduction, it is sought to reduce the number of components used.
Par conséquent, différentes solutions techniques ont été développées afin de permettre de créer une surtension aux bornes du pont en H, sans pour autant augmenter de manière significative le nombre de composants utilisés.  As a result, various technical solutions have been developed to create an overvoltage across the H-bridge, without significantly increasing the number of components used.
La Demanderesse a mené des travaux en ce sens pour développer un dispositif de commande d'un actionneur et d'élévation simultanée de la tension, qui permette un gain de place en réutilisant des composants de l'actionneur pour réaliser la surtension.  The Applicant has carried out work in this direction to develop a control device of an actuator and simultaneous lifting of the voltage, which allows a saving of space by reusing components of the actuator to achieve the overvoltage.
Plus précisément, la Demanderesse a développé un dispositif électromagnétique comprenant deux bobines couplées magnétiquement et aptes à assurer, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement l'entraînement d'un élément mobile et dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement une conversion de tension.  More specifically, the Applicant has developed an electromagnetic device comprising two magnetically coupled coils and adapted to ensure, in a first operating mode driving a mobile element and in a second operating mode a voltage conversion.
Cependant, il s'avère que la mise en oeuvre d'un tel dispositif s'accompagne de pertes par effet Joule dans les conducteurs des bobines pouvant conduire à des élévations de température extrêmement importantes, pertes d'autant plus sévères que, dans cette nouvelle configuration, le dispositif est commandé à très haute fréquence pour les besoins de la conversion de tension.  However, it turns out that the implementation of such a device is accompanied by losses by Joule effect in the conductors of the coils can lead to extremely large temperature increases, losses all the more severe as in this new configuration, the device is controlled at very high frequency for the purpose of voltage conversion.
La présente invention vise à remédier à cet inconvénient.  The present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne tout d'abord un dispositif électromagnétique comprenant deux bobines couplées magnétiquement et aptes à assurer, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement l'entraînement d'un élément mobile et dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement une conversion de tension, dispositif dans lequel chaque bobine présente une structure à conducteurs multiples, isolés les uns des autres, pour diminuer l'effet de peau sur les bobines.  For this purpose, the invention firstly relates to an electromagnetic device comprising two magnetically coupled coils adapted to ensure, in a first operating mode, the driving of a mobile element and, in a second operating mode, a voltage conversion. device in which each coil has a multiple conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils.
L'intérêt de cette utilisation ne se limite d'ailleurs pas au cas des dispositifs électromagnétiques comprenant deux bobines couplées magnétiquement aptes à assurer, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement l'entraînement d'un élément mobile et dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement une conversion de tension. The interest of this use is not limited to the case of electromagnetic devices comprising two coils coupled magnetically suitable for in a first mode of operation, to drive a moving element and, in a second mode of operation, to convert a voltage.
En effet, l'utilisation d'une bobine présentant une structure à conducteurs multiples, isolés les uns des autres, pour diminuer l'effet de peau sur les bobines dans l'électroaimant d'un actionneur électromagnétique pour entraîner un élément mobile, notamment en translation, est une invention en soi, en particulier dans le cas d'un actionneur alimenté à très haute fréquence.  Indeed, the use of a coil having a structure with multiple conductors, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils in the electromagnet of an electromagnetic actuator for driving a movable element, particularly in translation, is an invention in itself, in particular in the case of an actuator powered at very high frequency.
Avantageusement, une borne intermédiaire destinée à être raccordée à une source d'alimentation électrique est prévue entre les deux bobines.  Advantageously, an intermediate terminal intended to be connected to a power supply source is provided between the two coils.
Le fait de relier la source d'alimentation à la borne intermédiaire des deux bobines permet de créer une surtension sans que cela influence la commande de l'élément mobile.  Connecting the power source to the intermediate terminal of the two coils creates an overvoltage without affecting the control of the movable element.
L'intérêt d'une telle structure du dispositif ne se limite d'ailleurs pas au cas dans lequel les bobines sont aptes à assurer à la fois l'entraînement d'un élément mobile et la conversion de tension.  The interest of such a structure of the device is not limited to the case in which the coils are able to provide both the drive of a movable element and the voltage conversion.
En effet, l'utilisation de deux bobines couplées magnétiquement entre lesquelles se trouve une borne intermédiaire destinée à être raccordée à une source d'alimentation, chaque bobine présentant une structure à conducteurs multiples, isolés les uns des autres, pour diminuer l'effet de peau, est une invention en soi, en particulier dans le cas d'un dispositif électromagnétique alimenté à très haute fréquence.  Indeed, the use of two magnetically coupled coils between which there is an intermediate terminal intended to be connected to a power source, each coil having a multiple conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the effect of skin, is an invention in itself, particularly in the case of an electromagnetic device powered at very high frequency.
De préférence, les deux bobines présentent un même nombre de spires, la borne intermédiaire étant alors un point milieu.  Preferably, the two coils have the same number of turns, the intermediate terminal being then a midpoint.
La source d'alimentation étant reliée à la borne intermédiaire, les courants d'alimentation issus de la source d'alimentation circulent dans les deux bobines dans des sens opposés et selon des valeurs proportionnelles au nombre de spires de la bobine traversée de sorte que lorsqu'on envoie un courant dans la première bobine et le courant opposé dans la deuxième bobine, leurs effets mutuels s'annulent, lesdits courants ayant un rapport égal au rapport des nombres de spires de la première et de la deuxième bobine. Ainsi, grâce à l'utilisation d'un même nombre de spires, aucune force électromotrice n'est créée par l'ensemble des deux bobines.  Since the power source is connected to the intermediate terminal, the supply currents coming from the power source flow in the two coils in opposite directions and according to values proportional to the number of turns of the coil traversed so that when a current is sent in the first coil and the opposite current in the second coil, their mutual effects are canceled, said currents having a ratio equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the first and the second coil. Thus, thanks to the use of the same number of turns, no electromotive force is created by all of the two coils.
Selon une réalisation, les conducteurs sont des brins de section circulaire torsadés ensemble pour former un fil de Litz. Le fil de Litz est particulièrement adapté au transport de courant à haute fréquence. In one embodiment, the conductors are strands of circular section twisted together to form a Litz wire. Litz wire is particularly suitable for high frequency current transmission.
Avantageusement, chaque spire des deux bobines comprend un nombre de pas de torsade des brins compris entre 8 et 16, notamment égal à 12.  Advantageously, each turn of the two coils comprises a number of twisted strands pitch between 8 and 16, in particular equal to 12.
Ce nombre constitue en effet un bon compromis permettant d'avoir la flexibité nécessaire au fil de Litz pour faire le tour de la spire et de minimiser le risque de désolidarisation des brins constituant le fil de Litz.  This number is indeed a good compromise to have the flexibility required over Litz to go around the turn and minimize the risk of separation of the strands constituting the Litz wire.
Encore avantageusement, le nombre de brins torsadés formant le fil de Litz est compris entre 5 et 12, et de préférence égal à 7. Cela permet en effet d'avoir un bon compromis entre la section totale du fil de Litz, que l'on souhaite être la plus élevée possible pour diminuer la résistance du fil et donc les pertes, et l'épaisseur de la bobine qui doit être minimisée pour assurer son intégration dans le dispositif.  Still advantageously, the number of twisted strands forming the Litz wire is between 5 and 12, and preferably equal to 7. This indeed makes it possible to have a good compromise between the total section of the Litz wire, which is wishes to be as high as possible to reduce the resistance of the wire and therefore the losses, and the thickness of the coil which must be minimized to ensure its integration into the device.
Avantageusement, le fil de Litz a une section environ égale à 1 mm2. Cette section est particulièrement adaptée aux fréquences de commande de soupapes électromagnétiques. Advantageously, the Litz wire has a section approximately equal to 1 mm 2 . This section is particularly suited to the control frequencies of electromagnetic valves.
Selon une variante, les conducteurs sont des bandes de cuivre. Cette variante utilise moins d'isolant. Elle permet ainsi d'avoir un meilleur remplissage de la bobine en conducteurs.  According to one variant, the conductors are copper strips. This variant uses less insulation. It thus makes it possible to have a better filling of the coil in conductors.
Avantageusement, les bandes de cuivre utilisées ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0.4 et 0.5 mm.  Advantageously, the copper strips used have a thickness of between 0.4 and 0.5 mm.
Selon une réalisation, les bobines présentent des spires de forme rectangulaire. Cette réalisation est particulièrement adaptée pour l'actionnement de deux soupapes électromagnétiques.  In one embodiment, the coils have turns of rectangular shape. This embodiment is particularly suitable for actuating two electromagnetic valves.
Selon une variante de réalisation, les bobines présentent des spires de forme carrée. Cette variante est particulièrement adaptée pour l'actionnement d'une seule soupape électromagnétique.  According to an alternative embodiment, the coils have square-shaped turns. This variant is particularly suitable for the actuation of a single electromagnetic valve.
La présente invention propose également un actionneur électromagnétique de soupapes comprenant le dispositif électromagnétique de l'invention.  The present invention also provides an electromagnetic valve actuator comprising the electromagnetic device of the invention.
Des modes de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits de façon plus précise, mais non limitative, en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels : - la figure 1 est un schéma représentant un actionneur électromagnétique comprenant un dispositif électromagnétique selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; Embodiments of the invention will now be described more specifically, but not limitatively, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic actuator comprising an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 représente une portion de bobine du dispositif électromagnétique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;  FIG. 2 represents a coil portion of the electromagnetic device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe selon l'axe A-A d'un fil de Litz de la bobine de la figure 2; et  - Figure 3 shows a sectional view along the axis A-A of a Litz wire of the coil of Figure 2; and
- la figure 4 représente une bobine du dispositif électromagnétique selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 4 represents a coil of the electromagnetic device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
La figure 1 représente un actionneur électromagnétique 2 comprenant un dispositif électromagnétique 4 apte à assurer, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement l'entraînement d'un élément mobile et dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement une conversion de tension, notamment une élévation de tension.  FIG. 1 represents an electromagnetic actuator 2 comprising an electromagnetic device 4 capable of providing, in a first operating mode, the driving of a mobile element and, in a second operating mode, a voltage conversion, in particular an increase in voltage.
L'élément mobile est, par exemple, une soupape électromagnétique d'un moteur de véhicule automobile entraînée, notamment, en translation. Il comprend une palette 6, destinée à venir en appui contre ledit dispositif dans une position d'ouverture de la soupape et à se trouver à distance dudit dispositif dans une position de fermeture de la soupape.  The movable element is, for example, an electromagnetic valve of a motor vehicle engine driven, in particular, in translation. It comprises a pallet 6, intended to bear against said device in an open position of the valve and to be at a distance from said device in a closed position of the valve.
Le dispositif électromagnétique 4 comprend deux bobines 8 et 10 présentant chacune une inductance L1 et L2 respectivement. De préférence, les deux bobines 8 et 10 présentent le même nombre de spires avec L1 = L2.  The electromagnetic device 4 comprises two coils 8 and 10 each having an inductance L1 and L2 respectively. Preferably, the two coils 8 and 10 have the same number of turns with L1 = L2.
Bien que les bobines 8 et 10 présentent théoriquement la même inductance L1 = L2, en pratique, elles présentent également des inductances de fuite, respectivement Lf1 et Lf2. Ce sont ces inductances de fuite qui se magnétisent lors de la création d'une surtension.  Although coils 8 and 10 theoretically have the same inductance L1 = L2, in practice they also have leakage inductances Lf1 and Lf2, respectively. It is these leakage inductances that magnetize during the creation of an overvoltage.
Ces inductances de fuite Lf1 et Lf2 sont néanmoins très faibles de sorte qu'elles ne perturbent pas la commande de l'actionneur 2 pour entraîner l'élément mobile 6. Par ailleurs, les effets des inductances L1 et L2 s'annulent mutuellement. L'élévation de tension ne perturbe donc pas l'actionneur.  These leakage inductances Lf1 and Lf2 are nevertheless very small so that they do not disturb the control of the actuator 2 to drive the mobile element 6. Moreover, the effects of the inductances L1 and L2 cancel each other out. The voltage rise does not disturb the actuator.
Les deux bobines 8 et 10 sont couplées par leur noyau magnétique qui est le même pour les deux bobines 8 et 10. Le point qui se situe entre les deux bobines 8 et 10 est une borne intermédiaire 12 et du fait que L1 = L2, cette borne intermédiaire est, selon ce mode de réalisation, un point milieu. The two coils 8 and 10 are coupled by their magnetic core which is the same for the two coils 8 and 10. The point which lies between the two coils 8 and 10 is an intermediate terminal 12 and because L1 = L2, this intermediate terminal is, according to this embodiment, a midpoint.
Une source d'alimentation 14 est raccordée au point milieu 12. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la source d'alimentation 14 présente une tension de 12 V.  A power source 14 is connected to the midpoint 12. In this embodiment, the power source 14 has a voltage of 12 V.
Le courant lB issu de la source d'alimentation 14 permet d'élever la tension (c'est- à-dire de réaliser une surtension) aux bornes d'une charge 16 qui est un condensateur. The current I B from the power source 14 allows to raise the voltage (that is to say to achieve an overvoltage) across a load 16 which is a capacitor.
L'élévation de tension est pilotée en contrôlant le courant lB grâce à quatre éléments de commutation Q1 , Q2, Q3 et Q4 qui sont par exemple des transistors MOS. The voltage rise is controlled by controlling the current I B through four switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 which are for example MOS transistors.
Les bobines 8 et 10 et les quatre éléments de commutation Q1 , Q2, Q3 et Q4 forment un pont en H, dans lequel les deux bobines 8 et 10 forment la barre horizontale du H, les deux transistors Q1 et Q3 forment un premier bras du H et les deux transistors Q2 et Q4 forment un deuxième bras du H.  The coils 8 and 10 and the four switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 form an H bridge, in which the two coils 8 and 10 form the horizontal bar of the H, the two transistors Q1 and Q3 form a first arm of the H and the two transistors Q2 and Q4 form a second arm of H.
La charge 16 est raccordée en parallèle au deuxième bras du pont en H.  The load 16 is connected in parallel with the second arm of the H-bridge.
En pratique, pour réaliser l'élévation de tension :  In practice, to achieve the voltage rise:
- on ferme les éléments de commutation Q3 et Q4 de manière à magnétiser les inductances de fuite Lf1 et Lf2 ;  the switching elements Q3 and Q4 are closed so as to magnetize the leakage inductances Lf1 and Lf2;
- puis on ouvre ensuite Q3 et Q4 et on ferme Q1 et Q2 de manière à ce que l'énergie magnétique stockée par Lf1 et Lf2 se décharge dans le condensateur 16, ce qui permet d'élever la tension aux bornes de ce condensateur 16.  and then Q3 and Q4 are opened and Q1 and Q2 are closed so that the magnetic energy stored by Lf1 and Lf2 is discharged into the capacitor 16, which makes it possible to raise the voltage across this capacitor 16.
Par ailleurs, pour entraîner l'élément mobile, il faut commander le courant qui traverse les deux bobines 8 et 10. Ce courant est égal à la différence du courant qui traverse la première bobine 8 et du courant qui traverse la deuxième bobine 10.  Furthermore, to drive the movable element, it is necessary to control the current flowing through the two coils 8 and 10. This current is equal to the difference of the current flowing through the first coil 8 and the current flowing through the second coil 10.
Il est donc possible de commander l'actionneur 2 en contrôlant la différence des courants traversant les deux bobines 8 et 10 grâce aux éléments de commutation Q1 , Q2, Q3 et Q4.  It is therefore possible to control the actuator 2 by controlling the difference of the currents passing through the two coils 8 and 10 thanks to the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4.
En pratique, le courant nécessaire à la commande de l'actionneur est obtenu en fermant Q1 et Q3 tandis que Q2 et Q4 sont ouverts, et inversement.  In practice, the current required to control the actuator is obtained by closing Q1 and Q3 while Q2 and Q4 are open, and vice versa.
Un inconvénient de ce montage consiste dans la présence de pertes dans les conducteurs des bobines 8 et 10. De manière remarquable, selon l'invention, les deux bobines 8 et 10 présentent une structure à conducteurs multiples, isolés les uns des autres, pour diminuer l'effet de peau sur les bobines afin de réduire les pertes par effet Joule. A disadvantage of this assembly consists in the presence of losses in the conductors of the coils 8 and 10. Remarkably, according to the invention, the two coils 8 and 10 have a multi-conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils in order to reduce losses by Joule effect.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, les conducteurs des deux bobines 8 et 10 sont des brins de section circulaire torsadés ensemble pour former un fil de Litz.  According to a first embodiment, the conductors of the two coils 8 and 10 are strands of circular section twisted together to form a Litz wire.
La figure 2 représente une portion de bobine 8 (ou 10) formée d'un enroulement de fil de Litz 20 en un nombre de spires compris, notamment, entre 15 et 25, égal à 20 par exemple.  FIG. 2 represents a coil portion 8 (or 10) formed of a winding of Litz wire 20 in a number of turns including, for example, between 15 and 25, equal to 20 for example.
Les spires sont, par exemple, de forme rectangulaire (seule la moitié d'une bobine étant illustrée à la figure 2) de sorte que les bobines sont adaptées pour être intégrées notamment dans un actionneur de deux soupapes électromagnétiques.  The turns are, for example, rectangular (only half of a coil being illustrated in Figure 2) so that the coils are adapted to be integrated in particular in an actuator of two solenoid valves.
Selon une variante non représentée, les spires ont une forme carrée de sorte que les bobines sont adaptées pour être intégrées dans un actionneur d'une seule soupape électromagnétique.  According to a variant not shown, the turns have a square shape so that the coils are adapted to be integrated in an actuator of a single electromagnetic valve.
Ce fil de Litz 20 comprend entre 5 et 12 brins torsadés. Selon un exemple préféré, le fil de Litz 20 comprend 7 brins torsadés ainsi que cela apparaît clairement sur la figure 3.  This Litz wire 20 comprises between 5 and 12 twisted strands. According to a preferred example, the Litz wire 20 comprises 7 twisted strands, as is clearly shown in FIG.
Les 7 brins torsadés du fil de Litz 20 sont agencés de sorte qu'il y a un brin central 22 et 6 brins 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 et 34 entourant le brin central.  The twisted strands of the Litz wire 20 are arranged such that there is a central strand 22 and 6 strands 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 surrounding the central strand.
De préférence, le fil de Litz 20 a une section d'1 mm2. Preferably, the Litz wire 20 has a section of 1 mm 2 .
Selon une réalisation préférée, le nombre de pas de torsade des brins du fil de Litz est choisi égal à 12 pas de torsade par spire soit pour une spire de longueur totale égale à environ 17 cm, le pas de torsade est ainsi égal à 14 mm.  According to a preferred embodiment, the number of twist steps of the strands of the Litz wire is chosen equal to 12 twist steps per turn or for a turn of total length equal to about 17 cm, the twist pitch is thus equal to 14 mm .
Ce choix permet d'avoir la flexibité nécessaire au fil de Litz 20 pour faire le tour de la spire et de minimiser le risque de désolidarisation des brins constituant le fil de Litz.  This choice makes it possible to have the flexibility required by the Litz wire 20 to go around the coil and to minimize the risk of separation of the strands constituting the Litz wire.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4, les bobines 8 et 10 sont formées d'un enroulement de bandes de cuivre 40. Le nombre de bandes de cuivre est compris, notamment, entre 15 et 25, par exemple égal à 20.  According to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the coils 8 and 10 are formed of a winding of copper strips 40. The number of copper strips is in particular between 15 and 25, for example equal to 20 .
Chaque bande de cuivre 40 a, de préférence, une épaisseur e comprise entre 0.4 et 0.5 mm.  Each copper strip 40 preferably has a thickness e of between 0.4 and 0.5 mm.
Bien entendu, d'autres modes de réalisation sont encore envisageables.  Of course, other embodiments are still conceivable.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Dispositif électromagnétique (4) comprenant deux bobines (8, 10) couplées magnétiquement et aptes à assurer, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement l'entraînement d'un élément mobile (6) et dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement une conversion de tension, dispositif dans lequel chaque bobine (8, 10) présente une structure à conducteurs multiples, isolés les uns des autres, pour diminuer l'effet de peau sur les bobines (8,10). 1. Electromagnetic device (4) comprising two coils (8, 10) magnetically coupled and adapted to ensure, in a first mode of operation the driving of a movable element (6) and in a second operating mode a voltage conversion device in which each coil (8, 10) has a multi-conductor structure, isolated from each other, to reduce the skin effect on the coils (8, 10).
2. Dispositif électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel une borne intermédiaire (12) destinée à être raccordée à une source d'alimentation électrique (14) est prévue entre les deux bobines (8, 10). An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein an intermediate terminal (12) for connection to a power source (14) is provided between the two coils (8, 10).
3. Dispositif électromagnétique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les deux bobines (8, 10) présentent un même nombre de spires, la borne intermédiaire (12) étant alors un point milieu. 3. Electromagnetic device according to claim 2, wherein the two coils (8, 10) have the same number of turns, the intermediate terminal (12) then being a midpoint.
4. Dispositif électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les conducteurs sont des brins (22,24,26,28,30,32,34) de section circulaire torsadés ensemble pour former un fil de Litz (20). An electromagnetic device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conductors are strands (22,24,26,28,30,32,34) of circular section twisted together to form a Litz wire (20).
5. Dispositif électromagnétique selon la revendication 4, dans lequel chaque spire des deux bobines (8,10) comprend un nombre de pas de torsade des brins compris entre 8 et 16. 5. Electromagnetic device according to claim 4, wherein each turn of the two coils (8,10) comprises a number of twists twisted strands between 8 and 16.
6. Dispositif électromagnétique selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel le nombre de brins torsadés formant le fil de Litz (20) est compris entre 5 et 12. An electromagnetic device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the number of twisted strands forming the Litz wire (20) is between 5 and 12.
7. Dispositif électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel le fil de Litz (20) a une section environ égale à 1 mm2. An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the Litz wire (20) has a cross section approximately equal to 1 mm 2 .
8. Dispositif électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les conducteurs sont des bandes de cuivre (40). An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductors are copper strips (40).
9. Dispositif électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel les bobines (8,10) présentent des spires de forme rectangulaire. 9. Electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the coils (8,10) have turns of rectangular shape.
10. Actionneur électromagnétique (2) de soupapes comprenant un dispositif électromagnétique (4) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. An electromagnetic valve actuator (2) comprising an electromagnetic device (4) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP11815471.5A 2010-12-30 2011-12-20 Electromagnetic device, and corresponding electromagnetic actuator Not-in-force EP2659115B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1061362A FR2970108B1 (en) 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE AND CORRESPONDING ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR.
PCT/FR2011/053094 WO2012089962A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-20 Electromagnetic device, and corresponding electromagnetic actuator

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EP2659115A1 true EP2659115A1 (en) 2013-11-06
EP2659115B1 EP2659115B1 (en) 2018-07-25

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JP (1) JP5918267B2 (en)
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US9599246B2 (en) * 2015-08-05 2017-03-21 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Magnetically actuated shut-off valve

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FR1375041A (en) * 1962-06-07 1964-10-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Method and device for manufacturing high frequency coils with a multi-stranded conductor
WO2000033330A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh Electromagnet with a plastic housing, especially for an electromagnetic actuator
YU49125B (en) * 1999-06-29 2004-03-12 Milan Dr. Prokin Bridge amplifier with voltage lifter
JP2004186628A (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-07-02 Koito Mfg Co Ltd Transformer
JP2005303164A (en) * 2004-04-15 2005-10-27 Nagano Japan Radio Co High frequency coil parts and its manufacturing method
US7036469B2 (en) * 2004-06-21 2006-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Bi-directional power electronics circuit for electromechanical valve actuator of an internal combustion engine
DE102008012942A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-23 Volkswagen Ag Inductive load controlling device for motor vehicle, has inductive load with connector arranged between switches and another connector connected with voltage level, and half-bridge circuit lying on another voltage level
FR2924873B1 (en) * 2007-12-07 2011-11-25 Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas CIRCUIT FOR MONITORING THE CURRENT IN AN ELECTRICAL CONTROL OR TERMINAL VOLTAGE OF THE CONTROL ELECTRICAL DEVICE
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JP2014509069A (en) 2014-04-10
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WO2012089962A1 (en) 2012-07-05
EP2659115B1 (en) 2018-07-25
JP5918267B2 (en) 2016-05-18

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